diff --git a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_grpc_exporter_test.cc b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_grpc_exporter_test.cc
index 3ac174b691..364c59681b 100644
--- a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_grpc_exporter_test.cc
+++ b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_grpc_exporter_test.cc
@@ -1,49 +1,54 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#ifndef OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
-// Unfortunately as of 04/27/2021 the fix is NOT in the vcpkg snapshot of Google Test.
-// Remove above `#ifdef` once the GMock fix for C++20 is in the mainline.
-//
-// Please refer to this GitHub issue for additional details:
-// https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/2914
-// https://github.com/google/googletest/commit/61f010d703b32de9bfb20ab90ece38ab2f25977f
-//
-// If we compile using Visual Studio 2019 with `c++latest` (C++20) without the GMock fix,
-// then the compilation here fails in `gmock-actions.h` from:
-//   .\tools\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\include\gmock\gmock-actions.h(819):
-//   error C2653: 'result_of': is not a class or namespace name
-//
-// That is because `std::result_of` has been removed in C++20.
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_prefix.h"
-
-// Problematic code that pulls in Gmock and breaks with vs2019/c++latest :
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+#include <grpcpp/grpcpp.h>
+#include <grpcpp/security/server_credentials.h>
+#include <grpcpp/support/status.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <functional>
+#include <future>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/exporter_utils.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/recordable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+
+// clang-format off
+#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_prefix.h" // IWYU pragma: keep
 #  include "opentelemetry/proto/collector/trace/v1/trace_service_mock.grpc.pb.h"
-
 #  include "opentelemetry/proto/collector/trace/v1/trace_service.grpc.pb.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_suffix.h" // IWYU pragma: keep
+// clang-format on
 
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_suffix.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
-
-#  include <grpcpp/grpcpp.h>
-#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#  include <future>
-
-#  if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#    include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/env_variables.h"
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/env_variables.h"
 using opentelemetry::sdk::common::setenv;
 using opentelemetry::sdk::common::unsetenv;
-#  endif
+#endif
 
 using namespace testing;
 
@@ -59,14 +64,14 @@ class OtlpMockTraceServiceStub : public proto::collector::trace::v1::MockTraceSe
 {
 public:
 // Some old toolchains can only use gRPC 1.33 and it's experimental.
-#  if defined(GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MAJOR) && \
-      (GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MAJOR * 1000 + GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MINOR) >= 1039
+#if defined(GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MAJOR) && \
+    (GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MAJOR * 1000 + GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MINOR) >= 1039
   using async_interface_base =
       proto::collector::trace::v1::TraceService::StubInterface::async_interface;
-#  else
+#else
   using async_interface_base =
       proto::collector::trace::v1::TraceService::StubInterface::experimental_async_interface;
-#  endif
+#endif
 
   OtlpMockTraceServiceStub() : async_interface_(this) {}
 
@@ -86,23 +91,23 @@ class OtlpMockTraceServiceStub : public proto::collector::trace::v1::MockTraceSe
     }
 
 // Some old toolchains can only use gRPC 1.33 and it's experimental.
-#  if defined(GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MAJOR) &&                                      \
-          (GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MAJOR * 1000 + GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MINOR) >= 1039 || \
-      defined(GRPC_CALLBACK_API_NONEXPERIMENTAL)
+#if defined(GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MAJOR) &&                                      \
+        (GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MAJOR * 1000 + GRPC_CPP_VERSION_MINOR) >= 1039 || \
+    defined(GRPC_CALLBACK_API_NONEXPERIMENTAL)
     void Export(
         ::grpc::ClientContext * /*context*/,
         const ::opentelemetry::proto::collector::trace::v1::ExportTraceServiceRequest * /*request*/,
         ::opentelemetry::proto::collector::trace::v1::ExportTraceServiceResponse * /*response*/,
         ::grpc::ClientUnaryReactor * /*reactor*/) override
     {}
-#  else
+#else
     void Export(
         ::grpc::ClientContext * /*context*/,
         const ::opentelemetry::proto::collector::trace::v1::ExportTraceServiceRequest * /*request*/,
         ::opentelemetry::proto::collector::trace::v1::ExportTraceServiceResponse * /*response*/,
         ::grpc::experimental::ClientUnaryReactor * /*reactor*/)
     {}
-#  endif
+#endif
 
   private:
     OtlpMockTraceServiceStub *stub_;
@@ -188,12 +193,12 @@ TEST_F(OtlpGrpcExporterTestPeer, ExportUnitTest)
       .WillOnce(Return(grpc::Status::CANCELLED));
   result = exporter->Export(batch_2);
   exporter->ForceFlush();
-#  if defined(ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT)
+#if defined(ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT)
   EXPECT_EQ(sdk::common::ExportResult::kSuccess, result);
   EXPECT_FALSE(mock_stub->GetLastAsyncStatus().ok());
-#  else
+#else
   EXPECT_EQ(sdk::common::ExportResult::kFailure, result);
-#  endif
+#endif
 }
 
 // Create spans, let processor call Export()
@@ -242,7 +247,7 @@ TEST_F(OtlpGrpcExporterTestPeer, ConfigSslCredentialsTest)
   EXPECT_EQ(GetOptions(exporter).use_ssl_credentials, true);
 }
 
-#  ifndef NO_GETENV
+#ifndef NO_GETENV
 // Test exporter configuration options with use_ssl_credentials
 TEST_F(OtlpGrpcExporterTestPeer, ConfigFromEnv)
 {
@@ -402,9 +407,9 @@ TEST_F(OtlpGrpcExporterTestPeer, ConfigRetryGenericValuesFromEnv)
   unsetenv("OTEL_CPP_EXPORTER_OTLP_RETRY_MAX_BACKOFF");
   unsetenv("OTEL_CPP_EXPORTER_OTLP_RETRY_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER");
 }
-#  endif  // NO_GETENV
+#endif  // NO_GETENV
 
-#  ifdef ENABLE_OTLP_RETRY_PREVIEW
+#ifdef ENABLE_OTLP_RETRY_PREVIEW
 struct TestTraceService : public opentelemetry::proto::collector::trace::v1::TraceService::Service
 {
   TestTraceService(const std::vector<grpc::StatusCode> &status_codes) : status_codes_(status_codes)
@@ -558,9 +563,8 @@ TEST_P(OtlpGrpcExporterRetryIntegrationTests, StatusCodes)
 
   ASSERT_EQ(expected_attempts, service.request_count_);
 }
-#  endif  // ENABLE_OTLP_RETRY_PREVIEW
+#endif  // ENABLE_OTLP_RETRY_PREVIEW
 
 }  // namespace otlp
 }  // namespace exporter
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
-#endif /* OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION */
diff --git a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter_test.cc b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter_test.cc
index 098c2c85c0..b670846c01 100644
--- a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter_test.cc
+++ b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter_test.cc
@@ -1,45 +1,34 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#ifndef OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
-// Unfortunately as of 04/27/2021 the fix is NOT in the vcpkg snapshot of Google Test.
-// Remove above `#ifdef` once the GMock fix for C++20 is in the mainline.
-//
-// Please refer to this GitHub issue for additional details:
-// https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/2914
-// https://github.com/google/googletest/commit/61f010d703b32de9bfb20ab90ece38ab2f25977f
-//
-// If we compile using Visual Studio 2019 with `c++latest` (C++20) without the GMock fix,
-// then the compilation here fails in `gmock-actions.h` from:
-//   .\tools\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\include\gmock\gmock-actions.h(819):
-//   error C2653: 'result_of': is not a class or namespace name
-//
-// That is because `std::result_of` has been removed in C++20.
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_prefix.h"
-
-// Problematic code that pulls in Gmock and breaks with vs2019/c++latest :
-#  include "opentelemetry/proto/collector/metrics/v1/metrics_service_mock.grpc.pb.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_suffix.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_client.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_client_factory.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
-
-#  include <grpcpp/grpcpp.h>
-#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#  if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#    include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/env_variables.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_client.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_client_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_preferred_temporality.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/push_metric_exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+
+// clang-format off
+#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_prefix.h" // IWYU pragma: keep
+#  include "opentelemetry/proto/collector/metrics/v1/metrics_service.grpc.pb.h"
+#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_suffix.h" // IWYU pragma: keep
+// clang-format on
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/env_variables.h"
 using opentelemetry::sdk::common::setenv;
 using opentelemetry::sdk::common::unsetenv;
-#  endif
+#endif
 
 using namespace testing;
 
@@ -109,7 +98,7 @@ TEST_F(OtlpGrpcMetricExporterTestPeer, ConfigSslCredentialsTest)
   EXPECT_EQ(GetOptions(exporter).use_ssl_credentials, true);
 }
 
-#  ifndef NO_GETENV
+#ifndef NO_GETENV
 // Test exporter configuration options with use_ssl_credentials
 TEST_F(OtlpGrpcMetricExporterTestPeer, ConfigFromEnv)
 {
@@ -269,7 +258,7 @@ TEST_F(OtlpGrpcMetricExporterTestPeer, ConfigRetryGenericValuesFromEnv)
   unsetenv("OTEL_CPP_EXPORTER_OTLP_RETRY_MAX_BACKOFF");
   unsetenv("OTEL_CPP_EXPORTER_OTLP_RETRY_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER");
 }
-#  endif  // NO_GETENV
+#endif  // NO_GETENV
 
 TEST_F(OtlpGrpcMetricExporterTestPeer, CheckGetAggregationTemporality)
 {
@@ -303,4 +292,3 @@ TEST_F(OtlpGrpcMetricExporterTestPeer, CheckGetAggregationTemporality)
 }  // namespace otlp
 }  // namespace exporter
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
-#endif /* OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION */
diff --git a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_exporter_custom_client_test.cc b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_exporter_custom_client_test.cc
index e90088be7b..1b5edabf55 100644
--- a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_exporter_custom_client_test.cc
+++ b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_exporter_custom_client_test.cc
@@ -1,25 +1,33 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#ifndef OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
-
-#  include <chrono>
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_client.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_options.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_runtime_options.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor_options.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/http_client_test_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_factory_nosend.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_nosend.h"
-
-#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#  include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_client.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_runtime_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/thread_instrumentation.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/http_client_test_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_factory_nosend.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_nosend.h"
 
 using namespace testing;
 
@@ -148,5 +156,3 @@ TEST_F(OtlpHttpExporterCustomClientTestPeer, ExportCallsSendRequest)
 }  // namespace otlp
 }  // namespace exporter
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
-
-#endif  // OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
diff --git a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_exporter_test.cc b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_exporter_test.cc
index 3cbfa9d16c..2c08afccf3 100644
--- a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_exporter_test.cc
+++ b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_exporter_test.cc
@@ -1,44 +1,67 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#ifndef OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
-
-#  include <chrono>
-#  include <thread>
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_factory.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_prefix.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/proto/collector/trace/v1/trace_service.pb.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_suffix.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/ext/http/server/http_server.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor_options.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/http_client_test_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_nosend.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
-
-#  include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
-#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#  include "gmock/gmock.h"
-
-#  include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
-
-#  if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#    include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/env_variables.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
+
+#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_environment.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_client.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_exporter_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/ext/http/server/http_server.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/proto/trace/v1/trace.pb.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/exporter_utils.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/thread_instrumentation.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/resource.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/recordable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/simple_processor_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/http_client_test_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_nosend.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_startoptions.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+
+// clang-format off
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_prefix.h" // IWYU pragma: keep
+// IWYU pragma: no_include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/proto/collector/trace/v1/trace_service.pb.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_suffix.h" // IWYU pragma: keep
+// clang-format on
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/env_variables.h"
 using opentelemetry::sdk::common::setenv;
 using opentelemetry::sdk::common::unsetenv;
-#  endif
+#endif
 using namespace testing;
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
@@ -227,7 +250,7 @@ class OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer : public ::testing::Test
     EXPECT_GE(received_trace_id_counter, 1);
   }
 
-#  ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
+#ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
   void ExportJsonIntegrationTestAsync()
   {
     auto mock_otlp_client =
@@ -342,7 +365,7 @@ class OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer : public ::testing::Test
     // Exporting can be retried
     EXPECT_GE(received_trace_id_counter, 1);
   }
-#  endif
+#endif
 
   void ExportBinaryIntegrationTest()
   {
@@ -440,7 +463,7 @@ class OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer : public ::testing::Test
     EXPECT_GE(received_trace_id_counter, 1);
   }
 
-#  ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
+#ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
   void ExportBinaryIntegrationTestAsync()
   {
     auto mock_otlp_client =
@@ -540,7 +563,7 @@ class OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer : public ::testing::Test
     // Exporting can be retried
     EXPECT_GE(received_trace_id_counter, 1);
   }
-#  endif
+#endif
 };
 
 TEST(OtlpHttpExporterTest, Shutdown)
@@ -560,13 +583,13 @@ TEST_F(OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer, ExportJsonIntegrationTestSync)
   ExportJsonIntegrationTest();
 }
 
-#  ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
+#ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
 TEST_F(OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer, ExportJsonIntegrationTestAsync)
 {
   ExportJsonIntegrationTestAsync();
   google::protobuf::ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
 }
-#  endif
+#endif
 
 // Create spans, let processor call Export()
 TEST_F(OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer, ExportBinaryIntegrationTestSync)
@@ -574,12 +597,12 @@ TEST_F(OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer, ExportBinaryIntegrationTestSync)
   ExportBinaryIntegrationTest();
 }
 
-#  ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
+#ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
 TEST_F(OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer, ExportBinaryIntegrationTestAsync)
 {
   ExportBinaryIntegrationTestAsync();
 }
-#  endif
+#endif
 
 // Test exporter configuration options
 TEST_F(OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer, ConfigTest)
@@ -614,7 +637,7 @@ TEST(OtlpHttpExporterTest, ConfigDefaultProtocolTest)
   EXPECT_EQ(opts.content_type, HttpRequestContentType::kBinary);
 }
 
-#  ifndef NO_GETENV
+#ifndef NO_GETENV
 // Test exporter configuration options with use_ssl_credentials
 TEST_F(OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer, ConfigFromEnv)
 {
@@ -751,9 +774,9 @@ TEST_F(OtlpHttpExporterTestPeer, ConfigRetryGenericValuesFromEnv)
   unsetenv("OTEL_CPP_EXPORTER_OTLP_RETRY_MAX_BACKOFF");
   unsetenv("OTEL_CPP_EXPORTER_OTLP_RETRY_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER");
 }
-#  endif  // NO_GETENV
+#endif  // NO_GETENV
 
-#  ifdef ENABLE_OTLP_RETRY_PREVIEW
+#ifdef ENABLE_OTLP_RETRY_PREVIEW
 using StatusCodeVector = std::vector<int>;
 
 class OtlpHttpExporterRetryIntegrationTests
@@ -856,9 +879,8 @@ TEST_P(OtlpHttpExporterRetryIntegrationTests, StatusCodes)
 
   ASSERT_EQ(expected_attempts, request_count);
 }
-#  endif  // ENABLE_OTLP_RETRY_PREVIEW
+#endif  // ENABLE_OTLP_RETRY_PREVIEW
 
 }  // namespace otlp
 }  // namespace exporter
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
-#endif /* OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION */
diff --git a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_custom_client_test.cc b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_custom_client_test.cc
index 82645ab3e1..be61fc92b1 100644
--- a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_custom_client_test.cc
+++ b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_custom_client_test.cc
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#ifndef OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
 
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_options.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_runtime_options.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/http_client_test_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_factory_nosend.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_runtime_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
-#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/http_client_test_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_factory_nosend.h"
 
 namespace http_client = opentelemetry::ext::http::client;
 
@@ -60,5 +63,3 @@ TEST(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterCustomClientTest, RuntimeOptionsWithHttpClientCrea
 }  // namespace otlp
 }  // namespace exporter
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
-
-#endif  // OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
diff --git a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_test.cc b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_test.cc
index 3fca7a06ea..ca19af024f 100644
--- a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_test.cc
+++ b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_test.cc
@@ -1,41 +1,59 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#ifndef OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
-
-#  include <chrono>
-#  include <thread>
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_log_record_exporter.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_prefix.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/proto/collector/logs/v1/logs_service.pb.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_suffix.h"
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/ext/http/server/http_server.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/logs/provider.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/batch_log_record_processor.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/exporter.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/logger_provider.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/resource.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/http_client_test_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_nosend.h"
-
-#  include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
-#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#  include "gmock/gmock.h"
-
-#  include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
-
-#  if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#    include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/env_variables.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
+
+#include "opentelemetry/common/key_value_iterable_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_environment.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_client.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_log_record_exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_log_record_exporter_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/logger.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/severity.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/proto/common/v1/common.pb.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/proto/logs/v1/logs.pb.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/exporter_utils.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/thread_instrumentation.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/batch_log_record_processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/batch_log_record_processor_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/logger_provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/recordable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/http_client_test_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_nosend.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_flags.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+
+// clang-format off
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_prefix.h" // IWYU pragma: keep
+// IWYU pragma: no_include <google/protobuf/repeated_ptr_field.h>
+// IWYU pragma: no_include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/proto/collector/logs/v1/logs_service.pb.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/protobuf_include_suffix.h" // IWYU pragma: keep
+// clang-format on
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/env_variables.h"
 using opentelemetry::sdk::common::setenv;
 using opentelemetry::sdk::common::unsetenv;
-#  endif
+#endif
 
 using namespace testing;
 
@@ -244,7 +262,7 @@ class OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer : public ::testing::Test
     EXPECT_GE(received_record_counter, 1);
   }
 
-#  ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
+#ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
   void ExportJsonIntegrationTestAsync()
   {
     auto mock_otlp_client = OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer::GetMockOtlpHttpClient(
@@ -390,7 +408,7 @@ class OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer : public ::testing::Test
     // Exporting can be retried
     EXPECT_GE(received_record_counter, 1);
   }
-#  endif
+#endif
 
   void ExportBinaryIntegrationTest()
   {
@@ -518,7 +536,7 @@ class OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer : public ::testing::Test
     EXPECT_GE(received_record_counter, 1);
   }
 
-#  ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
+#ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
   void ExportBinaryIntegrationTestAsync()
   {
     auto mock_otlp_client = OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer::GetMockOtlpHttpClient(
@@ -648,7 +666,7 @@ class OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer : public ::testing::Test
     // Exporting can be retried
     EXPECT_GE(received_record_counter, 1);
   }
-#  endif
+#endif
 };
 
 TEST(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTest, Shutdown)
@@ -669,13 +687,13 @@ TEST_F(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer, ExportJsonIntegrationTestSync)
   ExportJsonIntegrationTest();
 }
 
-#  ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
+#ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
 TEST_F(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer, ExportJsonIntegrationTestAsync)
 {
   ExportJsonIntegrationTestAsync();
   google::protobuf::ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
 }
-#  endif
+#endif
 
 // Create log records, let processor call Export()
 TEST_F(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer, ExportBinaryIntegrationTestSync)
@@ -683,12 +701,12 @@ TEST_F(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer, ExportBinaryIntegrationTestSync)
   ExportBinaryIntegrationTest();
 }
 
-#  ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
+#ifdef ENABLE_ASYNC_EXPORT
 TEST_F(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer, ExportBinaryIntegrationTestAsync)
 {
   ExportBinaryIntegrationTestAsync();
 }
-#  endif
+#endif
 
 // Test exporter configuration options
 TEST_F(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer, ConfigTest)
@@ -723,7 +741,7 @@ TEST(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTest, ConfigDefaultProtocolTest)
   EXPECT_EQ(opts.content_type, HttpRequestContentType::kBinary);
 }
 
-#  ifndef NO_GETENV
+#ifndef NO_GETENV
 // Test exporter configuration options with use_ssl_credentials
 TEST_F(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer, ConfigFromEnv)
 {
@@ -867,9 +885,8 @@ TEST_F(OtlpHttpLogRecordExporterTestPeer, ConfigRetryGenericValuesFromEnv)
   unsetenv("OTEL_CPP_EXPORTER_OTLP_RETRY_MAX_BACKOFF");
   unsetenv("OTEL_CPP_EXPORTER_OTLP_RETRY_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER");
 }
-#  endif  // NO_GETENV
+#endif  // NO_GETENV
 
 }  // namespace otlp
 }  // namespace exporter
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
-#endif /* OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION */
diff --git a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_metric_exporter_custom_client_test.cc b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_metric_exporter_custom_client_test.cc
index 58cbfe28e8..96f3c59c75 100644
--- a/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_metric_exporter_custom_client_test.cc
+++ b/exporters/otlp/test/otlp_http_metric_exporter_custom_client_test.cc
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#ifndef OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
 
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_metric_exporter_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_metric_exporter_options.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_metric_exporter_runtime_options.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/http_client_test_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_factory_nosend.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_metric_exporter_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_metric_exporter_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_http_metric_exporter_runtime_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/push_metric_exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
-#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/http_client_test_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_factory_nosend.h"
 
 namespace http_client = opentelemetry::ext::http::client;
 
@@ -60,5 +63,3 @@ TEST(OtlpHttpMetricExporterCustomClientTest, RuntimeOptionsWithHttpClientCreates
 }  // namespace otlp
 }  // namespace exporter
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
-
-#endif  // OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
diff --git a/exporters/zipkin/include/opentelemetry/exporters/zipkin/zipkin_exporter.h b/exporters/zipkin/include/opentelemetry/exporters/zipkin/zipkin_exporter.h
index cb4d8f099b..8fdd99bff4 100644
--- a/exporters/zipkin/include/opentelemetry/exporters/zipkin/zipkin_exporter.h
+++ b/exporters/zipkin/include/opentelemetry/exporters/zipkin/zipkin_exporter.h
@@ -13,10 +13,7 @@
 #include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client_factory.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/ext/http/common/url_parser.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/exporter_utils.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/exporter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/recordable.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/version.h"
 
 OPENTELEMETRY_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/exporters/zipkin/test/zipkin_exporter_test.cc b/exporters/zipkin/test/zipkin_exporter_test.cc
index 086357c07f..3d5718ac38 100644
--- a/exporters/zipkin/test/zipkin_exporter_test.cc
+++ b/exporters/zipkin/test/zipkin_exporter_test.cc
@@ -1,31 +1,51 @@
 // Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-#ifndef OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION
-
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/zipkin/zipkin_exporter.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/exporters/zipkin/zipkin_exporter_factory.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/curl/http_client_curl.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/ext/http/server/http_server.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor_options.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_factory_nosend.h"
-#  include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
-
-#  include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#  include "gmock/gmock.h"
-
-#  include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
-
-#  include <string>
-#  include <utility>
-
-#  if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#    include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/env_variables.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
+
+#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/zipkin/zipkin_exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/zipkin/zipkin_exporter_factory.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/exporters/zipkin/zipkin_exporter_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/curl/http_client_curl.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/ext/http/client/http_client.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/shared_ptr.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/exporter_utils.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/resource.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor_options.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/exporter.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/recordable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_startoptions.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/trace_id.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/tracer_provider.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/version.h"
+
+#include "opentelemetry/test_common/ext/http/client/nosend/http_client_factory_nosend.h"
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/env_variables.h"
 using opentelemetry::sdk::common::setenv;
 using opentelemetry::sdk::common::unsetenv;
-#  endif
+#endif
 namespace sdk_common = opentelemetry::sdk::common;
 using namespace testing;
 
@@ -211,7 +231,7 @@ TEST_F(ZipkinExporterTestPeer, ConfigTest)
   EXPECT_EQ(GetOptions(exporter).endpoint, "http://localhost:45455/v1/traces");
 }
 
-#  ifndef NO_GETENV
+#ifndef NO_GETENV
 // Test exporter configuration options from env
 TEST_F(ZipkinExporterTestPeer, ConfigFromEnv)
 {
@@ -224,7 +244,7 @@ TEST_F(ZipkinExporterTestPeer, ConfigFromEnv)
   unsetenv("OTEL_EXPORTER_ZIPKIN_ENDPOINT");
 }
 
-#  endif  // NO_GETENV
+#endif  // NO_GETENV
 
 TEST_F(ZipkinExporterTestPeer, FactoryInjectionCreatesExporter)
 {
@@ -247,4 +267,3 @@ TEST_F(ZipkinExporterTestPeer, HttpClientSyncInjectionCreatesExporter)
 }  // namespace zipkin
 }  // namespace exporter
 OPENTELEMETRY_END_NAMESPACE
-#endif /* OPENTELEMETRY_STL_VERSION */