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Grammar updates for triple terms and occurrences (#33)
* Grammar updates for triple terms and occurrences * update Parser State sec * A Triple Term can only be used as the object of a trpile, not the subject. --------- Co-authored-by: Gregg Kellogg <gregg@greggkellogg.net> Co-authored-by: Ted Thibodeau Jr <tthibodeau@openlinksw.com>
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‎spec/index.html‎

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Turtle [[RDF12-TURTLE]] format.
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</p>
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<p>RDF 1.2 TriG shares <a>quoted triples</a> with [[RDF12-TURTLE]]
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<p>RDF 1.2 TriG shares <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-triple-term">triple terms</a> with [[RDF12-TURTLE]]
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as a fourth kind of <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-term">RDF term</a>
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which can be used as the
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-subject">subject</a> or
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-object">object</a> of another
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-triple">triple</a>,
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making it possible to make statements about other statements.
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RDF 1.2 TriG also adds shares
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-dir-lang-string">directional language-tagged strings</a>
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with [[RDF12-TURTLE]].</p>
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<p>In addition, RDF 1.2 TriG shares the <a data-cite="RDF12-TURTLE#annotation-syntax">annotation syntax</a> with [[RDF12-TURTLE]] which allows
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<a>quoted triples</a> to also be <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-asserted-triple">asserted</a>.</p>
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<p>In addition, RDF 1.2 TriG shares the <a data-cite="RDF12-TURTLE#reifying-triples">reifying triples</a> and
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<a data-cite="RDF12-TURTLE#annotation-syntax">annotation syntax</a> extensions with [[RDF12-TURTLE]] which allows
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-triple-term">triple terms</a> to also be <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-asserted-triple">asserted</a>.</p>
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</section>
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<section id='sotd' class="updateable-rec">
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</section>
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<section id="quoted-triples">
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<h3>Quoted Triples</h3>
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<p>TriG shares the same syntax for representing <dfn data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-quoted-triple">quoted triples</dfn>
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as Turtle, including the <a data-cite="RDF12-TURTLE#annotation-syntax">Annotation Syntax</a>.</p>
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<pre id="ex-annotated-triple"
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class="example trig"
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data-transform="updateExample"
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title="TriG annotated triples">
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<!--
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BASE <http://example.org/>
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PREFIX : <#>
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:G {
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_:a :name "Alice" {| :statedBy :bob |} .
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}
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-->
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<section id="triple-terms">
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<h3>Triple Terms</h3>
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<p>TriG shares the same syntax for representing <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-triple-term">triple terms</a>
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as Turtle, including <a data-cite="RDF12-TURTLE#reifying-triples">Reifying Triples</a>
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and the <a data-cite="RDF12-TURTLE#annotation-syntax">Annotation Syntax</a>.</p>
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<pre id="ex-triple-term" class="example turtle" data-transform="updateExample"
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title="Triple Term">
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<!--
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PREFIX : <http://www.example.org/>
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PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
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_:e38 :familyName "Smith" .
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_:anno rdf:reifies <<( _:e38 :jobTitle "Designer" )>> .
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_:anno :accordingTo _:e22 .
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-->
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</pre>
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</section>
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-iri">IRIs</a>,
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-literal">literals</a>,
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node">blank nodes</a>, and
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-quoted-triple">quoted triples</a>.
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-triple-term">triple terms</a>.
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Literals are composed of a <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-lexical-form">lexical form</a>
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and an optional <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-language-tag">language tag</a> [[!BCP47]]
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<section id="sec-parsing-state">
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<h3>Parser State</h3>
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<p>Parsing TriG requires a state of seven items:</p>
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<p>Parsing TriG requires a state of nine items:</p>
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<ul>
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<li id="baseURI">IRI |baseURI|
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per the <a href="#grammar-production-PNAME_NS"><code>PNAME_NS</code></a> production: <code>PN_PREFIX? ":"</code>.</li>
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<li id="bnodeLabels">Map[string -&gt; <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>] |bnodeLabels|
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— A mapping from string to blank node.</li>
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<li id="curSubject">RDF_Term |curSubject|
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<li id="curSubject"><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-term">RDF Term</a> |curSubject|
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— The |curSubject| is bound to the
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<a href="#grammar-production-subject"><code>subject</code></a>
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and <a href="#grammar-production-qtSubject"><code>qtSubject</code></a> productions.</li>
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<a href="#grammar-production-subject"><code>subject</code></a>,
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<a href="#grammar-production-blankNodePropertyList"><code>blankNodePropertyList</code></a>,
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<a href="#grammar-production-collection"><code>collection</code></a>,
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<a href="#grammar-production-tripleTerm"><code>tripleTerm</code></a>, and
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<a href="#grammar-production-annotationBlock"><code>annotationBlock</code></a>
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productions.</li>
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<li id="curPredicate">RDF_Term |curPredicate|
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— The |curPredicate| is bound to the
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<a href="#grammar-production-verb"><code>verb</code></a> production.
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the <a href="#grammar-production-verb"><code>verb</code></a> production.
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If token matched was <a href="#cp-lowercase-a"><code title="latin-small-letter-a">a</code></a>, |curPredicate|
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is bound to the IRI <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type</code>.</li>
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<li id="curObject">RDF_Term |curObject| —
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<li id="curObject"><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-term">RDF Term</a> |curObject| —
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The |curObject| is bound to the
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<a href="#grammar-production-object"><code>object</code></a> and
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<a href="#grammar-production-qtObject"><code>qtObject</code></a> productions.</li>
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<a href="#grammar-production-ttObject"><code>ttObject</code></a> productions.</li>
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<li id="curGraph">RDF_Term |curGraph| —
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The |curGraph| is bound to
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the label of the graph that is the destination of triples
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produced in parsing. When undefined, triples are destined
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for the <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-default-graph">default graph</a>.
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</li>
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<li id="curReifier"><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-term">RDF Term</a> |curReifier| —
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The |curReifier| is bound to the
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<a href="#grammar-production-reifier"><code>reifier</code></a> and
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<a href="#grammar-production-annotationBlock"><code>annotationBlock</code></a> productions.</li>
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<li id="curTripleTerm"><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-triple-term">Triple term</a> |curTripleTerm| —
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The |curTripleTerm| is set in the <a href="#annotation">Annotations</a> constructor.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Additionally, |curSubject|
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can be bound to any RDF_Term
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(including a <a>quoted triple</a>).</p>
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<p>Term Constructors can create a stack of these values indicated by
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using language such as "records the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|."</p>
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</section>
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<section id="sec-parsing-terms">
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<tr id="handle-blankNodePropertyList" ><td style="text-align:left;" ><a class="type bNode" href="#grammar-production-blankNodePropertyList" ><code>blankNodePropertyList</code></a></td><td><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node">blank node </a></td><td>A blank node is generated. Note the rules for <code>blankNodePropertyList</code> in the next section.</td></tr>
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<tr id="handle-collection" ><td style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2"><a class="type bNode" href="#grammar-production-collection" ><code>collection</code> </a></td><td><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td><td>For non-empty lists, a blank node is generated. Note the rules for <code>collection</code> in the next section.</td></tr>
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<tr id="handle-collection-IRI" ><td ><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-iri"> IRI </a></td><td>For empty lists, the resulting IRI is <code>rdf:nil</code>. Note the rules for <code>collection</code> in the next section.</td></tr>
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<tr id="handle-quotedTriple" ><td style="text-align:left;" ><a class="type quotedTriple" href="#grammar-production-quotedTriple" >quotedTriple </a></td><td><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-quoted-triple">quoted triple</a></td>
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<tr id="handle-reifier" ><td style="text-align:left;" ><a class="type reifier" href="#grammar-production-reifier" >reifier </a></td><td><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-iri"> IRI </a>
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| <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node"> blank node </a></td>
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<td>
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The <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-quoted-triple">quoted triple</a>
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The |curReifier| is taken from <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-term">term</a>, which is taken from the matched
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<a href="#grammar-production-iri"><code>iri</code></a> production
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or <a href="#grammar-production-BlankNode"><code>BlankNode</code></a> production, if any.
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If no such production is matched, <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-term">term</a> is taken
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from a fresh RDF <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="handle-tripleTerm" ><td style="text-align:left;" ><a class="type tripleTerm" href="#grammar-production-tripleTerm" >tripleTerm </a></td><td><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-triple-term"> triple term </a></td>
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<td>
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The <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-triple-term">triple term</a>
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is composed of the terms constructed from
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the <a href="#grammar-production-subject"><code>subject</code></a>,
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the <a href="#grammar-production-ttSubject"><code>ttSubject</code></a>,
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<a href="#grammar-production-predicate"><code>predicate</code></a>, and
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<a href="#grammar-production-object"><code>object</code></a> productions.
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<a href="#grammar-production-ttObject"><code>ttObject</code></a> productions.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="handle-reifiedTriple" ><td style="text-align:left;" ><a class="type reifiedTriple" href="#grammar-production-reifiedTriple" >reifiedTriple </a></td><td><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-iri">IRI</a> | <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a></td>
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<td>
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The <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-term">term</a> is taken from the matched <a href="#grammar-production-reifier"><code>reifier</code></a>, if any,
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or from a fresh RDF <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="handle-annotationBlock" ><td style="text-align:left;" ><a class="type annotation" href="#grammar-production-annotationBlock" >annotationBlock </a></td><td><a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-iri">IRI</a> | <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a></td>
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<td>
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The <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-term">term</a> is taken from a previously matched <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-reifier">reifier</a>, if any,
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or from a fresh RDF <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>.
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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before handling the <a href="#grammar-production-predicateObjectList"><code>predicateObjectList</code></a> production
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in rule <a href="#grammar-production-triplesOrGraph"><code>triplesOrGraph</code></a>.
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</p>
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<p>Beginning the <a href="#grammar-production-quotedTriple"><code>quotedTriple</code></a> production
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records the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.
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Finishing the <a href="#grammar-production-quotedTriple"><code>quotedTriple</code></a> production
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yields the RDF triple |curSubject| |curPredicate| |curObject|
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and restores the recorded values of |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.</p>
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<p>Beginning the <a href="#grammar-production-annotation"><code>annotation</code></a> production
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records the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|,
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and sets the |curSubject| to the RDF triple |curSubject| |curPredicate| |curObject|.
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Finishing the <a href="#grammar-production-annotation"><code>annotation</code></a> production
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</section>
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<section id="triple-output">
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</p>
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</section>
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<section id="reifier">
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<h4>Reifiers</h4>
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<p>Beginning the <a href="#grammar-production-reifier"><code>reifier</code></a> production,
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the |curReifier| is taken from the <a href="#handle-reifier"><code>reifier</code></a> term constructor.
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Then yield the the RDF triple |curReifier| <code>rdf:reifies</code> |curTripleTerm|.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="reifiedTriple">
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<h4>Reified Triples</h4>
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<p>Beginning the <a href="#grammar-production-reifiedTriple"><code>reifiedTriple</code></a> production
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records the |curTripleTerm|.
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A new <a href="#grammar-production-tripleTerm"><code>tripleTerm</code></a> instance |curTripleTerm|
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is created using the
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<a href="#grammar-production-subject"><code>subject</code></a>,
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<a href="#grammar-production-verb"><code>verb</code></a>, and
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<a href="#grammar-production-object"><code>object</code></a> productions.
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Finishing the <a href="#grammar-production-reifiedTriple"><code>reifiedTriple</code></a> production,
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if the |curReifier| is not set, it is assigned a fresh RDF <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>;
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it next yields the RDF triple |curReifier| <code>rdf:reifies</code> |curTripleTerm|,
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and then restores the recorded value of the |curTripleTerm|.
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The node produced by matching <a href="#grammar-production-reifiedTriple"><code>reifiedTriple</code></a>
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is the the |curReifier|.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="annotation">
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<h4>Annotations</h4>
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<p>Beginning the <a href="#grammar-production-annotation"><code>annotation</code></a> production
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records the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.
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A new <a href="#grammar-production-tripleTerm"><code>tripleTerm</code></a> instance |curTripleTerm|
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is created using the |curSubject| |curPredicate| |curObject|,
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and the value of the |curReifier| is cleared.
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Finishing the <a href="#grammar-production-annotation"><code>annotation</code></a> production
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restores the recorded values of the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="annotationBlock">
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<h4>Annotation Blocks</h4>
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<p>Beginning the <a href="#grammar-production-annotationBlock"><code>annotationBlock</code></a> production records the |curTripleTerm|.
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If the |curReifier| is not set, then it is assigned a fresh RDF <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node">blank node</a>
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and the production yields the RDF triple |curReifier| <code>rdf:reifies</code> |curTripleTerm|.
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The |curSubject| is taken from the |curReifier|
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Finishing the <a href="#grammar-production-annotationBlock"><code>annotationBlock</code></a> production
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clears the value of the |curReifier|
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and restores the |curTripleTerm|.</p>
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<p class="note">If the |curReifier| was already set, the
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reifying triple |curReifier| <code>rdf:reifies</code> |curTripleTerm|
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was emitted in <a href="#reifier"></a>.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="propertyList">
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<h4 style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;">Property Lists</h4>
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<li>Changes the `LANGTAG` terminal production to
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<a href="#grammar-production-LANG_DIR" class="type langDir"><code>LANG_DIR</code></a> to include
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an optional <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-base-direction">base direction</a>.</li>
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<li>Added <a href="#triple-terms" class="sectionRef">Triple Terms</a> for representing
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-triple-term">triple terms</a> in TriG.</li>
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<li>Removed the `NIL` terminal production from the grammar, which was unused.</li>
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</ul>
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</section>

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