diff --git a/app/controllers/api/v1/oidc/pending_trusted_publishers_controller.rb b/app/controllers/api/v1/oidc/pending_trusted_publishers_controller.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..561af007315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/controllers/api/v1/oidc/pending_trusted_publishers_controller.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Api::V1::OIDC::PendingTrustedPublishersController < Api::BaseController
+  before_action :authenticate_with_api_key
+  before_action :verify_user_api_key
+  before_action :verify_with_otp
+  before_action :set_trusted_publisher_type, only: %i[create]
+
+  def index
+    authorize OIDC::PendingTrustedPublisher, :index?
+    pending = policy_scope(OIDC::PendingTrustedPublisher)
+      .unexpired.includes(:trusted_publisher).strict_loading
+    render json: pending
+  end
+
+  def create
+    pending = authorize @api_key.user.oidc_pending_trusted_publishers.build(
+      create_params.merge(expires_at: 12.hours.from_now)
+    )
+
+    if pending.save
+      render json: pending, status: :created
+    else
+      render json: { errors: pending.errors, status: :unprocessable_content }, status: :unprocessable_content
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def set_trusted_publisher_type
+    trusted_publisher_type = params.expect(:trusted_publisher_type)
+    @trusted_publisher_type = OIDC::TrustedPublisher.all.find { |type| type.polymorphic_name == trusted_publisher_type }
+    return if @trusted_publisher_type
+    render json: { error: t("oidc.trusted_publisher.unsupported_type") }, status: :unprocessable_content
+  end
+
+  def create_params
+    create_params = params.permit(
+      :rubygem_name,
+      :trusted_publisher_type,
+      trusted_publisher: @trusted_publisher_type.permitted_attributes
+    )
+    create_params[:trusted_publisher_attributes] = create_params.delete(:trusted_publisher)
+    create_params
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/models/oidc/pending_trusted_publisher.rb b/app/models/oidc/pending_trusted_publisher.rb
index 9557b032b39..5928cd2807e 100644
--- a/app/models/oidc/pending_trusted_publisher.rb
+++ b/app/models/oidc/pending_trusted_publisher.rb
@@ -28,6 +28,18 @@ def build_trusted_publisher(params)
     self.trusted_publisher = trusted_publisher_type.constantize.build_trusted_publisher(params)
   end
 
+  def payload
+    {
+      id:,
+      rubygem_name:,
+      trusted_publisher_type:,
+      trusted_publisher:,
+      expires_at:
+    }
+  end
+
+  delegate :as_json, to: :payload
+
   private
 
   def available_rubygem_name
diff --git a/app/policies/api/oidc/pending_trusted_publisher_policy.rb b/app/policies/api/oidc/pending_trusted_publisher_policy.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e262d143947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/policies/api/oidc/pending_trusted_publisher_policy.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Api::OIDC::PendingTrustedPublisherPolicy < Api::ApplicationPolicy
+  class Scope < Api::ApplicationPolicy::Scope
+    def initialize(api_key, scope) # rubocop:disable Lint/MissingSuper
+      @api_key = api_key
+      @scope = scope
+    end
+
+    def resolve
+      scope.where(user: api_key.user)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def index?
+    user_api_key? &&
+      account_scoped_key? &&
+      api_key_scope?(:configure_trusted_publishers)
+  end
+
+  def create?
+    user_api_key? &&
+      mfa_requirement_satisfied? &&
+      account_scoped_key? &&
+      api_key_scope?(:configure_trusted_publishers)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  # Pending publishers are for not-yet-existing gems, so a gem-restricted key
+  # has no meaningful gem to bind to and must not register arbitrary names.
+  def account_scoped_key?
+    return true unless api_key.rubygem
+    deny t(:api_key_insufficient_scope)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/config/routes.rb b/config/routes.rb
index 73b7658947f..b70c19e4d7a 100644
--- a/config/routes.rb
+++ b/config/routes.rb
@@ -129,6 +129,8 @@
         resources :providers, only: %i[index show], format: 'json', defaults: { format: :json }
 
         resources :id_tokens, only: %i[index show], format: 'json', defaults: { format: :json }
+
+        resources :pending_trusted_publishers, only: %i[index create], format: 'json', defaults: { format: :json }
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/test/integration/api/v1/oidc/pending_trusted_publishers_controller_test.rb b/test/integration/api/v1/oidc/pending_trusted_publishers_controller_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29f6bd0cb15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/integration/api/v1/oidc/pending_trusted_publishers_controller_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "test_helper"
+
+class Api::V1::OIDC::PendingTrustedPublishersControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
+  make_my_diffs_pretty!
+
+  setup do
+    create(:oidc_provider, issuer: OIDC::Provider::GITHUB_ACTIONS_ISSUER)
+  end
+
+  context "without an API key" do
+    should "deny index" do
+      get api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path
+
+      assert_response :unauthorized
+    end
+
+    should "deny create" do
+      post api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path, params: {}
+
+      assert_response :unauthorized
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with an account-scoped configure_trusted_publishers key" do
+    setup do
+      @api_key = create(:api_key, key: "12345", scopes: %i[configure_trusted_publishers])
+    end
+
+    context "on POST to create" do
+      should "create a pending trusted publisher" do
+        stub_request(:get, "https://api.github.com/users/example")
+          .to_return(status: 200, body: { id: "123456" }.to_json, headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" })
+
+        assert_difference -> { @api_key.user.oidc_pending_trusted_publishers.count }, 1 do
+          post api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path,
+               params: {
+                 rubygem_name: "brand-new-gem",
+                 trusted_publisher_type: "OIDC::TrustedPublisher::GitHubAction",
+                 trusted_publisher: {
+                   repository_owner: "example",
+                   repository_name: "brand-new-gem",
+                   workflow_filename: "push_gem.yml"
+                 }
+               },
+               headers: { "HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "12345" }
+        end
+
+        assert_response :created
+        pending = OIDC::PendingTrustedPublisher.find(response.parsed_body["id"])
+
+        assert_equal "brand-new-gem", pending.rubygem_name
+        assert_equal @api_key.user, pending.user
+        assert_equal "example", pending.trusted_publisher.repository_owner
+
+        # Contract the CLI depends on: nested trusted_publisher object in the response body.
+        assert_predicate response.parsed_body["id"], :present?
+        assert_equal "brand-new-gem", response.parsed_body["rubygem_name"]
+        nested = response.parsed_body["trusted_publisher"]
+
+        assert_kind_of Hash, nested
+        assert_equal "example", nested["repository_owner"]
+        assert_equal "brand-new-gem", nested["repository_name"]
+        assert_equal "push_gem.yml", nested["workflow_filename"]
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "on POST to create with an existing pushable gem name" do
+      should "return 422" do
+        stub_request(:get, "https://api.github.com/users/example")
+          .to_return(status: 200, body: { id: "123456" }.to_json, headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" })
+        rubygem = create(:rubygem, name: "already-exists")
+        create(:version, rubygem: rubygem)
+        post api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path,
+             params: { rubygem_name: "already-exists", trusted_publisher_type: "OIDC::TrustedPublisher::GitHubAction",
+                       trusted_publisher: { repository_owner: "example", repository_name: "already-exists", workflow_filename: "push_gem.yml" } },
+             headers: { "HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "12345" }
+
+        assert_response :unprocessable_content
+        assert_includes response.parsed_body["errors"].keys, "rubygem_name"
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "on POST to create with an unsupported type" do
+      should "return 422" do
+        post api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path,
+             params: { rubygem_name: "x", trusted_publisher_type: "Hash", trusted_publisher: { repository_owner: "example" } },
+             headers: { "HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "12345" }
+
+        assert_response :unprocessable_content
+        assert_equal "Unsupported trusted publisher type", response.parsed_body["error"]
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "on POST to create with invalid config" do
+      should "return 422 with errors" do
+        stub_request(:get, "https://api.github.com/users/example")
+          .to_return(status: 200, body: { id: "123456" }.to_json, headers: { "Content-Type" => "application/json" })
+        post api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path,
+             params: { rubygem_name: "x", trusted_publisher_type: "OIDC::TrustedPublisher::GitHubAction",
+                       trusted_publisher: { repository_owner: "example" } },
+             headers: { "HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "12345" }
+
+        assert_response :unprocessable_content
+        assert_predicate response.parsed_body["errors"], :present?
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "on GET to index" do
+      should "return only the calling user's unexpired pending publishers" do
+        mine = create(:oidc_pending_trusted_publisher, user: @api_key.user)
+        create(:oidc_pending_trusted_publisher) # another user
+        create(:oidc_pending_trusted_publisher, user: @api_key.user, expires_at: 1.hour.ago) # expired
+
+        get api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path, headers: { "HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "12345" }
+
+        assert_response :success
+        assert_equal([mine.id], response.parsed_body.pluck("id"))
+
+        # Contract the CLI depends on: each item carries a nested trusted_publisher object.
+        response.parsed_body.each do |item|
+          assert_kind_of Hash, item["trusted_publisher"]
+          assert_predicate item["trusted_publisher"]["repository_owner"], :present?
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with a key lacking configure_trusted_publishers scope" do
+    setup do
+      @api_key = create(:api_key, key: "12345", scopes: %i[push_rubygem])
+    end
+
+    should "deny create" do
+      post api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path,
+           params: { rubygem_name: "x", trusted_publisher_type: "OIDC::TrustedPublisher::GitHubAction",
+                     trusted_publisher: { repository_owner: "example", repository_name: "x", workflow_filename: "push_gem.yml" } },
+           headers: { "HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "12345" }
+
+      assert_response :forbidden
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with a gem-scoped configure_trusted_publishers key" do
+    setup do
+      @owner = create(:user)
+      @rubygem = create(:rubygem, owners: [@owner])
+      @api_key = create(:api_key, key: "12345", scopes: %i[configure_trusted_publishers],
+                                  owner: @owner, rubygem: @rubygem)
+    end
+
+    should "deny create (gem-scoped keys cannot register pending publishers)" do
+      post api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path,
+           params: { rubygem_name: "x", trusted_publisher_type: "OIDC::TrustedPublisher::GitHubAction",
+                     trusted_publisher: { repository_owner: "example", repository_name: "x", workflow_filename: "push_gem.yml" } },
+           headers: { "HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "12345" }
+
+      assert_response :forbidden
+      assert_includes @response.body, "This API key cannot perform the specified action on this gem."
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with a trusted-publisher-owned (non-user) key" do
+    setup do
+      @api_key = create(:api_key, :trusted_publisher, key: "12345", scopes: %i[configure_trusted_publishers])
+    end
+
+    should "deny create" do
+      post api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path,
+           params: { rubygem_name: "x", trusted_publisher_type: "OIDC::TrustedPublisher::GitHubAction",
+                     trusted_publisher: { repository_owner: "example", repository_name: "x", workflow_filename: "push_gem.yml" } },
+           headers: { "HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "12345" }
+
+      assert_response :forbidden
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "with MFA (ui_and_api) required on the key's user" do
+    setup do
+      @user = create(:user, :mfa_enabled, totp_seed: ROTP::Base32.random_base32)
+      @api_key = create(:api_key, key: "12345", scopes: %i[configure_trusted_publishers], owner: @user)
+    end
+
+    should "reject create without OTP" do
+      post api_v1_oidc_pending_trusted_publishers_path,
+           params: { rubygem_name: "x", trusted_publisher_type: "OIDC::TrustedPublisher::GitHubAction",
+                     trusted_publisher: { repository_owner: "example", repository_name: "x", workflow_filename: "push_gem.yml" } },
+           headers: { "HTTP_AUTHORIZATION" => "12345" }
+
+      assert_response :unauthorized
+    end
+  end
+end