ENH: Support MathJax inline $dollar-pattern$

Fixes #410

Author: kernc

pdoc/templates/html.mako

@@ -411,6 +411,7 @@
   % endif
 
   % if latex_math:
+    <script type="text/x-mathjax-config">MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: { inlineMath: [ ['$','$'], ["\\(","\\)"] ], processEscapes: true } });</script>
     <script async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.7/latest.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" integrity="sha256-kZafAc6mZvK3W3v1pHOcUix30OHQN6pU/NO2oFkqZVw=" crossorigin></script>
   % endif
 

pdoc/test/__init__.py

@@ -1665,6 +1665,8 @@ def test_latex_math(self):
         expected = r'''<p>Inline equation: <span><span class="MathJax_Preview"> v_t *\frac{1}{2}* j_i + [a] &lt; 3 </span><script type="math/tex"> v_t *\frac{1}{2}* j_i + [a] < 3 </script></span>.</p>
 <p>Block equation: <span><span class="MathJax_Preview"> v_t *\frac{1}{2}* j_i + [a] &lt; 3 </span><script type="math/tex; mode=display"> v_t *\frac{1}{2}* j_i + [a] < 3 </script></span></p>
 <p>Block equation: <span><span class="MathJax_Preview"> v_t *\frac{1}{2}* j_i + [a] &lt; 3 </span><script type="math/tex; mode=display"> v_t *\frac{1}{2}* j_i + [a] < 3 </script></span></p>
+<p>$\mathcal{O}(N)$</p>
+<p>Escaping \$ should work in math like $X = \$3.25$ once it is implemented.</p>
 <p><span><span class="MathJax_Preview"> v_t *\frac{1}{2}* j_i + [a] &lt; 3 </span><script type="math/tex; mode=display"> v_t *\frac{1}{2}* j_i + [a] < 3 </script></span></p>'''  # noqa: E501
         text = inspect.getdoc(self._docmodule.latex_math)
         html = to_html(text, module=self._module, link=self._link, latex_math=True)