diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 249ab8c2d5..7b036d513c 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ playwright-report/
 # Claude Code files
 .claude/
 CLAUDE.md
-
+docs/superpowers
+notes/
 .husky/post-checkout
 .husky/post-commit
 .husky/pre-push
diff --git a/docs/en/graphics/material/examples/shaderlab-05-advance.mdx b/docs/en/graphics/material/examples/shaderlab-05-advance.mdx
index 4a21ce1c25..4e8c257ea1 100644
--- a/docs/en/graphics/material/examples/shaderlab-05-advance.mdx
+++ b/docs/en/graphics/material/examples/shaderlab-05-advance.mdx
@@ -190,7 +190,6 @@ gl_FragColor = vec4(lighting, 1.0);
 
 The engine provides a rich set of built-in variables that can be used directly, such as transformation matrix variables:
 ```glsl
-mat4 renderer_LocalMat;    // Local transformation matrix
 mat4 renderer_ModelMat;    // Model matrix
 mat4 renderer_MVMat;       // Model-view matrix
 mat4 renderer_MVPMat;      // MVP matrix
diff --git a/docs/en/graphics/material/shaderAPI.mdx b/docs/en/graphics/material/shaderAPI.mdx
index f546447e19..63e646c37e 100644
--- a/docs/en/graphics/material/shaderAPI.mdx
+++ b/docs/en/graphics/material/shaderAPI.mdx
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ vec4 fog(vec4 color, vec3 positionVS);
 Provides system variables for model space, view space, world space, and camera coordinates:
 
 ```glsl
-mat4 renderer_LocalMat;
 mat4 renderer_ModelMat;
 mat4 camera_ViewMat;
 mat4 camera_ProjMat;
diff --git a/docs/en/graphics/material/variables.mdx b/docs/en/graphics/material/variables.mdx
index f64f02b3a3..779f86130b 100644
--- a/docs/en/graphics/material/variables.mdx
+++ b/docs/en/graphics/material/variables.mdx
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ Below are the engine's built-in variables for reference when writing Shaders:
 
 | Name              | Type | Description                  |
 | :---------------- | :--- | :--------------------------- |
-| renderer_LocalMat | mat4 | Model local coordinate matrix |
 | renderer_ModelMat | mat4 | Model world coordinate matrix |
 | renderer_MVMat    | mat4 | Model view matrix            |
 | renderer_MVPMat   | mat4 | Model view projection matrix |
diff --git a/docs/en/script/edit.mdx b/docs/en/script/edit.mdx
index 60feec35e5..95c8561a11 100644
--- a/docs/en/script/edit.mdx
+++ b/docs/en/script/edit.mdx
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ For more information about the code editor, please check [Code Editor](/en/docs/
 
 After creating a script asset in the scene editor, double-click the script to open the code editor. Scripts in Galacean need to be written in [Typescript](https://www.typescriptlang.org/), and new scripts are created based on built-in templates by default. Additionally, the Galacean code editor is based on Monaco, with shortcuts similar to VSCode. After modifying the script, press `Ctrl/⌘ + S` to save, and the real-time preview area on the right will show the latest scene effects.
 
-> Tip: The Galacean code editor currently supports `.ts`, `.gs`, and `.glsl` file editing.
+> Tip: The Galacean code editor currently supports `.ts`, `.shader`, and `.glsl` file editing.
 
 ## File Preview
 
 <Image src="https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/huamei_fvsq9p/afts/img/A*o51FQa9Uh0MAAAAAAAAAAAAADqiTAQ/original" />
 
 1. **File Search** Quickly search for files in the project
-2. **Code Filter** Whether to display only code files ( `.ts`, `.gs`, `.glsl` ) in the file tree
+2. **Code Filter** Whether to display only code files ( `.ts`, `.shader`, `.glsl` ) in the file tree
 3. **Built-in Files** Used to display which files are non-editable internal files
 4. **Expand/Hide** Toggle the expansion or hiding of folders
 5. **Code Files** Editable code files will display corresponding file type thumbnails
diff --git a/docs/zh/graphics/material/examples/shaderlab-05-advance.mdx b/docs/zh/graphics/material/examples/shaderlab-05-advance.mdx
index c2d4d779dc..a9490581ac 100644
--- a/docs/zh/graphics/material/examples/shaderlab-05-advance.mdx
+++ b/docs/zh/graphics/material/examples/shaderlab-05-advance.mdx
@@ -193,7 +193,6 @@ void frag() {
 
 引擎提供了丰富的内置变量，直接声明使用即可，比如变换矩阵相关变量：
 ```glsl
-mat4 renderer_LocalMat;    // 本地变换矩阵
 mat4 renderer_ModelMat;    // 模型矩阵
 mat4 renderer_MVMat;       // 模型视图矩阵
 mat4 renderer_MVPMat;      // MVP矩阵
diff --git a/docs/zh/graphics/material/shaderAPI.mdx b/docs/zh/graphics/material/shaderAPI.mdx
index d6fcd4ac25..0c0879054b 100644
--- a/docs/zh/graphics/material/shaderAPI.mdx
+++ b/docs/zh/graphics/material/shaderAPI.mdx
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ vec4 fog(vec4 color, vec3 positionVS);
 提供了模型空间、视图空间、世界空间、相机坐标等[系统变量](/docs/graphics/material/variables/):
 
 ```glsl
-mat4 renderer_LocalMat;
 mat4 renderer_ModelMat;
 mat4 camera_ViewMat;
 mat4 camera_ProjMat;
diff --git a/docs/zh/graphics/material/variables.mdx b/docs/zh/graphics/material/variables.mdx
index 6059e0d0e1..48deab814b 100644
--- a/docs/zh/graphics/material/variables.mdx
+++ b/docs/zh/graphics/material/variables.mdx
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ Shader 代码中会经常用到内置变量，一种是**逐顶点**的 `attribu
 
 | 名字               | 类型 | 解释               |
 | :----------------- | :--- | ------------------ |
-| renderer_LocalMat  | mat4 | 模型本地坐标系矩阵 |
 | renderer_ModelMat  | mat4 | 模型世界坐标系矩阵 |
 | renderer_MVMat     | mat4 | 模型视口矩阵       |
 | renderer_MVPMat    | mat4 | 模型视口投影矩阵   |
diff --git a/docs/zh/script/edit.mdx b/docs/zh/script/edit.mdx
index 28cdd108a5..4cb0255eff 100644
--- a/docs/zh/script/edit.mdx
+++ b/docs/zh/script/edit.mdx
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ Galacean Editor 提供了一个功能强大的代码编辑器，提供了代码
 
 在场景编辑器中创建脚本资产后，双击该脚本即可打开代码编辑器。Galacean 中的脚本需使用 [Typescript](https://www.typescriptlang.org/) 语言编写，同时新脚本默认基于内置模板创建。另外，Galacean 的代码编辑器基于 Monaco，快捷键与 VSCode 类似。修改脚本后，按 `Ctrl/⌘ + S` 保存，右侧实时预览区展现最新场景效果。
 
-> 提示：Galacean 代码编辑器目前支持 `.ts` `.gs` 和 `.glsl` 的文件编辑
+> 提示：Galacean 代码编辑器目前支持 `.ts` `.shader` 和 `.glsl` 的文件编辑
 
 ## 文件预览
 
 <Image src="https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/huamei_fvsq9p/afts/img/A*o51FQa9Uh0MAAAAAAAAAAAAADqiTAQ/original" />
 
 1. **文件搜索** 可快速搜索项目中的文件
-2. **代码筛选** 文件树是否仅显示代码文件 ( `.ts` `.gs` `.glsl` )
+2. **代码筛选** 文件树是否仅显示代码文件 ( `.ts` `.shader` `.glsl` )
 3. **内置文件** 用来显示哪些文件是不可编辑的内部文件
 4. **展开/隐藏** 可切换文件夹的展开或隐藏
 5. **代码文件** 可编辑的代码文件会显示对应的文件类型的缩略图标
diff --git a/e2e/.dev/physx.release.js b/e2e/.dev/physx.release.js
index 426e4ca185..f816e9dce3 100644
--- a/e2e/.dev/physx.release.js
+++ b/e2e/.dev/physx.release.js
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-var PHYSX=(()=>{var _scriptName=globalThis.document?.currentScript?.src;return async function(moduleArg={}){var moduleRtn;var Module=moduleArg;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB=!!globalThis.window;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER=!!globalThis.WorkerGlobalScope;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE=globalThis.process?.versions?.node&&globalThis.process?.type!="renderer";var arguments_=[];var thisProgram="./this.program";var quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{throw toThrow};if(typeof __filename!="undefined"){_scriptName=__filename}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){_scriptName=self.location.href}var scriptDirectory="";function locateFile(path){if(Module["locateFile"]){return Module["locateFile"](path,scriptDirectory)}return scriptDirectory+path}var readAsync,readBinary;if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){var fs=require("node:fs");scriptDirectory=__dirname+"/";readBinary=filename=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename);return ret};readAsync=async(filename,binary=true)=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename,binary?undefined:"utf8");return ret};if(process.argv.length>1){thisProgram=process.argv[1].replace(/\\/g,"/")}arguments_=process.argv.slice(2);quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{process.exitCode=status;throw toThrow}}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB||ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){try{scriptDirectory=new URL(".",_scriptName).href}catch{}{if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){readBinary=url=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,false);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.send(null);return new Uint8Array(xhr.response)}}readAsync=async url=>{if(isFileURI(url)){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,true);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.onload=()=>{if(xhr.status==200||xhr.status==0&&xhr.response){resolve(xhr.response);return}reject(xhr.status)};xhr.onerror=reject;xhr.send(null)})}var response=await fetch(url,{credentials:"same-origin"});if(response.ok){return response.arrayBuffer()}throw new Error(response.status+" : "+response.url)}}}else{}var out=console.log.bind(console);var err=console.error.bind(console);var wasmBinary;var ABORT=false;var EXITSTATUS;var isFileURI=filename=>filename.startsWith("file://");var readyPromiseResolve,readyPromiseReject;var HEAP8,HEAPU8,HEAP16,HEAPU16,HEAP32,HEAPU32,HEAPF32,HEAPF64;var HEAP64,HEAPU64;var runtimeInitialized=false;function updateMemoryViews(){var b=wasmMemory.buffer;HEAP8=new Int8Array(b);HEAP16=new Int16Array(b);HEAPU8=new Uint8Array(b);Module["HEAPU16"]=HEAPU16=new Uint16Array(b);HEAP32=new Int32Array(b);Module["HEAPU32"]=HEAPU32=new Uint32Array(b);Module["HEAPF32"]=HEAPF32=new Float32Array(b);HEAPF64=new Float64Array(b);HEAP64=new BigInt64Array(b);HEAPU64=new BigUint64Array(b)}function preRun(){if(Module["preRun"]){if(typeof Module["preRun"]=="function")Module["preRun"]=[Module["preRun"]];while(Module["preRun"].length){addOnPreRun(Module["preRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPreRuns)}function initRuntime(){runtimeInitialized=true;wasmExports["P"]()}function postRun(){if(Module["postRun"]){if(typeof Module["postRun"]=="function")Module["postRun"]=[Module["postRun"]];while(Module["postRun"].length){addOnPostRun(Module["postRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPostRuns)}function abort(what){Module["onAbort"]?.(what);what="Aborted("+what+")";err(what);ABORT=true;what+=". Build with -sASSERTIONS for more info.";var e=new WebAssembly.RuntimeError(what);readyPromiseReject?.(e);throw e}var wasmBinaryFile;function findWasmBinary(){return "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/rms/afts/file/A*RkDQSaUOhxsAAAAAgCAAAAgAehQnAQ/physx.release.wasm"}function getBinarySync(file){if(file==wasmBinaryFile&&wasmBinary){return new Uint8Array(wasmBinary)}if(readBinary){return readBinary(file)}throw"both async and sync fetching of the wasm failed"}async function getWasmBinary(binaryFile){if(!wasmBinary){try{var response=await readAsync(binaryFile);return new Uint8Array(response)}catch{}}return getBinarySync(binaryFile)}async function instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports){try{var binary=await getWasmBinary(binaryFile);var instance=await WebAssembly.instantiate(binary,imports);return instance}catch(reason){err(`failed to asynchronously prepare wasm: ${reason}`);abort(reason)}}async function instantiateAsync(binary,binaryFile,imports){if(!binary&&!isFileURI(binaryFile)&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){try{var response=fetch(binaryFile,{credentials:"same-origin"});var instantiationResult=await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(response,imports);return instantiationResult}catch(reason){err(`wasm streaming compile failed: ${reason}`);err("falling back to ArrayBuffer instantiation")}}return instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports)}function getWasmImports(){var imports={a:wasmImports};return imports}async function createWasm(){function receiveInstance(instance,module){wasmExports=instance.exports;assignWasmExports(wasmExports);updateMemoryViews();return wasmExports}function receiveInstantiationResult(result){return receiveInstance(result["instance"])}var info=getWasmImports();if(Module["instantiateWasm"]){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{Module["instantiateWasm"](info,(inst,mod)=>{resolve(receiveInstance(inst,mod))})})}wasmBinaryFile??=findWasmBinary();var result=await instantiateAsync(wasmBinary,wasmBinaryFile,info);var exports=receiveInstantiationResult(result);return exports}class ExitStatus{name="ExitStatus";constructor(status){this.message=`Program terminated with exit(${status})`;this.status=status}}var callRuntimeCallbacks=callbacks=>{while(callbacks.length>0){callbacks.shift()(Module)}};var onPostRuns=[];var addOnPostRun=cb=>onPostRuns.push(cb);var onPreRuns=[];var addOnPreRun=cb=>onPreRuns.push(cb);var noExitRuntime=true;var __abort_js=()=>abort("");var createNamedFunction=(name,func)=>Object.defineProperty(func,"name",{value:name});var emval_freelist=[];var emval_handles=[0,1,,1,null,1,true,1,false,1];var BindingError=class BindingError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="BindingError"}};var throwBindingError=message=>{throw new BindingError(message)};var Emval={toValue:handle=>{if(!handle){throwBindingError(`Cannot use deleted val. handle = ${handle}`)}return emval_handles[handle]},toHandle:value=>{switch(value){case undefined:return 2;case null:return 4;case true:return 6;case false:return 8;default:{const handle=emval_freelist.pop()||emval_handles.length;emval_handles[handle]=value;emval_handles[handle+1]=1;return handle}}}};class PureVirtualError extends Error{}var AsciiToString=ptr=>{var str="";while(1){var ch=HEAPU8[ptr++];if(!ch)return str;str+=String.fromCharCode(ch)}};var registeredInstances={};var getBasestPointer=(class_,ptr)=>{if(ptr===undefined){throwBindingError("ptr should not be undefined")}while(class_.baseClass){ptr=class_.upcast(ptr);class_=class_.baseClass}return ptr};var registerInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr,instance)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){throwBindingError(`Tried to register registered instance: ${ptr}`)}else{registeredInstances[ptr]=instance}};var registeredTypes={};var getTypeName=type=>{var ptr=___getTypeName(type);var rv=AsciiToString(ptr);_free(ptr);return rv};var requireRegisteredType=(rawType,humanName)=>{var impl=registeredTypes[rawType];if(undefined===impl){throwBindingError(`${humanName} has unknown type ${getTypeName(rawType)}`)}return impl};var unregisterInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){delete registeredInstances[ptr]}else{throwBindingError(`Tried to unregister unregistered instance: ${ptr}`)}};var detachFinalizer=handle=>{};var finalizationRegistry=false;var runDestructor=$$=>{if($$.smartPtr){$$.smartPtrType.rawDestructor($$.smartPtr)}else{$$.ptrType.registeredClass.rawDestructor($$.ptr)}};var releaseClassHandle=$$=>{$$.count.value-=1;var toDelete=0===$$.count.value;if(toDelete){runDestructor($$)}};var attachFinalizer=handle=>{if(!globalThis.FinalizationRegistry){attachFinalizer=handle=>handle;return handle}finalizationRegistry=new FinalizationRegistry(info=>{releaseClassHandle(info.$$)});attachFinalizer=handle=>{var $$=handle.$$;var hasSmartPtr=!!$$.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtr){var info={$$};finalizationRegistry.register(handle,info,handle)}return handle};detachFinalizer=handle=>finalizationRegistry.unregister(handle);return attachFinalizer(handle)};var __embind_create_inheriting_constructor=(constructorName,wrapperType,properties)=>{constructorName=AsciiToString(constructorName);wrapperType=requireRegisteredType(wrapperType,"wrapper");properties=Emval.toValue(properties);var registeredClass=wrapperType.registeredClass;var wrapperPrototype=registeredClass.instancePrototype;var baseClass=registeredClass.baseClass;var baseClassPrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype;var baseConstructor=registeredClass.baseClass.constructor;var ctor=createNamedFunction(constructorName,function(...args){for(var name of registeredClass.baseClass.pureVirtualFunctions){if(this[name]===baseClassPrototype[name]){throw new PureVirtualError(`Pure virtual function ${name} must be implemented in JavaScript`)}}Object.defineProperty(this,"__parent",{value:wrapperPrototype});this["__construct"](...args)});wrapperPrototype["__construct"]=function __construct(...args){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __construct")}var inner=baseConstructor["implement"](this,...args);detachFinalizer(inner);var $$=inner.$$;inner["notifyOnDestruction"]();$$.preservePointerOnDelete=true;Object.defineProperties(this,{$$:{value:$$}});attachFinalizer(this);registerInheritedInstance(registeredClass,$$.ptr,this)};wrapperPrototype["__destruct"]=function __destruct(){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __destruct")}detachFinalizer(this);unregisterInheritedInstance(registeredClass,this.$$.ptr)};ctor.prototype=Object.create(wrapperPrototype);Object.assign(ctor.prototype,properties);return Emval.toHandle(ctor)};var structRegistrations={};var runDestructors=destructors=>{while(destructors.length){var ptr=destructors.pop();var del=destructors.pop();del(ptr)}};function readPointer(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])}var awaitingDependencies={};var typeDependencies={};var InternalError=class InternalError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="InternalError"}};var throwInternalError=message=>{throw new InternalError(message)};var whenDependentTypesAreResolved=(myTypes,dependentTypes,getTypeConverters)=>{myTypes.forEach(type=>typeDependencies[type]=dependentTypes);function onComplete(typeConverters){var myTypeConverters=getTypeConverters(typeConverters);if(myTypeConverters.length!==myTypes.length){throwInternalError("Mismatched type converter count")}for(var i=0;i<myTypes.length;++i){registerType(myTypes[i],myTypeConverters[i])}}var typeConverters=new Array(dependentTypes.length);var unregisteredTypes=[];var registered=0;for(let[i,dt]of dependentTypes.entries()){if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(dt)){typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt]}else{unregisteredTypes.push(dt);if(!awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(dt)){awaitingDependencies[dt]=[]}awaitingDependencies[dt].push(()=>{typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt];++registered;if(registered===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}})}}if(0===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}};var __embind_finalize_value_object=structType=>{var reg=structRegistrations[structType];delete structRegistrations[structType];var rawConstructor=reg.rawConstructor;var rawDestructor=reg.rawDestructor;var fieldRecords=reg.fields;var fieldTypes=fieldRecords.map(field=>field.getterReturnType).concat(fieldRecords.map(field=>field.setterArgumentType));whenDependentTypesAreResolved([structType],fieldTypes,fieldTypes=>{var fields={};for(var[i,field]of fieldRecords.entries()){const getterReturnType=fieldTypes[i];const getter=field.getter;const getterContext=field.getterContext;const setterArgumentType=fieldTypes[i+fieldRecords.length];const setter=field.setter;const setterContext=field.setterContext;fields[field.fieldName]={read:ptr=>getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr)),write:(ptr,o)=>{var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,o));runDestructors(destructors)},optional:getterReturnType.optional}}return[{name:reg.name,fromWireType:ptr=>{var rv={};for(var i in fields){rv[i]=fields[i].read(ptr)}rawDestructor(ptr);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,o)=>{for(var fieldName in fields){if(!(fieldName in o)&&!fields[fieldName].optional){throw new TypeError(`Missing field: "${fieldName}"`)}}var ptr=rawConstructor();for(fieldName in fields){fields[fieldName].write(ptr,o[fieldName])}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:rawDestructor}]})};function sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){var name=registeredInstance.name;if(!rawType){throwBindingError(`type "${name}" must have a positive integer typeid pointer`)}if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){if(options.ignoreDuplicateRegistrations){return}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot register type '${name}' twice`)}}registeredTypes[rawType]=registeredInstance;delete typeDependencies[rawType];if(awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){var callbacks=awaitingDependencies[rawType];delete awaitingDependencies[rawType];callbacks.forEach(cb=>cb())}}function registerType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){return sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options)}var integerReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?pointer=>HEAP8[pointer]:pointer=>HEAPU8[pointer];case 2:return signed?pointer=>HEAP16[pointer>>1]:pointer=>HEAPU16[pointer>>1];case 4:return signed?pointer=>HEAP32[pointer>>2]:pointer=>HEAPU32[pointer>>2];case 8:return signed?pointer=>HEAP64[pointer>>3]:pointer=>HEAPU64[pointer>>3];default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_bigint=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0n;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){const bitSize=size*8;fromWireType=value=>BigInt.asUintN(bitSize,value);maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(typeof value=="number"){value=BigInt(value)}return value},readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,!isUnsignedType),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_bool=(rawType,name,trueValue,falseValue)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:function(wt){return!!wt},toWireType:function(destructors,o){return o?trueValue:falseValue},readValueFromPointer:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])},destructorFunction:null})};var shallowCopyInternalPointer=o=>({count:o.count,deleteScheduled:o.deleteScheduled,preservePointerOnDelete:o.preservePointerOnDelete,ptr:o.ptr,ptrType:o.ptrType,smartPtr:o.smartPtr,smartPtrType:o.smartPtrType});var throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted=obj=>{function getInstanceTypeName(handle){return handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass.name}throwBindingError(getInstanceTypeName(obj)+" instance already deleted")};var deletionQueue=[];var flushPendingDeletes=()=>{while(deletionQueue.length){var obj=deletionQueue.pop();obj.$$.deleteScheduled=false;obj["delete"]()}};var delayFunction;var init_ClassHandle=()=>{let proto=ClassHandle.prototype;Object.assign(proto,{isAliasOf(other){if(!(this instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}if(!(other instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}var leftClass=this.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var left=this.$$.ptr;other.$$=other.$$;var rightClass=other.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var right=other.$$.ptr;while(leftClass.baseClass){left=leftClass.upcast(left);leftClass=leftClass.baseClass}while(rightClass.baseClass){right=rightClass.upcast(right);rightClass=rightClass.baseClass}return leftClass===rightClass&&left===right},clone(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.count.value+=1;return this}else{var clone=attachFinalizer(Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this),{$$:{value:shallowCopyInternalPointer(this.$$)}}));clone.$$.count.value+=1;clone.$$.deleteScheduled=false;return clone}},delete(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}detachFinalizer(this);releaseClassHandle(this.$$);if(!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.smartPtr=undefined;this.$$.ptr=undefined}},isDeleted(){return!this.$$.ptr},deleteLater(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}deletionQueue.push(this);if(deletionQueue.length===1&&delayFunction){delayFunction(flushPendingDeletes)}this.$$.deleteScheduled=true;return this}});const symbolDispose=Symbol.dispose;if(symbolDispose){proto[symbolDispose]=proto["delete"]}};function ClassHandle(){}var registeredPointers={};var ensureOverloadTable=(proto,methodName,humanName)=>{if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){var prevFunc=proto[methodName];proto[methodName]=function(...args){if(!proto[methodName].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(args.length)){throwBindingError(`Function '${humanName}' called with an invalid number of arguments (${args.length}) - expects one of (${proto[methodName].overloadTable})!`)}return proto[methodName].overloadTable[args.length].apply(this,args)};proto[methodName].overloadTable=[];proto[methodName].overloadTable[prevFunc.argCount]=prevFunc}};var exposePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){if(undefined===numArguments||undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]){throwBindingError(`Cannot register public name '${name}' twice`)}ensureOverloadTable(Module,name,name);if(Module[name].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(numArguments)){throwBindingError(`Cannot register multiple overloads of a function with the same number of arguments (${numArguments})!`)}Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var char_0=48;var char_9=57;var makeLegalFunctionName=name=>{name=name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g,"$");var f=name.charCodeAt(0);if(f>=char_0&&f<=char_9){return`_${name}`}return name};function RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast){this.name=name;this.constructor=constructor;this.instancePrototype=instancePrototype;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;this.baseClass=baseClass;this.getActualType=getActualType;this.upcast=upcast;this.downcast=downcast;this.pureVirtualFunctions=[]}var upcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{while(ptrClass!==desiredClass){if(!ptrClass.upcast){throwBindingError(`Expected null or instance of ${desiredClass.name}, got an instance of ${ptrClass.name}`)}ptr=ptrClass.upcast(ptr);ptrClass=ptrClass.baseClass}return ptr};var embindRepr=v=>{if(v===null){return"null"}var t=typeof v;if(t==="object"||t==="array"||t==="function"){return v.toString()}else{return""+v}};function constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}function genericPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){var ptr;if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}if(this.isSmartPointer){ptr=this.rawConstructor();if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr}else{return 0}}if(!handle||!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(!this.isConst&&handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);if(this.isSmartPointer){if(undefined===handle.$$.smartPtr){throwBindingError("Passing raw pointer to smart pointer is illegal")}switch(this.sharingPolicy){case 0:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}break;case 1:ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr;break;case 2:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{var clonedHandle=handle["clone"]();ptr=this.rawShare(ptr,Emval.toHandle(()=>clonedHandle["delete"]()));if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}}break;default:throwBindingError("Unsupported sharing policy")}}return ptr}function nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}var downcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{if(ptrClass===desiredClass){return ptr}if(undefined===desiredClass.baseClass){return null}var rv=downcastPointer(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass.baseClass);if(rv===null){return null}return desiredClass.downcast(rv)};var getInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);return registeredInstances[ptr]};var makeClassHandle=(prototype,record)=>{if(!record.ptrType||!record.ptr){throwInternalError("makeClassHandle requires ptr and ptrType")}var hasSmartPtrType=!!record.smartPtrType;var hasSmartPtr=!!record.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtrType!==hasSmartPtr){throwInternalError("Both smartPtrType and smartPtr must be specified")}record.count={value:1};return attachFinalizer(Object.create(prototype,{$$:{value:record,writable:true}}))};function RegisteredPointer_fromWireType(ptr){var rawPointer=this.getPointee(ptr);if(!rawPointer){this.destructor(ptr);return null}var registeredInstance=getInheritedInstance(this.registeredClass,rawPointer);if(undefined!==registeredInstance){if(0===registeredInstance.$$.count.value){registeredInstance.$$.ptr=rawPointer;registeredInstance.$$.smartPtr=ptr;return registeredInstance["clone"]()}else{var rv=registeredInstance["clone"]();this.destructor(ptr);return rv}}function makeDefaultHandle(){if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this.pointeeType,ptr:rawPointer,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this,ptr})}}var actualType=this.registeredClass.getActualType(rawPointer);var registeredPointerRecord=registeredPointers[actualType];if(!registeredPointerRecord){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}var toType;if(this.isConst){toType=registeredPointerRecord.constPointerType}else{toType=registeredPointerRecord.pointerType}var dp=downcastPointer(rawPointer,this.registeredClass,toType.registeredClass);if(dp===null){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp})}}var init_RegisteredPointer=()=>{Object.assign(RegisteredPointer.prototype,{getPointee(ptr){if(this.rawGetPointee){ptr=this.rawGetPointee(ptr)}return ptr},destructor(ptr){this.rawDestructor?.(ptr)},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,fromWireType:RegisteredPointer_fromWireType})};function RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,isReference,isConst,isSmartPointer,pointeeType,sharingPolicy,rawGetPointee,rawConstructor,rawShare,rawDestructor){this.name=name;this.registeredClass=registeredClass;this.isReference=isReference;this.isConst=isConst;this.isSmartPointer=isSmartPointer;this.pointeeType=pointeeType;this.sharingPolicy=sharingPolicy;this.rawGetPointee=rawGetPointee;this.rawConstructor=rawConstructor;this.rawShare=rawShare;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;if(!isSmartPointer&&registeredClass.baseClass===undefined){if(isConst){this.toWireType=constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}else{this.toWireType=nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}}else{this.toWireType=genericPointerToWireType}}var replacePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(!Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){throwInternalError("Replacing nonexistent public symbol")}if(undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==numArguments){Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var wasmTableMirror=[];var getWasmTableEntry=funcPtr=>{var func=wasmTableMirror[funcPtr];if(!func){wasmTableMirror[funcPtr]=func=wasmTable.get(funcPtr)}return func};var embind__requireFunction=(signature,rawFunction,isAsync=false)=>{signature=AsciiToString(signature);function makeDynCaller(){var rtn=getWasmTableEntry(rawFunction);return rtn}var fp=makeDynCaller();if(typeof fp!="function"){throwBindingError(`unknown function pointer with signature ${signature}: ${rawFunction}`)}return fp};class UnboundTypeError extends Error{}var throwUnboundTypeError=(message,types)=>{var unboundTypes=[];var seen={};function visit(type){if(seen[type]){return}if(registeredTypes[type]){return}if(typeDependencies[type]){typeDependencies[type].forEach(visit);return}unboundTypes.push(type);seen[type]=true}types.forEach(visit);throw new UnboundTypeError(`${message}: `+unboundTypes.map(getTypeName).join([", "]))};var __embind_register_class=(rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType,baseClassRawType,getActualTypeSignature,getActualType,upcastSignature,upcast,downcastSignature,downcast,name,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);getActualType=embind__requireFunction(getActualTypeSignature,getActualType);upcast&&=embind__requireFunction(upcastSignature,upcast);downcast&&=embind__requireFunction(downcastSignature,downcast);rawDestructor=embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor);var legalFunctionName=makeLegalFunctionName(name);exposePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${name} due to unbound types`,[baseClassRawType])});whenDependentTypesAreResolved([rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType],baseClassRawType?[baseClassRawType]:[],base=>{base=base[0];var baseClass;var basePrototype;if(baseClassRawType){baseClass=base.registeredClass;basePrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype}else{basePrototype=ClassHandle.prototype}var constructor=createNamedFunction(name,function(...args){if(Object.getPrototypeOf(this)!==instancePrototype){throw new BindingError(`Use 'new' to construct ${name}`)}if(undefined===registeredClass.constructor_body){throw new BindingError(`${name} has no accessible constructor`)}var body=registeredClass.constructor_body[args.length];if(undefined===body){throw new BindingError(`Tried to invoke ctor of ${name} with invalid number of parameters (${args.length}) - expected (${Object.keys(registeredClass.constructor_body).toString()}) parameters instead!`)}return body.apply(this,args)});var instancePrototype=Object.create(basePrototype,{constructor:{value:constructor}});constructor.prototype=instancePrototype;var registeredClass=new RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast);if(registeredClass.baseClass){registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses??=[];registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses.push(registeredClass)}var referenceConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,true,false,false);var pointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+"*",registeredClass,false,false,false);var constPointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+" const*",registeredClass,false,true,false);registeredPointers[rawType]={pointerType:pointerConverter,constPointerType:constPointerConverter};replacePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,constructor);return[referenceConverter,pointerConverter,constPointerConverter]})};function usesDestructorStack(argTypes){for(var i=1;i<argTypes.length;++i){if(argTypes[i]!==null&&argTypes[i].destructorFunction===undefined){return true}}return false}function craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,cppInvokerFunc,cppTargetFunc,isAsync){var argCount=argTypes.length;if(argCount<2){throwBindingError("argTypes array size mismatch! Must at least get return value and 'this' types!")}var isClassMethodFunc=argTypes[1]!==null&&classType!==null;var needsDestructorStack=usesDestructorStack(argTypes);var returns=!argTypes[0].isVoid;var expectedArgCount=argCount-2;var argsWired=new Array(expectedArgCount);var invokerFuncArgs=[];var destructors=[];var invokerFn=function(...args){destructors.length=0;var thisWired;invokerFuncArgs.length=isClassMethodFunc?2:1;invokerFuncArgs[0]=cppTargetFunc;if(isClassMethodFunc){thisWired=argTypes[1].toWireType(destructors,this);invokerFuncArgs[1]=thisWired}for(var i=0;i<expectedArgCount;++i){argsWired[i]=argTypes[i+2].toWireType(destructors,args[i]);invokerFuncArgs.push(argsWired[i])}var rv=cppInvokerFunc(...invokerFuncArgs);function onDone(rv){if(needsDestructorStack){runDestructors(destructors)}else{for(var i=isClassMethodFunc?1:2;i<argTypes.length;i++){var param=i===1?thisWired:argsWired[i-2];if(argTypes[i].destructorFunction!==null){argTypes[i].destructorFunction(param)}}}if(returns){return argTypes[0].fromWireType(rv)}}return onDone(rv)};return createNamedFunction(humanName,invokerFn)}var heap32VectorToArray=(count,firstElement)=>{var array=[];for(var i=0;i<count;i++){array.push(HEAPU32[firstElement+i*4>>2])}return array};var getFunctionName=signature=>{signature=signature.trim();const argsIndex=signature.indexOf("(");if(argsIndex===-1)return signature;return signature.slice(0,argsIndex)};var __embind_register_class_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}var proto=classType.registeredClass.constructor;if(undefined===proto[methodName]){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));var func=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){func.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=func}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=func}if(classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){for(const derivedClass of classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){if(!derivedClass.constructor.hasOwnProperty(methodName)){derivedClass.constructor[methodName]=func}}}return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_constructor=(rawClassType,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,invoker,rawConstructor)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);invoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,invoker);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`constructor ${classType.name}`;if(undefined===classType.registeredClass.constructor_body){classType.registeredClass.constructor_body=[]}if(undefined!==classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]){throw new BindingError(`Cannot register multiple constructors with identical number of parameters (${argCount-1}) for class '${classType.name}'! Overload resolution is currently only performed using the parameter count, not actual type info!`)}classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=()=>{throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${classType.name} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)};whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{argTypes.splice(1,0,null);classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,null,invoker,rawConstructor);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,context,isPureVirtual,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}if(isPureVirtual){classType.registeredClass.pureVirtualFunctions.push(methodName)}function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}var proto=classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype;var method=proto[methodName];if(undefined===method||undefined===method.overloadTable&&method.className!==classType.name&&method.argCount===argCount-2){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-2;unboundTypesHandler.className=classType.name;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var memberFunction=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,rawInvoker,context,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){memberFunction.argCount=argCount-2;proto[methodName]=memberFunction}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=memberFunction}return[]});return[]})};var validateThis=(this_,classType,humanName)=>{if(!(this_ instanceof Object)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} with invalid "this": ${this_}`)}if(!(this_ instanceof classType.registeredClass.constructor)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} incompatible with "this" of type ${this_.constructor.name}`)}if(!this_.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`cannot call emscripten binding method ${humanName} on deleted object`)}return upcastPointer(this_.$$.ptr,this_.$$.ptrType.registeredClass,classType.registeredClass)};var __embind_register_class_property=(classType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{fieldName=AsciiToString(fieldName);getter=embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[classType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${fieldName}`;var desc={get(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])},enumerable:true,configurable:true};if(setter){desc.set=()=>throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])}else{desc.set=v=>throwBindingError(humanName+" is a read-only property")}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],setter?[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType]:[getterReturnType],types=>{var getterReturnType=types[0];var desc={get(){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" getter");return getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr))},enumerable:true};if(setter){setter=embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter);var setterArgumentType=types[1];desc.set=function(v){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" setter");var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,v));runDestructors(destructors)}}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_constant=(name,type,value)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[type],type=>{type=type[0];Module[name]=type.fromWireType(value);return[]})};var __emval_decref=handle=>{if(handle>9&&0===--emval_handles[handle+1]){emval_handles[handle]=undefined;emval_freelist.push(handle)}};var EmValType={name:"emscripten::val",fromWireType:handle=>{var rv=Emval.toValue(handle);__emval_decref(handle);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>Emval.toHandle(value),readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:null};var __embind_register_emval=rawType=>registerType(rawType,EmValType);var enumReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP8[pointer])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])};case 2:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP16[pointer>>1])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU16[pointer>>1])};case 4:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP32[pointer>>2])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};function getEnumValueType(rawValueType){return rawValueType===0?"object":rawValueType===1?"number":"string"}var __embind_register_enum=(rawType,name,size,isSigned,rawValueType)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const valueType=getEnumValueType(rawValueType);switch(valueType){case"object":{function ctor(){}ctor.values={};registerType(rawType,{name,constructor:ctor,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.constructor.values[c]},toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c.value,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,ctor);break}case"number":{var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:c=>c,toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}case"string":{var valuesMap={};var reverseMap={};var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,valuesMap,reverseMap,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.reverseMap[c]},toWireType:function(destructors,c){return this.valuesMap[c]},readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}}};var __embind_register_enum_value=(rawEnumType,name,enumValue)=>{var enumType=requireRegisteredType(rawEnumType,"enum");name=AsciiToString(name);switch(enumType.valueType){case"object":{var Enum=enumType.constructor;var Value=Object.create(enumType.constructor.prototype,{value:{value:enumValue},constructor:{value:createNamedFunction(`${enumType.name}_${name}`,function(){})}});Enum.values[enumValue]=Value;Enum[name]=Value;break}case"number":{enumType.keysMap[name]=enumValue;break}case"string":{enumType.valuesMap[name]=enumValue;enumType.reverseMap[enumValue]=name;enumType.keysMap[name]=name;break}}};var floatReadValueFromPointer=(name,width)=>{switch(width){case 4:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF32[pointer>>2])};case 8:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF64[pointer>>3])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid float width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_float=(rawType,name,size)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>value,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:floatReadValueFromPointer(name,size),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_function=(name,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,signature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var argTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);name=AsciiToString(name);name=getFunctionName(name);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(signature,rawInvoker,isAsync);exposePublicSymbol(name,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${name} due to unbound types`,argTypes)},argCount-1);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],argTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));replacePublicSymbol(name,craftInvokerFunction(name,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync),argCount-1);return[]})};var __embind_register_integer=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){var bitshift=32-8*size;fromWireType=value=>value<<bitshift>>>bitshift;maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,minRange!==0),destructorFunction:null})};var installIndexedIterator=(proto,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{const makeIterator=(size,getValue)=>{let index=0;return{next(){if(index>=size){return{done:true}}const current=index;index++;const value=getValue(current);return{value,done:false}},[Symbol.iterator](){return this}}};if(!proto[Symbol.iterator]){proto[Symbol.iterator]=function(){const size=this[sizeMethodName]();return makeIterator(size,i=>this[getMethodName](i))}}};var __embind_register_iterable=(rawClassType,rawElementType,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{sizeMethodName=AsciiToString(sizeMethodName);getMethodName=AsciiToString(getMethodName);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType,rawElementType],types=>{const classType=types[0];installIndexedIterator(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,sizeMethodName,getMethodName);return[]})};var __embind_register_memory_view=(rawType,dataTypeIndex,name)=>{var typeMapping=[Int8Array,Uint8Array,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array,BigInt64Array,BigUint64Array];var TA=typeMapping[dataTypeIndex];function decodeMemoryView(handle){var size=HEAPU32[handle>>2];var data=HEAPU32[handle+4>>2];return new TA(HEAP8.buffer,data,size)}name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:decodeMemoryView,readValueFromPointer:decodeMemoryView},{ignoreDuplicateRegistrations:true})};var EmValOptionalType=Object.assign({optional:true},EmValType);var __embind_register_optional=(rawOptionalType,rawType)=>{registerType(rawOptionalType,EmValOptionalType)};var stringToUTF8Array=(str,heap,outIdx,maxBytesToWrite)=>{if(!(maxBytesToWrite>0))return 0;var startIdx=outIdx;var endIdx=outIdx+maxBytesToWrite-1;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var u=str.codePointAt(i);if(u<=127){if(outIdx>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=u}else if(u<=2047){if(outIdx+1>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=192|u>>6;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else if(u<=65535){if(outIdx+2>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=224|u>>12;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else{if(outIdx+3>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=240|u>>18;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>12&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63;i++}}heap[outIdx]=0;return outIdx-startIdx};var stringToUTF8=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>stringToUTF8Array(str,HEAPU8,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite);var lengthBytesUTF8=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var c=str.charCodeAt(i);if(c<=127){len++}else if(c<=2047){len+=2}else if(c>=55296&&c<=57343){len+=4;++i}else{len+=3}}return len};var UTF8Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder&&new TextDecoder;var findStringEnd=(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var maxIdx=idx+maxBytesToRead;if(ignoreNul)return maxIdx;while(heapOrArray[idx]&&!(idx>=maxIdx))++idx;return idx};var UTF8ArrayToString=(heapOrArray,idx=0,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var endPtr=findStringEnd(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul);if(endPtr-idx>16&&heapOrArray.buffer&&UTF8Decoder){return UTF8Decoder.decode(heapOrArray.subarray(idx,endPtr))}var str="";while(idx<endPtr){var u0=heapOrArray[idx++];if(!(u0&128)){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0);continue}var u1=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&224)==192){str+=String.fromCharCode((u0&31)<<6|u1);continue}var u2=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&240)==224){u0=(u0&15)<<12|u1<<6|u2}else{u0=(u0&7)<<18|u1<<12|u2<<6|heapOrArray[idx++]&63}if(u0<65536){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0)}else{var ch=u0-65536;str+=String.fromCharCode(55296|ch>>10,56320|ch&1023)}}return str};var UTF8ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>ptr?UTF8ArrayToString(HEAPU8,ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul):"";var __embind_register_std_string=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var stdStringIsUTF8=true;registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType(value){var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var payload=value+4;var str;if(stdStringIsUTF8){str=UTF8ToString(payload,length,true)}else{str="";for(var i=0;i<length;++i){str+=String.fromCharCode(HEAPU8[payload+i])}}_free(value);return str},toWireType(destructors,value){if(value instanceof ArrayBuffer){value=new Uint8Array(value)}var length;var valueIsOfTypeString=typeof value=="string";if(!(valueIsOfTypeString||ArrayBuffer.isView(value)&&value.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT==1)){throwBindingError("Cannot pass non-string to std::string")}if(stdStringIsUTF8&&valueIsOfTypeString){length=lengthBytesUTF8(value)}else{length=value.length}var base=_malloc(4+length+1);var ptr=base+4;HEAPU32[base>>2]=length;if(valueIsOfTypeString){if(stdStringIsUTF8){stringToUTF8(value,ptr,length+1)}else{for(var i=0;i<length;++i){var charCode=value.charCodeAt(i);if(charCode>255){_free(base);throwBindingError("String has UTF-16 code units that do not fit in 8 bits")}HEAPU8[ptr+i]=charCode}}}else{HEAPU8.set(value,ptr)}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,base)}return base},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var UTF16Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder?new TextDecoder("utf-16le"):undefined;var UTF16ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var idx=ptr>>1;var endIdx=findStringEnd(HEAPU16,idx,maxBytesToRead/2,ignoreNul);if(endIdx-idx>16&&UTF16Decoder)return UTF16Decoder.decode(HEAPU16.subarray(idx,endIdx));var str="";for(var i=idx;i<endIdx;++i){var codeUnit=HEAPU16[i];str+=String.fromCharCode(codeUnit)}return str};var stringToUTF16=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<2)return 0;maxBytesToWrite-=2;var startPtr=outPtr;var numCharsToWrite=maxBytesToWrite<str.length*2?maxBytesToWrite/2:str.length;for(var i=0;i<numCharsToWrite;++i){var codeUnit=str.charCodeAt(i);HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=codeUnit;outPtr+=2}HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF16=str=>str.length*2;var UTF32ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var str="";var startIdx=ptr>>2;for(var i=0;!(i>=maxBytesToRead/4);i++){var utf32=HEAPU32[startIdx+i];if(!utf32&&!ignoreNul)break;str+=String.fromCodePoint(utf32)}return str};var stringToUTF32=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<4)return 0;var startPtr=outPtr;var endPtr=startPtr+maxBytesToWrite-4;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=codePoint;outPtr+=4;if(outPtr+4>endPtr)break}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF32=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}len+=4}return len};var __embind_register_std_wstring=(rawType,charSize,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var decodeString,encodeString,lengthBytesUTF;if(charSize===2){decodeString=UTF16ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF16;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF16}else{decodeString=UTF32ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF32;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF32}registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>{var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var str=decodeString(value+4,length*charSize,true);_free(value);return str},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(!(typeof value=="string")){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass non-string to C++ string type ${name}`)}var length=lengthBytesUTF(value);var ptr=_malloc(4+length+charSize);HEAPU32[ptr>>2]=length/charSize;encodeString(value,ptr+4,length+charSize);if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var __embind_register_value_object=(rawType,name,constructorSignature,rawConstructor,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{structRegistrations[rawType]={name:AsciiToString(name),rawConstructor:embind__requireFunction(constructorSignature,rawConstructor),rawDestructor:embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor),fields:[]}};var __embind_register_value_object_field=(structType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{structRegistrations[structType].fields.push({fieldName:AsciiToString(fieldName),getterReturnType,getter:embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter),getterContext,setterArgumentType,setter:embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter),setterContext})};var __embind_register_void=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{isVoid:true,name,fromWireType:()=>undefined,toWireType:(destructors,o)=>undefined})};var runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0;var __emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear=()=>{noExitRuntime=false;runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0};var emval_methodCallers=[];var emval_addMethodCaller=caller=>{var id=emval_methodCallers.length;emval_methodCallers.push(caller);return id};var emval_lookupTypes=(argCount,argTypes)=>{var a=new Array(argCount);for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){a[i]=requireRegisteredType(HEAPU32[argTypes+i*4>>2],`parameter ${i}`)}return a};var emval_returnValue=(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,handle)=>{var destructors=[];var result=toReturnWire(destructors,handle);if(destructors.length){HEAPU32[destructorsRef>>2]=Emval.toHandle(destructors)}return result};var emval_symbols={};var getStringOrSymbol=address=>{var symbol=emval_symbols[address];if(symbol===undefined){return AsciiToString(address)}return symbol};var __emval_create_invoker=(argCount,argTypesPtr,kind)=>{var GenericWireTypeSize=8;var[retType,...argTypes]=emval_lookupTypes(argCount,argTypesPtr);var toReturnWire=retType.toWireType.bind(retType);var argFromPtr=argTypes.map(type=>type.readValueFromPointer.bind(type));argCount--;var argN=new Array(argCount);var invokerFunction=(handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>{var offset=0;for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){argN[i]=argFromPtr[i](args+offset);offset+=GenericWireTypeSize}var rv;switch(kind){case 0:rv=Emval.toValue(handle).apply(null,argN);break;case 2:rv=Reflect.construct(Emval.toValue(handle),argN);break;case 3:rv=argN[0];break;case 1:rv=Emval.toValue(handle)[getStringOrSymbol(methodName)](...argN);break}return emval_returnValue(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,rv)};var functionName=`methodCaller<(${argTypes.map(t=>t.name)}) => ${retType.name}>`;return emval_addMethodCaller(createNamedFunction(functionName,invokerFunction))};var __emval_invoke=(caller,handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>emval_methodCallers[caller](handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args);var __emval_new_cstring=v=>Emval.toHandle(getStringOrSymbol(v));var __emval_new_object=()=>Emval.toHandle({});var __emval_run_destructors=handle=>{var destructors=Emval.toValue(handle);runDestructors(destructors);__emval_decref(handle)};var __emval_set_property=(handle,key,value)=>{handle=Emval.toValue(handle);key=Emval.toValue(key);value=Emval.toValue(value);handle[key]=value};var timers={};var handleException=e=>{if(e instanceof ExitStatus||e=="unwind"){return EXITSTATUS}quit_(1,e)};var keepRuntimeAlive=()=>noExitRuntime||runtimeKeepaliveCounter>0;var _proc_exit=code=>{EXITSTATUS=code;if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){Module["onExit"]?.(code);ABORT=true}quit_(code,new ExitStatus(code))};var exitJS=(status,implicit)=>{EXITSTATUS=status;_proc_exit(status)};var _exit=exitJS;var maybeExit=()=>{if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){try{_exit(EXITSTATUS)}catch(e){handleException(e)}}};var callUserCallback=func=>{if(ABORT){return}try{return func()}catch(e){handleException(e)}finally{maybeExit()}};var _emscripten_get_now=()=>performance.now();var __setitimer_js=(which,timeout_ms)=>{if(timers[which]){clearTimeout(timers[which].id);delete timers[which]}if(!timeout_ms)return 0;var id=setTimeout(()=>{delete timers[which];callUserCallback(()=>__emscripten_timeout(which,_emscripten_get_now()))},timeout_ms);timers[which]={id,timeout_ms};return 0};var _emscripten_date_now=()=>Date.now();var getHeapMax=()=>2147483648;var alignMemory=(size,alignment)=>Math.ceil(size/alignment)*alignment;var growMemory=size=>{var oldHeapSize=wasmMemory.buffer.byteLength;var pages=(size-oldHeapSize+65535)/65536|0;try{wasmMemory.grow(pages);updateMemoryViews();return 1}catch(e){}};var _emscripten_resize_heap=requestedSize=>{var oldSize=HEAPU8.length;requestedSize>>>=0;var maxHeapSize=getHeapMax();if(requestedSize>maxHeapSize){return false}for(var cutDown=1;cutDown<=4;cutDown*=2){var overGrownHeapSize=oldSize*(1+.2/cutDown);overGrownHeapSize=Math.min(overGrownHeapSize,requestedSize+100663296);var newSize=Math.min(maxHeapSize,alignMemory(Math.max(requestedSize,overGrownHeapSize),65536));var replacement=growMemory(newSize);if(replacement){return true}}return false};var printCharBuffers=[null,[],[]];var printChar=(stream,curr)=>{var buffer=printCharBuffers[stream];if(curr===0||curr===10){(stream===1?out:err)(UTF8ArrayToString(buffer));buffer.length=0}else{buffer.push(curr)}};var _fd_write=(fd,iov,iovcnt,pnum)=>{var num=0;for(var i=0;i<iovcnt;i++){var ptr=HEAPU32[iov>>2];var len=HEAPU32[iov+4>>2];iov+=8;for(var j=0;j<len;j++){printChar(fd,HEAPU8[ptr+j])}num+=len}HEAPU32[pnum>>2]=num;return 0};init_ClassHandle();init_RegisteredPointer();{if(Module["noExitRuntime"])noExitRuntime=Module["noExitRuntime"];if(Module["print"])out=Module["print"];if(Module["printErr"])err=Module["printErr"];if(Module["wasmBinary"])wasmBinary=Module["wasmBinary"];if(Module["arguments"])arguments_=Module["arguments"];if(Module["thisProgram"])thisProgram=Module["thisProgram"];if(Module["preInit"]){if(typeof Module["preInit"]=="function")Module["preInit"]=[Module["preInit"]];while(Module["preInit"].length>0){Module["preInit"].shift()()}}}var ___getTypeName,_free,_malloc,__emscripten_timeout,memory,__indirect_function_table,wasmMemory,wasmTable;function assignWasmExports(wasmExports){___getTypeName=wasmExports["Q"];_free=Module["_free"]=wasmExports["R"];_malloc=Module["_malloc"]=wasmExports["S"];__emscripten_timeout=wasmExports["U"];memory=wasmMemory=wasmExports["O"];__indirect_function_table=wasmTable=wasmExports["T"]}var wasmImports={J:__abort_js,x:__embind_create_inheriting_constructor,s:__embind_finalize_value_object,z:__embind_register_bigint,A:__embind_register_bool,b:__embind_register_class,p:__embind_register_class_class_function,e:__embind_register_class_constructor,a:__embind_register_class_function,d:__embind_register_class_property,K:__embind_register_constant,M:__embind_register_emval,l:__embind_register_enum,f:__embind_register_enum_value,y:__embind_register_float,g:__embind_register_function,o:__embind_register_integer,q:__embind_register_iterable,h:__embind_register_memory_view,r:__embind_register_optional,N:__embind_register_std_string,u:__embind_register_std_wstring,t:__embind_register_value_object,m:__embind_register_value_object_field,B:__embind_register_void,D:__emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear,k:__emval_create_invoker,n:__emval_decref,j:__emval_invoke,v:__emval_new_cstring,L:__emval_new_object,i:__emval_run_destructors,w:__emval_set_property,E:__setitimer_js,I:_emscripten_date_now,c:_emscripten_get_now,F:_emscripten_resize_heap,G:_exit,H:_fd_write,C:_proc_exit};function run(){preRun();function doRun(){Module["calledRun"]=true;if(ABORT)return;initRuntime();readyPromiseResolve?.(Module);Module["onRuntimeInitialized"]?.();postRun()}if(Module["setStatus"]){Module["setStatus"]("Running...");setTimeout(()=>{setTimeout(()=>Module["setStatus"](""),1);doRun()},1)}else{doRun()}}var wasmExports;wasmExports=await (createWasm());run();if(runtimeInitialized){moduleRtn=Module}else{moduleRtn=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{readyPromiseResolve=resolve;readyPromiseReject=reject})}
+var PHYSX=(()=>{var _scriptName=globalThis.document?.currentScript?.src;return async function(moduleArg={}){var moduleRtn;var Module=moduleArg;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB=!!globalThis.window;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER=!!globalThis.WorkerGlobalScope;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE=globalThis.process?.versions?.node&&globalThis.process?.type!="renderer";var arguments_=[];var thisProgram="./this.program";var quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{throw toThrow};if(typeof __filename!="undefined"){_scriptName=__filename}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){_scriptName=self.location.href}var scriptDirectory="";function locateFile(path){if(Module["locateFile"]){return Module["locateFile"](path,scriptDirectory)}return scriptDirectory+path}var readAsync,readBinary;if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){var fs=require("node:fs");scriptDirectory=__dirname+"/";readBinary=filename=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename);return ret};readAsync=async(filename,binary=true)=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename,binary?undefined:"utf8");return ret};if(process.argv.length>1){thisProgram=process.argv[1].replace(/\\/g,"/")}arguments_=process.argv.slice(2);quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{process.exitCode=status;throw toThrow}}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB||ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){try{scriptDirectory=new URL(".",_scriptName).href}catch{}{if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){readBinary=url=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,false);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.send(null);return new Uint8Array(xhr.response)}}readAsync=async url=>{if(isFileURI(url)){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,true);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.onload=()=>{if(xhr.status==200||xhr.status==0&&xhr.response){resolve(xhr.response);return}reject(xhr.status)};xhr.onerror=reject;xhr.send(null)})}var response=await fetch(url,{credentials:"same-origin"});if(response.ok){return response.arrayBuffer()}throw new Error(response.status+" : "+response.url)}}}else{}var out=console.log.bind(console);var err=console.error.bind(console);var wasmBinary;var ABORT=false;var EXITSTATUS;var isFileURI=filename=>filename.startsWith("file://");var readyPromiseResolve,readyPromiseReject;var HEAP8,HEAPU8,HEAP16,HEAPU16,HEAP32,HEAPU32,HEAPF32,HEAPF64;var HEAP64,HEAPU64;var runtimeInitialized=false;function updateMemoryViews(){var b=wasmMemory.buffer;HEAP8=new Int8Array(b);HEAP16=new Int16Array(b);HEAPU8=new Uint8Array(b);Module["HEAPU16"]=HEAPU16=new Uint16Array(b);HEAP32=new Int32Array(b);Module["HEAPU32"]=HEAPU32=new Uint32Array(b);Module["HEAPF32"]=HEAPF32=new Float32Array(b);HEAPF64=new Float64Array(b);HEAP64=new BigInt64Array(b);HEAPU64=new BigUint64Array(b)}function preRun(){if(Module["preRun"]){if(typeof Module["preRun"]=="function")Module["preRun"]=[Module["preRun"]];while(Module["preRun"].length){addOnPreRun(Module["preRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPreRuns)}function initRuntime(){runtimeInitialized=true;wasmExports["P"]()}function postRun(){if(Module["postRun"]){if(typeof Module["postRun"]=="function")Module["postRun"]=[Module["postRun"]];while(Module["postRun"].length){addOnPostRun(Module["postRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPostRuns)}function abort(what){Module["onAbort"]?.(what);what="Aborted("+what+")";err(what);ABORT=true;what+=". Build with -sASSERTIONS for more info.";var e=new WebAssembly.RuntimeError(what);readyPromiseReject?.(e);throw e}var wasmBinaryFile;function findWasmBinary(){return locateFile("physx.release.wasm")}function getBinarySync(file){if(file==wasmBinaryFile&&wasmBinary){return new Uint8Array(wasmBinary)}if(readBinary){return readBinary(file)}throw"both async and sync fetching of the wasm failed"}async function getWasmBinary(binaryFile){if(!wasmBinary){try{var response=await readAsync(binaryFile);return new Uint8Array(response)}catch{}}return getBinarySync(binaryFile)}async function instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports){try{var binary=await getWasmBinary(binaryFile);var instance=await WebAssembly.instantiate(binary,imports);return instance}catch(reason){err(`failed to asynchronously prepare wasm: ${reason}`);abort(reason)}}async function instantiateAsync(binary,binaryFile,imports){if(!binary&&!isFileURI(binaryFile)&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){try{var response=fetch(binaryFile,{credentials:"same-origin"});var instantiationResult=await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(response,imports);return instantiationResult}catch(reason){err(`wasm streaming compile failed: ${reason}`);err("falling back to ArrayBuffer instantiation")}}return instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports)}function getWasmImports(){var imports={a:wasmImports};return imports}async function createWasm(){function receiveInstance(instance,module){wasmExports=instance.exports;assignWasmExports(wasmExports);updateMemoryViews();return wasmExports}function receiveInstantiationResult(result){return receiveInstance(result["instance"])}var info=getWasmImports();if(Module["instantiateWasm"]){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{Module["instantiateWasm"](info,(inst,mod)=>{resolve(receiveInstance(inst,mod))})})}wasmBinaryFile??=findWasmBinary();var result=await instantiateAsync(wasmBinary,wasmBinaryFile,info);var exports=receiveInstantiationResult(result);return exports}class ExitStatus{name="ExitStatus";constructor(status){this.message=`Program terminated with exit(${status})`;this.status=status}}var callRuntimeCallbacks=callbacks=>{while(callbacks.length>0){callbacks.shift()(Module)}};var onPostRuns=[];var addOnPostRun=cb=>onPostRuns.push(cb);var onPreRuns=[];var addOnPreRun=cb=>onPreRuns.push(cb);var noExitRuntime=true;var __abort_js=()=>abort("");var createNamedFunction=(name,func)=>Object.defineProperty(func,"name",{value:name});var emval_freelist=[];var emval_handles=[0,1,,1,null,1,true,1,false,1];var BindingError=class BindingError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="BindingError"}};var throwBindingError=message=>{throw new BindingError(message)};var Emval={toValue:handle=>{if(!handle){throwBindingError(`Cannot use deleted val. handle = ${handle}`)}return emval_handles[handle]},toHandle:value=>{switch(value){case undefined:return 2;case null:return 4;case true:return 6;case false:return 8;default:{const handle=emval_freelist.pop()||emval_handles.length;emval_handles[handle]=value;emval_handles[handle+1]=1;return handle}}}};class PureVirtualError extends Error{}var AsciiToString=ptr=>{var str="";while(1){var ch=HEAPU8[ptr++];if(!ch)return str;str+=String.fromCharCode(ch)}};var registeredInstances={};var getBasestPointer=(class_,ptr)=>{if(ptr===undefined){throwBindingError("ptr should not be undefined")}while(class_.baseClass){ptr=class_.upcast(ptr);class_=class_.baseClass}return ptr};var registerInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr,instance)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){throwBindingError(`Tried to register registered instance: ${ptr}`)}else{registeredInstances[ptr]=instance}};var registeredTypes={};var getTypeName=type=>{var ptr=___getTypeName(type);var rv=AsciiToString(ptr);_free(ptr);return rv};var requireRegisteredType=(rawType,humanName)=>{var impl=registeredTypes[rawType];if(undefined===impl){throwBindingError(`${humanName} has unknown type ${getTypeName(rawType)}`)}return impl};var unregisterInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){delete registeredInstances[ptr]}else{throwBindingError(`Tried to unregister unregistered instance: ${ptr}`)}};var detachFinalizer=handle=>{};var finalizationRegistry=false;var runDestructor=$$=>{if($$.smartPtr){$$.smartPtrType.rawDestructor($$.smartPtr)}else{$$.ptrType.registeredClass.rawDestructor($$.ptr)}};var releaseClassHandle=$$=>{$$.count.value-=1;var toDelete=0===$$.count.value;if(toDelete){runDestructor($$)}};var attachFinalizer=handle=>{if(!globalThis.FinalizationRegistry){attachFinalizer=handle=>handle;return handle}finalizationRegistry=new FinalizationRegistry(info=>{releaseClassHandle(info.$$)});attachFinalizer=handle=>{var $$=handle.$$;var hasSmartPtr=!!$$.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtr){var info={$$};finalizationRegistry.register(handle,info,handle)}return handle};detachFinalizer=handle=>finalizationRegistry.unregister(handle);return attachFinalizer(handle)};var __embind_create_inheriting_constructor=(constructorName,wrapperType,properties)=>{constructorName=AsciiToString(constructorName);wrapperType=requireRegisteredType(wrapperType,"wrapper");properties=Emval.toValue(properties);var registeredClass=wrapperType.registeredClass;var wrapperPrototype=registeredClass.instancePrototype;var baseClass=registeredClass.baseClass;var baseClassPrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype;var baseConstructor=registeredClass.baseClass.constructor;var ctor=createNamedFunction(constructorName,function(...args){for(var name of registeredClass.baseClass.pureVirtualFunctions){if(this[name]===baseClassPrototype[name]){throw new PureVirtualError(`Pure virtual function ${name} must be implemented in JavaScript`)}}Object.defineProperty(this,"__parent",{value:wrapperPrototype});this["__construct"](...args)});wrapperPrototype["__construct"]=function __construct(...args){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __construct")}var inner=baseConstructor["implement"](this,...args);detachFinalizer(inner);var $$=inner.$$;inner["notifyOnDestruction"]();$$.preservePointerOnDelete=true;Object.defineProperties(this,{$$:{value:$$}});attachFinalizer(this);registerInheritedInstance(registeredClass,$$.ptr,this)};wrapperPrototype["__destruct"]=function __destruct(){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __destruct")}detachFinalizer(this);unregisterInheritedInstance(registeredClass,this.$$.ptr)};ctor.prototype=Object.create(wrapperPrototype);Object.assign(ctor.prototype,properties);return Emval.toHandle(ctor)};var structRegistrations={};var runDestructors=destructors=>{while(destructors.length){var ptr=destructors.pop();var del=destructors.pop();del(ptr)}};function readPointer(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])}var awaitingDependencies={};var typeDependencies={};var InternalError=class InternalError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="InternalError"}};var throwInternalError=message=>{throw new InternalError(message)};var whenDependentTypesAreResolved=(myTypes,dependentTypes,getTypeConverters)=>{myTypes.forEach(type=>typeDependencies[type]=dependentTypes);function onComplete(typeConverters){var myTypeConverters=getTypeConverters(typeConverters);if(myTypeConverters.length!==myTypes.length){throwInternalError("Mismatched type converter count")}for(var i=0;i<myTypes.length;++i){registerType(myTypes[i],myTypeConverters[i])}}var typeConverters=new Array(dependentTypes.length);var unregisteredTypes=[];var registered=0;for(let[i,dt]of dependentTypes.entries()){if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(dt)){typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt]}else{unregisteredTypes.push(dt);if(!awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(dt)){awaitingDependencies[dt]=[]}awaitingDependencies[dt].push(()=>{typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt];++registered;if(registered===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}})}}if(0===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}};var __embind_finalize_value_object=structType=>{var reg=structRegistrations[structType];delete structRegistrations[structType];var rawConstructor=reg.rawConstructor;var rawDestructor=reg.rawDestructor;var fieldRecords=reg.fields;var fieldTypes=fieldRecords.map(field=>field.getterReturnType).concat(fieldRecords.map(field=>field.setterArgumentType));whenDependentTypesAreResolved([structType],fieldTypes,fieldTypes=>{var fields={};for(var[i,field]of fieldRecords.entries()){const getterReturnType=fieldTypes[i];const getter=field.getter;const getterContext=field.getterContext;const setterArgumentType=fieldTypes[i+fieldRecords.length];const setter=field.setter;const setterContext=field.setterContext;fields[field.fieldName]={read:ptr=>getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr)),write:(ptr,o)=>{var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,o));runDestructors(destructors)},optional:getterReturnType.optional}}return[{name:reg.name,fromWireType:ptr=>{var rv={};for(var i in fields){rv[i]=fields[i].read(ptr)}rawDestructor(ptr);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,o)=>{for(var fieldName in fields){if(!(fieldName in o)&&!fields[fieldName].optional){throw new TypeError(`Missing field: "${fieldName}"`)}}var ptr=rawConstructor();for(fieldName in fields){fields[fieldName].write(ptr,o[fieldName])}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:rawDestructor}]})};function sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){var name=registeredInstance.name;if(!rawType){throwBindingError(`type "${name}" must have a positive integer typeid pointer`)}if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){if(options.ignoreDuplicateRegistrations){return}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot register type '${name}' twice`)}}registeredTypes[rawType]=registeredInstance;delete typeDependencies[rawType];if(awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){var callbacks=awaitingDependencies[rawType];delete awaitingDependencies[rawType];callbacks.forEach(cb=>cb())}}function registerType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){return sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options)}var integerReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?pointer=>HEAP8[pointer]:pointer=>HEAPU8[pointer];case 2:return signed?pointer=>HEAP16[pointer>>1]:pointer=>HEAPU16[pointer>>1];case 4:return signed?pointer=>HEAP32[pointer>>2]:pointer=>HEAPU32[pointer>>2];case 8:return signed?pointer=>HEAP64[pointer>>3]:pointer=>HEAPU64[pointer>>3];default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_bigint=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0n;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){const bitSize=size*8;fromWireType=value=>BigInt.asUintN(bitSize,value);maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(typeof value=="number"){value=BigInt(value)}return value},readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,!isUnsignedType),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_bool=(rawType,name,trueValue,falseValue)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:function(wt){return!!wt},toWireType:function(destructors,o){return o?trueValue:falseValue},readValueFromPointer:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])},destructorFunction:null})};var shallowCopyInternalPointer=o=>({count:o.count,deleteScheduled:o.deleteScheduled,preservePointerOnDelete:o.preservePointerOnDelete,ptr:o.ptr,ptrType:o.ptrType,smartPtr:o.smartPtr,smartPtrType:o.smartPtrType});var throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted=obj=>{function getInstanceTypeName(handle){return handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass.name}throwBindingError(getInstanceTypeName(obj)+" instance already deleted")};var deletionQueue=[];var flushPendingDeletes=()=>{while(deletionQueue.length){var obj=deletionQueue.pop();obj.$$.deleteScheduled=false;obj["delete"]()}};var delayFunction;var init_ClassHandle=()=>{let proto=ClassHandle.prototype;Object.assign(proto,{isAliasOf(other){if(!(this instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}if(!(other instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}var leftClass=this.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var left=this.$$.ptr;other.$$=other.$$;var rightClass=other.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var right=other.$$.ptr;while(leftClass.baseClass){left=leftClass.upcast(left);leftClass=leftClass.baseClass}while(rightClass.baseClass){right=rightClass.upcast(right);rightClass=rightClass.baseClass}return leftClass===rightClass&&left===right},clone(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.count.value+=1;return this}else{var clone=attachFinalizer(Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this),{$$:{value:shallowCopyInternalPointer(this.$$)}}));clone.$$.count.value+=1;clone.$$.deleteScheduled=false;return clone}},delete(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}detachFinalizer(this);releaseClassHandle(this.$$);if(!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.smartPtr=undefined;this.$$.ptr=undefined}},isDeleted(){return!this.$$.ptr},deleteLater(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}deletionQueue.push(this);if(deletionQueue.length===1&&delayFunction){delayFunction(flushPendingDeletes)}this.$$.deleteScheduled=true;return this}});const symbolDispose=Symbol.dispose;if(symbolDispose){proto[symbolDispose]=proto["delete"]}};function ClassHandle(){}var registeredPointers={};var ensureOverloadTable=(proto,methodName,humanName)=>{if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){var prevFunc=proto[methodName];proto[methodName]=function(...args){if(!proto[methodName].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(args.length)){throwBindingError(`Function '${humanName}' called with an invalid number of arguments (${args.length}) - expects one of (${proto[methodName].overloadTable})!`)}return proto[methodName].overloadTable[args.length].apply(this,args)};proto[methodName].overloadTable=[];proto[methodName].overloadTable[prevFunc.argCount]=prevFunc}};var exposePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){if(undefined===numArguments||undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]){throwBindingError(`Cannot register public name '${name}' twice`)}ensureOverloadTable(Module,name,name);if(Module[name].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(numArguments)){throwBindingError(`Cannot register multiple overloads of a function with the same number of arguments (${numArguments})!`)}Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var char_0=48;var char_9=57;var makeLegalFunctionName=name=>{name=name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g,"$");var f=name.charCodeAt(0);if(f>=char_0&&f<=char_9){return`_${name}`}return name};function RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast){this.name=name;this.constructor=constructor;this.instancePrototype=instancePrototype;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;this.baseClass=baseClass;this.getActualType=getActualType;this.upcast=upcast;this.downcast=downcast;this.pureVirtualFunctions=[]}var upcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{while(ptrClass!==desiredClass){if(!ptrClass.upcast){throwBindingError(`Expected null or instance of ${desiredClass.name}, got an instance of ${ptrClass.name}`)}ptr=ptrClass.upcast(ptr);ptrClass=ptrClass.baseClass}return ptr};var embindRepr=v=>{if(v===null){return"null"}var t=typeof v;if(t==="object"||t==="array"||t==="function"){return v.toString()}else{return""+v}};function constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}function genericPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){var ptr;if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}if(this.isSmartPointer){ptr=this.rawConstructor();if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr}else{return 0}}if(!handle||!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(!this.isConst&&handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);if(this.isSmartPointer){if(undefined===handle.$$.smartPtr){throwBindingError("Passing raw pointer to smart pointer is illegal")}switch(this.sharingPolicy){case 0:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}break;case 1:ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr;break;case 2:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{var clonedHandle=handle["clone"]();ptr=this.rawShare(ptr,Emval.toHandle(()=>clonedHandle["delete"]()));if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}}break;default:throwBindingError("Unsupported sharing policy")}}return ptr}function nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}var downcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{if(ptrClass===desiredClass){return ptr}if(undefined===desiredClass.baseClass){return null}var rv=downcastPointer(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass.baseClass);if(rv===null){return null}return desiredClass.downcast(rv)};var getInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);return registeredInstances[ptr]};var makeClassHandle=(prototype,record)=>{if(!record.ptrType||!record.ptr){throwInternalError("makeClassHandle requires ptr and ptrType")}var hasSmartPtrType=!!record.smartPtrType;var hasSmartPtr=!!record.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtrType!==hasSmartPtr){throwInternalError("Both smartPtrType and smartPtr must be specified")}record.count={value:1};return attachFinalizer(Object.create(prototype,{$$:{value:record,writable:true}}))};function RegisteredPointer_fromWireType(ptr){var rawPointer=this.getPointee(ptr);if(!rawPointer){this.destructor(ptr);return null}var registeredInstance=getInheritedInstance(this.registeredClass,rawPointer);if(undefined!==registeredInstance){if(0===registeredInstance.$$.count.value){registeredInstance.$$.ptr=rawPointer;registeredInstance.$$.smartPtr=ptr;return registeredInstance["clone"]()}else{var rv=registeredInstance["clone"]();this.destructor(ptr);return rv}}function makeDefaultHandle(){if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this.pointeeType,ptr:rawPointer,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this,ptr})}}var actualType=this.registeredClass.getActualType(rawPointer);var registeredPointerRecord=registeredPointers[actualType];if(!registeredPointerRecord){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}var toType;if(this.isConst){toType=registeredPointerRecord.constPointerType}else{toType=registeredPointerRecord.pointerType}var dp=downcastPointer(rawPointer,this.registeredClass,toType.registeredClass);if(dp===null){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp})}}var init_RegisteredPointer=()=>{Object.assign(RegisteredPointer.prototype,{getPointee(ptr){if(this.rawGetPointee){ptr=this.rawGetPointee(ptr)}return ptr},destructor(ptr){this.rawDestructor?.(ptr)},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,fromWireType:RegisteredPointer_fromWireType})};function RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,isReference,isConst,isSmartPointer,pointeeType,sharingPolicy,rawGetPointee,rawConstructor,rawShare,rawDestructor){this.name=name;this.registeredClass=registeredClass;this.isReference=isReference;this.isConst=isConst;this.isSmartPointer=isSmartPointer;this.pointeeType=pointeeType;this.sharingPolicy=sharingPolicy;this.rawGetPointee=rawGetPointee;this.rawConstructor=rawConstructor;this.rawShare=rawShare;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;if(!isSmartPointer&&registeredClass.baseClass===undefined){if(isConst){this.toWireType=constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}else{this.toWireType=nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}}else{this.toWireType=genericPointerToWireType}}var replacePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(!Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){throwInternalError("Replacing nonexistent public symbol")}if(undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==numArguments){Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var wasmTableMirror=[];var getWasmTableEntry=funcPtr=>{var func=wasmTableMirror[funcPtr];if(!func){wasmTableMirror[funcPtr]=func=wasmTable.get(funcPtr)}return func};var embind__requireFunction=(signature,rawFunction,isAsync=false)=>{signature=AsciiToString(signature);function makeDynCaller(){var rtn=getWasmTableEntry(rawFunction);return rtn}var fp=makeDynCaller();if(typeof fp!="function"){throwBindingError(`unknown function pointer with signature ${signature}: ${rawFunction}`)}return fp};class UnboundTypeError extends Error{}var throwUnboundTypeError=(message,types)=>{var unboundTypes=[];var seen={};function visit(type){if(seen[type]){return}if(registeredTypes[type]){return}if(typeDependencies[type]){typeDependencies[type].forEach(visit);return}unboundTypes.push(type);seen[type]=true}types.forEach(visit);throw new UnboundTypeError(`${message}: `+unboundTypes.map(getTypeName).join([", "]))};var __embind_register_class=(rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType,baseClassRawType,getActualTypeSignature,getActualType,upcastSignature,upcast,downcastSignature,downcast,name,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);getActualType=embind__requireFunction(getActualTypeSignature,getActualType);upcast&&=embind__requireFunction(upcastSignature,upcast);downcast&&=embind__requireFunction(downcastSignature,downcast);rawDestructor=embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor);var legalFunctionName=makeLegalFunctionName(name);exposePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${name} due to unbound types`,[baseClassRawType])});whenDependentTypesAreResolved([rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType],baseClassRawType?[baseClassRawType]:[],base=>{base=base[0];var baseClass;var basePrototype;if(baseClassRawType){baseClass=base.registeredClass;basePrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype}else{basePrototype=ClassHandle.prototype}var constructor=createNamedFunction(name,function(...args){if(Object.getPrototypeOf(this)!==instancePrototype){throw new BindingError(`Use 'new' to construct ${name}`)}if(undefined===registeredClass.constructor_body){throw new BindingError(`${name} has no accessible constructor`)}var body=registeredClass.constructor_body[args.length];if(undefined===body){throw new BindingError(`Tried to invoke ctor of ${name} with invalid number of parameters (${args.length}) - expected (${Object.keys(registeredClass.constructor_body).toString()}) parameters instead!`)}return body.apply(this,args)});var instancePrototype=Object.create(basePrototype,{constructor:{value:constructor}});constructor.prototype=instancePrototype;var registeredClass=new RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast);if(registeredClass.baseClass){registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses??=[];registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses.push(registeredClass)}var referenceConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,true,false,false);var pointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+"*",registeredClass,false,false,false);var constPointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+" const*",registeredClass,false,true,false);registeredPointers[rawType]={pointerType:pointerConverter,constPointerType:constPointerConverter};replacePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,constructor);return[referenceConverter,pointerConverter,constPointerConverter]})};function usesDestructorStack(argTypes){for(var i=1;i<argTypes.length;++i){if(argTypes[i]!==null&&argTypes[i].destructorFunction===undefined){return true}}return false}function craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,cppInvokerFunc,cppTargetFunc,isAsync){var argCount=argTypes.length;if(argCount<2){throwBindingError("argTypes array size mismatch! Must at least get return value and 'this' types!")}var isClassMethodFunc=argTypes[1]!==null&&classType!==null;var needsDestructorStack=usesDestructorStack(argTypes);var returns=!argTypes[0].isVoid;var expectedArgCount=argCount-2;var argsWired=new Array(expectedArgCount);var invokerFuncArgs=[];var destructors=[];var invokerFn=function(...args){destructors.length=0;var thisWired;invokerFuncArgs.length=isClassMethodFunc?2:1;invokerFuncArgs[0]=cppTargetFunc;if(isClassMethodFunc){thisWired=argTypes[1].toWireType(destructors,this);invokerFuncArgs[1]=thisWired}for(var i=0;i<expectedArgCount;++i){argsWired[i]=argTypes[i+2].toWireType(destructors,args[i]);invokerFuncArgs.push(argsWired[i])}var rv=cppInvokerFunc(...invokerFuncArgs);function onDone(rv){if(needsDestructorStack){runDestructors(destructors)}else{for(var i=isClassMethodFunc?1:2;i<argTypes.length;i++){var param=i===1?thisWired:argsWired[i-2];if(argTypes[i].destructorFunction!==null){argTypes[i].destructorFunction(param)}}}if(returns){return argTypes[0].fromWireType(rv)}}return onDone(rv)};return createNamedFunction(humanName,invokerFn)}var heap32VectorToArray=(count,firstElement)=>{var array=[];for(var i=0;i<count;i++){array.push(HEAPU32[firstElement+i*4>>2])}return array};var getFunctionName=signature=>{signature=signature.trim();const argsIndex=signature.indexOf("(");if(argsIndex===-1)return signature;return signature.slice(0,argsIndex)};var __embind_register_class_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}var proto=classType.registeredClass.constructor;if(undefined===proto[methodName]){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));var func=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){func.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=func}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=func}if(classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){for(const derivedClass of classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){if(!derivedClass.constructor.hasOwnProperty(methodName)){derivedClass.constructor[methodName]=func}}}return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_constructor=(rawClassType,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,invoker,rawConstructor)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);invoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,invoker);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`constructor ${classType.name}`;if(undefined===classType.registeredClass.constructor_body){classType.registeredClass.constructor_body=[]}if(undefined!==classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]){throw new BindingError(`Cannot register multiple constructors with identical number of parameters (${argCount-1}) for class '${classType.name}'! Overload resolution is currently only performed using the parameter count, not actual type info!`)}classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=()=>{throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${classType.name} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)};whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{argTypes.splice(1,0,null);classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,null,invoker,rawConstructor);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,context,isPureVirtual,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}if(isPureVirtual){classType.registeredClass.pureVirtualFunctions.push(methodName)}function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}var proto=classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype;var method=proto[methodName];if(undefined===method||undefined===method.overloadTable&&method.className!==classType.name&&method.argCount===argCount-2){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-2;unboundTypesHandler.className=classType.name;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var memberFunction=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,rawInvoker,context,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){memberFunction.argCount=argCount-2;proto[methodName]=memberFunction}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=memberFunction}return[]});return[]})};var validateThis=(this_,classType,humanName)=>{if(!(this_ instanceof Object)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} with invalid "this": ${this_}`)}if(!(this_ instanceof classType.registeredClass.constructor)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} incompatible with "this" of type ${this_.constructor.name}`)}if(!this_.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`cannot call emscripten binding method ${humanName} on deleted object`)}return upcastPointer(this_.$$.ptr,this_.$$.ptrType.registeredClass,classType.registeredClass)};var __embind_register_class_property=(classType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{fieldName=AsciiToString(fieldName);getter=embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[classType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${fieldName}`;var desc={get(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])},enumerable:true,configurable:true};if(setter){desc.set=()=>throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])}else{desc.set=v=>throwBindingError(humanName+" is a read-only property")}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],setter?[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType]:[getterReturnType],types=>{var getterReturnType=types[0];var desc={get(){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" getter");return getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr))},enumerable:true};if(setter){setter=embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter);var setterArgumentType=types[1];desc.set=function(v){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" setter");var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,v));runDestructors(destructors)}}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_constant=(name,type,value)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[type],type=>{type=type[0];Module[name]=type.fromWireType(value);return[]})};var __emval_decref=handle=>{if(handle>9&&0===--emval_handles[handle+1]){emval_handles[handle]=undefined;emval_freelist.push(handle)}};var EmValType={name:"emscripten::val",fromWireType:handle=>{var rv=Emval.toValue(handle);__emval_decref(handle);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>Emval.toHandle(value),readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:null};var __embind_register_emval=rawType=>registerType(rawType,EmValType);var enumReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP8[pointer])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])};case 2:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP16[pointer>>1])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU16[pointer>>1])};case 4:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP32[pointer>>2])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};function getEnumValueType(rawValueType){return rawValueType===0?"object":rawValueType===1?"number":"string"}var __embind_register_enum=(rawType,name,size,isSigned,rawValueType)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const valueType=getEnumValueType(rawValueType);switch(valueType){case"object":{function ctor(){}ctor.values={};registerType(rawType,{name,constructor:ctor,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.constructor.values[c]},toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c.value,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,ctor);break}case"number":{var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:c=>c,toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}case"string":{var valuesMap={};var reverseMap={};var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,valuesMap,reverseMap,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.reverseMap[c]},toWireType:function(destructors,c){return this.valuesMap[c]},readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}}};var __embind_register_enum_value=(rawEnumType,name,enumValue)=>{var enumType=requireRegisteredType(rawEnumType,"enum");name=AsciiToString(name);switch(enumType.valueType){case"object":{var Enum=enumType.constructor;var Value=Object.create(enumType.constructor.prototype,{value:{value:enumValue},constructor:{value:createNamedFunction(`${enumType.name}_${name}`,function(){})}});Enum.values[enumValue]=Value;Enum[name]=Value;break}case"number":{enumType.keysMap[name]=enumValue;break}case"string":{enumType.valuesMap[name]=enumValue;enumType.reverseMap[enumValue]=name;enumType.keysMap[name]=name;break}}};var floatReadValueFromPointer=(name,width)=>{switch(width){case 4:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF32[pointer>>2])};case 8:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF64[pointer>>3])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid float width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_float=(rawType,name,size)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>value,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:floatReadValueFromPointer(name,size),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_function=(name,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,signature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var argTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);name=AsciiToString(name);name=getFunctionName(name);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(signature,rawInvoker,isAsync);exposePublicSymbol(name,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${name} due to unbound types`,argTypes)},argCount-1);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],argTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));replacePublicSymbol(name,craftInvokerFunction(name,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync),argCount-1);return[]})};var __embind_register_integer=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){var bitshift=32-8*size;fromWireType=value=>value<<bitshift>>>bitshift;maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,minRange!==0),destructorFunction:null})};var installIndexedIterator=(proto,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{const makeIterator=(size,getValue)=>{let index=0;return{next(){if(index>=size){return{done:true}}const current=index;index++;const value=getValue(current);return{value,done:false}},[Symbol.iterator](){return this}}};if(!proto[Symbol.iterator]){proto[Symbol.iterator]=function(){const size=this[sizeMethodName]();return makeIterator(size,i=>this[getMethodName](i))}}};var __embind_register_iterable=(rawClassType,rawElementType,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{sizeMethodName=AsciiToString(sizeMethodName);getMethodName=AsciiToString(getMethodName);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType,rawElementType],types=>{const classType=types[0];installIndexedIterator(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,sizeMethodName,getMethodName);return[]})};var __embind_register_memory_view=(rawType,dataTypeIndex,name)=>{var typeMapping=[Int8Array,Uint8Array,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array,BigInt64Array,BigUint64Array];var TA=typeMapping[dataTypeIndex];function decodeMemoryView(handle){var size=HEAPU32[handle>>2];var data=HEAPU32[handle+4>>2];return new TA(HEAP8.buffer,data,size)}name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:decodeMemoryView,readValueFromPointer:decodeMemoryView},{ignoreDuplicateRegistrations:true})};var EmValOptionalType=Object.assign({optional:true},EmValType);var __embind_register_optional=(rawOptionalType,rawType)=>{registerType(rawOptionalType,EmValOptionalType)};var stringToUTF8Array=(str,heap,outIdx,maxBytesToWrite)=>{if(!(maxBytesToWrite>0))return 0;var startIdx=outIdx;var endIdx=outIdx+maxBytesToWrite-1;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var u=str.codePointAt(i);if(u<=127){if(outIdx>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=u}else if(u<=2047){if(outIdx+1>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=192|u>>6;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else if(u<=65535){if(outIdx+2>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=224|u>>12;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else{if(outIdx+3>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=240|u>>18;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>12&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63;i++}}heap[outIdx]=0;return outIdx-startIdx};var stringToUTF8=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>stringToUTF8Array(str,HEAPU8,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite);var lengthBytesUTF8=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var c=str.charCodeAt(i);if(c<=127){len++}else if(c<=2047){len+=2}else if(c>=55296&&c<=57343){len+=4;++i}else{len+=3}}return len};var UTF8Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder&&new TextDecoder;var findStringEnd=(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var maxIdx=idx+maxBytesToRead;if(ignoreNul)return maxIdx;while(heapOrArray[idx]&&!(idx>=maxIdx))++idx;return idx};var UTF8ArrayToString=(heapOrArray,idx=0,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var endPtr=findStringEnd(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul);if(endPtr-idx>16&&heapOrArray.buffer&&UTF8Decoder){return UTF8Decoder.decode(heapOrArray.subarray(idx,endPtr))}var str="";while(idx<endPtr){var u0=heapOrArray[idx++];if(!(u0&128)){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0);continue}var u1=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&224)==192){str+=String.fromCharCode((u0&31)<<6|u1);continue}var u2=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&240)==224){u0=(u0&15)<<12|u1<<6|u2}else{u0=(u0&7)<<18|u1<<12|u2<<6|heapOrArray[idx++]&63}if(u0<65536){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0)}else{var ch=u0-65536;str+=String.fromCharCode(55296|ch>>10,56320|ch&1023)}}return str};var UTF8ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>ptr?UTF8ArrayToString(HEAPU8,ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul):"";var __embind_register_std_string=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var stdStringIsUTF8=true;registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType(value){var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var payload=value+4;var str;if(stdStringIsUTF8){str=UTF8ToString(payload,length,true)}else{str="";for(var i=0;i<length;++i){str+=String.fromCharCode(HEAPU8[payload+i])}}_free(value);return str},toWireType(destructors,value){if(value instanceof ArrayBuffer){value=new Uint8Array(value)}var length;var valueIsOfTypeString=typeof value=="string";if(!(valueIsOfTypeString||ArrayBuffer.isView(value)&&value.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT==1)){throwBindingError("Cannot pass non-string to std::string")}if(stdStringIsUTF8&&valueIsOfTypeString){length=lengthBytesUTF8(value)}else{length=value.length}var base=_malloc(4+length+1);var ptr=base+4;HEAPU32[base>>2]=length;if(valueIsOfTypeString){if(stdStringIsUTF8){stringToUTF8(value,ptr,length+1)}else{for(var i=0;i<length;++i){var charCode=value.charCodeAt(i);if(charCode>255){_free(base);throwBindingError("String has UTF-16 code units that do not fit in 8 bits")}HEAPU8[ptr+i]=charCode}}}else{HEAPU8.set(value,ptr)}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,base)}return base},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var UTF16Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder?new TextDecoder("utf-16le"):undefined;var UTF16ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var idx=ptr>>1;var endIdx=findStringEnd(HEAPU16,idx,maxBytesToRead/2,ignoreNul);if(endIdx-idx>16&&UTF16Decoder)return UTF16Decoder.decode(HEAPU16.subarray(idx,endIdx));var str="";for(var i=idx;i<endIdx;++i){var codeUnit=HEAPU16[i];str+=String.fromCharCode(codeUnit)}return str};var stringToUTF16=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<2)return 0;maxBytesToWrite-=2;var startPtr=outPtr;var numCharsToWrite=maxBytesToWrite<str.length*2?maxBytesToWrite/2:str.length;for(var i=0;i<numCharsToWrite;++i){var codeUnit=str.charCodeAt(i);HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=codeUnit;outPtr+=2}HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF16=str=>str.length*2;var UTF32ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var str="";var startIdx=ptr>>2;for(var i=0;!(i>=maxBytesToRead/4);i++){var utf32=HEAPU32[startIdx+i];if(!utf32&&!ignoreNul)break;str+=String.fromCodePoint(utf32)}return str};var stringToUTF32=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<4)return 0;var startPtr=outPtr;var endPtr=startPtr+maxBytesToWrite-4;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=codePoint;outPtr+=4;if(outPtr+4>endPtr)break}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF32=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}len+=4}return len};var __embind_register_std_wstring=(rawType,charSize,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var decodeString,encodeString,lengthBytesUTF;if(charSize===2){decodeString=UTF16ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF16;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF16}else{decodeString=UTF32ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF32;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF32}registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>{var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var str=decodeString(value+4,length*charSize,true);_free(value);return str},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(!(typeof value=="string")){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass non-string to C++ string type ${name}`)}var length=lengthBytesUTF(value);var ptr=_malloc(4+length+charSize);HEAPU32[ptr>>2]=length/charSize;encodeString(value,ptr+4,length+charSize);if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var __embind_register_value_object=(rawType,name,constructorSignature,rawConstructor,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{structRegistrations[rawType]={name:AsciiToString(name),rawConstructor:embind__requireFunction(constructorSignature,rawConstructor),rawDestructor:embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor),fields:[]}};var __embind_register_value_object_field=(structType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{structRegistrations[structType].fields.push({fieldName:AsciiToString(fieldName),getterReturnType,getter:embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter),getterContext,setterArgumentType,setter:embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter),setterContext})};var __embind_register_void=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{isVoid:true,name,fromWireType:()=>undefined,toWireType:(destructors,o)=>undefined})};var runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0;var __emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear=()=>{noExitRuntime=false;runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0};var emval_methodCallers=[];var emval_addMethodCaller=caller=>{var id=emval_methodCallers.length;emval_methodCallers.push(caller);return id};var emval_lookupTypes=(argCount,argTypes)=>{var a=new Array(argCount);for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){a[i]=requireRegisteredType(HEAPU32[argTypes+i*4>>2],`parameter ${i}`)}return a};var emval_returnValue=(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,handle)=>{var destructors=[];var result=toReturnWire(destructors,handle);if(destructors.length){HEAPU32[destructorsRef>>2]=Emval.toHandle(destructors)}return result};var emval_symbols={};var getStringOrSymbol=address=>{var symbol=emval_symbols[address];if(symbol===undefined){return AsciiToString(address)}return symbol};var __emval_create_invoker=(argCount,argTypesPtr,kind)=>{var GenericWireTypeSize=8;var[retType,...argTypes]=emval_lookupTypes(argCount,argTypesPtr);var toReturnWire=retType.toWireType.bind(retType);var argFromPtr=argTypes.map(type=>type.readValueFromPointer.bind(type));argCount--;var argN=new Array(argCount);var invokerFunction=(handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>{var offset=0;for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){argN[i]=argFromPtr[i](args+offset);offset+=GenericWireTypeSize}var rv;switch(kind){case 0:rv=Emval.toValue(handle).apply(null,argN);break;case 2:rv=Reflect.construct(Emval.toValue(handle),argN);break;case 3:rv=argN[0];break;case 1:rv=Emval.toValue(handle)[getStringOrSymbol(methodName)](...argN);break}return emval_returnValue(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,rv)};var functionName=`methodCaller<(${argTypes.map(t=>t.name)}) => ${retType.name}>`;return emval_addMethodCaller(createNamedFunction(functionName,invokerFunction))};var __emval_invoke=(caller,handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>emval_methodCallers[caller](handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args);var __emval_new_cstring=v=>Emval.toHandle(getStringOrSymbol(v));var __emval_new_object=()=>Emval.toHandle({});var __emval_run_destructors=handle=>{var destructors=Emval.toValue(handle);runDestructors(destructors);__emval_decref(handle)};var __emval_set_property=(handle,key,value)=>{handle=Emval.toValue(handle);key=Emval.toValue(key);value=Emval.toValue(value);handle[key]=value};var timers={};var handleException=e=>{if(e instanceof ExitStatus||e=="unwind"){return EXITSTATUS}quit_(1,e)};var keepRuntimeAlive=()=>noExitRuntime||runtimeKeepaliveCounter>0;var _proc_exit=code=>{EXITSTATUS=code;if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){Module["onExit"]?.(code);ABORT=true}quit_(code,new ExitStatus(code))};var exitJS=(status,implicit)=>{EXITSTATUS=status;_proc_exit(status)};var _exit=exitJS;var maybeExit=()=>{if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){try{_exit(EXITSTATUS)}catch(e){handleException(e)}}};var callUserCallback=func=>{if(ABORT){return}try{return func()}catch(e){handleException(e)}finally{maybeExit()}};var _emscripten_get_now=()=>performance.now();var __setitimer_js=(which,timeout_ms)=>{if(timers[which]){clearTimeout(timers[which].id);delete timers[which]}if(!timeout_ms)return 0;var id=setTimeout(()=>{delete timers[which];callUserCallback(()=>__emscripten_timeout(which,_emscripten_get_now()))},timeout_ms);timers[which]={id,timeout_ms};return 0};var _emscripten_date_now=()=>Date.now();var getHeapMax=()=>2147483648;var alignMemory=(size,alignment)=>Math.ceil(size/alignment)*alignment;var growMemory=size=>{var oldHeapSize=wasmMemory.buffer.byteLength;var pages=(size-oldHeapSize+65535)/65536|0;try{wasmMemory.grow(pages);updateMemoryViews();return 1}catch(e){}};var _emscripten_resize_heap=requestedSize=>{var oldSize=HEAPU8.length;requestedSize>>>=0;var maxHeapSize=getHeapMax();if(requestedSize>maxHeapSize){return false}for(var cutDown=1;cutDown<=4;cutDown*=2){var overGrownHeapSize=oldSize*(1+.2/cutDown);overGrownHeapSize=Math.min(overGrownHeapSize,requestedSize+100663296);var newSize=Math.min(maxHeapSize,alignMemory(Math.max(requestedSize,overGrownHeapSize),65536));var replacement=growMemory(newSize);if(replacement){return true}}return false};var printCharBuffers=[null,[],[]];var printChar=(stream,curr)=>{var buffer=printCharBuffers[stream];if(curr===0||curr===10){(stream===1?out:err)(UTF8ArrayToString(buffer));buffer.length=0}else{buffer.push(curr)}};var _fd_write=(fd,iov,iovcnt,pnum)=>{var num=0;for(var i=0;i<iovcnt;i++){var ptr=HEAPU32[iov>>2];var len=HEAPU32[iov+4>>2];iov+=8;for(var j=0;j<len;j++){printChar(fd,HEAPU8[ptr+j])}num+=len}HEAPU32[pnum>>2]=num;return 0};init_ClassHandle();init_RegisteredPointer();{if(Module["noExitRuntime"])noExitRuntime=Module["noExitRuntime"];if(Module["print"])out=Module["print"];if(Module["printErr"])err=Module["printErr"];if(Module["wasmBinary"])wasmBinary=Module["wasmBinary"];if(Module["arguments"])arguments_=Module["arguments"];if(Module["thisProgram"])thisProgram=Module["thisProgram"];if(Module["preInit"]){if(typeof Module["preInit"]=="function")Module["preInit"]=[Module["preInit"]];while(Module["preInit"].length>0){Module["preInit"].shift()()}}}var ___getTypeName,_free,_malloc,__emscripten_timeout,memory,__indirect_function_table,wasmMemory,wasmTable;function assignWasmExports(wasmExports){___getTypeName=wasmExports["Q"];_free=Module["_free"]=wasmExports["R"];_malloc=Module["_malloc"]=wasmExports["S"];__emscripten_timeout=wasmExports["U"];memory=wasmMemory=wasmExports["O"];__indirect_function_table=wasmTable=wasmExports["T"]}var wasmImports={J:__abort_js,x:__embind_create_inheriting_constructor,s:__embind_finalize_value_object,z:__embind_register_bigint,A:__embind_register_bool,b:__embind_register_class,p:__embind_register_class_class_function,e:__embind_register_class_constructor,a:__embind_register_class_function,d:__embind_register_class_property,K:__embind_register_constant,M:__embind_register_emval,l:__embind_register_enum,f:__embind_register_enum_value,y:__embind_register_float,g:__embind_register_function,o:__embind_register_integer,q:__embind_register_iterable,h:__embind_register_memory_view,r:__embind_register_optional,N:__embind_register_std_string,u:__embind_register_std_wstring,t:__embind_register_value_object,m:__embind_register_value_object_field,B:__embind_register_void,D:__emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear,k:__emval_create_invoker,n:__emval_decref,j:__emval_invoke,v:__emval_new_cstring,L:__emval_new_object,i:__emval_run_destructors,w:__emval_set_property,E:__setitimer_js,I:_emscripten_date_now,c:_emscripten_get_now,F:_emscripten_resize_heap,G:_exit,H:_fd_write,C:_proc_exit};function run(){preRun();function doRun(){Module["calledRun"]=true;if(ABORT)return;initRuntime();readyPromiseResolve?.(Module);Module["onRuntimeInitialized"]?.();postRun()}if(Module["setStatus"]){Module["setStatus"]("Running...");setTimeout(()=>{setTimeout(()=>Module["setStatus"](""),1);doRun()},1)}else{doRun()}}var wasmExports;wasmExports=await (createWasm());run();if(runtimeInitialized){moduleRtn=Module}else{moduleRtn=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{readyPromiseResolve=resolve;readyPromiseReject=reject})}
 ;return moduleRtn}})();if(typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module==="object"){module.exports=PHYSX;module.exports.default=PHYSX}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define["amd"])define([],()=>PHYSX);
diff --git a/e2e/.dev/physx.release.simd.js b/e2e/.dev/physx.release.simd.js
index bdb1d70990..45843d369b 100644
--- a/e2e/.dev/physx.release.simd.js
+++ b/e2e/.dev/physx.release.simd.js
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-var PHYSX=(()=>{var _scriptName=globalThis.document?.currentScript?.src;return async function(moduleArg={}){var moduleRtn;var Module=moduleArg;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB=!!globalThis.window;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER=!!globalThis.WorkerGlobalScope;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE=globalThis.process?.versions?.node&&globalThis.process?.type!="renderer";var arguments_=[];var thisProgram="./this.program";var quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{throw toThrow};if(typeof __filename!="undefined"){_scriptName=__filename}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){_scriptName=self.location.href}var scriptDirectory="";function locateFile(path){if(Module["locateFile"]){return Module["locateFile"](path,scriptDirectory)}return scriptDirectory+path}var readAsync,readBinary;if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){var fs=require("node:fs");scriptDirectory=__dirname+"/";readBinary=filename=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename);return ret};readAsync=async(filename,binary=true)=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename,binary?undefined:"utf8");return ret};if(process.argv.length>1){thisProgram=process.argv[1].replace(/\\/g,"/")}arguments_=process.argv.slice(2);quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{process.exitCode=status;throw toThrow}}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB||ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){try{scriptDirectory=new URL(".",_scriptName).href}catch{}{if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){readBinary=url=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,false);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.send(null);return new Uint8Array(xhr.response)}}readAsync=async url=>{if(isFileURI(url)){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,true);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.onload=()=>{if(xhr.status==200||xhr.status==0&&xhr.response){resolve(xhr.response);return}reject(xhr.status)};xhr.onerror=reject;xhr.send(null)})}var response=await fetch(url,{credentials:"same-origin"});if(response.ok){return response.arrayBuffer()}throw new Error(response.status+" : "+response.url)}}}else{}var out=console.log.bind(console);var err=console.error.bind(console);var wasmBinary;var ABORT=false;var EXITSTATUS;var isFileURI=filename=>filename.startsWith("file://");var readyPromiseResolve,readyPromiseReject;var HEAP8,HEAPU8,HEAP16,HEAPU16,HEAP32,HEAPU32,HEAPF32,HEAPF64;var HEAP64,HEAPU64;var runtimeInitialized=false;function updateMemoryViews(){var b=wasmMemory.buffer;HEAP8=new Int8Array(b);HEAP16=new Int16Array(b);HEAPU8=new Uint8Array(b);Module["HEAPU16"]=HEAPU16=new Uint16Array(b);HEAP32=new Int32Array(b);Module["HEAPU32"]=HEAPU32=new Uint32Array(b);Module["HEAPF32"]=HEAPF32=new Float32Array(b);HEAPF64=new Float64Array(b);HEAP64=new BigInt64Array(b);HEAPU64=new BigUint64Array(b)}function preRun(){if(Module["preRun"]){if(typeof Module["preRun"]=="function")Module["preRun"]=[Module["preRun"]];while(Module["preRun"].length){addOnPreRun(Module["preRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPreRuns)}function initRuntime(){runtimeInitialized=true;wasmExports["P"]()}function postRun(){if(Module["postRun"]){if(typeof Module["postRun"]=="function")Module["postRun"]=[Module["postRun"]];while(Module["postRun"].length){addOnPostRun(Module["postRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPostRuns)}function abort(what){Module["onAbort"]?.(what);what="Aborted("+what+")";err(what);ABORT=true;what+=". Build with -sASSERTIONS for more info.";var e=new WebAssembly.RuntimeError(what);readyPromiseReject?.(e);throw e}var wasmBinaryFile;function findWasmBinary(){return "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/rms/afts/file/A*6vi1SJaSJ6IAAAAAgDAAAAgAehQnAQ/physx.release.simd.wasm"}function getBinarySync(file){if(file==wasmBinaryFile&&wasmBinary){return new Uint8Array(wasmBinary)}if(readBinary){return readBinary(file)}throw"both async and sync fetching of the wasm failed"}async function getWasmBinary(binaryFile){if(!wasmBinary){try{var response=await readAsync(binaryFile);return new Uint8Array(response)}catch{}}return getBinarySync(binaryFile)}async function instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports){try{var binary=await getWasmBinary(binaryFile);var instance=await WebAssembly.instantiate(binary,imports);return instance}catch(reason){err(`failed to asynchronously prepare wasm: ${reason}`);abort(reason)}}async function instantiateAsync(binary,binaryFile,imports){if(!binary&&!isFileURI(binaryFile)&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){try{var response=fetch(binaryFile,{credentials:"same-origin"});var instantiationResult=await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(response,imports);return instantiationResult}catch(reason){err(`wasm streaming compile failed: ${reason}`);err("falling back to ArrayBuffer instantiation")}}return instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports)}function getWasmImports(){var imports={a:wasmImports};return imports}async function createWasm(){function receiveInstance(instance,module){wasmExports=instance.exports;assignWasmExports(wasmExports);updateMemoryViews();return wasmExports}function receiveInstantiationResult(result){return receiveInstance(result["instance"])}var info=getWasmImports();if(Module["instantiateWasm"]){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{Module["instantiateWasm"](info,(inst,mod)=>{resolve(receiveInstance(inst,mod))})})}wasmBinaryFile??=findWasmBinary();var result=await instantiateAsync(wasmBinary,wasmBinaryFile,info);var exports=receiveInstantiationResult(result);return exports}class ExitStatus{name="ExitStatus";constructor(status){this.message=`Program terminated with exit(${status})`;this.status=status}}var callRuntimeCallbacks=callbacks=>{while(callbacks.length>0){callbacks.shift()(Module)}};var onPostRuns=[];var addOnPostRun=cb=>onPostRuns.push(cb);var onPreRuns=[];var addOnPreRun=cb=>onPreRuns.push(cb);var noExitRuntime=true;var __abort_js=()=>abort("");var createNamedFunction=(name,func)=>Object.defineProperty(func,"name",{value:name});var emval_freelist=[];var emval_handles=[0,1,,1,null,1,true,1,false,1];var BindingError=class BindingError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="BindingError"}};var throwBindingError=message=>{throw new BindingError(message)};var Emval={toValue:handle=>{if(!handle){throwBindingError(`Cannot use deleted val. handle = ${handle}`)}return emval_handles[handle]},toHandle:value=>{switch(value){case undefined:return 2;case null:return 4;case true:return 6;case false:return 8;default:{const handle=emval_freelist.pop()||emval_handles.length;emval_handles[handle]=value;emval_handles[handle+1]=1;return handle}}}};class PureVirtualError extends Error{}var AsciiToString=ptr=>{var str="";while(1){var ch=HEAPU8[ptr++];if(!ch)return str;str+=String.fromCharCode(ch)}};var registeredInstances={};var getBasestPointer=(class_,ptr)=>{if(ptr===undefined){throwBindingError("ptr should not be undefined")}while(class_.baseClass){ptr=class_.upcast(ptr);class_=class_.baseClass}return ptr};var registerInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr,instance)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){throwBindingError(`Tried to register registered instance: ${ptr}`)}else{registeredInstances[ptr]=instance}};var registeredTypes={};var getTypeName=type=>{var ptr=___getTypeName(type);var rv=AsciiToString(ptr);_free(ptr);return rv};var requireRegisteredType=(rawType,humanName)=>{var impl=registeredTypes[rawType];if(undefined===impl){throwBindingError(`${humanName} has unknown type ${getTypeName(rawType)}`)}return impl};var unregisterInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){delete registeredInstances[ptr]}else{throwBindingError(`Tried to unregister unregistered instance: ${ptr}`)}};var detachFinalizer=handle=>{};var finalizationRegistry=false;var runDestructor=$$=>{if($$.smartPtr){$$.smartPtrType.rawDestructor($$.smartPtr)}else{$$.ptrType.registeredClass.rawDestructor($$.ptr)}};var releaseClassHandle=$$=>{$$.count.value-=1;var toDelete=0===$$.count.value;if(toDelete){runDestructor($$)}};var attachFinalizer=handle=>{if(!globalThis.FinalizationRegistry){attachFinalizer=handle=>handle;return handle}finalizationRegistry=new FinalizationRegistry(info=>{releaseClassHandle(info.$$)});attachFinalizer=handle=>{var $$=handle.$$;var hasSmartPtr=!!$$.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtr){var info={$$};finalizationRegistry.register(handle,info,handle)}return handle};detachFinalizer=handle=>finalizationRegistry.unregister(handle);return attachFinalizer(handle)};var __embind_create_inheriting_constructor=(constructorName,wrapperType,properties)=>{constructorName=AsciiToString(constructorName);wrapperType=requireRegisteredType(wrapperType,"wrapper");properties=Emval.toValue(properties);var registeredClass=wrapperType.registeredClass;var wrapperPrototype=registeredClass.instancePrototype;var baseClass=registeredClass.baseClass;var baseClassPrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype;var baseConstructor=registeredClass.baseClass.constructor;var ctor=createNamedFunction(constructorName,function(...args){for(var name of registeredClass.baseClass.pureVirtualFunctions){if(this[name]===baseClassPrototype[name]){throw new PureVirtualError(`Pure virtual function ${name} must be implemented in JavaScript`)}}Object.defineProperty(this,"__parent",{value:wrapperPrototype});this["__construct"](...args)});wrapperPrototype["__construct"]=function __construct(...args){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __construct")}var inner=baseConstructor["implement"](this,...args);detachFinalizer(inner);var $$=inner.$$;inner["notifyOnDestruction"]();$$.preservePointerOnDelete=true;Object.defineProperties(this,{$$:{value:$$}});attachFinalizer(this);registerInheritedInstance(registeredClass,$$.ptr,this)};wrapperPrototype["__destruct"]=function __destruct(){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __destruct")}detachFinalizer(this);unregisterInheritedInstance(registeredClass,this.$$.ptr)};ctor.prototype=Object.create(wrapperPrototype);Object.assign(ctor.prototype,properties);return Emval.toHandle(ctor)};var structRegistrations={};var runDestructors=destructors=>{while(destructors.length){var ptr=destructors.pop();var del=destructors.pop();del(ptr)}};function readPointer(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])}var awaitingDependencies={};var typeDependencies={};var InternalError=class InternalError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="InternalError"}};var throwInternalError=message=>{throw new InternalError(message)};var whenDependentTypesAreResolved=(myTypes,dependentTypes,getTypeConverters)=>{myTypes.forEach(type=>typeDependencies[type]=dependentTypes);function onComplete(typeConverters){var myTypeConverters=getTypeConverters(typeConverters);if(myTypeConverters.length!==myTypes.length){throwInternalError("Mismatched type converter count")}for(var i=0;i<myTypes.length;++i){registerType(myTypes[i],myTypeConverters[i])}}var typeConverters=new Array(dependentTypes.length);var unregisteredTypes=[];var registered=0;for(let[i,dt]of dependentTypes.entries()){if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(dt)){typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt]}else{unregisteredTypes.push(dt);if(!awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(dt)){awaitingDependencies[dt]=[]}awaitingDependencies[dt].push(()=>{typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt];++registered;if(registered===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}})}}if(0===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}};var __embind_finalize_value_object=structType=>{var reg=structRegistrations[structType];delete structRegistrations[structType];var rawConstructor=reg.rawConstructor;var rawDestructor=reg.rawDestructor;var fieldRecords=reg.fields;var fieldTypes=fieldRecords.map(field=>field.getterReturnType).concat(fieldRecords.map(field=>field.setterArgumentType));whenDependentTypesAreResolved([structType],fieldTypes,fieldTypes=>{var fields={};for(var[i,field]of fieldRecords.entries()){const getterReturnType=fieldTypes[i];const getter=field.getter;const getterContext=field.getterContext;const setterArgumentType=fieldTypes[i+fieldRecords.length];const setter=field.setter;const setterContext=field.setterContext;fields[field.fieldName]={read:ptr=>getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr)),write:(ptr,o)=>{var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,o));runDestructors(destructors)},optional:getterReturnType.optional}}return[{name:reg.name,fromWireType:ptr=>{var rv={};for(var i in fields){rv[i]=fields[i].read(ptr)}rawDestructor(ptr);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,o)=>{for(var fieldName in fields){if(!(fieldName in o)&&!fields[fieldName].optional){throw new TypeError(`Missing field: "${fieldName}"`)}}var ptr=rawConstructor();for(fieldName in fields){fields[fieldName].write(ptr,o[fieldName])}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:rawDestructor}]})};function sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){var name=registeredInstance.name;if(!rawType){throwBindingError(`type "${name}" must have a positive integer typeid pointer`)}if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){if(options.ignoreDuplicateRegistrations){return}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot register type '${name}' twice`)}}registeredTypes[rawType]=registeredInstance;delete typeDependencies[rawType];if(awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){var callbacks=awaitingDependencies[rawType];delete awaitingDependencies[rawType];callbacks.forEach(cb=>cb())}}function registerType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){return sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options)}var integerReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?pointer=>HEAP8[pointer]:pointer=>HEAPU8[pointer];case 2:return signed?pointer=>HEAP16[pointer>>1]:pointer=>HEAPU16[pointer>>1];case 4:return signed?pointer=>HEAP32[pointer>>2]:pointer=>HEAPU32[pointer>>2];case 8:return signed?pointer=>HEAP64[pointer>>3]:pointer=>HEAPU64[pointer>>3];default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_bigint=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0n;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){const bitSize=size*8;fromWireType=value=>BigInt.asUintN(bitSize,value);maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(typeof value=="number"){value=BigInt(value)}return value},readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,!isUnsignedType),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_bool=(rawType,name,trueValue,falseValue)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:function(wt){return!!wt},toWireType:function(destructors,o){return o?trueValue:falseValue},readValueFromPointer:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])},destructorFunction:null})};var shallowCopyInternalPointer=o=>({count:o.count,deleteScheduled:o.deleteScheduled,preservePointerOnDelete:o.preservePointerOnDelete,ptr:o.ptr,ptrType:o.ptrType,smartPtr:o.smartPtr,smartPtrType:o.smartPtrType});var throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted=obj=>{function getInstanceTypeName(handle){return handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass.name}throwBindingError(getInstanceTypeName(obj)+" instance already deleted")};var deletionQueue=[];var flushPendingDeletes=()=>{while(deletionQueue.length){var obj=deletionQueue.pop();obj.$$.deleteScheduled=false;obj["delete"]()}};var delayFunction;var init_ClassHandle=()=>{let proto=ClassHandle.prototype;Object.assign(proto,{isAliasOf(other){if(!(this instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}if(!(other instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}var leftClass=this.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var left=this.$$.ptr;other.$$=other.$$;var rightClass=other.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var right=other.$$.ptr;while(leftClass.baseClass){left=leftClass.upcast(left);leftClass=leftClass.baseClass}while(rightClass.baseClass){right=rightClass.upcast(right);rightClass=rightClass.baseClass}return leftClass===rightClass&&left===right},clone(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.count.value+=1;return this}else{var clone=attachFinalizer(Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this),{$$:{value:shallowCopyInternalPointer(this.$$)}}));clone.$$.count.value+=1;clone.$$.deleteScheduled=false;return clone}},delete(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}detachFinalizer(this);releaseClassHandle(this.$$);if(!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.smartPtr=undefined;this.$$.ptr=undefined}},isDeleted(){return!this.$$.ptr},deleteLater(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}deletionQueue.push(this);if(deletionQueue.length===1&&delayFunction){delayFunction(flushPendingDeletes)}this.$$.deleteScheduled=true;return this}});const symbolDispose=Symbol.dispose;if(symbolDispose){proto[symbolDispose]=proto["delete"]}};function ClassHandle(){}var registeredPointers={};var ensureOverloadTable=(proto,methodName,humanName)=>{if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){var prevFunc=proto[methodName];proto[methodName]=function(...args){if(!proto[methodName].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(args.length)){throwBindingError(`Function '${humanName}' called with an invalid number of arguments (${args.length}) - expects one of (${proto[methodName].overloadTable})!`)}return proto[methodName].overloadTable[args.length].apply(this,args)};proto[methodName].overloadTable=[];proto[methodName].overloadTable[prevFunc.argCount]=prevFunc}};var exposePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){if(undefined===numArguments||undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]){throwBindingError(`Cannot register public name '${name}' twice`)}ensureOverloadTable(Module,name,name);if(Module[name].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(numArguments)){throwBindingError(`Cannot register multiple overloads of a function with the same number of arguments (${numArguments})!`)}Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var char_0=48;var char_9=57;var makeLegalFunctionName=name=>{name=name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g,"$");var f=name.charCodeAt(0);if(f>=char_0&&f<=char_9){return`_${name}`}return name};function RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast){this.name=name;this.constructor=constructor;this.instancePrototype=instancePrototype;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;this.baseClass=baseClass;this.getActualType=getActualType;this.upcast=upcast;this.downcast=downcast;this.pureVirtualFunctions=[]}var upcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{while(ptrClass!==desiredClass){if(!ptrClass.upcast){throwBindingError(`Expected null or instance of ${desiredClass.name}, got an instance of ${ptrClass.name}`)}ptr=ptrClass.upcast(ptr);ptrClass=ptrClass.baseClass}return ptr};var embindRepr=v=>{if(v===null){return"null"}var t=typeof v;if(t==="object"||t==="array"||t==="function"){return v.toString()}else{return""+v}};function constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}function genericPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){var ptr;if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}if(this.isSmartPointer){ptr=this.rawConstructor();if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr}else{return 0}}if(!handle||!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(!this.isConst&&handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);if(this.isSmartPointer){if(undefined===handle.$$.smartPtr){throwBindingError("Passing raw pointer to smart pointer is illegal")}switch(this.sharingPolicy){case 0:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}break;case 1:ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr;break;case 2:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{var clonedHandle=handle["clone"]();ptr=this.rawShare(ptr,Emval.toHandle(()=>clonedHandle["delete"]()));if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}}break;default:throwBindingError("Unsupported sharing policy")}}return ptr}function nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}var downcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{if(ptrClass===desiredClass){return ptr}if(undefined===desiredClass.baseClass){return null}var rv=downcastPointer(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass.baseClass);if(rv===null){return null}return desiredClass.downcast(rv)};var getInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);return registeredInstances[ptr]};var makeClassHandle=(prototype,record)=>{if(!record.ptrType||!record.ptr){throwInternalError("makeClassHandle requires ptr and ptrType")}var hasSmartPtrType=!!record.smartPtrType;var hasSmartPtr=!!record.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtrType!==hasSmartPtr){throwInternalError("Both smartPtrType and smartPtr must be specified")}record.count={value:1};return attachFinalizer(Object.create(prototype,{$$:{value:record,writable:true}}))};function RegisteredPointer_fromWireType(ptr){var rawPointer=this.getPointee(ptr);if(!rawPointer){this.destructor(ptr);return null}var registeredInstance=getInheritedInstance(this.registeredClass,rawPointer);if(undefined!==registeredInstance){if(0===registeredInstance.$$.count.value){registeredInstance.$$.ptr=rawPointer;registeredInstance.$$.smartPtr=ptr;return registeredInstance["clone"]()}else{var rv=registeredInstance["clone"]();this.destructor(ptr);return rv}}function makeDefaultHandle(){if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this.pointeeType,ptr:rawPointer,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this,ptr})}}var actualType=this.registeredClass.getActualType(rawPointer);var registeredPointerRecord=registeredPointers[actualType];if(!registeredPointerRecord){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}var toType;if(this.isConst){toType=registeredPointerRecord.constPointerType}else{toType=registeredPointerRecord.pointerType}var dp=downcastPointer(rawPointer,this.registeredClass,toType.registeredClass);if(dp===null){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp})}}var init_RegisteredPointer=()=>{Object.assign(RegisteredPointer.prototype,{getPointee(ptr){if(this.rawGetPointee){ptr=this.rawGetPointee(ptr)}return ptr},destructor(ptr){this.rawDestructor?.(ptr)},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,fromWireType:RegisteredPointer_fromWireType})};function RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,isReference,isConst,isSmartPointer,pointeeType,sharingPolicy,rawGetPointee,rawConstructor,rawShare,rawDestructor){this.name=name;this.registeredClass=registeredClass;this.isReference=isReference;this.isConst=isConst;this.isSmartPointer=isSmartPointer;this.pointeeType=pointeeType;this.sharingPolicy=sharingPolicy;this.rawGetPointee=rawGetPointee;this.rawConstructor=rawConstructor;this.rawShare=rawShare;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;if(!isSmartPointer&&registeredClass.baseClass===undefined){if(isConst){this.toWireType=constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}else{this.toWireType=nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}}else{this.toWireType=genericPointerToWireType}}var replacePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(!Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){throwInternalError("Replacing nonexistent public symbol")}if(undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==numArguments){Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var wasmTableMirror=[];var getWasmTableEntry=funcPtr=>{var func=wasmTableMirror[funcPtr];if(!func){wasmTableMirror[funcPtr]=func=wasmTable.get(funcPtr)}return func};var embind__requireFunction=(signature,rawFunction,isAsync=false)=>{signature=AsciiToString(signature);function makeDynCaller(){var rtn=getWasmTableEntry(rawFunction);return rtn}var fp=makeDynCaller();if(typeof fp!="function"){throwBindingError(`unknown function pointer with signature ${signature}: ${rawFunction}`)}return fp};class UnboundTypeError extends Error{}var throwUnboundTypeError=(message,types)=>{var unboundTypes=[];var seen={};function visit(type){if(seen[type]){return}if(registeredTypes[type]){return}if(typeDependencies[type]){typeDependencies[type].forEach(visit);return}unboundTypes.push(type);seen[type]=true}types.forEach(visit);throw new UnboundTypeError(`${message}: `+unboundTypes.map(getTypeName).join([", "]))};var __embind_register_class=(rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType,baseClassRawType,getActualTypeSignature,getActualType,upcastSignature,upcast,downcastSignature,downcast,name,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);getActualType=embind__requireFunction(getActualTypeSignature,getActualType);upcast&&=embind__requireFunction(upcastSignature,upcast);downcast&&=embind__requireFunction(downcastSignature,downcast);rawDestructor=embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor);var legalFunctionName=makeLegalFunctionName(name);exposePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${name} due to unbound types`,[baseClassRawType])});whenDependentTypesAreResolved([rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType],baseClassRawType?[baseClassRawType]:[],base=>{base=base[0];var baseClass;var basePrototype;if(baseClassRawType){baseClass=base.registeredClass;basePrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype}else{basePrototype=ClassHandle.prototype}var constructor=createNamedFunction(name,function(...args){if(Object.getPrototypeOf(this)!==instancePrototype){throw new BindingError(`Use 'new' to construct ${name}`)}if(undefined===registeredClass.constructor_body){throw new BindingError(`${name} has no accessible constructor`)}var body=registeredClass.constructor_body[args.length];if(undefined===body){throw new BindingError(`Tried to invoke ctor of ${name} with invalid number of parameters (${args.length}) - expected (${Object.keys(registeredClass.constructor_body).toString()}) parameters instead!`)}return body.apply(this,args)});var instancePrototype=Object.create(basePrototype,{constructor:{value:constructor}});constructor.prototype=instancePrototype;var registeredClass=new RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast);if(registeredClass.baseClass){registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses??=[];registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses.push(registeredClass)}var referenceConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,true,false,false);var pointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+"*",registeredClass,false,false,false);var constPointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+" const*",registeredClass,false,true,false);registeredPointers[rawType]={pointerType:pointerConverter,constPointerType:constPointerConverter};replacePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,constructor);return[referenceConverter,pointerConverter,constPointerConverter]})};function usesDestructorStack(argTypes){for(var i=1;i<argTypes.length;++i){if(argTypes[i]!==null&&argTypes[i].destructorFunction===undefined){return true}}return false}function craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,cppInvokerFunc,cppTargetFunc,isAsync){var argCount=argTypes.length;if(argCount<2){throwBindingError("argTypes array size mismatch! Must at least get return value and 'this' types!")}var isClassMethodFunc=argTypes[1]!==null&&classType!==null;var needsDestructorStack=usesDestructorStack(argTypes);var returns=!argTypes[0].isVoid;var expectedArgCount=argCount-2;var argsWired=new Array(expectedArgCount);var invokerFuncArgs=[];var destructors=[];var invokerFn=function(...args){destructors.length=0;var thisWired;invokerFuncArgs.length=isClassMethodFunc?2:1;invokerFuncArgs[0]=cppTargetFunc;if(isClassMethodFunc){thisWired=argTypes[1].toWireType(destructors,this);invokerFuncArgs[1]=thisWired}for(var i=0;i<expectedArgCount;++i){argsWired[i]=argTypes[i+2].toWireType(destructors,args[i]);invokerFuncArgs.push(argsWired[i])}var rv=cppInvokerFunc(...invokerFuncArgs);function onDone(rv){if(needsDestructorStack){runDestructors(destructors)}else{for(var i=isClassMethodFunc?1:2;i<argTypes.length;i++){var param=i===1?thisWired:argsWired[i-2];if(argTypes[i].destructorFunction!==null){argTypes[i].destructorFunction(param)}}}if(returns){return argTypes[0].fromWireType(rv)}}return onDone(rv)};return createNamedFunction(humanName,invokerFn)}var heap32VectorToArray=(count,firstElement)=>{var array=[];for(var i=0;i<count;i++){array.push(HEAPU32[firstElement+i*4>>2])}return array};var getFunctionName=signature=>{signature=signature.trim();const argsIndex=signature.indexOf("(");if(argsIndex===-1)return signature;return signature.slice(0,argsIndex)};var __embind_register_class_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}var proto=classType.registeredClass.constructor;if(undefined===proto[methodName]){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));var func=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){func.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=func}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=func}if(classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){for(const derivedClass of classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){if(!derivedClass.constructor.hasOwnProperty(methodName)){derivedClass.constructor[methodName]=func}}}return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_constructor=(rawClassType,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,invoker,rawConstructor)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);invoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,invoker);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`constructor ${classType.name}`;if(undefined===classType.registeredClass.constructor_body){classType.registeredClass.constructor_body=[]}if(undefined!==classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]){throw new BindingError(`Cannot register multiple constructors with identical number of parameters (${argCount-1}) for class '${classType.name}'! Overload resolution is currently only performed using the parameter count, not actual type info!`)}classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=()=>{throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${classType.name} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)};whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{argTypes.splice(1,0,null);classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,null,invoker,rawConstructor);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,context,isPureVirtual,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}if(isPureVirtual){classType.registeredClass.pureVirtualFunctions.push(methodName)}function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}var proto=classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype;var method=proto[methodName];if(undefined===method||undefined===method.overloadTable&&method.className!==classType.name&&method.argCount===argCount-2){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-2;unboundTypesHandler.className=classType.name;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var memberFunction=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,rawInvoker,context,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){memberFunction.argCount=argCount-2;proto[methodName]=memberFunction}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=memberFunction}return[]});return[]})};var validateThis=(this_,classType,humanName)=>{if(!(this_ instanceof Object)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} with invalid "this": ${this_}`)}if(!(this_ instanceof classType.registeredClass.constructor)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} incompatible with "this" of type ${this_.constructor.name}`)}if(!this_.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`cannot call emscripten binding method ${humanName} on deleted object`)}return upcastPointer(this_.$$.ptr,this_.$$.ptrType.registeredClass,classType.registeredClass)};var __embind_register_class_property=(classType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{fieldName=AsciiToString(fieldName);getter=embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[classType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${fieldName}`;var desc={get(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])},enumerable:true,configurable:true};if(setter){desc.set=()=>throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])}else{desc.set=v=>throwBindingError(humanName+" is a read-only property")}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],setter?[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType]:[getterReturnType],types=>{var getterReturnType=types[0];var desc={get(){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" getter");return getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr))},enumerable:true};if(setter){setter=embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter);var setterArgumentType=types[1];desc.set=function(v){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" setter");var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,v));runDestructors(destructors)}}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_constant=(name,type,value)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[type],type=>{type=type[0];Module[name]=type.fromWireType(value);return[]})};var __emval_decref=handle=>{if(handle>9&&0===--emval_handles[handle+1]){emval_handles[handle]=undefined;emval_freelist.push(handle)}};var EmValType={name:"emscripten::val",fromWireType:handle=>{var rv=Emval.toValue(handle);__emval_decref(handle);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>Emval.toHandle(value),readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:null};var __embind_register_emval=rawType=>registerType(rawType,EmValType);var enumReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP8[pointer])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])};case 2:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP16[pointer>>1])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU16[pointer>>1])};case 4:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP32[pointer>>2])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};function getEnumValueType(rawValueType){return rawValueType===0?"object":rawValueType===1?"number":"string"}var __embind_register_enum=(rawType,name,size,isSigned,rawValueType)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const valueType=getEnumValueType(rawValueType);switch(valueType){case"object":{function ctor(){}ctor.values={};registerType(rawType,{name,constructor:ctor,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.constructor.values[c]},toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c.value,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,ctor);break}case"number":{var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:c=>c,toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}case"string":{var valuesMap={};var reverseMap={};var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,valuesMap,reverseMap,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.reverseMap[c]},toWireType:function(destructors,c){return this.valuesMap[c]},readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}}};var __embind_register_enum_value=(rawEnumType,name,enumValue)=>{var enumType=requireRegisteredType(rawEnumType,"enum");name=AsciiToString(name);switch(enumType.valueType){case"object":{var Enum=enumType.constructor;var Value=Object.create(enumType.constructor.prototype,{value:{value:enumValue},constructor:{value:createNamedFunction(`${enumType.name}_${name}`,function(){})}});Enum.values[enumValue]=Value;Enum[name]=Value;break}case"number":{enumType.keysMap[name]=enumValue;break}case"string":{enumType.valuesMap[name]=enumValue;enumType.reverseMap[enumValue]=name;enumType.keysMap[name]=name;break}}};var floatReadValueFromPointer=(name,width)=>{switch(width){case 4:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF32[pointer>>2])};case 8:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF64[pointer>>3])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid float width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_float=(rawType,name,size)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>value,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:floatReadValueFromPointer(name,size),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_function=(name,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,signature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var argTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);name=AsciiToString(name);name=getFunctionName(name);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(signature,rawInvoker,isAsync);exposePublicSymbol(name,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${name} due to unbound types`,argTypes)},argCount-1);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],argTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));replacePublicSymbol(name,craftInvokerFunction(name,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync),argCount-1);return[]})};var __embind_register_integer=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){var bitshift=32-8*size;fromWireType=value=>value<<bitshift>>>bitshift;maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,minRange!==0),destructorFunction:null})};var installIndexedIterator=(proto,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{const makeIterator=(size,getValue)=>{let index=0;return{next(){if(index>=size){return{done:true}}const current=index;index++;const value=getValue(current);return{value,done:false}},[Symbol.iterator](){return this}}};if(!proto[Symbol.iterator]){proto[Symbol.iterator]=function(){const size=this[sizeMethodName]();return makeIterator(size,i=>this[getMethodName](i))}}};var __embind_register_iterable=(rawClassType,rawElementType,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{sizeMethodName=AsciiToString(sizeMethodName);getMethodName=AsciiToString(getMethodName);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType,rawElementType],types=>{const classType=types[0];installIndexedIterator(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,sizeMethodName,getMethodName);return[]})};var __embind_register_memory_view=(rawType,dataTypeIndex,name)=>{var typeMapping=[Int8Array,Uint8Array,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array,BigInt64Array,BigUint64Array];var TA=typeMapping[dataTypeIndex];function decodeMemoryView(handle){var size=HEAPU32[handle>>2];var data=HEAPU32[handle+4>>2];return new TA(HEAP8.buffer,data,size)}name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:decodeMemoryView,readValueFromPointer:decodeMemoryView},{ignoreDuplicateRegistrations:true})};var EmValOptionalType=Object.assign({optional:true},EmValType);var __embind_register_optional=(rawOptionalType,rawType)=>{registerType(rawOptionalType,EmValOptionalType)};var stringToUTF8Array=(str,heap,outIdx,maxBytesToWrite)=>{if(!(maxBytesToWrite>0))return 0;var startIdx=outIdx;var endIdx=outIdx+maxBytesToWrite-1;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var u=str.codePointAt(i);if(u<=127){if(outIdx>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=u}else if(u<=2047){if(outIdx+1>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=192|u>>6;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else if(u<=65535){if(outIdx+2>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=224|u>>12;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else{if(outIdx+3>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=240|u>>18;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>12&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63;i++}}heap[outIdx]=0;return outIdx-startIdx};var stringToUTF8=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>stringToUTF8Array(str,HEAPU8,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite);var lengthBytesUTF8=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var c=str.charCodeAt(i);if(c<=127){len++}else if(c<=2047){len+=2}else if(c>=55296&&c<=57343){len+=4;++i}else{len+=3}}return len};var UTF8Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder&&new TextDecoder;var findStringEnd=(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var maxIdx=idx+maxBytesToRead;if(ignoreNul)return maxIdx;while(heapOrArray[idx]&&!(idx>=maxIdx))++idx;return idx};var UTF8ArrayToString=(heapOrArray,idx=0,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var endPtr=findStringEnd(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul);if(endPtr-idx>16&&heapOrArray.buffer&&UTF8Decoder){return UTF8Decoder.decode(heapOrArray.subarray(idx,endPtr))}var str="";while(idx<endPtr){var u0=heapOrArray[idx++];if(!(u0&128)){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0);continue}var u1=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&224)==192){str+=String.fromCharCode((u0&31)<<6|u1);continue}var u2=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&240)==224){u0=(u0&15)<<12|u1<<6|u2}else{u0=(u0&7)<<18|u1<<12|u2<<6|heapOrArray[idx++]&63}if(u0<65536){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0)}else{var ch=u0-65536;str+=String.fromCharCode(55296|ch>>10,56320|ch&1023)}}return str};var UTF8ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>ptr?UTF8ArrayToString(HEAPU8,ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul):"";var __embind_register_std_string=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var stdStringIsUTF8=true;registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType(value){var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var payload=value+4;var str;if(stdStringIsUTF8){str=UTF8ToString(payload,length,true)}else{str="";for(var i=0;i<length;++i){str+=String.fromCharCode(HEAPU8[payload+i])}}_free(value);return str},toWireType(destructors,value){if(value instanceof ArrayBuffer){value=new Uint8Array(value)}var length;var valueIsOfTypeString=typeof value=="string";if(!(valueIsOfTypeString||ArrayBuffer.isView(value)&&value.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT==1)){throwBindingError("Cannot pass non-string to std::string")}if(stdStringIsUTF8&&valueIsOfTypeString){length=lengthBytesUTF8(value)}else{length=value.length}var base=_malloc(4+length+1);var ptr=base+4;HEAPU32[base>>2]=length;if(valueIsOfTypeString){if(stdStringIsUTF8){stringToUTF8(value,ptr,length+1)}else{for(var i=0;i<length;++i){var charCode=value.charCodeAt(i);if(charCode>255){_free(base);throwBindingError("String has UTF-16 code units that do not fit in 8 bits")}HEAPU8[ptr+i]=charCode}}}else{HEAPU8.set(value,ptr)}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,base)}return base},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var UTF16Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder?new TextDecoder("utf-16le"):undefined;var UTF16ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var idx=ptr>>1;var endIdx=findStringEnd(HEAPU16,idx,maxBytesToRead/2,ignoreNul);if(endIdx-idx>16&&UTF16Decoder)return UTF16Decoder.decode(HEAPU16.subarray(idx,endIdx));var str="";for(var i=idx;i<endIdx;++i){var codeUnit=HEAPU16[i];str+=String.fromCharCode(codeUnit)}return str};var stringToUTF16=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<2)return 0;maxBytesToWrite-=2;var startPtr=outPtr;var numCharsToWrite=maxBytesToWrite<str.length*2?maxBytesToWrite/2:str.length;for(var i=0;i<numCharsToWrite;++i){var codeUnit=str.charCodeAt(i);HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=codeUnit;outPtr+=2}HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF16=str=>str.length*2;var UTF32ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var str="";var startIdx=ptr>>2;for(var i=0;!(i>=maxBytesToRead/4);i++){var utf32=HEAPU32[startIdx+i];if(!utf32&&!ignoreNul)break;str+=String.fromCodePoint(utf32)}return str};var stringToUTF32=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<4)return 0;var startPtr=outPtr;var endPtr=startPtr+maxBytesToWrite-4;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=codePoint;outPtr+=4;if(outPtr+4>endPtr)break}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF32=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}len+=4}return len};var __embind_register_std_wstring=(rawType,charSize,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var decodeString,encodeString,lengthBytesUTF;if(charSize===2){decodeString=UTF16ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF16;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF16}else{decodeString=UTF32ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF32;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF32}registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>{var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var str=decodeString(value+4,length*charSize,true);_free(value);return str},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(!(typeof value=="string")){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass non-string to C++ string type ${name}`)}var length=lengthBytesUTF(value);var ptr=_malloc(4+length+charSize);HEAPU32[ptr>>2]=length/charSize;encodeString(value,ptr+4,length+charSize);if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var __embind_register_value_object=(rawType,name,constructorSignature,rawConstructor,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{structRegistrations[rawType]={name:AsciiToString(name),rawConstructor:embind__requireFunction(constructorSignature,rawConstructor),rawDestructor:embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor),fields:[]}};var __embind_register_value_object_field=(structType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{structRegistrations[structType].fields.push({fieldName:AsciiToString(fieldName),getterReturnType,getter:embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter),getterContext,setterArgumentType,setter:embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter),setterContext})};var __embind_register_void=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{isVoid:true,name,fromWireType:()=>undefined,toWireType:(destructors,o)=>undefined})};var runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0;var __emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear=()=>{noExitRuntime=false;runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0};var emval_methodCallers=[];var emval_addMethodCaller=caller=>{var id=emval_methodCallers.length;emval_methodCallers.push(caller);return id};var emval_lookupTypes=(argCount,argTypes)=>{var a=new Array(argCount);for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){a[i]=requireRegisteredType(HEAPU32[argTypes+i*4>>2],`parameter ${i}`)}return a};var emval_returnValue=(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,handle)=>{var destructors=[];var result=toReturnWire(destructors,handle);if(destructors.length){HEAPU32[destructorsRef>>2]=Emval.toHandle(destructors)}return result};var emval_symbols={};var getStringOrSymbol=address=>{var symbol=emval_symbols[address];if(symbol===undefined){return AsciiToString(address)}return symbol};var __emval_create_invoker=(argCount,argTypesPtr,kind)=>{var GenericWireTypeSize=8;var[retType,...argTypes]=emval_lookupTypes(argCount,argTypesPtr);var toReturnWire=retType.toWireType.bind(retType);var argFromPtr=argTypes.map(type=>type.readValueFromPointer.bind(type));argCount--;var argN=new Array(argCount);var invokerFunction=(handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>{var offset=0;for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){argN[i]=argFromPtr[i](args+offset);offset+=GenericWireTypeSize}var rv;switch(kind){case 0:rv=Emval.toValue(handle).apply(null,argN);break;case 2:rv=Reflect.construct(Emval.toValue(handle),argN);break;case 3:rv=argN[0];break;case 1:rv=Emval.toValue(handle)[getStringOrSymbol(methodName)](...argN);break}return emval_returnValue(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,rv)};var functionName=`methodCaller<(${argTypes.map(t=>t.name)}) => ${retType.name}>`;return emval_addMethodCaller(createNamedFunction(functionName,invokerFunction))};var __emval_invoke=(caller,handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>emval_methodCallers[caller](handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args);var __emval_new_cstring=v=>Emval.toHandle(getStringOrSymbol(v));var __emval_new_object=()=>Emval.toHandle({});var __emval_run_destructors=handle=>{var destructors=Emval.toValue(handle);runDestructors(destructors);__emval_decref(handle)};var __emval_set_property=(handle,key,value)=>{handle=Emval.toValue(handle);key=Emval.toValue(key);value=Emval.toValue(value);handle[key]=value};var timers={};var handleException=e=>{if(e instanceof ExitStatus||e=="unwind"){return EXITSTATUS}quit_(1,e)};var keepRuntimeAlive=()=>noExitRuntime||runtimeKeepaliveCounter>0;var _proc_exit=code=>{EXITSTATUS=code;if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){Module["onExit"]?.(code);ABORT=true}quit_(code,new ExitStatus(code))};var exitJS=(status,implicit)=>{EXITSTATUS=status;_proc_exit(status)};var _exit=exitJS;var maybeExit=()=>{if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){try{_exit(EXITSTATUS)}catch(e){handleException(e)}}};var callUserCallback=func=>{if(ABORT){return}try{return func()}catch(e){handleException(e)}finally{maybeExit()}};var _emscripten_get_now=()=>performance.now();var __setitimer_js=(which,timeout_ms)=>{if(timers[which]){clearTimeout(timers[which].id);delete timers[which]}if(!timeout_ms)return 0;var id=setTimeout(()=>{delete timers[which];callUserCallback(()=>__emscripten_timeout(which,_emscripten_get_now()))},timeout_ms);timers[which]={id,timeout_ms};return 0};var _emscripten_date_now=()=>Date.now();var getHeapMax=()=>2147483648;var alignMemory=(size,alignment)=>Math.ceil(size/alignment)*alignment;var growMemory=size=>{var oldHeapSize=wasmMemory.buffer.byteLength;var pages=(size-oldHeapSize+65535)/65536|0;try{wasmMemory.grow(pages);updateMemoryViews();return 1}catch(e){}};var _emscripten_resize_heap=requestedSize=>{var oldSize=HEAPU8.length;requestedSize>>>=0;var maxHeapSize=getHeapMax();if(requestedSize>maxHeapSize){return false}for(var cutDown=1;cutDown<=4;cutDown*=2){var overGrownHeapSize=oldSize*(1+.2/cutDown);overGrownHeapSize=Math.min(overGrownHeapSize,requestedSize+100663296);var newSize=Math.min(maxHeapSize,alignMemory(Math.max(requestedSize,overGrownHeapSize),65536));var replacement=growMemory(newSize);if(replacement){return true}}return false};var printCharBuffers=[null,[],[]];var printChar=(stream,curr)=>{var buffer=printCharBuffers[stream];if(curr===0||curr===10){(stream===1?out:err)(UTF8ArrayToString(buffer));buffer.length=0}else{buffer.push(curr)}};var _fd_write=(fd,iov,iovcnt,pnum)=>{var num=0;for(var i=0;i<iovcnt;i++){var ptr=HEAPU32[iov>>2];var len=HEAPU32[iov+4>>2];iov+=8;for(var j=0;j<len;j++){printChar(fd,HEAPU8[ptr+j])}num+=len}HEAPU32[pnum>>2]=num;return 0};init_ClassHandle();init_RegisteredPointer();{if(Module["noExitRuntime"])noExitRuntime=Module["noExitRuntime"];if(Module["print"])out=Module["print"];if(Module["printErr"])err=Module["printErr"];if(Module["wasmBinary"])wasmBinary=Module["wasmBinary"];if(Module["arguments"])arguments_=Module["arguments"];if(Module["thisProgram"])thisProgram=Module["thisProgram"];if(Module["preInit"]){if(typeof Module["preInit"]=="function")Module["preInit"]=[Module["preInit"]];while(Module["preInit"].length>0){Module["preInit"].shift()()}}}var ___getTypeName,_free,_malloc,__emscripten_timeout,memory,__indirect_function_table,wasmMemory,wasmTable;function assignWasmExports(wasmExports){___getTypeName=wasmExports["Q"];_free=Module["_free"]=wasmExports["R"];_malloc=Module["_malloc"]=wasmExports["S"];__emscripten_timeout=wasmExports["U"];memory=wasmMemory=wasmExports["O"];__indirect_function_table=wasmTable=wasmExports["T"]}var wasmImports={J:__abort_js,x:__embind_create_inheriting_constructor,s:__embind_finalize_value_object,z:__embind_register_bigint,A:__embind_register_bool,b:__embind_register_class,p:__embind_register_class_class_function,e:__embind_register_class_constructor,a:__embind_register_class_function,d:__embind_register_class_property,K:__embind_register_constant,M:__embind_register_emval,l:__embind_register_enum,f:__embind_register_enum_value,y:__embind_register_float,g:__embind_register_function,o:__embind_register_integer,q:__embind_register_iterable,h:__embind_register_memory_view,r:__embind_register_optional,N:__embind_register_std_string,u:__embind_register_std_wstring,t:__embind_register_value_object,m:__embind_register_value_object_field,B:__embind_register_void,D:__emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear,k:__emval_create_invoker,n:__emval_decref,j:__emval_invoke,v:__emval_new_cstring,L:__emval_new_object,i:__emval_run_destructors,w:__emval_set_property,E:__setitimer_js,I:_emscripten_date_now,c:_emscripten_get_now,F:_emscripten_resize_heap,G:_exit,H:_fd_write,C:_proc_exit};function run(){preRun();function doRun(){Module["calledRun"]=true;if(ABORT)return;initRuntime();readyPromiseResolve?.(Module);Module["onRuntimeInitialized"]?.();postRun()}if(Module["setStatus"]){Module["setStatus"]("Running...");setTimeout(()=>{setTimeout(()=>Module["setStatus"](""),1);doRun()},1)}else{doRun()}}var wasmExports;wasmExports=await (createWasm());run();if(runtimeInitialized){moduleRtn=Module}else{moduleRtn=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{readyPromiseResolve=resolve;readyPromiseReject=reject})}
+var PHYSX=(()=>{var _scriptName=globalThis.document?.currentScript?.src;return async function(moduleArg={}){var moduleRtn;var Module=moduleArg;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB=!!globalThis.window;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER=!!globalThis.WorkerGlobalScope;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE=globalThis.process?.versions?.node&&globalThis.process?.type!="renderer";var arguments_=[];var thisProgram="./this.program";var quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{throw toThrow};if(typeof __filename!="undefined"){_scriptName=__filename}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){_scriptName=self.location.href}var scriptDirectory="";function locateFile(path){if(Module["locateFile"]){return Module["locateFile"](path,scriptDirectory)}return scriptDirectory+path}var readAsync,readBinary;if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){var fs=require("node:fs");scriptDirectory=__dirname+"/";readBinary=filename=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename);return ret};readAsync=async(filename,binary=true)=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename,binary?undefined:"utf8");return ret};if(process.argv.length>1){thisProgram=process.argv[1].replace(/\\/g,"/")}arguments_=process.argv.slice(2);quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{process.exitCode=status;throw toThrow}}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB||ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){try{scriptDirectory=new URL(".",_scriptName).href}catch{}{if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){readBinary=url=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,false);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.send(null);return new Uint8Array(xhr.response)}}readAsync=async url=>{if(isFileURI(url)){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,true);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.onload=()=>{if(xhr.status==200||xhr.status==0&&xhr.response){resolve(xhr.response);return}reject(xhr.status)};xhr.onerror=reject;xhr.send(null)})}var response=await fetch(url,{credentials:"same-origin"});if(response.ok){return response.arrayBuffer()}throw new Error(response.status+" : "+response.url)}}}else{}var out=console.log.bind(console);var err=console.error.bind(console);var wasmBinary;var ABORT=false;var EXITSTATUS;var isFileURI=filename=>filename.startsWith("file://");var readyPromiseResolve,readyPromiseReject;var HEAP8,HEAPU8,HEAP16,HEAPU16,HEAP32,HEAPU32,HEAPF32,HEAPF64;var HEAP64,HEAPU64;var runtimeInitialized=false;function updateMemoryViews(){var b=wasmMemory.buffer;HEAP8=new Int8Array(b);HEAP16=new Int16Array(b);HEAPU8=new Uint8Array(b);Module["HEAPU16"]=HEAPU16=new Uint16Array(b);HEAP32=new Int32Array(b);Module["HEAPU32"]=HEAPU32=new Uint32Array(b);Module["HEAPF32"]=HEAPF32=new Float32Array(b);HEAPF64=new Float64Array(b);HEAP64=new BigInt64Array(b);HEAPU64=new BigUint64Array(b)}function preRun(){if(Module["preRun"]){if(typeof Module["preRun"]=="function")Module["preRun"]=[Module["preRun"]];while(Module["preRun"].length){addOnPreRun(Module["preRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPreRuns)}function initRuntime(){runtimeInitialized=true;wasmExports["P"]()}function postRun(){if(Module["postRun"]){if(typeof Module["postRun"]=="function")Module["postRun"]=[Module["postRun"]];while(Module["postRun"].length){addOnPostRun(Module["postRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPostRuns)}function abort(what){Module["onAbort"]?.(what);what="Aborted("+what+")";err(what);ABORT=true;what+=". Build with -sASSERTIONS for more info.";var e=new WebAssembly.RuntimeError(what);readyPromiseReject?.(e);throw e}var wasmBinaryFile;function findWasmBinary(){return locateFile("physx.release.simd.wasm")}function getBinarySync(file){if(file==wasmBinaryFile&&wasmBinary){return new Uint8Array(wasmBinary)}if(readBinary){return readBinary(file)}throw"both async and sync fetching of the wasm failed"}async function getWasmBinary(binaryFile){if(!wasmBinary){try{var response=await readAsync(binaryFile);return new Uint8Array(response)}catch{}}return getBinarySync(binaryFile)}async function instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports){try{var binary=await getWasmBinary(binaryFile);var instance=await WebAssembly.instantiate(binary,imports);return instance}catch(reason){err(`failed to asynchronously prepare wasm: ${reason}`);abort(reason)}}async function instantiateAsync(binary,binaryFile,imports){if(!binary&&!isFileURI(binaryFile)&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){try{var response=fetch(binaryFile,{credentials:"same-origin"});var instantiationResult=await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(response,imports);return instantiationResult}catch(reason){err(`wasm streaming compile failed: ${reason}`);err("falling back to ArrayBuffer instantiation")}}return instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports)}function getWasmImports(){var imports={a:wasmImports};return imports}async function createWasm(){function receiveInstance(instance,module){wasmExports=instance.exports;assignWasmExports(wasmExports);updateMemoryViews();return wasmExports}function receiveInstantiationResult(result){return receiveInstance(result["instance"])}var info=getWasmImports();if(Module["instantiateWasm"]){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{Module["instantiateWasm"](info,(inst,mod)=>{resolve(receiveInstance(inst,mod))})})}wasmBinaryFile??=findWasmBinary();var result=await instantiateAsync(wasmBinary,wasmBinaryFile,info);var exports=receiveInstantiationResult(result);return exports}class ExitStatus{name="ExitStatus";constructor(status){this.message=`Program terminated with exit(${status})`;this.status=status}}var callRuntimeCallbacks=callbacks=>{while(callbacks.length>0){callbacks.shift()(Module)}};var onPostRuns=[];var addOnPostRun=cb=>onPostRuns.push(cb);var onPreRuns=[];var addOnPreRun=cb=>onPreRuns.push(cb);var noExitRuntime=true;var __abort_js=()=>abort("");var createNamedFunction=(name,func)=>Object.defineProperty(func,"name",{value:name});var emval_freelist=[];var emval_handles=[0,1,,1,null,1,true,1,false,1];var BindingError=class BindingError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="BindingError"}};var throwBindingError=message=>{throw new BindingError(message)};var Emval={toValue:handle=>{if(!handle){throwBindingError(`Cannot use deleted val. handle = ${handle}`)}return emval_handles[handle]},toHandle:value=>{switch(value){case undefined:return 2;case null:return 4;case true:return 6;case false:return 8;default:{const handle=emval_freelist.pop()||emval_handles.length;emval_handles[handle]=value;emval_handles[handle+1]=1;return handle}}}};class PureVirtualError extends Error{}var AsciiToString=ptr=>{var str="";while(1){var ch=HEAPU8[ptr++];if(!ch)return str;str+=String.fromCharCode(ch)}};var registeredInstances={};var getBasestPointer=(class_,ptr)=>{if(ptr===undefined){throwBindingError("ptr should not be undefined")}while(class_.baseClass){ptr=class_.upcast(ptr);class_=class_.baseClass}return ptr};var registerInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr,instance)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){throwBindingError(`Tried to register registered instance: ${ptr}`)}else{registeredInstances[ptr]=instance}};var registeredTypes={};var getTypeName=type=>{var ptr=___getTypeName(type);var rv=AsciiToString(ptr);_free(ptr);return rv};var requireRegisteredType=(rawType,humanName)=>{var impl=registeredTypes[rawType];if(undefined===impl){throwBindingError(`${humanName} has unknown type ${getTypeName(rawType)}`)}return impl};var unregisterInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){delete registeredInstances[ptr]}else{throwBindingError(`Tried to unregister unregistered instance: ${ptr}`)}};var detachFinalizer=handle=>{};var finalizationRegistry=false;var runDestructor=$$=>{if($$.smartPtr){$$.smartPtrType.rawDestructor($$.smartPtr)}else{$$.ptrType.registeredClass.rawDestructor($$.ptr)}};var releaseClassHandle=$$=>{$$.count.value-=1;var toDelete=0===$$.count.value;if(toDelete){runDestructor($$)}};var attachFinalizer=handle=>{if(!globalThis.FinalizationRegistry){attachFinalizer=handle=>handle;return handle}finalizationRegistry=new FinalizationRegistry(info=>{releaseClassHandle(info.$$)});attachFinalizer=handle=>{var $$=handle.$$;var hasSmartPtr=!!$$.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtr){var info={$$};finalizationRegistry.register(handle,info,handle)}return handle};detachFinalizer=handle=>finalizationRegistry.unregister(handle);return attachFinalizer(handle)};var __embind_create_inheriting_constructor=(constructorName,wrapperType,properties)=>{constructorName=AsciiToString(constructorName);wrapperType=requireRegisteredType(wrapperType,"wrapper");properties=Emval.toValue(properties);var registeredClass=wrapperType.registeredClass;var wrapperPrototype=registeredClass.instancePrototype;var baseClass=registeredClass.baseClass;var baseClassPrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype;var baseConstructor=registeredClass.baseClass.constructor;var ctor=createNamedFunction(constructorName,function(...args){for(var name of registeredClass.baseClass.pureVirtualFunctions){if(this[name]===baseClassPrototype[name]){throw new PureVirtualError(`Pure virtual function ${name} must be implemented in JavaScript`)}}Object.defineProperty(this,"__parent",{value:wrapperPrototype});this["__construct"](...args)});wrapperPrototype["__construct"]=function __construct(...args){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __construct")}var inner=baseConstructor["implement"](this,...args);detachFinalizer(inner);var $$=inner.$$;inner["notifyOnDestruction"]();$$.preservePointerOnDelete=true;Object.defineProperties(this,{$$:{value:$$}});attachFinalizer(this);registerInheritedInstance(registeredClass,$$.ptr,this)};wrapperPrototype["__destruct"]=function __destruct(){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __destruct")}detachFinalizer(this);unregisterInheritedInstance(registeredClass,this.$$.ptr)};ctor.prototype=Object.create(wrapperPrototype);Object.assign(ctor.prototype,properties);return Emval.toHandle(ctor)};var structRegistrations={};var runDestructors=destructors=>{while(destructors.length){var ptr=destructors.pop();var del=destructors.pop();del(ptr)}};function readPointer(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])}var awaitingDependencies={};var typeDependencies={};var InternalError=class InternalError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="InternalError"}};var throwInternalError=message=>{throw new InternalError(message)};var whenDependentTypesAreResolved=(myTypes,dependentTypes,getTypeConverters)=>{myTypes.forEach(type=>typeDependencies[type]=dependentTypes);function onComplete(typeConverters){var myTypeConverters=getTypeConverters(typeConverters);if(myTypeConverters.length!==myTypes.length){throwInternalError("Mismatched type converter count")}for(var i=0;i<myTypes.length;++i){registerType(myTypes[i],myTypeConverters[i])}}var typeConverters=new Array(dependentTypes.length);var unregisteredTypes=[];var registered=0;for(let[i,dt]of dependentTypes.entries()){if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(dt)){typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt]}else{unregisteredTypes.push(dt);if(!awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(dt)){awaitingDependencies[dt]=[]}awaitingDependencies[dt].push(()=>{typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt];++registered;if(registered===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}})}}if(0===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}};var __embind_finalize_value_object=structType=>{var reg=structRegistrations[structType];delete structRegistrations[structType];var rawConstructor=reg.rawConstructor;var rawDestructor=reg.rawDestructor;var fieldRecords=reg.fields;var fieldTypes=fieldRecords.map(field=>field.getterReturnType).concat(fieldRecords.map(field=>field.setterArgumentType));whenDependentTypesAreResolved([structType],fieldTypes,fieldTypes=>{var fields={};for(var[i,field]of fieldRecords.entries()){const getterReturnType=fieldTypes[i];const getter=field.getter;const getterContext=field.getterContext;const setterArgumentType=fieldTypes[i+fieldRecords.length];const setter=field.setter;const setterContext=field.setterContext;fields[field.fieldName]={read:ptr=>getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr)),write:(ptr,o)=>{var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,o));runDestructors(destructors)},optional:getterReturnType.optional}}return[{name:reg.name,fromWireType:ptr=>{var rv={};for(var i in fields){rv[i]=fields[i].read(ptr)}rawDestructor(ptr);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,o)=>{for(var fieldName in fields){if(!(fieldName in o)&&!fields[fieldName].optional){throw new TypeError(`Missing field: "${fieldName}"`)}}var ptr=rawConstructor();for(fieldName in fields){fields[fieldName].write(ptr,o[fieldName])}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:rawDestructor}]})};function sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){var name=registeredInstance.name;if(!rawType){throwBindingError(`type "${name}" must have a positive integer typeid pointer`)}if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){if(options.ignoreDuplicateRegistrations){return}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot register type '${name}' twice`)}}registeredTypes[rawType]=registeredInstance;delete typeDependencies[rawType];if(awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){var callbacks=awaitingDependencies[rawType];delete awaitingDependencies[rawType];callbacks.forEach(cb=>cb())}}function registerType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){return sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options)}var integerReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?pointer=>HEAP8[pointer]:pointer=>HEAPU8[pointer];case 2:return signed?pointer=>HEAP16[pointer>>1]:pointer=>HEAPU16[pointer>>1];case 4:return signed?pointer=>HEAP32[pointer>>2]:pointer=>HEAPU32[pointer>>2];case 8:return signed?pointer=>HEAP64[pointer>>3]:pointer=>HEAPU64[pointer>>3];default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_bigint=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0n;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){const bitSize=size*8;fromWireType=value=>BigInt.asUintN(bitSize,value);maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(typeof value=="number"){value=BigInt(value)}return value},readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,!isUnsignedType),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_bool=(rawType,name,trueValue,falseValue)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:function(wt){return!!wt},toWireType:function(destructors,o){return o?trueValue:falseValue},readValueFromPointer:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])},destructorFunction:null})};var shallowCopyInternalPointer=o=>({count:o.count,deleteScheduled:o.deleteScheduled,preservePointerOnDelete:o.preservePointerOnDelete,ptr:o.ptr,ptrType:o.ptrType,smartPtr:o.smartPtr,smartPtrType:o.smartPtrType});var throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted=obj=>{function getInstanceTypeName(handle){return handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass.name}throwBindingError(getInstanceTypeName(obj)+" instance already deleted")};var deletionQueue=[];var flushPendingDeletes=()=>{while(deletionQueue.length){var obj=deletionQueue.pop();obj.$$.deleteScheduled=false;obj["delete"]()}};var delayFunction;var init_ClassHandle=()=>{let proto=ClassHandle.prototype;Object.assign(proto,{isAliasOf(other){if(!(this instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}if(!(other instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}var leftClass=this.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var left=this.$$.ptr;other.$$=other.$$;var rightClass=other.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var right=other.$$.ptr;while(leftClass.baseClass){left=leftClass.upcast(left);leftClass=leftClass.baseClass}while(rightClass.baseClass){right=rightClass.upcast(right);rightClass=rightClass.baseClass}return leftClass===rightClass&&left===right},clone(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.count.value+=1;return this}else{var clone=attachFinalizer(Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this),{$$:{value:shallowCopyInternalPointer(this.$$)}}));clone.$$.count.value+=1;clone.$$.deleteScheduled=false;return clone}},delete(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}detachFinalizer(this);releaseClassHandle(this.$$);if(!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.smartPtr=undefined;this.$$.ptr=undefined}},isDeleted(){return!this.$$.ptr},deleteLater(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}deletionQueue.push(this);if(deletionQueue.length===1&&delayFunction){delayFunction(flushPendingDeletes)}this.$$.deleteScheduled=true;return this}});const symbolDispose=Symbol.dispose;if(symbolDispose){proto[symbolDispose]=proto["delete"]}};function ClassHandle(){}var registeredPointers={};var ensureOverloadTable=(proto,methodName,humanName)=>{if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){var prevFunc=proto[methodName];proto[methodName]=function(...args){if(!proto[methodName].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(args.length)){throwBindingError(`Function '${humanName}' called with an invalid number of arguments (${args.length}) - expects one of (${proto[methodName].overloadTable})!`)}return proto[methodName].overloadTable[args.length].apply(this,args)};proto[methodName].overloadTable=[];proto[methodName].overloadTable[prevFunc.argCount]=prevFunc}};var exposePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){if(undefined===numArguments||undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]){throwBindingError(`Cannot register public name '${name}' twice`)}ensureOverloadTable(Module,name,name);if(Module[name].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(numArguments)){throwBindingError(`Cannot register multiple overloads of a function with the same number of arguments (${numArguments})!`)}Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var char_0=48;var char_9=57;var makeLegalFunctionName=name=>{name=name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g,"$");var f=name.charCodeAt(0);if(f>=char_0&&f<=char_9){return`_${name}`}return name};function RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast){this.name=name;this.constructor=constructor;this.instancePrototype=instancePrototype;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;this.baseClass=baseClass;this.getActualType=getActualType;this.upcast=upcast;this.downcast=downcast;this.pureVirtualFunctions=[]}var upcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{while(ptrClass!==desiredClass){if(!ptrClass.upcast){throwBindingError(`Expected null or instance of ${desiredClass.name}, got an instance of ${ptrClass.name}`)}ptr=ptrClass.upcast(ptr);ptrClass=ptrClass.baseClass}return ptr};var embindRepr=v=>{if(v===null){return"null"}var t=typeof v;if(t==="object"||t==="array"||t==="function"){return v.toString()}else{return""+v}};function constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}function genericPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){var ptr;if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}if(this.isSmartPointer){ptr=this.rawConstructor();if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr}else{return 0}}if(!handle||!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(!this.isConst&&handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);if(this.isSmartPointer){if(undefined===handle.$$.smartPtr){throwBindingError("Passing raw pointer to smart pointer is illegal")}switch(this.sharingPolicy){case 0:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}break;case 1:ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr;break;case 2:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{var clonedHandle=handle["clone"]();ptr=this.rawShare(ptr,Emval.toHandle(()=>clonedHandle["delete"]()));if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}}break;default:throwBindingError("Unsupported sharing policy")}}return ptr}function nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}var downcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{if(ptrClass===desiredClass){return ptr}if(undefined===desiredClass.baseClass){return null}var rv=downcastPointer(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass.baseClass);if(rv===null){return null}return desiredClass.downcast(rv)};var getInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);return registeredInstances[ptr]};var makeClassHandle=(prototype,record)=>{if(!record.ptrType||!record.ptr){throwInternalError("makeClassHandle requires ptr and ptrType")}var hasSmartPtrType=!!record.smartPtrType;var hasSmartPtr=!!record.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtrType!==hasSmartPtr){throwInternalError("Both smartPtrType and smartPtr must be specified")}record.count={value:1};return attachFinalizer(Object.create(prototype,{$$:{value:record,writable:true}}))};function RegisteredPointer_fromWireType(ptr){var rawPointer=this.getPointee(ptr);if(!rawPointer){this.destructor(ptr);return null}var registeredInstance=getInheritedInstance(this.registeredClass,rawPointer);if(undefined!==registeredInstance){if(0===registeredInstance.$$.count.value){registeredInstance.$$.ptr=rawPointer;registeredInstance.$$.smartPtr=ptr;return registeredInstance["clone"]()}else{var rv=registeredInstance["clone"]();this.destructor(ptr);return rv}}function makeDefaultHandle(){if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this.pointeeType,ptr:rawPointer,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this,ptr})}}var actualType=this.registeredClass.getActualType(rawPointer);var registeredPointerRecord=registeredPointers[actualType];if(!registeredPointerRecord){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}var toType;if(this.isConst){toType=registeredPointerRecord.constPointerType}else{toType=registeredPointerRecord.pointerType}var dp=downcastPointer(rawPointer,this.registeredClass,toType.registeredClass);if(dp===null){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp})}}var init_RegisteredPointer=()=>{Object.assign(RegisteredPointer.prototype,{getPointee(ptr){if(this.rawGetPointee){ptr=this.rawGetPointee(ptr)}return ptr},destructor(ptr){this.rawDestructor?.(ptr)},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,fromWireType:RegisteredPointer_fromWireType})};function RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,isReference,isConst,isSmartPointer,pointeeType,sharingPolicy,rawGetPointee,rawConstructor,rawShare,rawDestructor){this.name=name;this.registeredClass=registeredClass;this.isReference=isReference;this.isConst=isConst;this.isSmartPointer=isSmartPointer;this.pointeeType=pointeeType;this.sharingPolicy=sharingPolicy;this.rawGetPointee=rawGetPointee;this.rawConstructor=rawConstructor;this.rawShare=rawShare;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;if(!isSmartPointer&&registeredClass.baseClass===undefined){if(isConst){this.toWireType=constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}else{this.toWireType=nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}}else{this.toWireType=genericPointerToWireType}}var replacePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(!Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){throwInternalError("Replacing nonexistent public symbol")}if(undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==numArguments){Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var wasmTableMirror=[];var getWasmTableEntry=funcPtr=>{var func=wasmTableMirror[funcPtr];if(!func){wasmTableMirror[funcPtr]=func=wasmTable.get(funcPtr)}return func};var embind__requireFunction=(signature,rawFunction,isAsync=false)=>{signature=AsciiToString(signature);function makeDynCaller(){var rtn=getWasmTableEntry(rawFunction);return rtn}var fp=makeDynCaller();if(typeof fp!="function"){throwBindingError(`unknown function pointer with signature ${signature}: ${rawFunction}`)}return fp};class UnboundTypeError extends Error{}var throwUnboundTypeError=(message,types)=>{var unboundTypes=[];var seen={};function visit(type){if(seen[type]){return}if(registeredTypes[type]){return}if(typeDependencies[type]){typeDependencies[type].forEach(visit);return}unboundTypes.push(type);seen[type]=true}types.forEach(visit);throw new UnboundTypeError(`${message}: `+unboundTypes.map(getTypeName).join([", "]))};var __embind_register_class=(rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType,baseClassRawType,getActualTypeSignature,getActualType,upcastSignature,upcast,downcastSignature,downcast,name,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);getActualType=embind__requireFunction(getActualTypeSignature,getActualType);upcast&&=embind__requireFunction(upcastSignature,upcast);downcast&&=embind__requireFunction(downcastSignature,downcast);rawDestructor=embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor);var legalFunctionName=makeLegalFunctionName(name);exposePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${name} due to unbound types`,[baseClassRawType])});whenDependentTypesAreResolved([rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType],baseClassRawType?[baseClassRawType]:[],base=>{base=base[0];var baseClass;var basePrototype;if(baseClassRawType){baseClass=base.registeredClass;basePrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype}else{basePrototype=ClassHandle.prototype}var constructor=createNamedFunction(name,function(...args){if(Object.getPrototypeOf(this)!==instancePrototype){throw new BindingError(`Use 'new' to construct ${name}`)}if(undefined===registeredClass.constructor_body){throw new BindingError(`${name} has no accessible constructor`)}var body=registeredClass.constructor_body[args.length];if(undefined===body){throw new BindingError(`Tried to invoke ctor of ${name} with invalid number of parameters (${args.length}) - expected (${Object.keys(registeredClass.constructor_body).toString()}) parameters instead!`)}return body.apply(this,args)});var instancePrototype=Object.create(basePrototype,{constructor:{value:constructor}});constructor.prototype=instancePrototype;var registeredClass=new RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast);if(registeredClass.baseClass){registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses??=[];registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses.push(registeredClass)}var referenceConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,true,false,false);var pointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+"*",registeredClass,false,false,false);var constPointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+" const*",registeredClass,false,true,false);registeredPointers[rawType]={pointerType:pointerConverter,constPointerType:constPointerConverter};replacePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,constructor);return[referenceConverter,pointerConverter,constPointerConverter]})};function usesDestructorStack(argTypes){for(var i=1;i<argTypes.length;++i){if(argTypes[i]!==null&&argTypes[i].destructorFunction===undefined){return true}}return false}function craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,cppInvokerFunc,cppTargetFunc,isAsync){var argCount=argTypes.length;if(argCount<2){throwBindingError("argTypes array size mismatch! Must at least get return value and 'this' types!")}var isClassMethodFunc=argTypes[1]!==null&&classType!==null;var needsDestructorStack=usesDestructorStack(argTypes);var returns=!argTypes[0].isVoid;var expectedArgCount=argCount-2;var argsWired=new Array(expectedArgCount);var invokerFuncArgs=[];var destructors=[];var invokerFn=function(...args){destructors.length=0;var thisWired;invokerFuncArgs.length=isClassMethodFunc?2:1;invokerFuncArgs[0]=cppTargetFunc;if(isClassMethodFunc){thisWired=argTypes[1].toWireType(destructors,this);invokerFuncArgs[1]=thisWired}for(var i=0;i<expectedArgCount;++i){argsWired[i]=argTypes[i+2].toWireType(destructors,args[i]);invokerFuncArgs.push(argsWired[i])}var rv=cppInvokerFunc(...invokerFuncArgs);function onDone(rv){if(needsDestructorStack){runDestructors(destructors)}else{for(var i=isClassMethodFunc?1:2;i<argTypes.length;i++){var param=i===1?thisWired:argsWired[i-2];if(argTypes[i].destructorFunction!==null){argTypes[i].destructorFunction(param)}}}if(returns){return argTypes[0].fromWireType(rv)}}return onDone(rv)};return createNamedFunction(humanName,invokerFn)}var heap32VectorToArray=(count,firstElement)=>{var array=[];for(var i=0;i<count;i++){array.push(HEAPU32[firstElement+i*4>>2])}return array};var getFunctionName=signature=>{signature=signature.trim();const argsIndex=signature.indexOf("(");if(argsIndex===-1)return signature;return signature.slice(0,argsIndex)};var __embind_register_class_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}var proto=classType.registeredClass.constructor;if(undefined===proto[methodName]){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));var func=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){func.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=func}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=func}if(classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){for(const derivedClass of classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){if(!derivedClass.constructor.hasOwnProperty(methodName)){derivedClass.constructor[methodName]=func}}}return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_constructor=(rawClassType,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,invoker,rawConstructor)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);invoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,invoker);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`constructor ${classType.name}`;if(undefined===classType.registeredClass.constructor_body){classType.registeredClass.constructor_body=[]}if(undefined!==classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]){throw new BindingError(`Cannot register multiple constructors with identical number of parameters (${argCount-1}) for class '${classType.name}'! Overload resolution is currently only performed using the parameter count, not actual type info!`)}classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=()=>{throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${classType.name} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)};whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{argTypes.splice(1,0,null);classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,null,invoker,rawConstructor);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,context,isPureVirtual,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}if(isPureVirtual){classType.registeredClass.pureVirtualFunctions.push(methodName)}function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}var proto=classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype;var method=proto[methodName];if(undefined===method||undefined===method.overloadTable&&method.className!==classType.name&&method.argCount===argCount-2){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-2;unboundTypesHandler.className=classType.name;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var memberFunction=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,rawInvoker,context,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){memberFunction.argCount=argCount-2;proto[methodName]=memberFunction}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=memberFunction}return[]});return[]})};var validateThis=(this_,classType,humanName)=>{if(!(this_ instanceof Object)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} with invalid "this": ${this_}`)}if(!(this_ instanceof classType.registeredClass.constructor)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} incompatible with "this" of type ${this_.constructor.name}`)}if(!this_.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`cannot call emscripten binding method ${humanName} on deleted object`)}return upcastPointer(this_.$$.ptr,this_.$$.ptrType.registeredClass,classType.registeredClass)};var __embind_register_class_property=(classType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{fieldName=AsciiToString(fieldName);getter=embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[classType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${fieldName}`;var desc={get(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])},enumerable:true,configurable:true};if(setter){desc.set=()=>throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])}else{desc.set=v=>throwBindingError(humanName+" is a read-only property")}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],setter?[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType]:[getterReturnType],types=>{var getterReturnType=types[0];var desc={get(){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" getter");return getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr))},enumerable:true};if(setter){setter=embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter);var setterArgumentType=types[1];desc.set=function(v){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" setter");var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,v));runDestructors(destructors)}}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_constant=(name,type,value)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[type],type=>{type=type[0];Module[name]=type.fromWireType(value);return[]})};var __emval_decref=handle=>{if(handle>9&&0===--emval_handles[handle+1]){emval_handles[handle]=undefined;emval_freelist.push(handle)}};var EmValType={name:"emscripten::val",fromWireType:handle=>{var rv=Emval.toValue(handle);__emval_decref(handle);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>Emval.toHandle(value),readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:null};var __embind_register_emval=rawType=>registerType(rawType,EmValType);var enumReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP8[pointer])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])};case 2:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP16[pointer>>1])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU16[pointer>>1])};case 4:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP32[pointer>>2])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};function getEnumValueType(rawValueType){return rawValueType===0?"object":rawValueType===1?"number":"string"}var __embind_register_enum=(rawType,name,size,isSigned,rawValueType)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const valueType=getEnumValueType(rawValueType);switch(valueType){case"object":{function ctor(){}ctor.values={};registerType(rawType,{name,constructor:ctor,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.constructor.values[c]},toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c.value,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,ctor);break}case"number":{var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:c=>c,toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}case"string":{var valuesMap={};var reverseMap={};var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,valuesMap,reverseMap,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.reverseMap[c]},toWireType:function(destructors,c){return this.valuesMap[c]},readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}}};var __embind_register_enum_value=(rawEnumType,name,enumValue)=>{var enumType=requireRegisteredType(rawEnumType,"enum");name=AsciiToString(name);switch(enumType.valueType){case"object":{var Enum=enumType.constructor;var Value=Object.create(enumType.constructor.prototype,{value:{value:enumValue},constructor:{value:createNamedFunction(`${enumType.name}_${name}`,function(){})}});Enum.values[enumValue]=Value;Enum[name]=Value;break}case"number":{enumType.keysMap[name]=enumValue;break}case"string":{enumType.valuesMap[name]=enumValue;enumType.reverseMap[enumValue]=name;enumType.keysMap[name]=name;break}}};var floatReadValueFromPointer=(name,width)=>{switch(width){case 4:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF32[pointer>>2])};case 8:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF64[pointer>>3])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid float width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_float=(rawType,name,size)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>value,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:floatReadValueFromPointer(name,size),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_function=(name,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,signature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var argTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);name=AsciiToString(name);name=getFunctionName(name);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(signature,rawInvoker,isAsync);exposePublicSymbol(name,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${name} due to unbound types`,argTypes)},argCount-1);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],argTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));replacePublicSymbol(name,craftInvokerFunction(name,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync),argCount-1);return[]})};var __embind_register_integer=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){var bitshift=32-8*size;fromWireType=value=>value<<bitshift>>>bitshift;maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,minRange!==0),destructorFunction:null})};var installIndexedIterator=(proto,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{const makeIterator=(size,getValue)=>{let index=0;return{next(){if(index>=size){return{done:true}}const current=index;index++;const value=getValue(current);return{value,done:false}},[Symbol.iterator](){return this}}};if(!proto[Symbol.iterator]){proto[Symbol.iterator]=function(){const size=this[sizeMethodName]();return makeIterator(size,i=>this[getMethodName](i))}}};var __embind_register_iterable=(rawClassType,rawElementType,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{sizeMethodName=AsciiToString(sizeMethodName);getMethodName=AsciiToString(getMethodName);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType,rawElementType],types=>{const classType=types[0];installIndexedIterator(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,sizeMethodName,getMethodName);return[]})};var __embind_register_memory_view=(rawType,dataTypeIndex,name)=>{var typeMapping=[Int8Array,Uint8Array,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array,BigInt64Array,BigUint64Array];var TA=typeMapping[dataTypeIndex];function decodeMemoryView(handle){var size=HEAPU32[handle>>2];var data=HEAPU32[handle+4>>2];return new TA(HEAP8.buffer,data,size)}name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:decodeMemoryView,readValueFromPointer:decodeMemoryView},{ignoreDuplicateRegistrations:true})};var EmValOptionalType=Object.assign({optional:true},EmValType);var __embind_register_optional=(rawOptionalType,rawType)=>{registerType(rawOptionalType,EmValOptionalType)};var stringToUTF8Array=(str,heap,outIdx,maxBytesToWrite)=>{if(!(maxBytesToWrite>0))return 0;var startIdx=outIdx;var endIdx=outIdx+maxBytesToWrite-1;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var u=str.codePointAt(i);if(u<=127){if(outIdx>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=u}else if(u<=2047){if(outIdx+1>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=192|u>>6;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else if(u<=65535){if(outIdx+2>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=224|u>>12;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else{if(outIdx+3>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=240|u>>18;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>12&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63;i++}}heap[outIdx]=0;return outIdx-startIdx};var stringToUTF8=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>stringToUTF8Array(str,HEAPU8,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite);var lengthBytesUTF8=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var c=str.charCodeAt(i);if(c<=127){len++}else if(c<=2047){len+=2}else if(c>=55296&&c<=57343){len+=4;++i}else{len+=3}}return len};var UTF8Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder&&new TextDecoder;var findStringEnd=(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var maxIdx=idx+maxBytesToRead;if(ignoreNul)return maxIdx;while(heapOrArray[idx]&&!(idx>=maxIdx))++idx;return idx};var UTF8ArrayToString=(heapOrArray,idx=0,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var endPtr=findStringEnd(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul);if(endPtr-idx>16&&heapOrArray.buffer&&UTF8Decoder){return UTF8Decoder.decode(heapOrArray.subarray(idx,endPtr))}var str="";while(idx<endPtr){var u0=heapOrArray[idx++];if(!(u0&128)){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0);continue}var u1=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&224)==192){str+=String.fromCharCode((u0&31)<<6|u1);continue}var u2=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&240)==224){u0=(u0&15)<<12|u1<<6|u2}else{u0=(u0&7)<<18|u1<<12|u2<<6|heapOrArray[idx++]&63}if(u0<65536){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0)}else{var ch=u0-65536;str+=String.fromCharCode(55296|ch>>10,56320|ch&1023)}}return str};var UTF8ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>ptr?UTF8ArrayToString(HEAPU8,ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul):"";var __embind_register_std_string=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var stdStringIsUTF8=true;registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType(value){var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var payload=value+4;var str;if(stdStringIsUTF8){str=UTF8ToString(payload,length,true)}else{str="";for(var i=0;i<length;++i){str+=String.fromCharCode(HEAPU8[payload+i])}}_free(value);return str},toWireType(destructors,value){if(value instanceof ArrayBuffer){value=new Uint8Array(value)}var length;var valueIsOfTypeString=typeof value=="string";if(!(valueIsOfTypeString||ArrayBuffer.isView(value)&&value.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT==1)){throwBindingError("Cannot pass non-string to std::string")}if(stdStringIsUTF8&&valueIsOfTypeString){length=lengthBytesUTF8(value)}else{length=value.length}var base=_malloc(4+length+1);var ptr=base+4;HEAPU32[base>>2]=length;if(valueIsOfTypeString){if(stdStringIsUTF8){stringToUTF8(value,ptr,length+1)}else{for(var i=0;i<length;++i){var charCode=value.charCodeAt(i);if(charCode>255){_free(base);throwBindingError("String has UTF-16 code units that do not fit in 8 bits")}HEAPU8[ptr+i]=charCode}}}else{HEAPU8.set(value,ptr)}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,base)}return base},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var UTF16Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder?new TextDecoder("utf-16le"):undefined;var UTF16ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var idx=ptr>>1;var endIdx=findStringEnd(HEAPU16,idx,maxBytesToRead/2,ignoreNul);if(endIdx-idx>16&&UTF16Decoder)return UTF16Decoder.decode(HEAPU16.subarray(idx,endIdx));var str="";for(var i=idx;i<endIdx;++i){var codeUnit=HEAPU16[i];str+=String.fromCharCode(codeUnit)}return str};var stringToUTF16=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<2)return 0;maxBytesToWrite-=2;var startPtr=outPtr;var numCharsToWrite=maxBytesToWrite<str.length*2?maxBytesToWrite/2:str.length;for(var i=0;i<numCharsToWrite;++i){var codeUnit=str.charCodeAt(i);HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=codeUnit;outPtr+=2}HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF16=str=>str.length*2;var UTF32ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var str="";var startIdx=ptr>>2;for(var i=0;!(i>=maxBytesToRead/4);i++){var utf32=HEAPU32[startIdx+i];if(!utf32&&!ignoreNul)break;str+=String.fromCodePoint(utf32)}return str};var stringToUTF32=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<4)return 0;var startPtr=outPtr;var endPtr=startPtr+maxBytesToWrite-4;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=codePoint;outPtr+=4;if(outPtr+4>endPtr)break}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF32=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}len+=4}return len};var __embind_register_std_wstring=(rawType,charSize,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var decodeString,encodeString,lengthBytesUTF;if(charSize===2){decodeString=UTF16ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF16;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF16}else{decodeString=UTF32ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF32;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF32}registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>{var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var str=decodeString(value+4,length*charSize,true);_free(value);return str},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(!(typeof value=="string")){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass non-string to C++ string type ${name}`)}var length=lengthBytesUTF(value);var ptr=_malloc(4+length+charSize);HEAPU32[ptr>>2]=length/charSize;encodeString(value,ptr+4,length+charSize);if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var __embind_register_value_object=(rawType,name,constructorSignature,rawConstructor,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{structRegistrations[rawType]={name:AsciiToString(name),rawConstructor:embind__requireFunction(constructorSignature,rawConstructor),rawDestructor:embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor),fields:[]}};var __embind_register_value_object_field=(structType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{structRegistrations[structType].fields.push({fieldName:AsciiToString(fieldName),getterReturnType,getter:embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter),getterContext,setterArgumentType,setter:embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter),setterContext})};var __embind_register_void=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{isVoid:true,name,fromWireType:()=>undefined,toWireType:(destructors,o)=>undefined})};var runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0;var __emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear=()=>{noExitRuntime=false;runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0};var emval_methodCallers=[];var emval_addMethodCaller=caller=>{var id=emval_methodCallers.length;emval_methodCallers.push(caller);return id};var emval_lookupTypes=(argCount,argTypes)=>{var a=new Array(argCount);for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){a[i]=requireRegisteredType(HEAPU32[argTypes+i*4>>2],`parameter ${i}`)}return a};var emval_returnValue=(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,handle)=>{var destructors=[];var result=toReturnWire(destructors,handle);if(destructors.length){HEAPU32[destructorsRef>>2]=Emval.toHandle(destructors)}return result};var emval_symbols={};var getStringOrSymbol=address=>{var symbol=emval_symbols[address];if(symbol===undefined){return AsciiToString(address)}return symbol};var __emval_create_invoker=(argCount,argTypesPtr,kind)=>{var GenericWireTypeSize=8;var[retType,...argTypes]=emval_lookupTypes(argCount,argTypesPtr);var toReturnWire=retType.toWireType.bind(retType);var argFromPtr=argTypes.map(type=>type.readValueFromPointer.bind(type));argCount--;var argN=new Array(argCount);var invokerFunction=(handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>{var offset=0;for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){argN[i]=argFromPtr[i](args+offset);offset+=GenericWireTypeSize}var rv;switch(kind){case 0:rv=Emval.toValue(handle).apply(null,argN);break;case 2:rv=Reflect.construct(Emval.toValue(handle),argN);break;case 3:rv=argN[0];break;case 1:rv=Emval.toValue(handle)[getStringOrSymbol(methodName)](...argN);break}return emval_returnValue(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,rv)};var functionName=`methodCaller<(${argTypes.map(t=>t.name)}) => ${retType.name}>`;return emval_addMethodCaller(createNamedFunction(functionName,invokerFunction))};var __emval_invoke=(caller,handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>emval_methodCallers[caller](handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args);var __emval_new_cstring=v=>Emval.toHandle(getStringOrSymbol(v));var __emval_new_object=()=>Emval.toHandle({});var __emval_run_destructors=handle=>{var destructors=Emval.toValue(handle);runDestructors(destructors);__emval_decref(handle)};var __emval_set_property=(handle,key,value)=>{handle=Emval.toValue(handle);key=Emval.toValue(key);value=Emval.toValue(value);handle[key]=value};var timers={};var handleException=e=>{if(e instanceof ExitStatus||e=="unwind"){return EXITSTATUS}quit_(1,e)};var keepRuntimeAlive=()=>noExitRuntime||runtimeKeepaliveCounter>0;var _proc_exit=code=>{EXITSTATUS=code;if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){Module["onExit"]?.(code);ABORT=true}quit_(code,new ExitStatus(code))};var exitJS=(status,implicit)=>{EXITSTATUS=status;_proc_exit(status)};var _exit=exitJS;var maybeExit=()=>{if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){try{_exit(EXITSTATUS)}catch(e){handleException(e)}}};var callUserCallback=func=>{if(ABORT){return}try{return func()}catch(e){handleException(e)}finally{maybeExit()}};var _emscripten_get_now=()=>performance.now();var __setitimer_js=(which,timeout_ms)=>{if(timers[which]){clearTimeout(timers[which].id);delete timers[which]}if(!timeout_ms)return 0;var id=setTimeout(()=>{delete timers[which];callUserCallback(()=>__emscripten_timeout(which,_emscripten_get_now()))},timeout_ms);timers[which]={id,timeout_ms};return 0};var _emscripten_date_now=()=>Date.now();var getHeapMax=()=>2147483648;var alignMemory=(size,alignment)=>Math.ceil(size/alignment)*alignment;var growMemory=size=>{var oldHeapSize=wasmMemory.buffer.byteLength;var pages=(size-oldHeapSize+65535)/65536|0;try{wasmMemory.grow(pages);updateMemoryViews();return 1}catch(e){}};var _emscripten_resize_heap=requestedSize=>{var oldSize=HEAPU8.length;requestedSize>>>=0;var maxHeapSize=getHeapMax();if(requestedSize>maxHeapSize){return false}for(var cutDown=1;cutDown<=4;cutDown*=2){var overGrownHeapSize=oldSize*(1+.2/cutDown);overGrownHeapSize=Math.min(overGrownHeapSize,requestedSize+100663296);var newSize=Math.min(maxHeapSize,alignMemory(Math.max(requestedSize,overGrownHeapSize),65536));var replacement=growMemory(newSize);if(replacement){return true}}return false};var printCharBuffers=[null,[],[]];var printChar=(stream,curr)=>{var buffer=printCharBuffers[stream];if(curr===0||curr===10){(stream===1?out:err)(UTF8ArrayToString(buffer));buffer.length=0}else{buffer.push(curr)}};var _fd_write=(fd,iov,iovcnt,pnum)=>{var num=0;for(var i=0;i<iovcnt;i++){var ptr=HEAPU32[iov>>2];var len=HEAPU32[iov+4>>2];iov+=8;for(var j=0;j<len;j++){printChar(fd,HEAPU8[ptr+j])}num+=len}HEAPU32[pnum>>2]=num;return 0};init_ClassHandle();init_RegisteredPointer();{if(Module["noExitRuntime"])noExitRuntime=Module["noExitRuntime"];if(Module["print"])out=Module["print"];if(Module["printErr"])err=Module["printErr"];if(Module["wasmBinary"])wasmBinary=Module["wasmBinary"];if(Module["arguments"])arguments_=Module["arguments"];if(Module["thisProgram"])thisProgram=Module["thisProgram"];if(Module["preInit"]){if(typeof Module["preInit"]=="function")Module["preInit"]=[Module["preInit"]];while(Module["preInit"].length>0){Module["preInit"].shift()()}}}var ___getTypeName,_free,_malloc,__emscripten_timeout,memory,__indirect_function_table,wasmMemory,wasmTable;function assignWasmExports(wasmExports){___getTypeName=wasmExports["Q"];_free=Module["_free"]=wasmExports["R"];_malloc=Module["_malloc"]=wasmExports["S"];__emscripten_timeout=wasmExports["U"];memory=wasmMemory=wasmExports["O"];__indirect_function_table=wasmTable=wasmExports["T"]}var wasmImports={J:__abort_js,x:__embind_create_inheriting_constructor,s:__embind_finalize_value_object,z:__embind_register_bigint,A:__embind_register_bool,b:__embind_register_class,p:__embind_register_class_class_function,e:__embind_register_class_constructor,a:__embind_register_class_function,d:__embind_register_class_property,K:__embind_register_constant,M:__embind_register_emval,l:__embind_register_enum,f:__embind_register_enum_value,y:__embind_register_float,g:__embind_register_function,o:__embind_register_integer,q:__embind_register_iterable,h:__embind_register_memory_view,r:__embind_register_optional,N:__embind_register_std_string,u:__embind_register_std_wstring,t:__embind_register_value_object,m:__embind_register_value_object_field,B:__embind_register_void,D:__emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear,k:__emval_create_invoker,n:__emval_decref,j:__emval_invoke,v:__emval_new_cstring,L:__emval_new_object,i:__emval_run_destructors,w:__emval_set_property,E:__setitimer_js,I:_emscripten_date_now,c:_emscripten_get_now,F:_emscripten_resize_heap,G:_exit,H:_fd_write,C:_proc_exit};function run(){preRun();function doRun(){Module["calledRun"]=true;if(ABORT)return;initRuntime();readyPromiseResolve?.(Module);Module["onRuntimeInitialized"]?.();postRun()}if(Module["setStatus"]){Module["setStatus"]("Running...");setTimeout(()=>{setTimeout(()=>Module["setStatus"](""),1);doRun()},1)}else{doRun()}}var wasmExports;wasmExports=await (createWasm());run();if(runtimeInitialized){moduleRtn=Module}else{moduleRtn=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{readyPromiseResolve=resolve;readyPromiseReject=reject})}
 ;return moduleRtn}})();if(typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module==="object"){module.exports=PHYSX;module.exports.default=PHYSX}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define["amd"])define([],()=>PHYSX);
diff --git a/e2e/.dev/physx.release.simd.wasm b/e2e/.dev/physx.release.simd.wasm
index 91e5bab34b..f52b48110a 100755
Binary files a/e2e/.dev/physx.release.simd.wasm and b/e2e/.dev/physx.release.simd.wasm differ
diff --git a/e2e/.dev/physx.release.wasm b/e2e/.dev/physx.release.wasm
index d9e03eee6a..3efb26a288 100755
Binary files a/e2e/.dev/physx.release.wasm and b/e2e/.dev/physx.release.wasm differ
diff --git a/e2e/.dev/vite.config.js b/e2e/.dev/vite.config.js
index 2cfc11d824..498a9a0244 100644
--- a/e2e/.dev/vite.config.js
+++ b/e2e/.dev/vite.config.js
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ demoList.forEach(({ file }) => {
 fs.outputJSONSync(path.join(__dirname, OUT_PATH, ".demoList.json"), demoSorted);
 
 module.exports = {
+  publicDir: path.resolve(__dirname, "public"),
   server: {
     open: true,
     host: "0.0.0.0",
diff --git a/e2e/case/animator-blendShape.ts b/e2e/case/animator-blendShape.ts
index 28641ca91f..27307ec95d 100644
--- a/e2e/case/animator-blendShape.ts
+++ b/e2e/case/animator-blendShape.ts
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
       const { defaultSceneRoot } = asset;
       rootEntity.addChild(defaultSceneRoot);
       const animator = defaultSceneRoot.getComponent(Animator);
-      const skinMeshRenderer = defaultSceneRoot.getComponent(SkinnedMeshRenderer);
+      const skinMeshRenderer = defaultSceneRoot.getComponentsIncludeChildren(SkinnedMeshRenderer, [])[0];
       skinMeshRenderer.blendShapeWeights[0] = 1.0;
       animator.play("TheWave");
 
diff --git a/e2e/case/animator-multiSubMeshBlendShape.ts b/e2e/case/animator-multiSubMeshBlendShape.ts
index 546d9b8f3d..5c1365a758 100644
--- a/e2e/case/animator-multiSubMeshBlendShape.ts
+++ b/e2e/case/animator-multiSubMeshBlendShape.ts
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
     .then((asset) => {
       const { defaultSceneRoot } = asset;
       rootEntity.addChild(defaultSceneRoot);
-      const entity = defaultSceneRoot;
-      defaultSceneRoot.transform.rotation = new Vector3(-90, -0, 0);
+      const entity = defaultSceneRoot.children[0];
+      entity.transform.rotation = new Vector3(-90, -0, 0);
       const animator = entity.addComponent(Animator);
 
       animator.animatorController = new AnimatorController(engine);
diff --git a/e2e/case/gpu-instancing-auto-batch.ts b/e2e/case/gpu-instancing-auto-batch.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9f80e35ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/case/gpu-instancing-auto-batch.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/**
+ * @title GPU Instancing Auto Batch
+ * @category Mesh
+ */
+import {
+  AmbientLight,
+  AssetType,
+  Camera,
+  Color,
+  DirectLight,
+  GLTFResource,
+  Logger,
+  Vector3,
+  WebGLEngine
+} from "@galacean/engine";
+import { initScreenshot, updateForE2E } from "./.mockForE2E";
+
+Logger.enable();
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then(async (engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize(2);
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  // Camera
+  const cameraEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 10, 80);
+  cameraEntity.transform.lookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+  camera.farClipPlane = 300;
+
+  // Light
+  const lightEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Light");
+  lightEntity.transform.setRotation(-45, -45, 0);
+  lightEntity.addComponent(DirectLight).color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  // Load Duck model and ambient light
+  const [glTF, ambientLight] = await Promise.all([
+    engine.resourceManager.load<GLTFResource>({
+      url: "https://gw.alipayobjects.com/os/bmw-prod/6cb8f543-285c-491a-8cfd-57a1160dc9ab.glb",
+      type: AssetType.GLTF
+    }),
+    engine.resourceManager.load<AmbientLight>({
+      url: "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/oasis_be/afts/file/A*eRJ8QKzf5zAAAAAAgBAAAAgAekp5AQ/ambient.ambLight",
+      type: AssetType.AmbientLight
+    })
+  ]);
+  scene.ambientLight = ambientLight;
+
+  // Clone ducks with fixed seed positions for deterministic output
+  const count = 500;
+  const spread = 50;
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const duck = glTF.instantiateSceneRoot();
+    // Use deterministic positions based on index
+    const t = i / count;
+    duck.transform.setPosition(
+      Math.sin(t * 137.5) * spread * 0.5,
+      Math.cos(t * 97.3) * spread * 0.5,
+      Math.sin(t * 59.1) * spread * 0.5
+    );
+    duck.transform.setRotation(t * 360, t * 720, t * 1080);
+    rootEntity.addChild(duck);
+  }
+
+  updateForE2E(engine);
+  initScreenshot(engine, camera);
+});
diff --git a/e2e/case/gpu-instancing-custom-data.ts b/e2e/case/gpu-instancing-custom-data.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f64b01a8f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/case/gpu-instancing-custom-data.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/**
+ * @title GPU Instancing Custom Data
+ * @category Mesh
+ */
+import {
+  Camera,
+  Color,
+  DirectLight,
+  Logger,
+  Material,
+  MeshRenderer,
+  PrimitiveMesh,
+  Shader,
+  ShaderProperty,
+  Vector3,
+  Vector4,
+  WebGLEngine
+} from "@galacean/engine";
+import { initScreenshot, updateForE2E } from "./.mockForE2E";
+
+Logger.enable();
+
+// Custom shader: uses renderer_CustomColor (per-instance) for fragment output
+Shader.create(
+  "CustomInstanceShader",
+  `
+  #include <transform_declare>
+  attribute vec3 POSITION;
+  attribute vec3 NORMAL;
+
+  varying vec3 v_normal;
+
+  void main() {
+    gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * vec4(POSITION, 1.0);
+    v_normal = normalize((renderer_NormalMat * vec4(NORMAL, 0.0)).xyz);
+  }
+  `,
+  `
+  uniform vec4 renderer_CustomColor;
+
+  varying vec3 v_normal;
+
+  void main() {
+    vec3 lightDir = normalize(vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
+    float NdotL = max(dot(v_normal, lightDir), 0.2);
+    gl_FragColor = vec4(renderer_CustomColor.rgb * NdotL, 1.0);
+  }
+  `
+);
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize(2);
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  // Camera
+  const cameraEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 10, 80);
+  cameraEntity.transform.lookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+  camera.farClipPlane = 300;
+
+  // Light
+  const lightEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Light");
+  lightEntity.transform.setRotation(-45, -45, 0);
+  lightEntity.addComponent(DirectLight).color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  // Shared mesh and material
+  const mesh = PrimitiveMesh.createCuboid(engine, 1, 1, 1);
+  const material = new Material(engine, Shader.find("CustomInstanceShader"));
+  const customColorProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_CustomColor");
+
+  // Create cubes with deterministic positions and colors
+  const count = 500;
+  const spread = 50;
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const entity = rootEntity.createChild("Cube" + i);
+    const t = i / count;
+    entity.transform.setPosition(
+      Math.sin(t * 137.5) * spread * 0.5,
+      Math.cos(t * 97.3) * spread * 0.5,
+      Math.sin(t * 59.1) * spread * 0.5
+    );
+    entity.transform.setRotation(t * 360, t * 720, t * 1080);
+
+    const renderer = entity.addComponent(MeshRenderer);
+    renderer.mesh = mesh;
+    renderer.setMaterial(material);
+
+    // Deterministic colors based on index
+    renderer.shaderData.setVector4(
+      customColorProperty,
+      new Vector4(Math.sin(t * 6.28) * 0.5 + 0.5, Math.cos(t * 4.71) * 0.5 + 0.5, Math.sin(t * 3.14) * 0.5 + 0.5, 1.0)
+    );
+  }
+
+  updateForE2E(engine);
+  initScreenshot(engine, camera);
+});
diff --git a/e2e/case/particleRenderer-dream.ts b/e2e/case/particleRenderer-dream.ts
index e515bd4fbf..6eb51637ed 100644
--- a/e2e/case/particleRenderer-dream.ts
+++ b/e2e/case/particleRenderer-dream.ts
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ WebGLEngine.create({
 
       cameraEntity.addChild(fireEntity);
 
-      updateForE2E(engine, 500);
-      initScreenshot(engine, camera);
+      // updateForE2E(engine, 500);
+      // initScreenshot(engine, camera);
     });
 });
 
diff --git a/e2e/case/shaderLab-mrt.ts b/e2e/case/shaderLab-mrt.ts
index 54afaf6494..a8f3a2c7cd 100644
--- a/e2e/case/shaderLab-mrt.ts
+++ b/e2e/case/shaderLab-mrt.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { initScreenshot, updateForE2E } from "./.mockForE2E";
 
 const shaderLab = new ShaderLab();
 
-const shaderSource = `Shader "/custom.gs" {
+const shaderSource = `Shader "/custom.shader" {
           SubShader "Default" {
             UsePass "pbr/Default/ShadowCaster"
 
diff --git a/e2e/config.ts b/e2e/config.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e5a9b621cf..0000000000
--- a/e2e/config.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,518 +0,0 @@
-export const E2E_CONFIG = {
-  Animator: {
-    additive: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-additive",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    blendShape: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-blendShape",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.01
-    },
-    blendShapeQuantization: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-blendShape-quantization",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.05
-    },
-    crossfade: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-crossfade",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    customAnimationClip: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-customAnimationClip",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    customBlendShape: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-customBlendShape",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    multiSubMeshBlendShape: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-multiSubMeshBlendShape",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    event: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-event",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0036
-    },
-    play: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-play",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    playBackWards: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-play-backwards",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    playBeforeActive: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-play-beforeActive",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    reuse: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-reuse",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    stateMachineScript: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-stateMachineScript",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0036
-    },
-    stateMachine: {
-      category: "Animator",
-      caseFileName: "animator-stateMachine",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    }
-  },
-  GLTF: {
-    meshopt: {
-      category: "GLTF",
-      caseFileName: "gltf-meshopt",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.059
-    },
-    blendShape: {
-      category: "GLTF",
-      caseFileName: "gltf-blendshape",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.05
-    }
-  },
-
-  Material: {
-    blendMode: {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "material-blendMode",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.02
-    },
-    "blinn-phong": {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "material-blinn-phong",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.36
-    },
-    "pbr-clearcoat": {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "material-pbr-clearcoat",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.12
-    },
-    "white-furnace": {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "material-white-furnace",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0
-    },
-    "pbr-specular": {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "material-pbr-specular",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.055
-    },
-    pbr: {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "material-pbr",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0044
-    },
-    shaderLab: {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "material-shaderLab",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    shaderLabMRT: {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "shaderLab-mrt",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    shaderReplacement: {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "material-shaderReplacement",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.049
-    },
-    unlit: {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "material-unlit",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.033
-    },
-    "shaderLab-renderState": {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "shaderLab-renderState",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    LUT: {
-      category: "Material",
-      caseFileName: "material-LUT",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    }
-  },
-  Texture: {
-    sRGB: {
-      category: "Texture",
-      caseFileName: "texture-sRGB-KTX2",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.072
-    },
-    R8G8: {
-      category: "Texture",
-      caseFileName: "texture-R8G8",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    KTX2HDR: {
-      category: "Texture",
-      caseFileName: "texture-hdr-ktx2",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.015
-    },
-    HDR: {
-      category: "Texture",
-      caseFileName: "texture-hdr",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0512
-    }
-  },
-  Shadow: {
-    basic: {
-      category: "Shadow",
-      caseFileName: "shadow-basic",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.008
-    },
-    transparent: {
-      category: "Shadow",
-      caseFileName: "shadow-transparent",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0552
-    }
-  },
-  Primitive: {
-    capsule: {
-      category: "Primitive",
-      caseFileName: "primitive-capsule",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0016
-    },
-    cone: {
-      category: "Primitive",
-      caseFileName: "primitive-cone",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0054
-    },
-    cuboid: {
-      category: "Primitive",
-      caseFileName: "primitive-cuboid",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0016
-    },
-    cylinder: {
-      category: "Primitive",
-      caseFileName: "primitive-cylinder",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0036
-    },
-    plane: {
-      category: "Primitive",
-      caseFileName: "primitive-plane",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0016
-    },
-    sphere: {
-      category: "Primitive",
-      caseFileName: "primitive-sphere",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0058
-    },
-    torus: {
-      category: "Primitive",
-      caseFileName: "primitive-torus",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    }
-  },
-  Camera: {
-    opaqueTexture: {
-      category: "Camera",
-      caseFileName: "camera-opaque-texture",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    fxaa: {
-      category: "Camera",
-      caseFileName: "camera-fxaa",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.161
-    },
-    ssao: {
-      category: "Camera",
-      caseFileName: "camera-ssao",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.12
-    }
-  },
-  Physics: {
-    "physx-collision": {
-      category: "Physics",
-      caseFileName: "physx-collision",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    "LitePhysics Collision Group": {
-      category: "Physics",
-      caseFileName: "litePhysics-collision-group",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    "PhysXPhysics Collision Group": {
-      category: "Physics",
-      caseFileName: "physx-collision-group",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    "PhysXPhysics Custom Url": {
-      category: "Physics",
-      caseFileName: "physx-customUrl",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    "PhysX Mesh Collider": {
-      category: "Physics",
-      caseFileName: "physx-mesh-collider",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.12094
-    },
-    "PhysX Mesh Collider Data": {
-      category: "Physics",
-      caseFileName: "physx-mesh-collider-data",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.02
-    },
-    "PhysX Deferred Contact": {
-      category: "Physics",
-      caseFileName: "physx-deferred-contact",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0
-    }
-  },
-  Particle: {
-    particleDream: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-dream",
-      threshold: 0.005,
-      diffPercentage: 0.015
-    },
-    particleFire: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-fire",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0707
-    },
-    forceOverLifetime: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-force",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.1630209
-    },
-    limitVelocityOverLifetime: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-limitVelocity",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0364
-    },
-    textureSheetAnimation: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-textureSheetAnimation",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    particleShapeMesh: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-shape-mesh",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.01698
-    },
-    particleEmissive: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emissive",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    particleEmitMeshNoShape: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emit-mesh-no-shape",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.00136
-    },
-    particleEmitMeshCone: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emit-mesh-cone",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.00219
-    },
-    particleEmitMeshConeScaleRotation: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emit-mesh-cone-scale-rotation",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0031
-    },
-    particleEmitMeshConeScaleRotationWorld: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emit-mesh-cone-scale-rotation-world",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.00928
-    },
-    particleEmitMeshNoShapeWorld: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emit-mesh-no-shape-world",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.00146
-    },
-    particleEmitMeshConeScale3DRotation: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emit-mesh-cone-scale-3d-rotation",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0184
-    },
-    particleEmitMeshConeScaleRotationLife: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emit-mesh-cone-scale-rotation-life",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.036459
-    },
-    particleEmitMeshConeScaleRotationLifeSeperate: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emit-mesh-cone-scale-rotation-life-seperate",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0068
-    },
-    particleEmitMeshConeScale3DRotationLifeSeperate: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emit-mesh-cone-scale-3d-rotation-life-seperate",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.00782
-    },
-    particleEmitBillboardStretched: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-emit-billboard-stretched",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0
-    },
-    particleHorizontalBillboard: {
-      category: "Particle",
-      caseFileName: "particleRenderer-horizontal-billboard",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.2162
-    }
-  },
-  PostProcess: {
-    HDRBloomACES: {
-      category: "PostProcess",
-      caseFileName: "postProcess-HDR-bloom-ACES",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.148
-    },
-    HDRBloomNeutral: {
-      category: "PostProcess",
-      caseFileName: "postProcess-HDR-bloom-neutral",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.072
-    },
-    LDRBloomNeutral: {
-      category: "PostProcess",
-      caseFileName: "postProcess-LDR-bloom-neutral",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.097
-    },
-    customPass: {
-      category: "PostProcess",
-      caseFileName: "postProcess-customPass",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.03
-    }
-  },
-  SpriteMask: {
-    CustomStencil: {
-      category: "SpriteMask",
-      caseFileName: "spriteMask-customStencil",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0024
-    }
-  },
-  Text: {
-    TypedText: {
-      category: "Text",
-      caseFileName: "text-typed",
-      threshold: 0.016,
-      diffPercentage: 0.00136
-    },
-    CharacterSpacing: {
-      category: "Text",
-      caseFileName: "text-character-spacing",
-      threshold: 0.0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.0
-    }
-  },
-  Trail: {
-    basic: {
-      category: "Trail",
-      caseFileName: "trailRenderer-basic",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    }
-  },
-  Other: {
-    MultiSceneClear: {
-      category: "Advance",
-      caseFileName: "multi-scene-clear",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    MultiSceneNoClear: {
-      category: "Advance",
-      caseFileName: "multi-scene-no-clear",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-    MultiCameraNoClear: {
-      category: "Advance",
-      caseFileName: "multi-camera-no-clear",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0
-    },
-
-    CanvasTransparency: {
-      category: "Advance",
-      caseFileName: "canvas-transparency",
-      threshold: 0,
-      diffPercentage: 0.044
-    }
-  }
-};
diff --git a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Animator_animator-crossfade.jpg b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Animator_animator-crossfade.jpg
index ab638de414..c71cd431c8 100644
--- a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Animator_animator-crossfade.jpg
+++ b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Animator_animator-crossfade.jpg
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:e18021c1e0a3b682259046e812eba199c907ffd9a634dda12379f1f0c3b8b43a
-size 45710
+oid sha256:a1dfa2435f26222617b08ce2830ca28d8d84e083678dde1a9d945479c7b6d019
+size 45716
diff --git a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Animator_animator-play.jpg b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Animator_animator-play.jpg
index 79170b806b..ddfb02c4e7 100644
--- a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Animator_animator-play.jpg
+++ b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Animator_animator-play.jpg
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:4910985a371b9022e73d2a7efbd71ca6754bcc7bf4c25edc2a41391f1bb1533b
-size 46499
+oid sha256:82d8ba4776b6b27b923d0f1f0094d48d0d4c59e61e8666275690fec70c39e854
+size 46527
diff --git a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Camera_camera-opaque-texture.jpg b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Camera_camera-opaque-texture.jpg
index bcc2d5f331..1d409ae544 100644
--- a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Camera_camera-opaque-texture.jpg
+++ b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Camera_camera-opaque-texture.jpg
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:fdde03beb8ead802b61a14e8649102c18ccfe6b9e1e176d3b9f8bc0dfe7f9c76
-size 47500
+oid sha256:a2068be8d0b35c94ec1ddaed9da63494f1a93294ea6128e2036563df1947e854
+size 47482
diff --git a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/GPUInstancing_gpu-instancing-auto-batch.jpg b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/GPUInstancing_gpu-instancing-auto-batch.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ecec018d8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/GPUInstancing_gpu-instancing-auto-batch.jpg
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:dc2a26d0ad06c2dfa722484b2e914b43c4c6671c76ec31d18715dc4a89ec1d88
+size 590047
diff --git a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/GPUInstancing_gpu-instancing-custom-data.jpg b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/GPUInstancing_gpu-instancing-custom-data.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79399c097c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/GPUInstancing_gpu-instancing-custom-data.jpg
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:baece2c4437803e1474699eb4e99214b38caa05393f747fe0f7e47bd6469a693
+size 427005
diff --git a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Physics_physx-collision.jpg b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Physics_physx-collision.jpg
deleted file mode 100644
index b1e9becba9..0000000000
--- a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Physics_physx-collision.jpg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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diff --git a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Physics_physx-customUrl.jpg b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Physics_physx-customUrl.jpg
deleted file mode 100644
index b1e9becba9..0000000000
--- a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Physics_physx-customUrl.jpg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
-oid sha256:55cd5d3035ef575743d7332317b571ea2403f9330c918a3c45e96dbbe853e164
-size 39366
diff --git a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Physics_physx-mesh-collider-data.jpg b/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Physics_physx-mesh-collider-data.jpg
deleted file mode 100644
index 6bdbf7360d..0000000000
--- a/e2e/fixtures/originImage/Physics_physx-mesh-collider-data.jpg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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-size 128943
diff --git a/e2e/package.json b/e2e/package.json
index 34a2f56922..8f8cde0b5f 100644
--- a/e2e/package.json
+++ b/e2e/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-e2e",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "license": "MIT",
   "scripts": {
     "case": "vite serve .dev --config .dev/vite.config.js",
diff --git a/examples/package.json b/examples/package.json
index a57e6c4187..cf39d4de73 100644
--- a/examples/package.json
+++ b/examples/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-examples",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "private": true,
   "license": "MIT",
   "main": "dist/main.js",
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
     "@galacean/engine-shader": "workspace:*",
     "@galacean/engine-shaderlab": "workspace:*",
     "@galacean/engine-toolkit": "latest",
+    "@galacean/engine-toolkit-stats": "latest",
     "@galacean/engine-ui": "workspace:*"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/examples/src/gpu-instancing-auto-batch.ts b/examples/src/gpu-instancing-auto-batch.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7aa1b9f80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/gpu-instancing-auto-batch.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/**
+ * @title GPU Instancing Auto Batch
+ * @category Mesh
+ * @thumbnail https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/merchant_appfe/afts/img/A*jjZMTrp-vU8AAAAAAAAAAAAADiR2AQ/original
+ */
+import { OrbitControl, Stats } from "@galacean/engine-toolkit";
+import {
+  AmbientLight,
+  AssetType,
+  Camera,
+  Color,
+  DirectLight,
+  GLTFResource,
+  Logger,
+  Material,
+  MeshRenderer,
+  PrimitiveMesh,
+  Script,
+  Shader,
+  ShaderProperty,
+  Vector3,
+  Vector4,
+  WebGLEngine,
+  WebGLMode
+} from "@galacean/engine";
+
+const _customColorProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_CustomColor");
+
+class SpiralAnimate extends Script {
+  radius: number = 0;
+  radiusSpeed: number = 0;
+  theta: number = 0;
+  thetaSpeed: number = 0;
+  phi: number = 0;
+  phiSpeed: number = 0;
+  rotateSpeed: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+  scaleBase: number = 1;
+  scaleFreq: number = 0;
+  colorPhase: number = 0;
+  colorSpeed: number = 0;
+  private _time: number = 0;
+  private _color: Vector4 = new Vector4();
+  private _hasColor: boolean = false;
+
+  onUpdate(deltaTime: number): void {
+    this._time += deltaTime;
+    const t = this._time;
+    const transform = this.entity.transform;
+
+    // Spiral breathing motion
+    const r = this.radius * (0.6 + 0.4 * Math.sin(t * this.radiusSpeed));
+    const theta = this.theta + t * this.thetaSpeed;
+    const phi = this.phi + t * this.phiSpeed;
+
+    const sinTheta = Math.sin(theta);
+    transform.setPosition(r * sinTheta * Math.cos(phi), r * Math.cos(theta), r * sinTheta * Math.sin(phi));
+
+    // Rotation
+    const { rotateSpeed } = this;
+    transform.rotate(rotateSpeed.x * deltaTime, rotateSpeed.y * deltaTime, rotateSpeed.z * deltaTime);
+
+    // Scale pulse
+    const s = this.scaleBase * (0.7 + 0.3 * Math.sin(t * this.scaleFreq));
+    transform.setScale(s, s, s);
+
+    // Color animation (cubes only)
+    if (this._hasColor) {
+      const ct = t * this.colorSpeed + this.colorPhase;
+      this._color.set(
+        0.5 + 0.5 * Math.sin(ct),
+        0.5 + 0.5 * Math.sin(ct + 2.094),
+        0.5 + 0.5 * Math.sin(ct + 4.189),
+        1.0
+      );
+      this.entity.getComponent(MeshRenderer).shaderData.setVector4(_customColorProperty, this._color);
+    }
+  }
+
+  enableColor(): void {
+    this._hasColor = true;
+  }
+}
+
+// Custom shader for cubes
+Shader.create(
+  "CustomInstanceShader",
+  `
+  #include <transform_declare>
+  attribute vec3 POSITION;
+  attribute vec3 NORMAL;
+
+  varying vec3 v_normal;
+
+  void main() {
+    gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * vec4(POSITION, 1.0);
+    v_normal = normalize((renderer_NormalMat * vec4(NORMAL, 0.0)).xyz);
+  }
+  `,
+  `
+  uniform vec4 renderer_CustomColor;
+
+  varying vec3 v_normal;
+
+  void main() {
+    vec3 lightDir = normalize(vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
+    float NdotL = max(dot(v_normal, lightDir), 0.2);
+    gl_FragColor = vec4(renderer_CustomColor.rgb * NdotL, 1.0);
+  }
+  `
+);
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas", graphicDeviceOptions: { webGLMode: WebGLMode.WebGL2 } }).then(async (engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize();
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  // Camera
+  const cameraEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 100);
+  cameraEntity.transform.lookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+  camera.farClipPlane = 500;
+  cameraEntity.addComponent(OrbitControl);
+
+  // Stats
+  cameraEntity.addComponent(Stats);
+
+  // Light
+  const lightEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Light");
+  lightEntity.transform.setRotation(-45, -45, 0);
+  lightEntity.addComponent(DirectLight).color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  // Load Duck model and ambient light
+  const [glTF, ambientLight] = await Promise.all([
+    engine.resourceManager.load<GLTFResource>({
+      url: "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/rms/afts/file/A*9R-_TY9K_6oAAAAAgIAAAAgAehQnAQ/Avocado.glb",
+      type: AssetType.GLTF
+    }),
+    engine.resourceManager.load<AmbientLight>({
+      url: "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/oasis_be/afts/file/A*eRJ8QKzf5zAAAAAAgBAAAAgAekp5AQ/ambient.ambLight",
+      type: AssetType.AmbientLight
+    })
+  ]);
+  scene.ambientLight = ambientLight;
+
+  // Cube resources
+  const cubeMesh = PrimitiveMesh.createCuboid(engine, 1, 1, 1);
+  const cubeMaterial = new Material(engine, Shader.find("CustomInstanceShader"));
+  const customColorProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_CustomColor");
+
+  // Interleave ducks and cubes to break batching — instancing shines here
+  const duckCount = 2500;
+  const cubeCount = 2500;
+  const totalCount = duckCount + cubeCount;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < totalCount; i++) {
+    const ti = i / totalCount;
+    const isDuck = i % 2 === 0 && i / 2 < duckCount;
+    const isCube = !isDuck;
+
+    let entity;
+    if (isDuck) {
+      entity = glTF.instantiateSceneRoot();
+      rootEntity.addChild(entity);
+    } else {
+      entity = rootEntity.createChild("Cube" + i);
+      const renderer = entity.addComponent(MeshRenderer);
+      renderer.mesh = cubeMesh;
+      renderer.setMaterial(cubeMaterial);
+      const initColor = new Vector4(Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random(), 1.0);
+      renderer.shaderData.setVector4(customColorProperty, initColor);
+    }
+
+    const anim = entity.addComponent(SpiralAnimate);
+    anim.radius = 10 + Math.random() * 40;
+    anim.radiusSpeed = 0.3 + Math.random() * 0.6;
+    anim.theta = ti * Math.PI * 2 * 13.7;
+    anim.phi = ti * Math.PI * 2 * 7.3;
+    anim.thetaSpeed = (0.2 + Math.random() * 0.4) * (Math.random() > 0.5 ? 1 : -1);
+    anim.phiSpeed = (0.3 + Math.random() * 0.5) * (Math.random() > 0.5 ? 1 : -1);
+    anim.rotateSpeed = new Vector3((Math.random() - 0.5) * 60, (Math.random() - 0.5) * 60, (Math.random() - 0.5) * 60);
+    anim.scaleBase = (isDuck ? 20 : 1) * (0.6 + Math.random() * 0.8);
+    anim.scaleFreq = 0.5 + Math.random() * 2;
+
+    if (isCube) {
+      anim.colorPhase = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2;
+      anim.colorSpeed = 0.5 + Math.random() * 2;
+      anim.enableColor();
+    }
+  }
+
+  engine.run();
+});
diff --git a/examples/src/gpu-instancing-custom-data.ts b/examples/src/gpu-instancing-custom-data.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27857d5730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/gpu-instancing-custom-data.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/**
+ * @title GPU Instancing Custom Data
+ * @category Mesh
+ * @thumbnail https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/merchant_appfe/afts/img/A*jjZMTrp-vU8AAAAAAAAAAAAADiR2AQ/original
+ */
+import { OrbitControl, Stats } from "@galacean/engine-toolkit";
+import {
+  Camera,
+  Color,
+  DirectLight,
+  Logger,
+  Material,
+  MeshRenderer,
+  PrimitiveMesh,
+  Script,
+  Shader,
+  ShaderProperty,
+  Vector3,
+  Vector4,
+  WebGLEngine,
+  WebGLMode
+} from "@galacean/engine";
+
+const _customColorProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_CustomColor");
+
+class SpiralFlash extends Script {
+  radius: number = 0;
+  radiusSpeed: number = 0;
+  theta: number = 0;
+  thetaSpeed: number = 0;
+  phi: number = 0;
+  phiSpeed: number = 0;
+  rotateSpeed: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+  scaleBase: number = 1;
+  scaleFreq: number = 0;
+  colorPhase: number = 0;
+  colorSpeed: number = 1;
+  private _time: number = 0;
+  private _color: Vector4 = new Vector4();
+
+  onUpdate(deltaTime: number): void {
+    this._time += deltaTime;
+    const t = this._time;
+    const transform = this.entity.transform;
+
+    // Spiral breathing motion
+    const r = this.radius * (0.6 + 0.4 * Math.sin(t * this.radiusSpeed));
+    const theta = this.theta + t * this.thetaSpeed;
+    const phi = this.phi + t * this.phiSpeed;
+
+    const sinTheta = Math.sin(theta);
+    transform.setPosition(r * sinTheta * Math.cos(phi), r * Math.cos(theta), r * sinTheta * Math.sin(phi));
+
+    // Rotation
+    const { rotateSpeed } = this;
+    transform.rotate(rotateSpeed.x * deltaTime, rotateSpeed.y * deltaTime, rotateSpeed.z * deltaTime);
+
+    // Scale pulse
+    const s = this.scaleBase * (0.7 + 0.3 * Math.sin(t * this.scaleFreq));
+    transform.setScale(s, s, s);
+
+    // Color cycles through hue based on time + unique phase
+    const ct = t * this.colorSpeed + this.colorPhase;
+    this._color.set(0.5 + 0.5 * Math.sin(ct), 0.5 + 0.5 * Math.sin(ct + 2.094), 0.5 + 0.5 * Math.sin(ct + 4.189), 1.0);
+    this.entity.getComponent(MeshRenderer).shaderData.setVector4(_customColorProperty, this._color);
+  }
+}
+
+Logger.enable();
+
+Shader.create(
+  "CustomInstanceShader",
+  `
+  #include <transform_declare>
+  attribute vec3 POSITION;
+  attribute vec3 NORMAL;
+
+  varying vec3 v_normal;
+
+  void main() {
+    gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * vec4(POSITION, 1.0);
+    v_normal = normalize((renderer_NormalMat * vec4(NORMAL, 0.0)).xyz);
+  }
+  `,
+  `
+  uniform vec4 renderer_CustomColor;
+
+  varying vec3 v_normal;
+
+  void main() {
+    vec3 lightDir = normalize(vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
+    float NdotL = max(dot(v_normal, lightDir), 0.2);
+    gl_FragColor = vec4(renderer_CustomColor.rgb * NdotL, 1.0);
+  }
+  `
+);
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas", graphicDeviceOptions: { webGLMode: WebGLMode.WebGL2 } }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize();
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  // Camera
+  const cameraEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 100);
+  cameraEntity.transform.lookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+  camera.farClipPlane = 500;
+  cameraEntity.addComponent(OrbitControl);
+
+  // Stats
+  cameraEntity.addComponent(Stats);
+
+  // Light
+  const lightEntity = rootEntity.createChild("Light");
+  lightEntity.transform.setRotation(-45, -45, 0);
+  lightEntity.addComponent(DirectLight).color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  const mesh = PrimitiveMesh.createCuboid(engine, 1, 1, 1);
+  const material = new Material(engine, Shader.find("CustomInstanceShader"));
+  const customColorProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_CustomColor");
+
+  const count = 5000;
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    const entity = rootEntity.createChild("Cube" + i);
+    const ti = i / count;
+
+    const renderer = entity.addComponent(MeshRenderer);
+    renderer.mesh = mesh;
+    renderer.setMaterial(material);
+
+    const initColor = new Vector4(Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random(), 1.0);
+    renderer.shaderData.setVector4(customColorProperty, initColor);
+
+    const anim = entity.addComponent(SpiralFlash);
+    anim.radius = 10 + Math.random() * 40;
+    anim.radiusSpeed = 0.3 + Math.random() * 0.6;
+    anim.theta = ti * Math.PI * 2 * 13.7;
+    anim.phi = ti * Math.PI * 2 * 7.3;
+    anim.thetaSpeed = (0.2 + Math.random() * 0.4) * (Math.random() > 0.5 ? 1 : -1);
+    anim.phiSpeed = (0.3 + Math.random() * 0.5) * (Math.random() > 0.5 ? 1 : -1);
+    anim.rotateSpeed = new Vector3((Math.random() - 0.5) * 60, (Math.random() - 0.5) * 60, (Math.random() - 0.5) * 60);
+    anim.scaleBase = 0.6 + Math.random() * 0.8;
+    anim.scaleFreq = 0.5 + Math.random() * 2;
+    anim.colorPhase = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2;
+    anim.colorSpeed = 0.5 + Math.random() * 2;
+  }
+
+  engine.run();
+});
diff --git a/examples/src/sprite-mask.ts b/examples/src/sprite-mask.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8dc719105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/sprite-mask.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/**
+ * @title Sprite Mask
+ * @category 2D
+ */
+import {
+  AssetType,
+  Camera,
+  Sprite,
+  SpriteMask,
+  SpriteMaskInteraction,
+  SpriteMaskLayer,
+  SpriteRenderer,
+  Texture2D,
+  WebGLEngine
+} from "@galacean/engine";
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize();
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  scene.background.solidColor.set(0.05, 0.05, 0.07, 1);
+  const root = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  const cameraEntity = root.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 50);
+  cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+
+  engine.resourceManager
+    .load<Texture2D>({
+      url: "https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_7c464e/afts/img/A*ApFPTZSqcMkAAAAAAAAAAAAAARQnAQ",
+      type: AssetType.Texture2D
+    })
+    .then((texture) => {
+      const sprite = new Sprite(engine, texture);
+      const maskSprite = new Sprite(engine, createSolidTexture(engine));
+
+      const spriteWidth = sprite.width;
+      const spriteHeight = sprite.height;
+      // Mask covers ~half of the sprite so the cut is obvious.
+      const maskWidth = spriteWidth * 0.6;
+      const maskHeight = spriteHeight * 0.6;
+      // Lay the two characters out side by side based on sprite size.
+      const groupOffsetX = spriteWidth * 0.6;
+
+      // --- Left: VisibleInsideMask -> only the part covered by the square mask is visible ---
+      const leftGroup = root.createChild("LeftGroup");
+      leftGroup.transform.setPosition(-groupOffsetX, 0, 0);
+
+      const leftMaskEntity = leftGroup.createChild("Mask");
+      const leftMask = leftMaskEntity.addComponent(SpriteMask);
+      leftMask.sprite = maskSprite;
+      leftMask.width = maskWidth;
+      leftMask.height = maskHeight;
+      leftMask.influenceLayers = SpriteMaskLayer.Layer0;
+
+      const leftSpriteEntity = leftGroup.createChild("Sprite");
+      const leftSprite = leftSpriteEntity.addComponent(SpriteRenderer);
+      leftSprite.sprite = sprite;
+      leftSprite.maskInteraction = SpriteMaskInteraction.VisibleInsideMask;
+      leftSprite.maskLayer = SpriteMaskLayer.Layer0;
+
+      // --- Right: VisibleOutsideMask -> character with a square hole punched out ---
+      const rightGroup = root.createChild("RightGroup");
+      rightGroup.transform.setPosition(groupOffsetX, 0, 0);
+
+      const rightMaskEntity = rightGroup.createChild("Mask");
+      const rightMask = rightMaskEntity.addComponent(SpriteMask);
+      rightMask.sprite = maskSprite;
+      rightMask.width = maskWidth;
+      rightMask.height = maskHeight;
+      rightMask.influenceLayers = SpriteMaskLayer.Layer1;
+
+      const rightSpriteEntity = rightGroup.createChild("Sprite");
+      const rightSprite = rightSpriteEntity.addComponent(SpriteRenderer);
+      rightSprite.sprite = sprite;
+      rightSprite.maskInteraction = SpriteMaskInteraction.VisibleOutsideMask;
+      rightSprite.maskLayer = SpriteMaskLayer.Layer1;
+    });
+
+  engine.run();
+});
+
+function createSolidTexture(engine: WebGLEngine): Texture2D {
+  const texture = new Texture2D(engine, 1, 1);
+  texture.setPixelBuffer(new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255]));
+  return texture;
+}
diff --git a/examples/src/sprite-renderer-filled.ts b/examples/src/sprite-renderer-filled.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e31504875f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/sprite-renderer-filled.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/**
+ * @title Sprite Filled
+ * @category 2D
+ */
+
+import * as dat from "dat.gui";
+import {
+  AssetType,
+  Camera,
+  Sprite,
+  SpriteDrawMode,
+  SpriteFilledMode,
+  SpriteFilledOrigin,
+  SpriteRenderer,
+  Texture2D,
+  Vector3,
+  WebGLEngine
+} from "@galacean/engine";
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize();
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  scene.background.solidColor.set(0.15, 0.15, 0.18, 1);
+  const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity();
+
+  // Create camera
+  const cameraEntity = rootEntity.createChild("camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 50);
+  cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+
+  // Load texture and create sprite
+  engine.resourceManager
+    .load<Texture2D>({
+      url: "https://gw.alipayobjects.com/mdn/rms_7c464e/afts/img/A*ApFPTZSqcMkAAAAAAAAAAAAAARQnAQ",
+      type: AssetType.Texture2D
+    })
+    .then((texture) => {
+      const spriteEntity = rootEntity.createChild("sprite");
+      spriteEntity.transform.position = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
+      spriteEntity.transform.setScale(2, 2, 2);
+      const renderer = spriteEntity.addComponent(SpriteRenderer);
+      renderer.sprite = new Sprite(engine, texture);
+
+      // Set filled mode
+      renderer.drawMode = SpriteDrawMode.Filled;
+      renderer.filledMode = SpriteFilledMode.Radial360;
+      renderer.filledOrigin = SpriteFilledOrigin.Bottom;
+      renderer.filledAmount = 0.75;
+      renderer.filledClockWise = true;
+
+      addGUI(renderer);
+    });
+
+  engine.run();
+
+  function addGUI(renderer: SpriteRenderer) {
+    const gui = new dat.GUI();
+
+    const filledModeMap: Record<string, SpriteFilledMode> = {
+      Horizontal: SpriteFilledMode.Horizontal,
+      Vertical: SpriteFilledMode.Vertical,
+      Radial90: SpriteFilledMode.Radial90,
+      Radial180: SpriteFilledMode.Radial180,
+      Radial360: SpriteFilledMode.Radial360
+    };
+
+    const originForRadial360: string[] = ["Right", "Top", "Left", "Bottom"];
+    const originForRadial180: string[] = ["Right", "Top", "Left", "Bottom"];
+    const originForRadial90: string[] = ["BottomLeft", "BottomRight", "TopRight", "TopLeft"];
+    const originForHorizontal: string[] = ["Left", "Right"];
+    const originForVertical: string[] = ["Bottom", "Top"];
+
+    const originMap: Record<string, SpriteFilledOrigin> = {
+      Right: SpriteFilledOrigin.Right,
+      TopRight: SpriteFilledOrigin.TopRight,
+      Top: SpriteFilledOrigin.Top,
+      TopLeft: SpriteFilledOrigin.TopLeft,
+      Left: SpriteFilledOrigin.Left,
+      BottomLeft: SpriteFilledOrigin.BottomLeft,
+      Bottom: SpriteFilledOrigin.Bottom,
+      BottomRight: SpriteFilledOrigin.BottomRight
+    };
+
+    const state = {
+      filledMode: "Radial360",
+      origin: "Bottom",
+      amount: 0.75,
+      clockWise: true
+    };
+
+    const folder = gui.addFolder("Filled Sprite");
+    folder.open();
+
+    // Filled mode
+    folder.add(state, "filledMode", Object.keys(filledModeMap)).onChange((value: string) => {
+      renderer.filledMode = filledModeMap[value];
+      updateOriginOptions(value);
+    });
+
+    // Origin
+    let originCtrl = folder.add(state, "origin", originForRadial360).onChange((value: string) => {
+      renderer.filledOrigin = originMap[value];
+    });
+
+    // Amount
+    folder.add(state, "amount", 0.0, 1.0, 0.01).onChange((value: number) => {
+      renderer.filledAmount = value;
+    });
+
+    // ClockWise
+    folder.add(state, "clockWise").onChange((value: boolean) => {
+      renderer.filledClockWise = value;
+    });
+
+    function updateOriginOptions(mode: string) {
+      folder.remove(originCtrl);
+
+      let options: string[];
+      switch (mode) {
+        case "Horizontal":
+          options = originForHorizontal;
+          break;
+        case "Vertical":
+          options = originForVertical;
+          break;
+        case "Radial90":
+          options = originForRadial90;
+          break;
+        case "Radial180":
+          options = originForRadial180;
+          break;
+        default:
+          options = originForRadial360;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      state.origin = options[0];
+      renderer.filledOrigin = originMap[state.origin];
+
+      originCtrl = folder.add(state, "origin", options).onChange((value: string) => {
+        renderer.filledOrigin = originMap[value];
+      });
+    }
+  }
+});
diff --git a/examples/src/ui-mask-alpha.ts b/examples/src/ui-mask-alpha.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b5f340fd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/ui-mask-alpha.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/**
+ * @title UI Mask Alpha Cutoff
+ * @category UI
+ */
+import * as dat from "dat.gui";
+import { Camera, Color, Sprite, SpriteMaskInteraction, Texture2D, TextureFormat, WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine";
+import { CanvasRenderMode, Image, Mask, Text, UICanvas, UITransform } from "@galacean/engine-ui";
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize();
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  scene.background.solidColor = new Color(0.03, 0.04, 0.07, 1);
+  const root = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  const cameraEntity = root.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 10);
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+
+  const canvasEntity = root.createChild("UICanvas");
+  const uiCanvas = canvasEntity.addComponent(UICanvas);
+  uiCanvas.renderMode = CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceCamera;
+  uiCanvas.camera = camera;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolutionPerUnit = 100;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolution.set(1200, 800);
+
+  const solidSprite = createSolidSprite(engine);
+  const circleSprite = createCircleSprite(engine, 256);
+
+  const groupEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("Group");
+  (<UITransform>groupEntity.transform).setPosition(0, 40, 0);
+
+  // Circular mask
+  const maskEntity = groupEntity.createChild("Mask");
+  (<UITransform>maskEntity.transform).size.set(300, 300);
+  const mask = maskEntity.addComponent(Mask);
+  mask.sprite = circleSprite;
+  mask.alphaCutoff = 0.5;
+
+  // Background visible inside circle
+  const insideEntity = groupEntity.createChild("Inside");
+  (<UITransform>insideEntity.transform).size.set(500, 500);
+  const inside = insideEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  inside.sprite = solidSprite;
+  inside.color.set(0.95, 0.61, 0.07, 1);
+  inside.maskInteraction = SpriteMaskInteraction.VisibleInsideMask;
+
+  const labelEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("Label");
+  (<UITransform>labelEntity.transform).size.set(800, 80);
+  (<UITransform>labelEntity.transform).setPosition(0, -260, 0);
+  const label = labelEntity.addComponent(Text);
+  label.text = "Drag the slider to change alphaCutoff";
+  label.fontSize = 28;
+  label.color.set(0.85, 0.9, 1, 1);
+
+  const gui = new dat.GUI();
+  const state = { alphaCutoff: 0.5 };
+  gui
+    .add(state, "alphaCutoff", 0.0, 1.0, 0.01)
+    .name("Mask Alpha Cutoff")
+    .onChange((value: number) => {
+      mask.alphaCutoff = value;
+    });
+
+  engine.run();
+});
+
+function createSolidSprite(engine: WebGLEngine): Sprite {
+  const texture = new Texture2D(engine, 1, 1);
+  texture.setPixelBuffer(new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255]));
+  return new Sprite(engine, texture);
+}
+
+/** Soft circle: alpha falls off radially so alphaCutoff has visible effect. */
+function createCircleSprite(engine: WebGLEngine, size: number): Sprite {
+  const buffer = new Uint8Array(size * size * 4);
+  const cx = size * 0.5;
+  const cy = size * 0.5;
+  const radius = size * 0.5;
+  for (let y = 0; y < size; y++) {
+    for (let x = 0; x < size; x++) {
+      const dx = x - cx;
+      const dy = y - cy;
+      const dist = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+      const t = Math.max(0, 1 - dist / radius);
+      const alpha = Math.min(255, Math.floor(t * 255));
+      const i = (y * size + x) * 4;
+      buffer[i] = 255;
+      buffer[i + 1] = 255;
+      buffer[i + 2] = 255;
+      buffer[i + 3] = alpha;
+    }
+  }
+  const texture = new Texture2D(engine, size, size, TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8, false);
+  texture.setPixelBuffer(buffer);
+  return new Sprite(engine, texture);
+}
diff --git a/examples/src/ui-mask-overlay.ts b/examples/src/ui-mask-overlay.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7fa6b5096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/ui-mask-overlay.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/**
+ * @title UI Mask Overlay
+ * @category UI
+ */
+import { Camera, Color, Sprite, SpriteMaskInteraction, Texture2D, WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine";
+import { CanvasRenderMode, Image, Mask, RectMask2D, Text, UICanvas, UITransform } from "@galacean/engine-ui";
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize();
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  scene.background.solidColor = new Color(0.03, 0.04, 0.07, 1);
+  const root = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  // Camera is required for default scene rendering even though overlay UI doesn't use it for projection.
+  const cameraEntity = root.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 10);
+  cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+
+  const canvasEntity = root.createChild("UICanvas");
+  const uiCanvas = canvasEntity.addComponent(UICanvas);
+  uiCanvas.renderMode = CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceOverlay;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolutionPerUnit = 100;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolution.set(1200, 800);
+
+  const solidSprite = createSolidSprite(engine);
+
+  // ===== Left half: SpriteMask (Mask component) =====
+  const maskGroup = canvasEntity.createChild("MaskGroup");
+  (<UITransform>maskGroup.transform).setPosition(-300, 60, 0);
+
+  const maskEntity = maskGroup.createChild("Mask");
+  (<UITransform>maskEntity.transform).size.set(280, 280);
+  const mask = maskEntity.addComponent(Mask);
+  mask.sprite = solidSprite;
+
+  const insideEntity = maskGroup.createChild("InsideImage");
+  (<UITransform>insideEntity.transform).size.set(440, 440);
+  const inside = insideEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  inside.sprite = solidSprite;
+  inside.color.set(0.91, 0.3, 0.24, 1);
+  inside.maskInteraction = SpriteMaskInteraction.VisibleInsideMask;
+
+  const maskLabelEntity = maskGroup.createChild("Label");
+  (<UITransform>maskLabelEntity.transform).size.set(360, 60);
+  (<UITransform>maskLabelEntity.transform).setPosition(0, -260, 0);
+  const maskLabel = maskLabelEntity.addComponent(Text);
+  maskLabel.text = "Mask  (Overlay)";
+  maskLabel.fontSize = 32;
+  maskLabel.color.set(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  // ===== Right half: RectMask2D =====
+  const rectGroup = canvasEntity.createChild("RectGroup");
+  (<UITransform>rectGroup.transform).setPosition(300, 60, 0);
+
+  const viewportEntity = rectGroup.createChild("Viewport");
+  (<UITransform>viewportEntity.transform).size.set(360, 280);
+  const viewport = viewportEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  viewport.sprite = solidSprite;
+  viewport.color.set(0.17, 0.18, 0.2, 1);
+  viewportEntity.addComponent(RectMask2D);
+
+  const contentEntity = viewportEntity.createChild("Content");
+  (<UITransform>contentEntity.transform).size.set(560, 480);
+  (<UITransform>contentEntity.transform).setPosition(60, -50, 0);
+
+  const tileColors = [
+    new Color(0.91, 0.3, 0.24, 1),
+    new Color(0.16, 0.5, 0.73, 1),
+    new Color(0.18, 0.8, 0.44, 1),
+    new Color(0.95, 0.61, 0.07, 1)
+  ];
+  const tileSize = 220;
+  const gap = 20;
+  for (let row = 0; row < 2; row++) {
+    for (let col = 0; col < 2; col++) {
+      const i = row * 2 + col;
+      const tileEntity = contentEntity.createChild(`Tile_${i}`);
+      const t = <UITransform>tileEntity.transform;
+      t.size.set(tileSize, tileSize);
+      t.setPosition(col * (tileSize + gap) - (tileSize + gap) / 2, (tileSize + gap) / 2 - row * (tileSize + gap), 0);
+
+      const tile = tileEntity.addComponent(Image);
+      tile.sprite = solidSprite;
+      tile.color = tileColors[i];
+
+      const labelEntity = tileEntity.createChild("Label");
+      (<UITransform>labelEntity.transform).size.set(tileSize, tileSize);
+      const label = labelEntity.addComponent(Text);
+      label.text = `${i + 1}`;
+      label.fontSize = 64;
+      label.color.set(1, 1, 1, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const rectLabelEntity = rectGroup.createChild("Label");
+  (<UITransform>rectLabelEntity.transform).size.set(360, 60);
+  (<UITransform>rectLabelEntity.transform).setPosition(0, -260, 0);
+  const rectLabel = rectLabelEntity.addComponent(Text);
+  rectLabel.text = "RectMask2D  (Overlay)";
+  rectLabel.fontSize = 32;
+  rectLabel.color.set(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  // Top header
+  const headerEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("Header");
+  (<UITransform>headerEntity.transform).size.set(900, 80);
+  (<UITransform>headerEntity.transform).setPosition(0, 320, 0);
+  const header = headerEntity.addComponent(Text);
+  header.text = "ScreenSpaceOverlay  ·  Mask & RectMask2D";
+  header.fontSize = 36;
+  header.color.set(0.85, 0.92, 1, 1);
+
+  engine.run();
+});
+
+function createSolidSprite(engine: WebGLEngine): Sprite {
+  const texture = new Texture2D(engine, 1, 1);
+  texture.setPixelBuffer(new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255]));
+  return new Sprite(engine, texture);
+}
diff --git a/examples/src/ui-mask.ts b/examples/src/ui-mask.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..260392e6e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/ui-mask.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/**
+ * @title UI Mask
+ * @category UI
+ */
+import { Camera, Color, Sprite, SpriteMaskInteraction, Texture2D, WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine";
+import { CanvasRenderMode, Image, Mask, Text, UICanvas, UITransform } from "@galacean/engine-ui";
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize();
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  scene.background.solidColor = new Color(0.03, 0.04, 0.07, 1);
+  const root = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  const cameraEntity = root.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 10);
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+
+  const canvasEntity = root.createChild("UICanvas");
+  const uiCanvas = canvasEntity.addComponent(UICanvas);
+  uiCanvas.renderMode = CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceCamera;
+  uiCanvas.camera = camera;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolutionPerUnit = 100;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolution.set(1200, 800);
+
+  const solidSprite = createSolidSprite(engine);
+
+  // --- Left group: VisibleInsideMask ---
+  const leftGroupEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("LeftGroup");
+  (<UITransform>leftGroupEntity.transform).setPosition(-300, 0, 0);
+
+  // Square mask
+  const leftMaskEntity = leftGroupEntity.createChild("Mask");
+  (<UITransform>leftMaskEntity.transform).size.set(300, 300);
+  const leftMask = leftMaskEntity.addComponent(Mask);
+  leftMask.sprite = solidSprite;
+
+  // Image clipped to inside the mask
+  const insideImageEntity = leftGroupEntity.createChild("InsideImage");
+  (<UITransform>insideImageEntity.transform).size.set(500, 500);
+  const insideImage = insideImageEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  insideImage.sprite = solidSprite;
+  insideImage.color.set(0.91, 0.3, 0.24, 1);
+  insideImage.maskInteraction = SpriteMaskInteraction.VisibleInsideMask;
+
+  const leftLabelEntity = leftGroupEntity.createChild("Label");
+  (<UITransform>leftLabelEntity.transform).size.set(300, 60);
+  (<UITransform>leftLabelEntity.transform).setPosition(0, -210, 0);
+  const leftLabel = leftLabelEntity.addComponent(Text);
+  leftLabel.text = "VisibleInsideMask";
+  leftLabel.fontSize = 30;
+  leftLabel.color.set(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  // --- Right group: VisibleOutsideMask ---
+  const rightGroupEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("RightGroup");
+  (<UITransform>rightGroupEntity.transform).setPosition(300, 0, 0);
+
+  const rightMaskEntity = rightGroupEntity.createChild("Mask");
+  (<UITransform>rightMaskEntity.transform).size.set(300, 300);
+  const rightMask = rightMaskEntity.addComponent(Mask);
+  rightMask.sprite = solidSprite;
+
+  const outsideImageEntity = rightGroupEntity.createChild("OutsideImage");
+  (<UITransform>outsideImageEntity.transform).size.set(500, 500);
+  const outsideImage = outsideImageEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  outsideImage.sprite = solidSprite;
+  outsideImage.color.set(0.16, 0.5, 0.73, 1);
+  outsideImage.maskInteraction = SpriteMaskInteraction.VisibleOutsideMask;
+
+  const rightLabelEntity = rightGroupEntity.createChild("Label");
+  (<UITransform>rightLabelEntity.transform).size.set(300, 60);
+  (<UITransform>rightLabelEntity.transform).setPosition(0, -210, 0);
+  const rightLabel = rightLabelEntity.addComponent(Text);
+  rightLabel.text = "VisibleOutsideMask";
+  rightLabel.fontSize = 30;
+  rightLabel.color.set(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  engine.run();
+});
+
+function createSolidSprite(engine: WebGLEngine): Sprite {
+  const texture = new Texture2D(engine, 1, 1);
+  texture.setPixelBuffer(new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255]));
+  return new Sprite(engine, texture);
+}
diff --git a/examples/src/ui-rect-mask-nested.ts b/examples/src/ui-rect-mask-nested.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0eae971bfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/ui-rect-mask-nested.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/**
+ * @title UI RectMask2D Nested
+ * @category UI
+ */
+import { Camera, Color, Sprite, Texture2D, WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine";
+import { CanvasRenderMode, Image, RectMask2D, Text, UICanvas, UITransform } from "@galacean/engine-ui";
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize();
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  scene.background.solidColor = new Color(0.03, 0.04, 0.07, 1);
+  const root = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  const cameraEntity = root.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 10);
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+
+  const canvasEntity = root.createChild("UICanvas");
+  const uiCanvas = canvasEntity.addComponent(UICanvas);
+  uiCanvas.renderMode = CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceCamera;
+  uiCanvas.camera = camera;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolutionPerUnit = 100;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolution.set(1200, 800);
+
+  const solidSprite = createSolidSprite(engine);
+
+  // Outer mask (wide, short)
+  const outerEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("OuterMask");
+  (<UITransform>outerEntity.transform).size.set(560, 240);
+  (<UITransform>outerEntity.transform).setPosition(0, 60, 0);
+  const outerImage = outerEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  outerImage.sprite = solidSprite;
+  outerImage.color.set(0.13, 0.18, 0.28, 1);
+  outerEntity.addComponent(RectMask2D);
+
+  // Inner mask (tall, narrow), child of outer
+  const innerEntity = outerEntity.createChild("InnerMask");
+  (<UITransform>innerEntity.transform).size.set(240, 480);
+  (<UITransform>innerEntity.transform).setPosition(0, 0, 0);
+  const innerImage = innerEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  innerImage.sprite = solidSprite;
+  innerImage.color.set(0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1);
+  innerEntity.addComponent(RectMask2D);
+
+  // Big colored content under both masks — only the intersection of outer ∩ inner remains visible
+  const contentEntity = innerEntity.createChild("Content");
+  (<UITransform>contentEntity.transform).size.set(800, 800);
+  const content = contentEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  content.sprite = solidSprite;
+  content.color.set(0.95, 0.61, 0.07, 1);
+
+  const labelTopEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("LabelTop");
+  (<UITransform>labelTopEntity.transform).size.set(900, 60);
+  (<UITransform>labelTopEntity.transform).setPosition(0, 220, 0);
+  const labelTop = labelTopEntity.addComponent(Text);
+  labelTop.text = "Outer 560x240  ∩  Inner 240x480  →  visible: 240x240";
+  labelTop.fontSize = 28;
+  labelTop.color.set(1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+  const labelBottomEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("LabelBottom");
+  (<UITransform>labelBottomEntity.transform).size.set(900, 60);
+  (<UITransform>labelBottomEntity.transform).setPosition(0, -260, 0);
+  const labelBottom = labelBottomEntity.addComponent(Text);
+  labelBottom.text = "Nested RectMask2D takes the rect intersection of all ancestor masks.";
+  labelBottom.fontSize = 24;
+  labelBottom.color.set(0.77, 0.82, 0.89, 1);
+
+  engine.run();
+});
+
+function createSolidSprite(engine: WebGLEngine): Sprite {
+  const texture = new Texture2D(engine, 1, 1);
+  texture.setPixelBuffer(new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255]));
+  return new Sprite(engine, texture);
+}
diff --git a/examples/src/ui-rect-mask.ts b/examples/src/ui-rect-mask.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92078d6c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/ui-rect-mask.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/**
+ * @title UI RectMask2D
+ * @category UI
+ */
+import * as dat from "dat.gui";
+import { Camera, Color, Sprite, Texture2D, Vector2, WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine";
+import { CanvasRenderMode, Image, RectMask2D, Text, UICanvas, UITransform } from "@galacean/engine-ui";
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize();
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  scene.background.solidColor = new Color(0.03, 0.04, 0.07, 1);
+  const root = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  const cameraEntity = root.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 10);
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+
+  const canvasEntity = root.createChild("UICanvas");
+  const uiCanvas = canvasEntity.addComponent(UICanvas);
+  uiCanvas.renderMode = CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceCamera;
+  uiCanvas.camera = camera;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolutionPerUnit = 100;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolution.set(1200, 800);
+
+  const solidSprite = createSolidSprite(engine);
+
+  // Frame card
+  const frameEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("Frame");
+  (<UITransform>frameEntity.transform).size.set(560, 460);
+  (<UITransform>frameEntity.transform).setPosition(-180, 20, 0);
+  const frame = frameEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  frame.sprite = solidSprite;
+  frame.color.set(0.09, 0.11, 0.15, 1);
+
+  // Viewport with RectMask2D
+  const viewportEntity = frameEntity.createChild("Viewport");
+  (<UITransform>viewportEntity.transform).size.set(440, 320);
+  (<UITransform>viewportEntity.transform).setPosition(30, -10, 0);
+  const viewport = viewportEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  viewport.sprite = solidSprite;
+  viewport.color.set(0.17, 0.18, 0.2, 1);
+  const rectMask = viewportEntity.addComponent(RectMask2D);
+
+  // 3x3 colored tiles overflow the viewport
+  const contentEntity = viewportEntity.createChild("Content");
+  (<UITransform>contentEntity.transform).size.set(740, 560);
+  (<UITransform>contentEntity.transform).setPosition(80, -60, 0);
+
+  const colors = [
+    new Color(0.91, 0.3, 0.24, 1),
+    new Color(0.16, 0.5, 0.73, 1),
+    new Color(0.18, 0.8, 0.44, 1),
+    new Color(0.95, 0.61, 0.07, 1),
+    new Color(0.56, 0.27, 0.68, 1),
+    new Color(0.2, 0.6, 0.86, 1),
+    new Color(0.83, 0.33, 0.33, 1),
+    new Color(0.1, 0.74, 0.61, 1),
+    new Color(0.93, 0.78, 0.0, 1)
+  ];
+
+  const tileWidth = 180;
+  const tileHeight = 180;
+  const gap = 10;
+  for (let row = 0; row < 3; row++) {
+    for (let col = 0; col < 3; col++) {
+      const index = row * 3 + col;
+      const tileEntity = contentEntity.createChild(`Tile_${index}`);
+      const t = <UITransform>tileEntity.transform;
+      t.size.set(tileWidth, tileHeight);
+      t.setPosition(col * (tileWidth + gap) - 170, 170 - row * (tileHeight + gap), 0);
+
+      const tile = tileEntity.addComponent(Image);
+      tile.sprite = solidSprite;
+      tile.color = colors[index];
+
+      const labelEntity = tileEntity.createChild("Label");
+      (<UITransform>labelEntity.transform).size.set(tileWidth, tileHeight);
+      const label = labelEntity.addComponent(Text);
+      label.text = `${index + 1}`;
+      label.fontSize = 56;
+      label.color.set(1, 1, 1, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Right info card
+  const noteEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("Note");
+  (<UITransform>noteEntity.transform).size.set(360, 220);
+  (<UITransform>noteEntity.transform).setPosition(290, 20, 0);
+  const note = noteEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  note.sprite = solidSprite;
+  note.color.set(0.08, 0.09, 0.12, 1);
+
+  const noteTextEntity = noteEntity.createChild("Copy");
+  (<UITransform>noteTextEntity.transform).size.set(320, 180);
+  const noteText = noteTextEntity.addComponent(Text);
+  noteText.text =
+    "RectMask2D clips Image\nand Text by an axis-\naligned rectangle.\n\nUse the GUI to tweak\nsoftness / alphaClip.";
+  noteText.fontSize = 26;
+  noteText.color.set(0.77, 0.82, 0.89, 1);
+
+  const gui = new dat.GUI();
+  const state = {
+    softnessX: 0,
+    softnessY: 0,
+    alphaClip: false
+  };
+  gui
+    .add(state, "softnessX", 0, 80, 1)
+    .name("softness.x")
+    .onChange((v: number) => {
+      rectMask.softness = new Vector2(v, state.softnessY);
+    });
+  gui
+    .add(state, "softnessY", 0, 80, 1)
+    .name("softness.y")
+    .onChange((v: number) => {
+      rectMask.softness = new Vector2(state.softnessX, v);
+    });
+  gui
+    .add(state, "alphaClip")
+    .name("alphaClip (discard)")
+    .onChange((v: boolean) => {
+      rectMask.alphaClip = v;
+    });
+
+  engine.run();
+});
+
+function createSolidSprite(engine: WebGLEngine): Sprite {
+  const texture = new Texture2D(engine, 1, 1);
+  texture.setPixelBuffer(new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255]));
+  return new Sprite(engine, texture);
+}
diff --git a/examples/src/ui-text-outline.ts b/examples/src/ui-text-outline.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fae8865a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/ui-text-outline.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**
+ * @title UI Text Outline
+ * @category UI
+ */
+import * as dat from "dat.gui";
+import { Camera, Color, WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine";
+import { CanvasRenderMode, Text, UICanvas, UITransform } from "@galacean/engine-ui";
+
+WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: "canvas" }).then((engine) => {
+  engine.canvas.resizeByClientSize();
+
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  scene.background.solidColor = new Color(0.05, 0.07, 0.1, 1);
+  const root = scene.createRootEntity("Root");
+
+  const cameraEntity = root.createChild("Camera");
+  cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 10);
+  const camera = cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+
+  const canvasEntity = root.createChild("UICanvas");
+  const uiCanvas = canvasEntity.addComponent(UICanvas);
+  uiCanvas.renderMode = CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceCamera;
+  uiCanvas.camera = camera;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolutionPerUnit = 100;
+  uiCanvas.referenceResolution.set(1280, 800);
+
+  // ---------- Matrix grid ----------
+  // Rows = outlineWidth (0 / 1 / 2 / 4 / 8 px)
+  // Cols = (text color, outline color) presets
+  const widthCases = [0, 1, 2, 4, 8];
+  const colorCases: { name: string; fill: Color; outline: Color }[] = [
+    { name: "white / black", fill: new Color(1, 1, 1, 1), outline: new Color(0, 0, 0, 1) },
+    { name: "black / white", fill: new Color(0, 0, 0, 1), outline: new Color(1, 1, 1, 1) },
+    { name: "yellow / red", fill: new Color(1, 0.85, 0.1, 1), outline: new Color(0.85, 0.1, 0.1, 1) }
+  ];
+
+  const cellW = 380;
+  const cellH = 110;
+  const startX = -cellW * (colorCases.length - 1) * 0.5;
+  const startY = 220;
+
+  // Column headers
+  for (let c = 0; c < colorCases.length; c++) {
+    const headerEntity = canvasEntity.createChild(`header-${c}`);
+    const ht = <UITransform>headerEntity.transform;
+    ht.size.set(cellW, 32);
+    ht.setPosition(startX + c * cellW, startY + cellH * 0.5 + 20, 0);
+    const header = headerEntity.addComponent(Text);
+    header.text = `text/outline = ${colorCases[c].name}`;
+    header.fontSize = 18;
+    header.color.set(0.7, 0.78, 0.9, 1);
+  }
+
+  for (let r = 0; r < widthCases.length; r++) {
+    const w = widthCases[r];
+
+    // Row label
+    const labelEntity = canvasEntity.createChild(`row-label-${r}`);
+    const lt = <UITransform>labelEntity.transform;
+    lt.size.set(120, cellH);
+    lt.setPosition(startX - cellW * 0.5 - 60, startY - r * cellH, 0);
+    const label = labelEntity.addComponent(Text);
+    label.text = `width = ${w}px`;
+    label.fontSize = 18;
+    label.color.set(0.7, 0.78, 0.9, 1);
+
+    for (let c = 0; c < colorCases.length; c++) {
+      const { fill, outline } = colorCases[c];
+
+      const cell = canvasEntity.createChild(`cell-${r}-${c}`);
+      const ct = <UITransform>cell.transform;
+      ct.size.set(cellW, cellH);
+      ct.setPosition(startX + c * cellW, startY - r * cellH, 0);
+      const text = cell.addComponent(Text);
+      text.text = "Hello 描边 Outline";
+      text.fontSize = 36;
+      text.color = fill;
+      text.outlineWidth = w;
+      text.outlineColor = outline;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ---------- Live preview controlled by dat.gui ----------
+  const previewEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("preview");
+  const previewTransform = <UITransform>previewEntity.transform;
+  previewTransform.size.set(900, 160);
+  previewTransform.setPosition(0, -300, 0);
+  const preview = previewEntity.addComponent(Text);
+  preview.text = "实时 Live 预览 Preview";
+  preview.fontSize = 72;
+  preview.color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+  preview.outlineWidth = 3;
+  preview.outlineColor = new Color(0, 0, 0, 1);
+
+  const state = {
+    fontSize: preview.fontSize,
+    outlineWidth: preview.outlineWidth,
+    fillColor: [255, 255, 255],
+    outlineColor: [0, 0, 0],
+    text: preview.text
+  };
+
+  const gui = new dat.GUI();
+  gui.add(state, "text").onChange((v: string) => {
+    preview.text = v;
+  });
+  gui.add(state, "fontSize", 12, 120, 1).onChange((v: number) => {
+    preview.fontSize = v;
+  });
+  gui.add(state, "outlineWidth", 0, 8, 0.1).onChange((v: number) => {
+    preview.outlineWidth = v;
+  });
+  gui.addColor(state, "fillColor").onChange((rgb: number[]) => {
+    preview.color.set(rgb[0] / 255, rgb[1] / 255, rgb[2] / 255, 1);
+  });
+  gui.addColor(state, "outlineColor").onChange((rgb: number[]) => {
+    preview.outlineColor.set(rgb[0] / 255, rgb[1] / 255, rgb[2] / 255, 1);
+  });
+
+  engine.run();
+});
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 6be276f782..4e741f9f78 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-root",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "packageManager": "pnpm@9.3.0",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
@@ -41,18 +41,18 @@
     "@types/dom-webcodecs": "^0.1.13",
     "@types/node": "^18.7.16",
     "@types/webxr": "latest",
-    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^6.1.0",
-    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^6.1.0",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.58.1",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.58.1",
     "@vitest/coverage-v8": "2.1.3",
     "bumpp": "^9.5.2",
     "cross-env": "^5.2.0",
     "electron": "^13",
-    "eslint": "^8.44.0",
+    "eslint": "^8.57.1",
     "eslint-config-prettier": "^8.8.0",
     "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^5.0.0",
     "fs-extra": "^10.1.0",
     "husky": "^8.0.0",
-    "lint-staged": "^10.5.3",
+    "lint-staged": "^16.4.0",
     "nyc": "^15.1.0",
     "odiff-bin": "^2.5.0",
     "prettier": "^3.0.0",
@@ -65,9 +65,8 @@
     "vitest": "2.1.3"
   },
   "lint-staged": {
-    "*.{ts}": [
-      "eslint --fix",
-      "git add"
+    "**/*.ts": [
+      "eslint --fix"
     ]
   },
   "repository": "git@github.com:galacean/runtime.git"
diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json
index be735da868..bbd150d689 100644
--- a/packages/core/package.json
+++ b/packages/core/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-core",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/FilledSpriteAssembler.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/FilledSpriteAssembler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5e9797119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/FilledSpriteAssembler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+import { BoundingBox, Matrix, Vector2, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { SubPrimitiveChunk } from "../../RenderPipeline/SubPrimitiveChunk";
+import { StaticInterfaceImplement } from "../../base/StaticInterfaceImplement";
+import { SpriteFilledMode } from "../enums/SpriteFilledMode";
+import { SpriteFilledOrigin } from "../enums/SpriteFilledOrigin";
+import { ISpriteAssembler } from "./ISpriteAssembler";
+import { ISpriteRenderer } from "./ISpriteRenderer";
+
+/**
+ * Assemble vertex data for the sprite renderer in filled mode.
+ */
+@StaticInterfaceImplement<ISpriteAssembler>()
+export class FilledSpriteAssembler {
+  private static _matrix = new Matrix();
+  private static _worldPositions = [
+    new Vector3(),
+    new Vector3(),
+    new Vector3(),
+    new Vector3(),
+    new Vector3(),
+    new Vector3(),
+    new Vector3(),
+    new Vector3(),
+    new Vector3()
+  ];
+  private static _uvs = [
+    new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2()
+  ];
+  private static _inPositions: Vector3[] = [];
+  private static _inUVs: Vector2[] = [];
+  private static _outPositions: Vector3[] = [new Vector3(), new Vector3(), new Vector3(), new Vector3()];
+  private static _outUVs: Vector2[] = [new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2()];
+  private static _vertexOffset = 0;
+  private static _indicesOffset = 0;
+
+  static resetData(renderer: ISpriteRenderer): void {
+    const manager = renderer._getChunkManager();
+    const lastSubChunk = renderer._subChunk;
+    lastSubChunk && manager.freeSubChunk(lastSubChunk);
+    const subChunk = manager.allocateSubChunk(16);
+    subChunk.indices = [];
+    renderer._subChunk = subChunk;
+  }
+
+  static updatePositions(
+    renderer: ISpriteRenderer,
+    worldMatrix: Matrix,
+    width: number,
+    height: number,
+    pivot: Vector2,
+    flipX: boolean,
+    flipY: boolean
+  ): void {
+    const { x: pivotX, y: pivotY } = pivot;
+    const modelMatrix = FilledSpriteAssembler._matrix;
+    const { elements: wE } = modelMatrix;
+    const { elements: pWE } = worldMatrix;
+    const sx = flipX ? -width : width;
+    const sy = flipY ? -height : height;
+    (wE[0] = pWE[0] * sx), (wE[1] = pWE[1] * sx), (wE[2] = pWE[2] * sx);
+    (wE[4] = pWE[4] * sy), (wE[5] = pWE[5] * sy), (wE[6] = pWE[6] * sy);
+    (wE[8] = pWE[8]), (wE[9] = pWE[9]), (wE[10] = pWE[10]);
+    wE[12] = pWE[12] - pivotX * wE[0] - pivotY * wE[4];
+    wE[13] = pWE[13] - pivotX * wE[1] - pivotY * wE[5];
+    wE[14] = pWE[14] - pivotX * wE[2] - pivotY * wE[6];
+
+    switch (renderer.filledMode) {
+      case SpriteFilledMode.Horizontal:
+        this._filledLinear(renderer, modelMatrix, true);
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledMode.Vertical:
+        this._filledLinear(renderer, modelMatrix, false);
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledMode.Radial90:
+        this._filledRadial90(
+          renderer,
+          modelMatrix,
+          renderer.filledOrigin,
+          renderer.filledAmount,
+          renderer.filledClockWise
+        );
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledMode.Radial180:
+        this._filledRadial180(
+          renderer,
+          modelMatrix,
+          renderer.filledOrigin,
+          renderer.filledAmount,
+          renderer.filledClockWise
+        );
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledMode.Radial360:
+        this._filledRadial360(
+          renderer,
+          modelMatrix,
+          renderer.filledOrigin,
+          renderer.filledAmount,
+          renderer.filledClockWise
+        );
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // @ts-ignore
+    BoundingBox.transform(renderer.sprite._getBounds(), modelMatrix, renderer._bounds);
+  }
+
+  static updateUVs(renderer: ISpriteRenderer): void {
+    // UVs are computed in updatePositions.
+  }
+
+  static updateColor(renderer: ISpriteRenderer, alpha: number): void {
+    const subChunk = renderer._subChunk;
+    const { r, g, b, a } = renderer.color;
+    const finalAlpha = a * alpha;
+    const vertices = subChunk.chunk.vertices;
+    const vertexArea = subChunk.vertexArea;
+    for (let i = 0, o = vertexArea.start + 5, n = vertexArea.size / 9; i < n; ++i, o += 9) {
+      vertices[o] = r;
+      vertices[o + 1] = g;
+      vertices[o + 2] = b;
+      vertices[o + 3] = finalAlpha;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static _filledLinear(renderer: ISpriteRenderer, matrix: Matrix, isHorizontal: boolean): void {
+    const amount = renderer.filledAmount;
+    if (amount <= 0.001) {
+      renderer._subChunk.indices.length = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const sprite = renderer.sprite;
+    const [lPosLB, lPosRB, lPosLT, lPosRT] = sprite._getPositions();
+    const spriteUVs = sprite._getUVs();
+    const { x: left, y: bottom } = spriteUVs[0];
+    const { x: right, y: top } = spriteUVs[15];
+
+    const subChunk = renderer._subChunk;
+    const vertices = subChunk.chunk.vertices;
+
+    let x0: number, y0: number, u0: number, v0: number;
+    let x1: number, y1: number, u1: number, v1: number;
+    let x2: number, y2: number, u2: number, v2: number;
+    let x3: number, y3: number, u3: number, v3: number;
+
+    if (isHorizontal) {
+      const originIsStart = renderer.filledOrigin === SpriteFilledOrigin.Left;
+      const startX = originIsStart ? lPosLB.x : lPosRB.x - (lPosRB.x - lPosLB.x) * amount;
+      const endX = originIsStart ? lPosLB.x + (lPosRB.x - lPosLB.x) * amount : lPosRB.x;
+      const startU = originIsStart ? left : right - (right - left) * amount;
+      const endU = originIsStart ? left + (right - left) * amount : right;
+      (x0 = startX), (y0 = lPosLB.y), (u0 = startU), (v0 = bottom);
+      (x1 = endX), (y1 = lPosRB.y), (u1 = endU), (v1 = bottom);
+      (x2 = startX), (y2 = lPosLT.y), (u2 = startU), (v2 = top);
+      (x3 = endX), (y3 = lPosRT.y), (u3 = endU), (v3 = top);
+    } else {
+      const originIsStart = renderer.filledOrigin === SpriteFilledOrigin.Bottom;
+      const startY = originIsStart ? lPosLB.y : lPosLT.y - (lPosLT.y - lPosLB.y) * amount;
+      const endY = originIsStart ? lPosLB.y + (lPosLT.y - lPosLB.y) * amount : lPosLT.y;
+      const startV = originIsStart ? bottom : top - (top - bottom) * amount;
+      const endV = originIsStart ? bottom + (top - bottom) * amount : top;
+      (x0 = lPosLB.x), (y0 = startY), (u0 = left), (v0 = startV);
+      (x1 = lPosRB.x), (y1 = startY), (u1 = right), (v1 = startV);
+      (x2 = lPosLT.x), (y2 = endY), (u2 = left), (v2 = endV);
+      (x3 = lPosRT.x), (y3 = endY), (u3 = right), (v3 = endV);
+    }
+
+    const { elements: wE } = matrix;
+    const start = subChunk.vertexArea.start;
+    // LB
+    vertices[start] = wE[0] * x0 + wE[4] * y0 + wE[12];
+    vertices[start + 1] = wE[1] * x0 + wE[5] * y0 + wE[13];
+    vertices[start + 2] = wE[2] * x0 + wE[6] * y0 + wE[14];
+    vertices[start + 3] = u0;
+    vertices[start + 4] = v0;
+    // RB
+    vertices[start + 9] = wE[0] * x1 + wE[4] * y1 + wE[12];
+    vertices[start + 10] = wE[1] * x1 + wE[5] * y1 + wE[13];
+    vertices[start + 11] = wE[2] * x1 + wE[6] * y1 + wE[14];
+    vertices[start + 12] = u1;
+    vertices[start + 13] = v1;
+    // LT
+    vertices[start + 18] = wE[0] * x2 + wE[4] * y2 + wE[12];
+    vertices[start + 19] = wE[1] * x2 + wE[5] * y2 + wE[13];
+    vertices[start + 20] = wE[2] * x2 + wE[6] * y2 + wE[14];
+    vertices[start + 21] = u2;
+    vertices[start + 22] = v2;
+    // RT
+    vertices[start + 27] = wE[0] * x3 + wE[4] * y3 + wE[12];
+    vertices[start + 28] = wE[1] * x3 + wE[5] * y3 + wE[13];
+    vertices[start + 29] = wE[2] * x3 + wE[6] * y3 + wE[14];
+    vertices[start + 30] = u3;
+    vertices[start + 31] = v3;
+
+    const indices = subChunk.indices;
+    indices[0] = 0;
+    indices[1] = 1;
+    indices[2] = 2;
+    indices[3] = 2;
+    indices[4] = 1;
+    indices[5] = 3;
+    indices.length = 6;
+  }
+
+  private static _filledRadial90(
+    renderer: ISpriteRenderer,
+    matrix: Matrix,
+    origin: SpriteFilledOrigin,
+    amount: number,
+    cw: boolean
+  ): void {
+    if (amount <= 0.001) {
+      renderer._subChunk.indices.length = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const sprite = renderer.sprite;
+    const [lPosLB, lPosRB, lPosLT, lPosRT] = sprite._getPositions();
+    const spriteUVs = sprite._getUVs();
+    const { x: left, y: bottom } = spriteUVs[0];
+    const { x: right, y: top } = spriteUVs[15];
+
+    // Transform 4 corners to world space
+    const [wLB, wRB, wLT, wRT] = this._worldPositions;
+    const [uvLB, uvRB, uvLT, uvRT] = this._uvs;
+    wLB.set(lPosLB.x, lPosLB.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvLB.set(left, bottom);
+    wRB.set(lPosRB.x, lPosRB.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvRB.set(right, bottom);
+    wLT.set(lPosLT.x, lPosLT.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvLT.set(left, top);
+    wRT.set(lPosRT.x, lPosRT.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvRT.set(right, top);
+
+    // Map vertices based on origin corner:
+    // [center, CW-adjacent, CCW-adjacent, opposite]
+    const { _inPositions: inPositions, _inUVs: inUVs, _outPositions: outPositions, _outUVs: outUVs } = this;
+    switch (origin) {
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.BottomLeft:
+        (inPositions[0] = wLB), (inUVs[0] = uvLB);
+        (inPositions[1] = wRB), (inUVs[1] = uvRB);
+        (inPositions[2] = wLT), (inUVs[2] = uvLT);
+        (inPositions[3] = wRT), (inUVs[3] = uvRT);
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.BottomRight:
+        (inPositions[0] = wRB), (inUVs[0] = uvRB);
+        (inPositions[1] = wRT), (inUVs[1] = uvRT);
+        (inPositions[2] = wLB), (inUVs[2] = uvLB);
+        (inPositions[3] = wLT), (inUVs[3] = uvLT);
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.TopRight:
+        (inPositions[0] = wRT), (inUVs[0] = uvRT);
+        (inPositions[1] = wLT), (inUVs[1] = uvLT);
+        (inPositions[2] = wRB), (inUVs[2] = uvRB);
+        (inPositions[3] = wLB), (inUVs[3] = uvLB);
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.TopLeft:
+        (inPositions[0] = wLT), (inUVs[0] = uvLT);
+        (inPositions[1] = wLB), (inUVs[1] = uvLB);
+        (inPositions[2] = wRT), (inUVs[2] = uvRT);
+        (inPositions[3] = wRB), (inUVs[3] = uvRB);
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    const startAngle = cw ? 90 - amount * 90 : 0;
+    const endAngle = cw ? 90 : amount * 90;
+
+    this._vertexOffset = this._indicesOffset = 0;
+    this._radialCut(renderer._subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, startAngle, endAngle, outPositions, outUVs);
+    renderer._subChunk.indices.length = this._indicesOffset;
+  }
+
+  private static _filledRadial180(
+    renderer: ISpriteRenderer,
+    matrix: Matrix,
+    origin: SpriteFilledOrigin,
+    amount: number,
+    cw: boolean
+  ): void {
+    if (amount <= 0.001) {
+      renderer._subChunk.indices.length = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const sprite = renderer.sprite;
+    const [lPosLB, lPosRB, lPosLT, lPosRT] = sprite._getPositions();
+    const spriteUVs = sprite._getUVs();
+    const { x: left, y: bottom } = spriteUVs[0];
+    const { x: right, y: top } = spriteUVs[15];
+
+    // Transform corners and compute edge midpoints
+    const [wLB, wMB, wRB, wLM, , wRM, wLT, wMT, wRT] = this._worldPositions;
+    const [uvLB, uvMB, uvRB, uvLM, , uvRM, uvLT, uvMT, uvRT] = this._uvs;
+    wLB.set(lPosLB.x, lPosLB.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvLB.set(left, bottom);
+    wRB.set(lPosRB.x, lPosRB.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvRB.set(right, bottom);
+    wLT.set(lPosLT.x, lPosLT.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvLT.set(left, top);
+    wRT.set(lPosRT.x, lPosRT.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvRT.set(right, top);
+    Vector3.lerp(wLB, wRB, 0.5, wMB), Vector2.lerp(uvLB, uvRB, 0.5, uvMB);
+    Vector3.lerp(wLB, wLT, 0.5, wLM), Vector2.lerp(uvLB, uvLT, 0.5, uvLM);
+    Vector3.lerp(wLT, wRT, 0.5, wMT), Vector2.lerp(uvLT, uvRT, 0.5, uvMT);
+    Vector3.lerp(wRB, wRT, 0.5, wRM), Vector2.lerp(uvRB, uvRT, 0.5, uvRM);
+
+    const startAngle = cw ? 180 - amount * 180 : 0;
+    const endAngle = cw ? 180 : amount * 180;
+
+    this._vertexOffset = this._indicesOffset = 0;
+    const { _inPositions: inPositions, _inUVs: inUVs, _outPositions: outPositions, _outUVs: outUVs } = this;
+    const { _subChunk: subChunk } = renderer;
+
+    // Center is at the origin edge midpoint; two quadrants cover the full sprite.
+    // Quadrant A (0°-90°), Quadrant B (90°-180°)
+    switch (origin) {
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.Bottom:
+        // Center=MB, A: [MB,RB,MT,RT], B: [MB,MT,LB,LT]
+        (inPositions[0] = wMB), (inUVs[0] = uvMB);
+        (inPositions[1] = wRB), (inUVs[1] = uvRB);
+        (inPositions[2] = wMT), (inUVs[2] = uvMT);
+        (inPositions[3] = wRT), (inUVs[3] = uvRT);
+        this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, startAngle, endAngle, outPositions, outUVs);
+        (inPositions[1] = wMT), (inUVs[1] = uvMT);
+        (inPositions[2] = wLB), (inUVs[2] = uvLB);
+        (inPositions[3] = wLT), (inUVs[3] = uvLT);
+        this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, startAngle - 90, endAngle - 90, outPositions, outUVs);
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.Top:
+        // Center=MT, A: [MT,LT,MB,LB], B: [MT,MB,RT,RB]
+        (inPositions[0] = wMT), (inUVs[0] = uvMT);
+        (inPositions[1] = wLT), (inUVs[1] = uvLT);
+        (inPositions[2] = wMB), (inUVs[2] = uvMB);
+        (inPositions[3] = wLB), (inUVs[3] = uvLB);
+        this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, startAngle, endAngle, outPositions, outUVs);
+        (inPositions[1] = wMB), (inUVs[1] = uvMB);
+        (inPositions[2] = wRT), (inUVs[2] = uvRT);
+        (inPositions[3] = wRB), (inUVs[3] = uvRB);
+        this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, startAngle - 90, endAngle - 90, outPositions, outUVs);
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.Left:
+        // Center=LM, A: [LM,LB,RM,RB], B: [LM,RM,LT,RT]
+        (inPositions[0] = wLM), (inUVs[0] = uvLM);
+        (inPositions[1] = wLB), (inUVs[1] = uvLB);
+        (inPositions[2] = wRM), (inUVs[2] = uvRM);
+        (inPositions[3] = wRB), (inUVs[3] = uvRB);
+        this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, startAngle, endAngle, outPositions, outUVs);
+        (inPositions[1] = wRM), (inUVs[1] = uvRM);
+        (inPositions[2] = wLT), (inUVs[2] = uvLT);
+        (inPositions[3] = wRT), (inUVs[3] = uvRT);
+        this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, startAngle - 90, endAngle - 90, outPositions, outUVs);
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.Right:
+        // Center=RM, A: [RM,RT,LM,LT], B: [RM,LM,RB,LB]
+        (inPositions[0] = wRM), (inUVs[0] = uvRM);
+        (inPositions[1] = wRT), (inUVs[1] = uvRT);
+        (inPositions[2] = wLM), (inUVs[2] = uvLM);
+        (inPositions[3] = wLT), (inUVs[3] = uvLT);
+        this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, startAngle, endAngle, outPositions, outUVs);
+        (inPositions[1] = wLM), (inUVs[1] = uvLM);
+        (inPositions[2] = wRB), (inUVs[2] = uvRB);
+        (inPositions[3] = wLB), (inUVs[3] = uvLB);
+        this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, startAngle - 90, endAngle - 90, outPositions, outUVs);
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    subChunk.indices.length = this._indicesOffset;
+  }
+
+  private static _filledRadial360(
+    renderer: ISpriteRenderer,
+    matrix: Matrix,
+    origin: SpriteFilledOrigin,
+    amount: number,
+    cw: boolean
+  ): void {
+    if (amount <= 0.001) {
+      renderer._subChunk.indices.length = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let startAngle = 0;
+    switch (origin) {
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.Right:
+        startAngle = cw ? 360 - amount * 360 : 0;
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.Top:
+        startAngle = cw ? 450 - amount * 360 : 90;
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.Left:
+        startAngle = cw ? 540 - amount * 360 : 180;
+        break;
+      case SpriteFilledOrigin.Bottom:
+        startAngle = cw ? 630 - amount * 360 : 270;
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    const endAngle = startAngle + amount * 360;
+
+    this._processRadialGrid(renderer, matrix, startAngle, endAngle);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prepare the 3x3 grid and process 4 quadrants for radial fill.
+   */
+  private static _processRadialGrid(
+    renderer: ISpriteRenderer,
+    matrix: Matrix,
+    startAngle: number,
+    endAngle: number
+  ): void {
+    const sprite = renderer.sprite;
+    const [lPosLB, lPosRB, lPosLT, lPosRT] = sprite._getPositions();
+    const spriteUVs = sprite._getUVs();
+    const { x: left, y: bottom } = spriteUVs[0];
+    const { x: right, y: top } = spriteUVs[15];
+
+    // ---------------
+    //   LT  - MT -  RT
+    //   |     |     |
+    //   LM  - C  -  RM
+    //   |     |     |
+    //   LB -  MB -  RB
+    // ---------------
+    const [wPosLB, wPosMB, wPosRB, wPosLM, wPosC, wPosRM, wPosLT, wPosMT, wPosRT] = this._worldPositions;
+    const [uvLB, uvMB, uvRB, uvLM, uvC, uvRM, uvLT, uvMT, uvRT] = this._uvs;
+
+    wPosLB.set(lPosLB.x, lPosLB.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvLB.set(left, bottom);
+    wPosRB.set(lPosRB.x, lPosRB.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvRB.set(right, bottom);
+    wPosLT.set(lPosLT.x, lPosLT.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvLT.set(left, top);
+    wPosRT.set(lPosRT.x, lPosRT.y, 0).transformToVec3(matrix), uvRT.set(right, top);
+    Vector3.lerp(wPosLB, wPosRB, 0.5, wPosMB), Vector2.lerp(uvLB, uvRB, 0.5, uvMB);
+    Vector3.lerp(wPosLB, wPosLT, 0.5, wPosLM), Vector2.lerp(uvLB, uvLT, 0.5, uvLM);
+    Vector3.lerp(wPosLT, wPosRT, 0.5, wPosMT), Vector2.lerp(uvLT, uvRT, 0.5, uvMT);
+    Vector3.lerp(wPosRB, wPosRT, 0.5, wPosRM), Vector2.lerp(uvRB, uvRT, 0.5, uvRM);
+    Vector3.lerp(wPosLB, wPosRT, 0.5, wPosC), Vector2.lerp(uvLB, uvRT, 0.5, uvC);
+
+    this._vertexOffset = this._indicesOffset = 0;
+    const { _inPositions: inPositions, _inUVs: inUVs, _outPositions: outPositions, _outUVs: outUVs } = this;
+    const { _subChunk: subChunk } = renderer;
+    let quadrantStart = 0;
+    let quadrantEnd = 0;
+    (inPositions[0] = wPosC), (inUVs[0] = uvC);
+
+    {
+      // First quadrant (0°-90°)
+      if (startAngle >= 90) {
+        quadrantStart = startAngle - 360;
+        quadrantEnd = endAngle - 360;
+      } else {
+        quadrantStart = startAngle;
+        quadrantEnd = endAngle;
+      }
+      (inPositions[1] = wPosRM), (inUVs[1] = uvRM);
+      (inPositions[2] = wPosMT), (inUVs[2] = uvMT);
+      (inPositions[3] = wPosRT), (inUVs[3] = uvRT);
+      this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, quadrantStart, quadrantEnd, outPositions, outUVs);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Second quadrant (90°-180°)
+      if (startAngle >= 180) {
+        quadrantStart = startAngle - 360 - 90;
+        quadrantEnd = endAngle - 360 - 90;
+      } else {
+        quadrantStart = startAngle - 90;
+        quadrantEnd = endAngle - 90;
+      }
+      (inPositions[1] = wPosMT), (inUVs[1] = uvMT);
+      (inPositions[2] = wPosLM), (inUVs[2] = uvLM);
+      (inPositions[3] = wPosLT), (inUVs[3] = uvLT);
+      this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, quadrantStart, quadrantEnd, outPositions, outUVs);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Third quadrant (180°-270°)
+      if (startAngle >= 270) {
+        quadrantStart = startAngle - 360 - 180;
+        quadrantEnd = endAngle - 360 - 180;
+      } else {
+        quadrantStart = startAngle - 180;
+        quadrantEnd = endAngle - 180;
+      }
+      (inPositions[1] = wPosLM), (inUVs[1] = uvLM);
+      (inPositions[2] = wPosMB), (inUVs[2] = uvMB);
+      (inPositions[3] = wPosLB), (inUVs[3] = uvLB);
+      this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, quadrantStart, quadrantEnd, outPositions, outUVs);
+    }
+
+    {
+      // Fourth quadrant (270°-360°)
+      if (startAngle >= 360) {
+        quadrantStart = startAngle - 360 - 270;
+        quadrantEnd = endAngle - 360 - 270;
+      } else {
+        quadrantStart = startAngle - 270;
+        quadrantEnd = endAngle - 270;
+      }
+      (inPositions[1] = wPosMB), (inUVs[1] = uvMB);
+      (inPositions[2] = wPosRM), (inUVs[2] = uvRM);
+      (inPositions[3] = wPosRB), (inUVs[3] = uvRB);
+      this._radialCut(subChunk, inPositions, inUVs, quadrantStart, quadrantEnd, outPositions, outUVs);
+    }
+
+    subChunk.indices.length = this._indicesOffset;
+  }
+
+  private static _radialCut(
+    subChunk: SubPrimitiveChunk,
+    positions: Vector3[],
+    uvs: Vector2[],
+    start: number,
+    end: number,
+    outPositions: Vector3[],
+    outUVs: Vector2[]
+  ): void {
+    if (start >= 90 || end <= 0) return;
+    outPositions[0].copyFrom(positions[0]);
+    outUVs[0].copyFrom(uvs[0]);
+
+    if (start <= 0) {
+      outPositions[1].copyFrom(positions[1]);
+      outUVs[1].copyFrom(uvs[1]);
+    } else {
+      const startTan = Math.tan((start * Math.PI) / 180);
+      if (startTan < 1) {
+        Vector3.lerp(positions[1], positions[3], startTan, outPositions[1]);
+        Vector2.lerp(uvs[1], uvs[3], startTan, outUVs[1]);
+      } else {
+        Vector3.lerp(positions[2], positions[3], 1 / startTan, outPositions[1]);
+        Vector2.lerp(uvs[2], uvs[3], 1 / startTan, outUVs[1]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (end >= 90) {
+      outPositions[2].copyFrom(positions[2]);
+      outUVs[2].copyFrom(uvs[2]);
+    } else {
+      const endTan = Math.tan((end * Math.PI) / 180);
+      if (endTan < 1) {
+        Vector3.lerp(positions[1], positions[3], endTan, outPositions[2]);
+        Vector2.lerp(uvs[1], uvs[3], endTan, outUVs[2]);
+      } else {
+        Vector3.lerp(positions[2], positions[3], 1 / endTan, outPositions[2]);
+        Vector2.lerp(uvs[2], uvs[3], 1 / endTan, outUVs[2]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (start < 45 && end > 45) {
+      outPositions[3].copyFrom(positions[3]);
+      outUVs[3].copyFrom(uvs[3]);
+      this._addQuad(subChunk, outPositions, outUVs);
+    } else {
+      this._addTriangle(subChunk, outPositions, outUVs);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static _addTriangle(subChunk: SubPrimitiveChunk, positions: Vector3[], uvs: Vector2[]): void {
+    const vertices = subChunk.chunk.vertices;
+    const indices = subChunk.indices;
+    const vertexOffset = this._vertexOffset;
+    const vertexCount = vertexOffset / 9;
+    const start = subChunk.vertexArea.start + vertexOffset;
+    for (let i = 0, o = start; i < 3; ++i, o += 9) {
+      const position = positions[i];
+      const uv = uvs[i];
+      vertices[o] = position.x;
+      vertices[o + 1] = position.y;
+      vertices[o + 2] = position.z;
+      vertices[o + 3] = uv.x;
+      vertices[o + 4] = uv.y;
+    }
+    const indicesOffset = this._indicesOffset;
+    indices[indicesOffset] = vertexCount;
+    indices[indicesOffset + 1] = vertexCount + 1;
+    indices[indicesOffset + 2] = vertexCount + 2;
+    this._vertexOffset += 3 * 9;
+    this._indicesOffset += 3;
+  }
+
+  private static _addQuad(subChunk: SubPrimitiveChunk, positions: Vector3[], uvs: Vector2[]): void {
+    const vertices = subChunk.chunk.vertices;
+    const indices = subChunk.indices;
+    const vertexOffset = this._vertexOffset;
+    const vertexCount = vertexOffset / 9;
+    const start = subChunk.vertexArea.start + vertexOffset;
+    for (let i = 0, o = start; i < 4; ++i, o += 9) {
+      const position = positions[i];
+      const uv = uvs[i];
+      vertices[o] = position.x;
+      vertices[o + 1] = position.y;
+      vertices[o + 2] = position.z;
+      vertices[o + 3] = uv.x;
+      vertices[o + 4] = uv.y;
+    }
+    const indicesOffset = this._indicesOffset;
+    indices[indicesOffset] = vertexCount;
+    indices[indicesOffset + 1] = vertexCount + 1;
+    indices[indicesOffset + 2] = vertexCount + 2;
+    indices[indicesOffset + 3] = vertexCount + 2;
+    indices[indicesOffset + 4] = vertexCount + 1;
+    indices[indicesOffset + 5] = vertexCount + 3;
+    this._vertexOffset += 4 * 9;
+    this._indicesOffset += 6;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/ISpriteRenderer.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/ISpriteRenderer.ts
index a72f4e9436..04b50b3fc9 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/ISpriteRenderer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/ISpriteRenderer.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { Color } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { PrimitiveChunkManager } from "../../RenderPipeline/PrimitiveChunkManager";
 import { SubPrimitiveChunk } from "../../RenderPipeline/SubPrimitiveChunk";
+import { SpriteFilledMode } from "../enums/SpriteFilledMode";
+import { SpriteFilledOrigin } from "../enums/SpriteFilledOrigin";
 import { SpriteTileMode } from "../enums/SpriteTileMode";
 import { Sprite } from "../sprite";
 
@@ -12,6 +14,10 @@ export interface ISpriteRenderer {
   color?: Color;
   tileMode?: SpriteTileMode;
   tiledAdaptiveThreshold?: number;
+  filledMode?: SpriteFilledMode;
+  filledAmount?: number;
+  filledOrigin?: SpriteFilledOrigin;
+  filledClockWise?: boolean;
   _subChunk: SubPrimitiveChunk;
   _getChunkManager(): PrimitiveChunkManager;
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/SimpleSpriteAssembler.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/SimpleSpriteAssembler.ts
index 563f812106..6e0e07c368 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/SimpleSpriteAssembler.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/SimpleSpriteAssembler.ts
@@ -66,20 +66,25 @@ export class SimpleSpriteAssembler {
   }
 
   static updateUVs(renderer: ISpriteRenderer): void {
+    // sprite._uvs 16 个网格点 (column-major, index=column*4+row)，4 corner: [0]=LB / [3]=LT / [12]=RB / [15]=RT
+    // atlasRotated 由 sprite._updateUVs 内部处理，此处直接用结果，无需关心朝向
     const spriteUVs = renderer.sprite._getUVs();
-    const { x: left, y: bottom } = spriteUVs[0];
-    const { x: right, y: top } = spriteUVs[3];
     const subChunk = renderer._subChunk;
     const vertices = subChunk.chunk.vertices;
     const offset = subChunk.vertexArea.start + 3;
-    vertices[offset] = left;
-    vertices[offset + 1] = bottom;
-    vertices[offset + 9] = right;
-    vertices[offset + 10] = bottom;
-    vertices[offset + 18] = left;
-    vertices[offset + 19] = top;
-    vertices[offset + 27] = right;
-    vertices[offset + 28] = top;
+    const uvLB = spriteUVs[0];
+    const uvLT = spriteUVs[3];
+    const uvRB = spriteUVs[12];
+    const uvRT = spriteUVs[15];
+    // SimpleAssembler 的 vertex 顺序：0=LB, 1=RB, 2=LT, 3=RT (按 _rectangleTriangles 的拓扑)
+    vertices[offset] = uvLB.x;
+    vertices[offset + 1] = uvLB.y;
+    vertices[offset + 9] = uvRB.x;
+    vertices[offset + 10] = uvRB.y;
+    vertices[offset + 18] = uvLT.x;
+    vertices[offset + 19] = uvLT.y;
+    vertices[offset + 27] = uvRT.x;
+    vertices[offset + 28] = uvRT.y;
   }
 
   static updateColor(renderer: ISpriteRenderer, alpha: number): void {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/SlicedSpriteAssembler.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/SlicedSpriteAssembler.ts
index 31d19d149c..09abce5be3 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/SlicedSpriteAssembler.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/SlicedSpriteAssembler.ts
@@ -126,14 +126,15 @@ export class SlicedSpriteAssembler {
   }
 
   static updateUVs(renderer: ISpriteRenderer): void {
+    // 16 UV 网格 (column-major: index = i*4+j, i=column, j=row)，与 vertex 索引一一对应
     const subChunk = renderer._subChunk;
     const vertices = subChunk.chunk.vertices;
     const spriteUVs = renderer.sprite._getUVs();
     for (let i = 0, o = subChunk.vertexArea.start + 3; i < 4; i++) {
-      const rowU = spriteUVs[i].x;
       for (let j = 0; j < 4; j++, o += 9) {
-        vertices[o] = rowU;
-        vertices[o + 1] = spriteUVs[j].y;
+        const uv = spriteUVs[i * 4 + j];
+        vertices[o] = uv.x;
+        vertices[o + 1] = uv.y;
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/TiledSpriteAssembler.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/TiledSpriteAssembler.ts
index bc765c45f9..448d0543a4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/TiledSpriteAssembler.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/assembler/TiledSpriteAssembler.ts
@@ -188,7 +188,12 @@ export class TiledSpriteAssembler {
     const spritePositions = sprite._getPositions();
     const { x: left, y: bottom } = spritePositions[0];
     const { x: right, y: top } = spritePositions[3];
-    const [spriteUV0, spriteUV1, spriteUV2, spriteUV3] = sprite._getUVs();
+    // 16 UV column-major: [0]=LB(left,bottom), [5]=border-LB(bLeft,bBottom), [10]=border-RT(bRight,bTop), [15]=RT(right,top)
+    const allUVs = sprite._getUVs();
+    const spriteUV0 = allUVs[0];
+    const spriteUV1 = allUVs[5];
+    const spriteUV2 = allUVs[10];
+    const spriteUV3 = allUVs[15];
     const expectWidth = sprite.width * referenceResolutionPerUnit;
     const expectHeight = sprite.height * referenceResolutionPerUnit;
     const fixedL = expectWidth * border.x;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/atlas/FontAtlas.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/atlas/FontAtlas.ts
index 36170f2f49..102c9620cc 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/atlas/FontAtlas.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/atlas/FontAtlas.ts
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ export class FontAtlas extends ReferResource {
   texture: Texture2D;
 
   _charInfoMap: Record<number, CharInfo> = {};
-  private _space: number = 1;
-  private _curX: number = 1;
-  private _curY: number = 1;
-  private _nextY: number = 1;
+  private _space: number = 4;
+  private _curX: number = 4;
+  private _curY: number = 4;
+  private _nextY: number = 4;
 
   constructor(engine: Engine) {
     super(engine);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/atlas/SpriteAtlas.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/atlas/SpriteAtlas.ts
index 44adadbfdd..93828efe2e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/atlas/SpriteAtlas.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/atlas/SpriteAtlas.ts
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export class SpriteAtlas extends ReferResource {
         sprite.name === name && outSprites.push(sprite);
       }
     } else {
-      console.warn("The name of the sprite you want to find is not exit in SpriteAtlas.");
+      console.warn("There is no sprite named " + name + " in the atlas.");
     }
     return outSprites;
   }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/enums/SpriteDrawMode.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/enums/SpriteDrawMode.ts
index 46bcfd3783..6f35d8c1ef 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/enums/SpriteDrawMode.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/enums/SpriteDrawMode.ts
@@ -7,5 +7,7 @@ export enum SpriteDrawMode {
   /** When modifying the size of the renderer, it scales to fill the range according to the sprite border settings. */
   Sliced,
   /** When modifying the size of the renderer, it will tile to fill the range according to the sprite border settings. */
-  Tiled
+  Tiled,
+  /** Fill the sprite partially, controlled by fill amount, mode and origin. */
+  Filled
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/enums/SpriteFilledMode.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/enums/SpriteFilledMode.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a01cda9e53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/enums/SpriteFilledMode.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * Sprite's filled mode enumeration.
+ */
+export enum SpriteFilledMode {
+  /** Fill horizontally. */
+  Horizontal,
+  /** Fill vertically. */
+  Vertical,
+  /** Fill radially over 90 degrees. */
+  Radial90,
+  /** Fill radially over 180 degrees. */
+  Radial180,
+  /** Fill radially over 360 degrees. */
+  Radial360
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/enums/SpriteFilledOrigin.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/enums/SpriteFilledOrigin.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9b3193970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/enums/SpriteFilledOrigin.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/**
+ * Sprite's filled origin enumeration.
+ */
+export enum SpriteFilledOrigin {
+  /** Origin at the right. */
+  Right,
+  /** Origin at the top-right. */
+  TopRight,
+  /** Origin at the top. */
+  Top,
+  /** Origin at the top-left. */
+  TopLeft,
+  /** Origin at the left. */
+  Left,
+  /** Origin at the bottom-left. */
+  BottomLeft,
+  /** Origin at the bottom. */
+  Bottom,
+  /** Origin at the bottom-right. */
+  BottomRight
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/index.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/index.ts
index 47be64ccfc..5481f42b28 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/index.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 export type { ISpriteAssembler } from "./assembler/ISpriteAssembler";
 export type { ISpriteRenderer } from "./assembler/ISpriteRenderer";
+export { FilledSpriteAssembler } from "./assembler/FilledSpriteAssembler";
 export { SimpleSpriteAssembler } from "./assembler/SimpleSpriteAssembler";
 export { SlicedSpriteAssembler } from "./assembler/SlicedSpriteAssembler";
 export { TiledSpriteAssembler } from "./assembler/TiledSpriteAssembler";
 export { SpriteAtlas } from "./atlas/SpriteAtlas";
 export { FontStyle } from "./enums/FontStyle";
 export { SpriteDrawMode } from "./enums/SpriteDrawMode";
+export { SpriteFilledMode } from "./enums/SpriteFilledMode";
+export { SpriteFilledOrigin } from "./enums/SpriteFilledOrigin";
 export { SpriteMaskInteraction } from "./enums/SpriteMaskInteraction";
 export { SpriteModifyFlags } from "./enums/SpriteModifyFlags";
 export { SpriteTileMode } from "./enums/SpriteTileMode";
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/MaskRenderable.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/MaskRenderable.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..441492ba85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/MaskRenderable.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+import { BoundingBox, Vector2, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { RenderElement } from "../../RenderPipeline/RenderElement";
+import { VertexMergeBatcher } from "../../RenderPipeline/VertexMergeBatcher";
+import { Renderer, RendererUpdateFlags } from "../../Renderer";
+import { assignmentClone, ignoreClone } from "../../clone/CloneManager";
+import { SpriteMaskLayer } from "../../enums/SpriteMaskLayer";
+import { ShaderProperty } from "../../shader/ShaderProperty";
+import type { ISpriteRenderer } from "../assembler/ISpriteRenderer";
+import { SimpleSpriteAssembler } from "../assembler/SimpleSpriteAssembler";
+import { SpriteModifyFlags } from "../enums/SpriteModifyFlags";
+import { Sprite } from "./Sprite";
+import { SpriteMaskUtils } from "./SpriteMaskUtils";
+
+/**
+ * Public contract of the MaskRenderable mixin, used for declaration file generation.
+ */
+export interface IMaskRenderable {
+  influenceLayers: SpriteMaskLayer;
+  flipX: boolean;
+  flipY: boolean;
+  sprite: Sprite;
+  alphaCutoff: number;
+  _renderElement: RenderElement;
+  _maskIndex: number;
+  _containsWorldPoint(worldPoint: Vector3): boolean;
+  _initMask(): void;
+  _cloneMaskData(target: IMaskRenderable): void;
+  _destroyMaskResources(): void;
+  _updateMaskBounds(worldBounds: BoundingBox): void;
+  _renderMask(distanceForSort: number): void;
+  _onSpriteChange(type: SpriteModifyFlags): void;
+  _onSpriteChangeExtra(type: SpriteModifyFlags): void;
+  _getSpriteWidth(): number;
+  _getSpriteHeight(): number;
+  _getSpritePivot(): Vector2;
+}
+
+type RendererConstructor = abstract new (...args: any[]) => Renderer;
+
+/**
+ * Mixin that provides shared mask rendering logic for both 2D SpriteMask and UI Mask.
+ */
+export function MaskRenderable<T extends RendererConstructor>(
+  Base: T
+): (abstract new (...args: any[]) => IMaskRenderable) & T {
+  abstract class MaskRenderableBase extends Base implements IMaskRenderable {
+    private static _maskTextureProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_MaskTexture");
+    private static _alphaCutoffProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_MaskAlphaCutoff");
+
+    @assignmentClone
+    private _influenceLayers: SpriteMaskLayer = SpriteMaskLayer.Everything;
+    /** @internal */
+    @ignoreClone
+    _renderElement: RenderElement;
+    /** @internal */
+    @ignoreClone
+    _maskIndex: number = -1;
+    @ignoreClone
+    private _sprite: Sprite = null;
+    @assignmentClone
+    private _flipX: boolean = false;
+    @assignmentClone
+    private _flipY: boolean = false;
+    @assignmentClone
+    private _alphaCutoff: number = 0.5;
+
+    /**
+     * The mask layers the sprite mask influence to.
+     */
+    get influenceLayers(): SpriteMaskLayer {
+      return this._influenceLayers;
+    }
+
+    set influenceLayers(value: SpriteMaskLayer) {
+      if (this._influenceLayers !== value) {
+        this._influenceLayers = value;
+        // @ts-ignore
+        if (this._phasedActiveInScene) {
+          // @ts-ignore
+          this.scene._maskManager.onMaskInfluenceLayersChange();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flips the sprite on the X axis.
+     */
+    get flipX(): boolean {
+      return this._flipX;
+    }
+
+    set flipX(value: boolean) {
+      if (this._flipX !== value) {
+        this._flipX = value;
+        // @ts-ignore
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= RendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolume;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flips the sprite on the Y axis.
+     */
+    get flipY(): boolean {
+      return this._flipY;
+    }
+
+    set flipY(value: boolean) {
+      if (this._flipY !== value) {
+        this._flipY = value;
+        // @ts-ignore
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= RendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolume;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The Sprite to render.
+     */
+    get sprite(): Sprite {
+      return this._sprite;
+    }
+
+    set sprite(value: Sprite | null) {
+      const lastSprite = this._sprite;
+      if (lastSprite !== value) {
+        if (lastSprite) {
+          // @ts-ignore
+          this._addResourceReferCount(lastSprite, -1);
+          lastSprite._updateFlagManager.removeListener(this._onSpriteChange);
+        }
+        // @ts-ignore
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= MaskDirtyFlags.All;
+        if (value) {
+          // @ts-ignore
+          this._addResourceReferCount(value, 1);
+          value._updateFlagManager.addListener(this._onSpriteChange);
+          // @ts-ignore
+          this.shaderData.setTexture(MaskRenderableBase._maskTextureProperty, value.texture);
+        } else {
+          // @ts-ignore
+          this.shaderData.setTexture(MaskRenderableBase._maskTextureProperty, null);
+        }
+        this._sprite = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The minimum alpha value used by the mask to select the area of influence defined over the mask's sprite. Value between 0 and 1.
+     */
+    get alphaCutoff(): number {
+      return this._alphaCutoff;
+    }
+
+    set alphaCutoff(value: number) {
+      if (this._alphaCutoff !== value) {
+        this._alphaCutoff = value;
+        // @ts-ignore
+        this.shaderData.setFloat(MaskRenderableBase._alphaCutoffProperty, value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    // @ts-ignore
+    override _canBatch(preElement: RenderElement, curElement: RenderElement): boolean {
+      return VertexMergeBatcher.canBatchSpriteMask(preElement, curElement);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    // @ts-ignore
+    override _batch(preElement: RenderElement | null, curElement: RenderElement): void {
+      VertexMergeBatcher.batch(preElement, curElement);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    // @ts-ignore
+    override _onEnableInScene(): void {
+      // @ts-ignore
+      super._onEnableInScene();
+      // @ts-ignore
+      this.scene._maskManager.addSpriteMask(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    // @ts-ignore
+    override _onDisableInScene(): void {
+      // @ts-ignore
+      super._onDisableInScene();
+      // @ts-ignore
+      this.scene._maskManager.removeSpriteMask(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    _containsWorldPoint(worldPoint: Vector3): boolean {
+      return SpriteMaskUtils.containsWorldPoint(
+        worldPoint,
+        this._sprite,
+        // @ts-ignore
+        this._transformEntity.transform.worldMatrix,
+        this._getSpriteWidth(),
+        this._getSpriteHeight(),
+        this._getSpritePivot(),
+        this._flipX,
+        this._flipY,
+        this._alphaCutoff
+      );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     * Initialize shared mask resources. Must be called from subclass constructor.
+     */
+    _initMask(): void {
+      SimpleSpriteAssembler.resetData(this as unknown as ISpriteRenderer);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      this.setMaterial(this._engine._basicResources.spriteMaskDefaultMaterial);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      this.shaderData.setFloat(MaskRenderableBase._alphaCutoffProperty, this._alphaCutoff);
+      this._renderElement = new RenderElement();
+      this._onSpriteChange = this._onSpriteChange.bind(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     * Clone mask data to target. Called from subclass _cloneTo.
+     */
+    _cloneMaskData(target: MaskRenderableBase): void {
+      target.sprite = this._sprite;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     * Release mask sprite resources. Called from subclass _onDestroy.
+     */
+    _destroyMaskResources(): void {
+      const sprite = this._sprite;
+      if (sprite) {
+        // @ts-ignore
+        this._addResourceReferCount(sprite, -1);
+        sprite._updateFlagManager.removeListener(this._onSpriteChange);
+      }
+      this._sprite = null;
+      this._renderElement = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     * Update bounds using SimpleSpriteAssembler directly.
+     */
+    _updateMaskBounds(worldBounds: BoundingBox): void {
+      const sprite = this._sprite;
+      if (sprite) {
+        SimpleSpriteAssembler.updatePositions(
+          this as unknown as ISpriteRenderer,
+          // @ts-ignore
+          this._transformEntity.transform.worldMatrix,
+          this._getSpriteWidth(),
+          this._getSpriteHeight(),
+          this._getSpritePivot(),
+          this._flipX,
+          this._flipY
+        );
+      } else {
+        // @ts-ignore
+        const { worldPosition } = this._transformEntity.transform;
+        worldBounds.min.copyFrom(worldPosition);
+        worldBounds.max.copyFrom(worldPosition);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     * Shared render logic for mask geometry.
+     */
+    _renderMask(distanceForSort: number): void {
+      const { _sprite: sprite } = this;
+      const width = this._getSpriteWidth();
+      const height = this._getSpriteHeight();
+      if (!sprite?.texture || !width || !height) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // @ts-ignore
+      let material = this.getMaterial();
+      if (!material) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (material.destroyed) {
+        // @ts-ignore
+        material = this._engine._basicResources.spriteMaskDefaultMaterial;
+      }
+
+      // Update position
+      // @ts-ignore
+      if (this._dirtyUpdateFlag & RendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolume) {
+        SimpleSpriteAssembler.updatePositions(
+          this as unknown as ISpriteRenderer,
+          // @ts-ignore
+          this._transformEntity.transform.worldMatrix,
+          width,
+          height,
+          this._getSpritePivot(),
+          this._flipX,
+          this._flipY
+        );
+        // @ts-ignore
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag &= ~RendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolume;
+      }
+
+      // Update uv
+      // @ts-ignore
+      if (this._dirtyUpdateFlag & MaskDirtyFlags.UV) {
+        SimpleSpriteAssembler.updateUVs(this as unknown as ISpriteRenderer);
+        // @ts-ignore
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag &= ~MaskDirtyFlags.UV;
+      }
+
+      const renderElement = this._renderElement;
+      const subChunk = (this as any)._subChunk;
+      // @ts-ignore
+      renderElement.set(this, material, subChunk.chunk.primitive, subChunk.subMesh, sprite.texture, subChunk);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      renderElement.priority = this.priority;
+      renderElement.distanceForSort = distanceForSort;
+      renderElement.subShader = material.shader.subShaders[0];
+    }
+
+    /** @internal */
+    @ignoreClone
+    _onSpriteChange(type: SpriteModifyFlags): void {
+      switch (type) {
+        case SpriteModifyFlags.texture:
+          // @ts-ignore
+          this.shaderData.setTexture(MaskRenderableBase._maskTextureProperty, this.sprite.texture);
+          break;
+        case SpriteModifyFlags.region:
+        case SpriteModifyFlags.atlasRegionOffset:
+          // @ts-ignore
+          this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= MaskDirtyFlags.WorldVolumeAndUV;
+          break;
+        case SpriteModifyFlags.atlasRegion:
+          // @ts-ignore
+          this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= MaskDirtyFlags.UV;
+          break;
+        case SpriteModifyFlags.destroy:
+          this.sprite = null;
+          break;
+        default:
+          this._onSpriteChangeExtra(type);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     * Hook for subclass-specific sprite change handling.
+     * SpriteMask overrides this to handle size/pivot changes.
+     */
+    _onSpriteChangeExtra(type: SpriteModifyFlags): void {}
+
+    /** @internal */
+    _getSpriteWidth(): number {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    /** @internal */
+    _getSpriteHeight(): number {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    /** @internal */
+    _getSpritePivot(): Vector2 {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return MaskRenderableBase as unknown as (abstract new (...args: any[]) => IMaskRenderable) & T;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @remarks Extends `RendererUpdateFlags`.
+ */
+export enum MaskDirtyFlags {
+  /** UV. */
+  UV = 0x2,
+  /** Automatic Size. */
+  AutomaticSize = 0x8,
+  /** WorldVolume and UV. */
+  WorldVolumeAndUV = 0x3,
+  /** All. */
+  All = 0xb
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/Sprite.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/Sprite.ts
index 5232001c9a..b7f01f342e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/Sprite.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/Sprite.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,16 @@ export class Sprite extends ReferResource {
   private _customHeight: number = undefined;
 
   private _positions: Vector2[] = [new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2()];
-  private _uvs: Vector2[] = [new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2()];
+  // 16 UV 顶点构成 4×4 网格（含 9-slice 内边界）。column-major：index = i*4 + j，i=column(0=left..3=right)，j=row(0=bottom..3=top)。
+  // 与 SlicedAssembler/TiledAssembler 的 vertex 索引图一致：[0]=LB, [3]=LT, [12]=RB, [15]=RT。
+  // SimpleAssembler 取 [0]/[3]/[12]/[15] 4 个 corner；Sliced/Tiled 用全 16。
+  // prettier-ignore
+  private _uvs: Vector2[] = [
+    new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(),
+    new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(), new Vector2(),
+  ];
   private _bounds: BoundingBox = new BoundingBox();
 
   private _texture: Texture2D = null;
@@ -287,16 +296,18 @@ export class Sprite extends ReferResource {
 
   private _calDefaultSize(): void {
     if (this._texture) {
-      const { _texture, _atlasRegion, _atlasRegionOffset, _region } = this;
-      const pixelsPerUnitReciprocal = 1.0 / Engine._pixelsPerUnit;
+      const { _texture, _atlasRegion, _atlasRegionOffset, _region, _atlasRotated } = this;
+      const ppuReciprocal = 1.0 / Engine._pixelsPerUnit;
+      // 先算 atlas 中绝对像素（texture 不一定是方形，必须各自乘对应维度）
+      const atlasPxW = _texture.width * _atlasRegion.width;
+      const atlasPxH = _texture.height * _atlasRegion.height;
+      // atlas 顺时针 pack 90°：原图 W×H 在 atlas 中占 H×W 区域，仅交换 atlasPx 的 W/H
+      const originWidth = _atlasRotated ? atlasPxH : atlasPxW;
+      const originHeight = _atlasRotated ? atlasPxW : atlasPxH;
       this._automaticWidth =
-        ((_texture.width * _atlasRegion.width) / (1 - _atlasRegionOffset.x - _atlasRegionOffset.z)) *
-        _region.width *
-        pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
+        (originWidth / (1 - _atlasRegionOffset.x - _atlasRegionOffset.z)) * _region.width * ppuReciprocal;
       this._automaticHeight =
-        ((_texture.height * _atlasRegion.height) / (1 - _atlasRegionOffset.y - _atlasRegionOffset.w)) *
-        _region.height *
-        pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
+        (originHeight / (1 - _atlasRegionOffset.y - _atlasRegionOffset.w)) * _region.height * ppuReciprocal;
     } else {
       this._automaticWidth = this._automaticHeight = 0;
     }
@@ -332,34 +343,52 @@ export class Sprite extends ReferResource {
   }
 
   private _updateUVs(): void {
-    const { _uvs: uv, _atlasRegionOffset: atlasRegionOffset } = this;
-    const { x: regionX, y: regionY, width: regionW, height: regionH } = this._region;
-    const regionRight = 1 - regionX - regionW;
-    const regionBottom = 1 - regionY - regionH;
+    const { _uvs: uvs, _atlasRotated: atlasRotated, _border: border } = this;
+    const { x: regionLeft, y: regionTop, width: regionW, height: regionH } = this._region;
+    const regionRight = 1 - regionLeft - regionW;
+    const regionBottom = 1 - regionTop - regionH;
     const { x: atlasRegionX, y: atlasRegionY, width: atlasRegionW, height: atlasRegionH } = this._atlasRegion;
-    const { x: offsetLeft, y: offsetTop, z: offsetRight, w: offsetBottom } = atlasRegionOffset;
+    const { x: offsetLeft, y: offsetTop, z: offsetRight, w: offsetBottom } = this._atlasRegionOffset;
     const realWidth = atlasRegionW / (1 - offsetLeft - offsetRight);
     const realHeight = atlasRegionH / (1 - offsetTop - offsetBottom);
-    // Coordinates of the four boundaries.
-    const left = Math.max(regionX - offsetLeft, 0) * realWidth + atlasRegionX;
-    const top = Math.max(regionBottom - offsetTop, 0) * realHeight + atlasRegionY;
-    const right = atlasRegionW + atlasRegionX - Math.max(regionRight - offsetRight, 0) * realWidth;
-    const bottom = atlasRegionH + atlasRegionY - Math.max(regionY - offsetBottom, 0) * realHeight;
-    const { x: borderLeft, y: borderBottom, z: borderRight, w: borderTop } = this._border;
-    // Left-Bottom
-    uv[0].set(left, bottom);
-    // Border ( Left-Bottom )
-    uv[1].set(
-      (regionX - offsetLeft + borderLeft * regionW) * realWidth + atlasRegionX,
-      atlasRegionH + atlasRegionY - (regionY - offsetBottom + borderBottom * regionH) * realHeight
-    );
-    // Border ( Right-Top )
-    uv[2].set(
-      atlasRegionW + atlasRegionX - (regionRight - offsetRight + borderRight * regionW) * realWidth,
-      (regionBottom - offsetTop + borderTop * regionH) * realHeight + atlasRegionY
-    );
-    // Right-Top
-    uv[3].set(right, top);
+    // 4 个外边界 + 4 个 9-slice 内边界
+    let left: number, top: number, right: number, bottom: number;
+    let bLeft: number, bTop: number, bRight: number, bBottom: number;
+    if (atlasRotated) {
+      // 原图 region/offset (left/top/right/bottom) 在 atlas 中映射为 (bottom/left/top/right)
+      left = Math.max(regionBottom - offsetLeft, 0) * realWidth + atlasRegionX;
+      top = Math.max(regionLeft - offsetTop, 0) * realHeight + atlasRegionY;
+      right = atlasRegionW + atlasRegionX - Math.max(regionTop - offsetRight, 0) * realWidth;
+      bottom = atlasRegionH + atlasRegionY - Math.max(regionRight - offsetBottom, 0) * realHeight;
+      bLeft = (regionBottom - offsetLeft + border.y * regionH) * realWidth + atlasRegionX;
+      bTop = (regionLeft - offsetTop + border.x * regionW) * realHeight + atlasRegionY;
+      bRight = atlasRegionW + atlasRegionX - (regionTop - offsetRight + border.w * regionH) * realWidth;
+      bBottom = atlasRegionH + atlasRegionY - (regionRight - offsetBottom + border.z * regionW) * realHeight;
+    } else {
+      left = Math.max(regionLeft - offsetLeft, 0) * realWidth + atlasRegionX;
+      top = Math.max(regionBottom - offsetTop, 0) * realHeight + atlasRegionY;
+      right = atlasRegionW + atlasRegionX - Math.max(regionRight - offsetRight, 0) * realWidth;
+      bottom = atlasRegionH + atlasRegionY - Math.max(regionTop - offsetBottom, 0) * realHeight;
+      bLeft = (regionLeft - offsetLeft + border.x * regionW) * realWidth + atlasRegionX;
+      bTop = (regionBottom - offsetTop + border.w * regionH) * realHeight + atlasRegionY;
+      bRight = atlasRegionW + atlasRegionX - (regionRight - offsetRight + border.z * regionW) * realWidth;
+      bBottom = atlasRegionH + atlasRegionY - (regionTop - offsetBottom + border.y * regionH) * realHeight;
+    }
+
+    // 16 UV 网格填充（column-major：index=i*4+j，i=column[0=left..3=right]，j=row[0=bottom..3=top]）
+    // - 非 rotated：column 决定 atlas X (left/bLeft/bRight/right)，row 决定 atlas Y (bottom/bBottom/bTop/top)
+    // - rotated 90° 顺时针 packed：display column 对应 atlas Y 的反向（顶→底），display row 对应 atlas X
+    if (atlasRotated) {
+      uvs[0].set(left, top), uvs[1].set(bLeft, top), uvs[2].set(bRight, top), uvs[3].set(right, top);
+      uvs[4].set(left, bTop), uvs[5].set(bLeft, bTop), uvs[6].set(bRight, bTop), uvs[7].set(right, bTop);
+      uvs[8].set(left, bBottom), uvs[9].set(bLeft, bBottom), uvs[10].set(bRight, bBottom), uvs[11].set(right, bBottom);
+      uvs[12].set(left, bottom), uvs[13].set(bLeft, bottom), uvs[14].set(bRight, bottom), uvs[15].set(right, bottom);
+    } else {
+      uvs[0].set(left, bottom), uvs[1].set(left, bBottom), uvs[2].set(left, bTop), uvs[3].set(left, top);
+      uvs[4].set(bLeft, bottom), uvs[5].set(bLeft, bBottom), uvs[6].set(bLeft, bTop), uvs[7].set(bLeft, top);
+      uvs[8].set(bRight, bottom), uvs[9].set(bRight, bBottom), uvs[10].set(bRight, bTop), uvs[11].set(bRight, top);
+      uvs[12].set(right, bottom), uvs[13].set(right, bBottom), uvs[14].set(right, bTop), uvs[15].set(right, top);
+    }
     this._dirtyUpdateFlag &= ~SpriteUpdateFlags.uvs;
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteMask.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteMask.ts
index 141f352d35..771faead34 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteMask.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteMask.ts
@@ -1,46 +1,25 @@
 import { BoundingBox } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { Entity } from "../../Entity";
-import { RenderQueueFlags } from "../../RenderPipeline/BasicRenderPipeline";
-import { BatchUtils } from "../../RenderPipeline/BatchUtils";
 import { PrimitiveChunkManager } from "../../RenderPipeline/PrimitiveChunkManager";
 import { RenderContext } from "../../RenderPipeline/RenderContext";
-import { RenderElement } from "../../RenderPipeline/RenderElement";
 import { SubPrimitiveChunk } from "../../RenderPipeline/SubPrimitiveChunk";
-import { SubRenderElement } from "../../RenderPipeline/SubRenderElement";
 import { Renderer, RendererUpdateFlags } from "../../Renderer";
 import { assignmentClone, ignoreClone } from "../../clone/CloneManager";
-import { SpriteMaskLayer } from "../../enums/SpriteMaskLayer";
 import { ShaderProperty } from "../../shader/ShaderProperty";
-import { ISpriteRenderer } from "../assembler/ISpriteRenderer";
-import { SimpleSpriteAssembler } from "../assembler/SimpleSpriteAssembler";
 import { SpriteModifyFlags } from "../enums/SpriteModifyFlags";
-import { Sprite } from "./Sprite";
+import { MaskDirtyFlags, MaskRenderable } from "./MaskRenderable";
 
 /**
  * A component for masking Sprites.
  */
-export class SpriteMask extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
-  /** @internal */
-  static _textureProperty: ShaderProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_MaskTexture");
+export class SpriteMask extends MaskRenderable(Renderer) {
   /** @internal */
   static _alphaCutoffProperty: ShaderProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_MaskAlphaCutoff");
-
-  /** The mask layers the sprite mask influence to. */
-  @assignmentClone
-  influenceLayers: SpriteMaskLayer = SpriteMaskLayer.Everything;
   /** @internal */
-  @ignoreClone
-  _renderElement: RenderElement;
-
+  static _textureProperty: ShaderProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_MaskTexture");
   /** @internal */
   @ignoreClone
   _subChunk: SubPrimitiveChunk;
-  /** @internal */
-  @ignoreClone
-  _maskIndex: number = -1;
-
-  @ignoreClone
-  private _sprite: Sprite = null;
 
   @ignoreClone
   private _automaticWidth: number = 0;
@@ -50,13 +29,6 @@ export class SpriteMask extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
   private _customWidth: number = undefined;
   @assignmentClone
   private _customHeight: number = undefined;
-  @assignmentClone
-  private _flipX: boolean = false;
-  @assignmentClone
-  private _flipY: boolean = false;
-
-  @assignmentClone
-  private _alphaCutoff: number = 0.5;
 
   /**
    * Render width (in world coordinates).
@@ -69,7 +41,7 @@ export class SpriteMask extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
     if (this._customWidth !== undefined) {
       return this._customWidth;
     } else {
-      this._dirtyUpdateFlag & SpriteMaskUpdateFlags.AutomaticSize && this._calDefaultSize();
+      this._dirtyUpdateFlag & MaskDirtyFlags.AutomaticSize && this._calDefaultSize();
       return this._automaticWidth;
     }
   }
@@ -92,7 +64,7 @@ export class SpriteMask extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
     if (this._customHeight !== undefined) {
       return this._customHeight;
     } else {
-      this._dirtyUpdateFlag & SpriteMaskUpdateFlags.AutomaticSize && this._calDefaultSize();
+      this._dirtyUpdateFlag & MaskDirtyFlags.AutomaticSize && this._calDefaultSize();
       return this._automaticHeight;
     }
   }
@@ -104,93 +76,20 @@ export class SpriteMask extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Flips the sprite on the X axis.
-   */
-  get flipX(): boolean {
-    return this._flipX;
-  }
-
-  set flipX(value: boolean) {
-    if (this._flipX !== value) {
-      this._flipX = value;
-      this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= RendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolume;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Flips the sprite on the Y axis.
-   */
-  get flipY(): boolean {
-    return this._flipY;
-  }
-
-  set flipY(value: boolean) {
-    if (this._flipY !== value) {
-      this._flipY = value;
-      this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= RendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolume;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The Sprite to render.
-   */
-  get sprite(): Sprite {
-    return this._sprite;
-  }
-
-  set sprite(value: Sprite | null) {
-    const lastSprite = this._sprite;
-    if (lastSprite !== value) {
-      if (lastSprite) {
-        this._addResourceReferCount(lastSprite, -1);
-        lastSprite._updateFlagManager.removeListener(this._onSpriteChange);
-      }
-      this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= SpriteMaskUpdateFlags.All;
-      if (value) {
-        this._addResourceReferCount(value, 1);
-        value._updateFlagManager.addListener(this._onSpriteChange);
-        this.shaderData.setTexture(SpriteMask._textureProperty, value.texture);
-      } else {
-        this.shaderData.setTexture(SpriteMask._textureProperty, null);
-      }
-      this._sprite = value;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The minimum alpha value used by the mask to select the area of influence defined over the mask's sprite. Value between 0 and 1.
-   */
-  get alphaCutoff(): number {
-    return this._alphaCutoff;
-  }
-
-  set alphaCutoff(value: number) {
-    if (this._alphaCutoff !== value) {
-      this._alphaCutoff = value;
-      this.shaderData.setFloat(SpriteMask._alphaCutoffProperty, value);
-    }
-  }
-
   /**
    * @internal
    */
   constructor(entity: Entity) {
     super(entity);
-    SimpleSpriteAssembler.resetData(this);
-    this.setMaterial(this._engine._basicResources.spriteMaskDefaultMaterial);
-    this.shaderData.setFloat(SpriteMask._alphaCutoffProperty, this._alphaCutoff);
-    this._renderElement = new RenderElement();
-    this._renderElement.addSubRenderElement(new SubRenderElement());
-    this._onSpriteChange = this._onSpriteChange.bind(this);
+    this._initMask();
   }
 
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  override _updateTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean, batched: boolean): void {
+  override _updateTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean): void {
     //@todo: Always update world positions to buffer, should opt
-    super._updateTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP, true);
+    this._updateWorldSpaceTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -198,37 +97,7 @@ export class SpriteMask extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
    */
   override _cloneTo(target: SpriteMask): void {
     super._cloneTo(target);
-    target.sprite = this._sprite;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  override _canBatch(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB: SubRenderElement): boolean {
-    return BatchUtils.canBatchSpriteMask(elementA, elementB);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  override _batch(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB?: SubRenderElement): void {
-    BatchUtils.batchFor2D(elementA, elementB);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  override _onEnableInScene(): void {
-    super._onEnableInScene();
-    this.scene._maskManager.addSpriteMask(this);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  override _onDisableInScene(): void {
-    super._onDisableInScene();
-    this.scene._maskManager.removeSpriteMask(this);
+    this._cloneMaskData(target);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -239,147 +108,64 @@ export class SpriteMask extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
   }
 
   protected override _updateBounds(worldBounds: BoundingBox): void {
-    const sprite = this._sprite;
-    if (sprite) {
-      SimpleSpriteAssembler.updatePositions(
-        this,
-        this._transformEntity.transform.worldMatrix,
-        this.width,
-        this.height,
-        sprite.pivot,
-        this._flipX,
-        this._flipY
-      );
-    } else {
-      const { worldPosition } = this._transformEntity.transform;
-      worldBounds.min.copyFrom(worldPosition);
-      worldBounds.max.copyFrom(worldPosition);
-    }
+    this._updateMaskBounds(worldBounds);
   }
 
   /**
    * @inheritdoc
    */
   protected override _render(context: RenderContext): void {
-    const { _sprite: sprite } = this;
-    if (!sprite?.texture || !this.width || !this.height) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    let material = this.getMaterial();
-    if (!material) {
-      return;
-    }
-    const { _engine: engine } = this;
-    // @todo: This question needs to be raised rather than hidden.
-    if (material.destroyed) {
-      material = engine._basicResources.spriteMaskDefaultMaterial;
-    }
-
-    // Update position
-    if (this._dirtyUpdateFlag & RendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolume) {
-      SimpleSpriteAssembler.updatePositions(
-        this,
-        this._transformEntity.transform.worldMatrix,
-        this.width,
-        this.height,
-        sprite.pivot,
-        this._flipX,
-        this._flipY
-      );
-      this._dirtyUpdateFlag &= ~RendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolume;
-    }
-
-    // Update uv
-    if (this._dirtyUpdateFlag & SpriteMaskUpdateFlags.UV) {
-      SimpleSpriteAssembler.updateUVs(this);
-      this._dirtyUpdateFlag &= ~SpriteMaskUpdateFlags.UV;
-    }
-
-    const renderElement = this._renderElement;
-    const subRenderElement = renderElement.subRenderElements[0];
-    renderElement.set(this.priority, this._distanceForSort);
-
-    const subChunk = this._subChunk;
-    subRenderElement.set(this, material, subChunk.chunk.primitive, subChunk.subMesh, this.sprite.texture, subChunk);
-    subRenderElement.shaderPasses = material.shader.subShaders[0].passes;
-    subRenderElement.renderQueueFlags = RenderQueueFlags.All;
-    renderElement.addSubRenderElement(subRenderElement);
+    this._renderMask(this._distanceForSort);
   }
 
   /**
    * @inheritdoc
    */
   protected override _onDestroy(): void {
-    const sprite = this._sprite;
-    if (sprite) {
-      this._addResourceReferCount(sprite, -1);
-      sprite._updateFlagManager.removeListener(this._onSpriteChange);
-    }
+    this._destroyMaskResources();
 
     super._onDestroy();
 
-    this._sprite = null;
     if (this._subChunk) {
       this._getChunkManager().freeSubChunk(this._subChunk);
       this._subChunk = null;
     }
+  }
 
-    this._renderElement = null;
+  override _getSpriteWidth(): number {
+    return this.width;
   }
 
-  private _calDefaultSize(): void {
-    const sprite = this._sprite;
-    if (sprite) {
-      this._automaticWidth = sprite.width;
-      this._automaticHeight = sprite.height;
-    } else {
-      this._automaticWidth = this._automaticHeight = 0;
-    }
-    this._dirtyUpdateFlag &= ~SpriteMaskUpdateFlags.AutomaticSize;
+  override _getSpriteHeight(): number {
+    return this.height;
   }
 
-  @ignoreClone
-  private _onSpriteChange(type: SpriteModifyFlags): void {
+  override _getSpritePivot() {
+    return this.sprite?.pivot;
+  }
+
+  override _onSpriteChangeExtra(type: SpriteModifyFlags): void {
     switch (type) {
-      case SpriteModifyFlags.texture:
-        this.shaderData.setTexture(SpriteMask._textureProperty, this.sprite.texture);
-        break;
       case SpriteModifyFlags.size:
-        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= SpriteMaskUpdateFlags.AutomaticSize;
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= MaskDirtyFlags.AutomaticSize;
         if (this._customWidth === undefined || this._customHeight === undefined) {
           this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= RendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolume;
         }
         break;
-      case SpriteModifyFlags.region:
-      case SpriteModifyFlags.atlasRegionOffset:
-        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= SpriteMaskUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeAndUV;
-        break;
-      case SpriteModifyFlags.atlasRegion:
-        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= SpriteMaskUpdateFlags.UV;
-        break;
       case SpriteModifyFlags.pivot:
         this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= RendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolume;
         break;
-      case SpriteModifyFlags.destroy:
-        this.sprite = null;
-        break;
-      default:
-        break;
     }
   }
-}
 
-/**
- * @remarks Extends `RendererUpdateFlags`.
- */
-enum SpriteMaskUpdateFlags {
-  /** UV. */
-  UV = 0x2,
-  /** Automatic Size. */
-  AutomaticSize = 0x4,
-  /** WorldVolume and UV. */
-  WorldVolumeAndUV = 0x3,
-  /** All. */
-  All = 0x7
+  private _calDefaultSize(): void {
+    const sprite = this.sprite;
+    if (sprite) {
+      this._automaticWidth = sprite.width;
+      this._automaticHeight = sprite.height;
+    } else {
+      this._automaticWidth = this._automaticHeight = 0;
+    }
+    this._dirtyUpdateFlag &= ~MaskDirtyFlags.AutomaticSize;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteMaskUtils.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteMaskUtils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7033ee800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteMaskUtils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import { Matrix, Vector2, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { Texture2D, TextureFormat } from "../../texture";
+import { Sprite } from "./Sprite";
+
+/**
+ * Internal helpers for sprite mask hit testing.
+ * @internal
+ */
+export class SpriteMaskUtils {
+  private static _tempMat: Matrix = new Matrix();
+  private static _tempVec3: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+  private static _u8Buffer1 = new Uint8Array(1);
+  private static _u8Buffer2 = new Uint8Array(2);
+  private static _u8Buffer4 = new Uint8Array(4);
+  private static _u16Buffer1 = new Uint16Array(1);
+  private static _u16Buffer4 = new Uint16Array(4);
+  private static _f32Buffer4 = new Float32Array(4);
+  private static _u32Buffer4 = new Uint32Array(4);
+
+  static containsWorldPoint(
+    worldPoint: Vector3,
+    sprite: Sprite | null,
+    worldMatrix: Matrix,
+    width: number,
+    height: number,
+    pivot: Vector2,
+    flipX: boolean,
+    flipY: boolean,
+    alphaCutoff: number = 0
+  ): boolean {
+    if (!sprite || !width || !height) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const worldMatrixInv = SpriteMaskUtils._tempMat;
+    Matrix.invert(worldMatrix, worldMatrixInv);
+    const localPosition = SpriteMaskUtils._tempVec3;
+    Vector3.transformCoordinate(worldPoint, worldMatrixInv, localPosition);
+
+    const sx = flipX ? -width : width;
+    const sy = flipY ? -height : height;
+    if (!sx || !sy) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const spriteX = localPosition.x / sx + pivot.x;
+    const spriteY = localPosition.y / sy + pivot.y;
+    const spritePositions = sprite._getPositions();
+    const { x: left, y: bottom } = spritePositions[0];
+    const { x: right, y: top } = spritePositions[3];
+    if (!(spriteX >= left && spriteX <= right && spriteY >= bottom && spriteY <= top)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (alphaCutoff <= 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const texture = sprite.texture;
+    if (!texture) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const spriteUVs = sprite._getUVs();
+    const leftU = spriteUVs[0].x;
+    const bottomV = spriteUVs[0].y;
+    const rightU = spriteUVs[3].x;
+    const topV = spriteUVs[3].y;
+    const positionWidth = right - left;
+    const positionHeight = top - bottom;
+    if (!positionWidth || !positionHeight) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const tx = (spriteX - left) / positionWidth;
+    const ty = (spriteY - bottom) / positionHeight;
+    const u = leftU + (rightU - leftU) * tx;
+    const v = bottomV + (topV - bottomV) * ty;
+    const x = Math.min(Math.max(Math.floor(u * texture.width), 0), texture.width - 1);
+    const y = Math.min(Math.max(Math.floor(v * texture.height), 0), texture.height - 1);
+    return SpriteMaskUtils._sampleTextureAlpha(texture, x, y) >= alphaCutoff;
+  }
+
+  private static _sampleTextureAlpha(texture: Texture2D, x: number, y: number): number {
+    try {
+      switch (texture.format) {
+        case TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8: {
+          const buffer = SpriteMaskUtils._u8Buffer4;
+          texture.getPixelBuffer(x, y, 1, 1, buffer);
+          return buffer[3] / 255;
+        }
+        case TextureFormat.R4G4B4A4: {
+          const buffer = SpriteMaskUtils._u16Buffer1;
+          texture.getPixelBuffer(x, y, 1, 1, buffer);
+          return (buffer[0] & 0xf) / 15;
+        }
+        case TextureFormat.R5G5B5A1: {
+          const buffer = SpriteMaskUtils._u16Buffer1;
+          texture.getPixelBuffer(x, y, 1, 1, buffer);
+          return buffer[0] & 0x1;
+        }
+        case TextureFormat.Alpha8:
+        case TextureFormat.R8: {
+          const buffer = SpriteMaskUtils._u8Buffer1;
+          texture.getPixelBuffer(x, y, 1, 1, buffer);
+          return buffer[0] / 255;
+        }
+        case TextureFormat.LuminanceAlpha:
+        case TextureFormat.R8G8: {
+          const buffer = SpriteMaskUtils._u8Buffer2;
+          texture.getPixelBuffer(x, y, 1, 1, buffer);
+          return buffer[1] / 255;
+        }
+        case TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16: {
+          const buffer = SpriteMaskUtils._u16Buffer4;
+          texture.getPixelBuffer(x, y, 1, 1, buffer);
+          return buffer[3] / 65535;
+        }
+        case TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32: {
+          const buffer = SpriteMaskUtils._f32Buffer4;
+          texture.getPixelBuffer(x, y, 1, 1, buffer);
+          return buffer[3];
+        }
+        case TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32_UInt: {
+          const buffer = SpriteMaskUtils._u32Buffer4;
+          texture.getPixelBuffer(x, y, 1, 1, buffer);
+          return buffer[3] / 4294967295;
+        }
+        default:
+          return 1;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteRenderer.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteRenderer.ts
index c1b183ee7a..06bd3d3c6c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteRenderer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/SpriteRenderer.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 import { BoundingBox, Color, MathUtil } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { Entity } from "../../Entity";
-import { BatchUtils } from "../../RenderPipeline/BatchUtils";
+import { VertexMergeBatcher } from "../../RenderPipeline/VertexMergeBatcher";
 import { PrimitiveChunkManager } from "../../RenderPipeline/PrimitiveChunkManager";
 import { RenderContext } from "../../RenderPipeline/RenderContext";
 import { SubPrimitiveChunk } from "../../RenderPipeline/SubPrimitiveChunk";
-import { SubRenderElement } from "../../RenderPipeline/SubRenderElement";
+import { RenderElement } from "../../RenderPipeline/RenderElement";
 import { Renderer, RendererUpdateFlags } from "../../Renderer";
 import { assignmentClone, deepClone, ignoreClone } from "../../clone/CloneManager";
 import { ShaderProperty } from "../../shader/ShaderProperty";
 import { ISpriteAssembler } from "../assembler/ISpriteAssembler";
 import { ISpriteRenderer } from "../assembler/ISpriteRenderer";
+import { FilledSpriteAssembler } from "../assembler/FilledSpriteAssembler";
 import { SimpleSpriteAssembler } from "../assembler/SimpleSpriteAssembler";
 import { SlicedSpriteAssembler } from "../assembler/SlicedSpriteAssembler";
 import { TiledSpriteAssembler } from "../assembler/TiledSpriteAssembler";
 import { SpriteDrawMode } from "../enums/SpriteDrawMode";
+import { SpriteFilledMode } from "../enums/SpriteFilledMode";
+import { SpriteFilledOrigin } from "../enums/SpriteFilledOrigin";
 import { SpriteMaskInteraction } from "../enums/SpriteMaskInteraction";
 import { SpriteModifyFlags } from "../enums/SpriteModifyFlags";
 import { SpriteTileMode } from "../enums/SpriteTileMode";
@@ -39,6 +42,14 @@ export class SpriteRenderer extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
   private _tileMode: SpriteTileMode = SpriteTileMode.Continuous;
   @assignmentClone
   private _tiledAdaptiveThreshold: number = 0.5;
+  @assignmentClone
+  private _filledMode: SpriteFilledMode = SpriteFilledMode.Radial360;
+  @assignmentClone
+  private _filledAmount: number = 1;
+  @assignmentClone
+  private _filledOrigin: SpriteFilledOrigin = SpriteFilledOrigin.Bottom;
+  @assignmentClone
+  private _filledClockWise: boolean = true;
 
   @deepClone
   private _color: Color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
@@ -78,6 +89,9 @@ export class SpriteRenderer extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
         case SpriteDrawMode.Tiled:
           this._assembler = TiledSpriteAssembler;
           break;
+        case SpriteDrawMode.Filled:
+          this._assembler = FilledSpriteAssembler;
+          break;
         default:
           break;
       }
@@ -119,6 +133,74 @@ export class SpriteRenderer extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * The fill amount of the sprite renderer, range from 0 to 1. (Only works in filled mode.)
+   */
+  get filledAmount(): number {
+    return this._filledAmount;
+  }
+
+  set filledAmount(value: number) {
+    value = MathUtil.clamp(value, 0, 1);
+    if (this._filledAmount !== value) {
+      this._filledAmount = value;
+      if (this._drawMode === SpriteDrawMode.Filled) {
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= SpriteRendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeAndUV;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The fill mode of the sprite renderer. (Only works in filled mode.)
+   */
+  get filledMode(): SpriteFilledMode {
+    return this._filledMode;
+  }
+
+  set filledMode(value: SpriteFilledMode) {
+    if (this._filledMode !== value) {
+      this._filledMode = value;
+      // Reset origin to a valid default for the new mode
+      this._filledOrigin =
+        value === SpriteFilledMode.Radial90 ? SpriteFilledOrigin.BottomLeft : SpriteFilledOrigin.Bottom;
+      if (this._drawMode === SpriteDrawMode.Filled) {
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= SpriteRendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeAndUV;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The fill origin of the sprite renderer. (Only works in filled mode.)
+   */
+  get filledOrigin(): SpriteFilledOrigin {
+    return this._filledOrigin;
+  }
+
+  set filledOrigin(value: SpriteFilledOrigin) {
+    if (this._filledOrigin !== value) {
+      this._filledOrigin = value;
+      if (this._drawMode === SpriteDrawMode.Filled) {
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= SpriteRendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeAndUV;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the fill is clockwise. (Only works in filled radial mode.)
+   */
+  get filledClockWise(): boolean {
+    return this._filledClockWise;
+  }
+
+  set filledClockWise(value: boolean) {
+    if (this._filledClockWise !== value) {
+      this._filledClockWise = value;
+      if (this._drawMode === SpriteDrawMode.Filled) {
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= SpriteRendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeAndUV;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * The Sprite to render.
    */
@@ -278,9 +360,9 @@ export class SpriteRenderer extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  override _updateTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean, batched: boolean): void {
+  override _updateTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean): void {
     //@todo: Always update world positions to buffer, should opt
-    super._updateTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP, true);
+    this._updateWorldSpaceTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -295,15 +377,15 @@ export class SpriteRenderer extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  override _canBatch(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB: SubRenderElement): boolean {
-    return BatchUtils.canBatchSprite(elementA, elementB);
+  override _canBatch(preElement: RenderElement, curElement: RenderElement): boolean {
+    return VertexMergeBatcher.canBatchSprite(preElement, curElement);
   }
 
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  override _batch(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB?: SubRenderElement): void {
-    BatchUtils.batchFor2D(elementA, elementB);
+  override _batch(preElement: RenderElement | null, curElement: RenderElement): void {
+    VertexMergeBatcher.batch(preElement, curElement);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -377,11 +459,10 @@ export class SpriteRenderer extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
     const camera = context.camera;
     const engine = camera.engine;
     const renderElement = engine._renderElementPool.get();
-    renderElement.set(this.priority, this._distanceForSort);
-    const subRenderElement = engine._subRenderElementPool.get();
     const subChunk = this._subChunk;
-    subRenderElement.set(this, material, subChunk.chunk.primitive, subChunk.subMesh, this.sprite.texture, subChunk);
-    renderElement.addSubRenderElement(subRenderElement);
+    renderElement.set(this, material, subChunk.chunk.primitive, subChunk.subMesh, this.sprite.texture, subChunk);
+    renderElement.priority = this.priority;
+    renderElement.distanceForSort = this._distanceForSort;
     camera._renderPipeline.pushRenderElement(context, renderElement);
   }
 
@@ -438,6 +519,9 @@ export class SpriteRenderer extends Renderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
           case SpriteDrawMode.Tiled:
             this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= SpriteRendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeUVAndColor;
             break;
+          case SpriteDrawMode.Filled:
+            this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= SpriteRendererUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeUVAndColor;
+            break;
         }
         break;
       case SpriteModifyFlags.border:
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/index.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/index.ts
index 162d016472..c48fb9261b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/sprite/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+export type { IMaskRenderable } from "./MaskRenderable";
+export { MaskDirtyFlags, MaskRenderable } from "./MaskRenderable";
 export { Sprite } from "./Sprite";
 export { SpriteMask } from "./SpriteMask";
+export { SpriteMaskUtils } from "./SpriteMaskUtils";
 export { SpriteRenderer } from "./SpriteRenderer";
diff --git a/packages/core/src/2d/text/TextRenderer.ts b/packages/core/src/2d/text/TextRenderer.ts
index 143e46a7da..215a762869 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/2d/text/TextRenderer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/2d/text/TextRenderer.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-import { BoundingBox, Color, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { BoundingBox, Color, Vector2, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { Engine } from "../../Engine";
 import { Entity } from "../../Entity";
-import { BatchUtils } from "../../RenderPipeline/BatchUtils";
 import { PrimitiveChunkManager } from "../../RenderPipeline/PrimitiveChunkManager";
 import { RenderContext } from "../../RenderPipeline/RenderContext";
+import { RenderElement } from "../../RenderPipeline/RenderElement";
 import { SubPrimitiveChunk } from "../../RenderPipeline/SubPrimitiveChunk";
-import { SubRenderElement } from "../../RenderPipeline/SubRenderElement";
+import { VertexMergeBatcher } from "../../RenderPipeline/VertexMergeBatcher";
 import { Renderer } from "../../Renderer";
 import { TransformModifyFlags } from "../../Transform";
 import { assignmentClone, deepClone, ignoreClone } from "../../clone/CloneManager";
+import { SpriteMaskLayer } from "../../enums/SpriteMaskLayer";
 import { ShaderData, ShaderProperty } from "../../shader";
 import { ShaderDataGroup } from "../../shader/enums/ShaderDataGroup";
 import { Texture2D } from "../../texture";
@@ -21,15 +22,18 @@ import { Font } from "./Font";
 import { ITextRenderer } from "./ITextRenderer";
 import { SubFont } from "./SubFont";
 import { TextUtils } from "./TextUtils";
-import { SpriteMaskLayer } from "../../enums/SpriteMaskLayer";
 
 /**
  * Renders a text for 2D graphics.
  */
 export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
-  private static _textureProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderElement_TextTexture");
+  private static _tempVec20 = new Vector2();
   private static _tempVec30 = new Vector3();
   private static _tempVec31 = new Vector3();
+  private static _textureProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderElement_TextTexture");
+  private static _textTextureSizeProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderElement_TextTextureSize");
+  private static _outlineColorProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_OutlineColor");
+  private static _outlineWidthProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_OutlineWidth");
   private static _worldPositions = [new Vector3(), new Vector3(), new Vector3(), new Vector3()];
   private static _charRenderInfos: CharRenderInfo[] = [];
 
@@ -69,6 +73,10 @@ export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
   private _enableWrapping = false;
   @assignmentClone
   private _overflowMode = OverflowMode.Overflow;
+  @deepClone
+  private _outlineColor = new Color(0, 0, 0, 1);
+  @ignoreClone
+  private _outlineWidth = 0;
 
   /**
    * Rendering color for the Text.
@@ -255,6 +263,35 @@ export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * The outline width in pixels. 0 means outline is disabled. Clamped to [0, 8].
+   */
+  get outlineWidth(): number {
+    return this._outlineWidth;
+  }
+
+  set outlineWidth(value: number) {
+    value = Math.max(0, Math.min(value, 3));
+    if (this._outlineWidth !== value) {
+      this._outlineWidth = value;
+      this.shaderData.setFloat(TextRenderer._outlineWidthProperty, value);
+      this._setDirtyFlagTrue(DirtyFlag.Position);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The outline color. Only effective when outlineWidth > 0.
+   */
+  get outlineColor(): Color {
+    return this._outlineColor;
+  }
+
+  set outlineColor(value: Color) {
+    if (this._outlineColor !== value) {
+      this._outlineColor.copyFrom(value);
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Interacts with the masks.
    */
@@ -309,8 +346,13 @@ export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
     this._font = engine._textDefaultFont;
     this._addResourceReferCount(this._font, 1);
     this.setMaterial(engine._basicResources.textDefaultMaterial);
+    const shaderData = this.shaderData;
+    shaderData.setFloat(TextRenderer._outlineWidthProperty, this._outlineWidth);
+    shaderData.setColor(TextRenderer._outlineColorProperty, this._outlineColor);
     //@ts-ignore
     this._color._onValueChanged = this._onColorChanged.bind(this);
+    // @ts-ignore
+    this._outlineColor._onValueChanged = this._onOutlineColorChanged.bind(this);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -337,6 +379,7 @@ export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
     super._cloneTo(target);
     target.font = this._font;
     target._subFont = this._subFont;
+    target.outlineWidth = this._outlineWidth;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -373,23 +416,23 @@ export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  override _updateTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean, batched: boolean): void {
+  override _updateTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean): void {
     //@todo: Always update world positions to buffer, should opt
-    super._updateTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP, true);
+    this._updateWorldSpaceTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP);
   }
 
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  override _canBatch(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB: SubRenderElement): boolean {
-    return BatchUtils.canBatchSprite(elementA, elementB);
+  override _canBatch(preElement: RenderElement, curElement: RenderElement): boolean {
+    return VertexMergeBatcher.canBatchText(preElement, curElement);
   }
 
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  override _batch(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB?: SubRenderElement): void {
-    BatchUtils.batchFor2D(elementA, elementB);
+  override _batch(preElement: RenderElement | null, curElement: RenderElement): void {
+    VertexMergeBatcher.batch(preElement, curElement);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -430,20 +473,27 @@ export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
 
     const camera = context.camera;
     const engine = camera.engine;
-    const textSubRenderElementPool = engine._textSubRenderElementPool;
+    const textRenderElementPool = engine._textRenderElementPool;
     const material = this.getMaterial();
-    const renderElement = engine._renderElementPool.get();
-    renderElement.set(this.priority, this._distanceForSort);
+    const priority = this.priority;
+    const distanceForSort = this._distanceForSort;
+    const renderPipeline = camera._renderPipeline;
     const textChunks = this._textChunks;
+    const textTextureSize = TextRenderer._tempVec20;
     for (let i = 0, n = textChunks.length; i < n; ++i) {
       const { subChunk, texture } = textChunks[i];
-      const subRenderElement = textSubRenderElementPool.get();
-      subRenderElement.set(this, material, subChunk.chunk.primitive, subChunk.subMesh, texture, subChunk);
-      subRenderElement.shaderData ||= new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.RenderElement);
-      subRenderElement.shaderData.setTexture(TextRenderer._textureProperty, texture);
-      renderElement.addSubRenderElement(subRenderElement);
+      const renderElement = textRenderElementPool.get();
+      renderElement.set(this, material, subChunk.chunk.primitive, subChunk.subMesh, texture, subChunk);
+      renderElement.shaderData ||= new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.RenderElement);
+      renderElement.shaderData.setTexture(TextRenderer._textureProperty, texture);
+      renderElement.shaderData.setVector2(
+        TextRenderer._textTextureSizeProperty,
+        textTextureSize.set(texture.width, texture.height)
+      );
+      renderElement.priority = priority;
+      renderElement.distanceForSort = distanceForSort;
+      renderPipeline.pushRenderElement(context, renderElement);
     }
-    camera._renderPipeline.pushRenderElement(context, renderElement);
   }
 
   private _resetSubFont(): void {
@@ -604,10 +654,11 @@ export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
               charRenderInfo.texture = charFont._getTextureByIndex(charInfo.index);
               charRenderInfo.uvs = charInfo.uvs;
               const { w, ascent, descent } = charInfo;
-              const left = startX * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
-              const right = (startX + w) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
-              const top = (startY + ascent) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
-              const bottom = (startY - descent) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
+              const ow = this._outlineWidth * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
+              const left = startX * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal - ow;
+              const right = (startX + w) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal + ow;
+              const top = (startY + ascent) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal + ow;
+              const bottom = (startY - descent) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal - ow;
               localPositions.set(left, top, right, bottom);
               i === firstLine && (maxY = Math.max(maxY, top));
               minY = Math.min(minY, bottom);
@@ -698,6 +749,10 @@ export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
     const vertices = subChunk.chunk.vertices;
     const indices = (subChunk.indices = []);
     const charRenderInfos = textChunk.charRenderInfos;
+    const ow = this._outlineWidth;
+    const texture = textChunk.texture;
+    const owU = ow > 0 ? ow / texture.width : 0;
+    const owV = ow > 0 ? ow / texture.height : 0;
     for (let i = 0, ii = 0, io = 0, vo = subChunk.vertexArea.start + 3; i < count; ++i, io += 4) {
       const charRenderInfo = charRenderInfos[i];
       charRenderInfo.indexInChunk = i;
@@ -707,10 +762,13 @@ export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
         indices[ii++] = tempIndices[j] + io;
       }
 
-      // Set uv and color for vertices
+      // Set uv and color for vertices, expand uv outward by outline width
       for (let j = 0; j < 4; ++j, vo += 9) {
         const uv = charRenderInfo.uvs[j];
-        uv.copyToArray(vertices, vo);
+        const su = j === 1 || j === 2 ? 1 : -1;
+        const sv = j >= 2 ? 1 : -1;
+        vertices[vo] = uv.x + owU * su;
+        vertices[vo + 1] = uv.y + owV * sv;
         vertices[vo + 2] = r;
         vertices[vo + 3] = g;
         vertices[vo + 4] = b;
@@ -743,6 +801,11 @@ export class TextRenderer extends Renderer implements ITextRenderer {
   private _onColorChanged(): void {
     this._setDirtyFlagTrue(DirtyFlag.Color);
   }
+
+  @ignoreClone
+  private _onOutlineColorChanged(): void {
+    this.shaderData.setColor(TextRenderer._outlineColorProperty, this._outlineColor);
+  }
 }
 
 class TextChunk {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/Camera.ts b/packages/core/src/Camera.ts
index 53b689dd84..3faf19a2ef 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/Camera.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/Camera.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { Transform } from "./Transform";
 import { UpdateFlagManager } from "./UpdateFlagManager";
 import { VirtualCamera } from "./VirtualCamera";
 import { GLCapabilityType, Logger } from "./base";
-import { deepClone, ignoreClone } from "./clone/CloneManager";
+import { assignmentClone, deepClone, ignoreClone } from "./clone/CloneManager";
 import { AntiAliasing } from "./enums/AntiAliasing";
 import { CameraClearFlags } from "./enums/CameraClearFlags";
 import { CameraModifyFlags } from "./enums/CameraModifyFlags";
@@ -125,8 +125,10 @@ export class Camera extends Component {
   @deepClone
   _virtualCamera: VirtualCamera = new VirtualCamera();
   /** @internal */
+  @assignmentClone
   _replacementShader: Shader = null;
   /** @internal */
+  @assignmentClone
   _replacementSubShaderTag: ShaderTagKey = null;
   /** @internal */
   _replacementFailureStrategy: ReplacementFailureStrategy = null;
@@ -934,7 +936,15 @@ export class Camera extends Component {
   private _getInvViewProjMat(): Matrix {
     if (this._isInvViewProjDirty.flag) {
       this._isInvViewProjDirty.flag = false;
-      Matrix.multiply(this._entity.transform.worldMatrix, this._getInverseProjectionMatrix(), this._invViewProjMat);
+      const matrix = this._invViewProjMat;
+      if (this._isCustomViewMatrix) {
+        Matrix.invert(this.viewMatrix, matrix);
+      } else {
+        // Ignore scale, consistent with viewMatrix getter
+        const transform = this._entity.transform;
+        Matrix.rotationTranslation(transform.worldRotationQuaternion, transform.worldPosition, matrix);
+      }
+      matrix.multiply(this._getInverseProjectionMatrix());
     }
     return this._invViewProjMat;
   }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/ComponentsManager.ts b/packages/core/src/ComponentsManager.ts
index e9b9a1cc0d..7df837a336 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/ComponentsManager.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/ComponentsManager.ts
@@ -36,9 +36,6 @@ export class ComponentsManager {
   // Render
   private _onUpdateRenderers = new DisorderedArray<Renderer>();
 
-  // Delay dispose active/inActive Pool
-  private _componentsContainerPool: Component[][] = [];
-
   addCamera(camera: Camera) {
     camera._cameraIndex = this._activeCameras.length;
     this._activeCameras.add(camera);
@@ -270,15 +267,6 @@ export class ComponentsManager {
     );
   }
 
-  getActiveChangedTempList(): Component[] {
-    return this._componentsContainerPool.length ? this._componentsContainerPool.pop() : [];
-  }
-
-  putActiveChangedTempList(componentContainer: Component[]): void {
-    componentContainer.length = 0;
-    this._componentsContainerPool.push(componentContainer);
-  }
-
   /**
    * @internal
    */
diff --git a/packages/core/src/Engine.ts b/packages/core/src/Engine.ts
index 55b0ea0b4c..ea6b2d3079 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/Engine.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/Engine.ts
@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@ import { EngineSettings } from "./EngineSettings";
 import { Entity } from "./Entity";
 import { BatcherManager } from "./RenderPipeline/BatcherManager";
 import { RenderContext } from "./RenderPipeline/RenderContext";
-import { RenderElement } from "./RenderPipeline/RenderElement";
 import { RenderTargetPool } from "./RenderPipeline/RenderTargetPool";
-import { SubRenderElement } from "./RenderPipeline/SubRenderElement";
+import { RenderElement } from "./RenderPipeline/RenderElement";
 import { Scene } from "./Scene";
 import { SceneManager } from "./SceneManager";
 import { RenderingStatistics } from "./asset/RenderingStatistics";
@@ -33,7 +32,8 @@ import { Shader } from "./shader/Shader";
 import { ShaderMacro } from "./shader/ShaderMacro";
 import { ShaderMacroCollection } from "./shader/ShaderMacroCollection";
 import { ShaderPool } from "./shader/ShaderPool";
-import { ShaderProgramPool } from "./shader/ShaderProgramPool";
+import { ShaderProgramMap } from "./shader/ShaderProgramMap";
+import { ShaderProgram } from "./shader/ShaderProgram";
 import { RenderState } from "./shader/state/RenderState";
 import { Texture2D, TextureFormat } from "./texture";
 import { UIUtils } from "./ui/UIUtils";
@@ -93,9 +93,7 @@ export class Engine extends EventDispatcher {
   /* @internal */
   _renderElementPool = new ClearableObjectPool(RenderElement);
   /* @internal */
-  _subRenderElementPool = new ClearableObjectPool(SubRenderElement);
-  /* @internal */
-  _textSubRenderElementPool = new ClearableObjectPool(SubRenderElement);
+  _textRenderElementPool = new ClearableObjectPool(RenderElement);
   /* @internal */
   _charRenderInfoPool = new ReturnableObjectPool(CharRenderInfo, 50);
 
@@ -112,7 +110,7 @@ export class Engine extends EventDispatcher {
   /* @internal */
   _renderCount: number = 0;
   /* @internal */
-  _shaderProgramPools: ShaderProgramPool[] = [];
+  _shaderProgramMaps: ShaderProgramMap[] = [];
   /** @internal */
   _fontMap: Record<string, Font> = {};
   /** @internal */
@@ -329,9 +327,8 @@ export class Engine extends EventDispatcher {
     const deltaTime = time.deltaTime;
     this._frameInProcess = true;
 
-    this._subRenderElementPool.clear();
-    this._textSubRenderElementPool.clear();
     this._renderElementPool.clear();
+    this._textRenderElementPool.clear();
 
     this.xrManager?._update();
     const { inputManager, _physicsInitialized: physicsInitialized } = this;
@@ -541,18 +538,18 @@ export class Engine extends EventDispatcher {
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  _getShaderProgramPool(index: number, trackPools?: ShaderProgramPool[]): ShaderProgramPool {
-    const shaderProgramPools = this._shaderProgramPools;
-    let pool = shaderProgramPools[index];
-    if (!pool) {
+  _getShaderProgramMap(index: number, trackMaps?: ShaderProgramMap[]): ShaderProgramMap {
+    const shaderProgramMaps = this._shaderProgramMaps;
+    let map = shaderProgramMaps[index];
+    if (!map) {
       const length = index + 1;
-      if (length > shaderProgramPools.length) {
-        shaderProgramPools.length = length;
+      if (length > shaderProgramMaps.length) {
+        shaderProgramMaps.length = length;
       }
-      shaderProgramPools[index] = pool = new ShaderProgramPool(this);
-      trackPools?.push(pool);
+      shaderProgramMaps[index] = map = new ShaderProgramMap(this);
+      trackMaps?.push(map);
     }
-    return pool;
+    return map;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -674,9 +671,9 @@ export class Engine extends EventDispatcher {
   private _onDeviceRestored(): void {
     this._hardwareRenderer.resetState();
     this._lastRenderState = new RenderState();
-    // Clear shader pools
+    // Clear shader program maps
     Shader._clear(this);
-    this._shaderProgramPools.length = 0;
+    this._shaderProgramMaps.length = 0;
 
     const { resourceManager } = this;
     // Restore graphic resources
@@ -697,9 +694,8 @@ export class Engine extends EventDispatcher {
   }
 
   private _gc(): void {
-    this._subRenderElementPool.garbageCollection();
-    this._textSubRenderElementPool.garbageCollection();
     this._renderElementPool.garbageCollection();
+    this._textRenderElementPool.garbageCollection();
     this._renderContext.garbageCollection();
     const scenes = this._sceneManager._scenes.getLoopArray();
     for (let i = 0, n = scenes.length; i < n; i++) {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/Entity.ts b/packages/core/src/Entity.ts
index 08503f5498..5b0c929ac1 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/Entity.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/Entity.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { Script } from "./Script";
 import { Transform } from "./Transform";
 import { UpdateFlagManager } from "./UpdateFlagManager";
 import { ReferResource } from "./asset/ReferResource";
-import { EngineObject } from "./base";
+import { EngineObject, Logger } from "./base";
 import { CloneUtils } from "./clone/CloneUtils";
 import { ComponentCloner } from "./clone/ComponentCloner";
 import { ActiveChangeFlag } from "./enums/ActiveChangeFlag";
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ export class Entity extends EngineObject {
   private _transform: Transform;
   private _templateResource: ReferResource;
   private _parent: Entity = null;
-  private _activeChangedComponents: Component[];
+  private _isActiveChanging: boolean = false;
   private _modifyFlagManager: UpdateFlagManager;
 
   /**
@@ -212,16 +212,14 @@ export class Entity extends EngineObject {
   }
 
   set siblingIndex(value: number) {
-    if (this._siblingIndex === -1) {
-      throw `The entity ${this.name} is not in the hierarchy`;
-    }
-
     if (this._isRoot) {
       this._setSiblingIndex(this._scene._rootEntities, value);
-    } else {
+    } else if (this._parent) {
       const parent = this._parent;
       this._setSiblingIndex(parent._children, value);
       parent._dispatchModify(EntityModifyFlags.Child, parent);
+    } else {
+      Logger.warn(`The entity ${this.name} is not in the hierarchy`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -403,6 +401,11 @@ export class Entity extends EngineObject {
     for (let i = children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
       const child = children[i];
       child._parent = null;
+      child._siblingIndex = -1;
+      // Dispatch `Child` to the old parent before `_processInActive` (which unregisters
+      // UI listeners via `cleanRootCanvas`), so subscribers such as UICanvas can react
+      // to the hierarchy change while still attached.
+      this._dispatchModify(EntityModifyFlags.Child, this);
 
       let activeChangeFlag = ActiveChangeFlag.None;
       child._isActiveInHierarchy && (activeChangeFlag |= ActiveChangeFlag.Hierarchy);
@@ -410,6 +413,8 @@ export class Entity extends EngineObject {
       activeChangeFlag && child._processInActive(activeChangeFlag);
 
       Entity._traverseSetOwnerScene(child, null); // Must after child._processInActive().
+
+      child._setParentChange();
     }
     children.length = 0;
   }
@@ -565,24 +570,24 @@ export class Entity extends EngineObject {
    * @internal
    */
   _processActive(activeChangeFlag: ActiveChangeFlag): void {
-    if (this._activeChangedComponents) {
+    if (this._isActiveChanging) {
       throw "Note: can't set the 'main inActive entity' active in hierarchy, if the operation is in main inActive entity or it's children script's onDisable Event.";
     }
-    this._activeChangedComponents = this._scene._componentsManager.getActiveChangedTempList();
-    this._setActiveInHierarchy(this._activeChangedComponents, activeChangeFlag);
-    this._setActiveComponents(true, activeChangeFlag);
+    this._isActiveChanging = true;
+    this._setActiveInHierarchy(activeChangeFlag);
+    this._isActiveChanging = false;
   }
 
   /**
    * @internal
    */
   _processInActive(activeChangeFlag: ActiveChangeFlag): void {
-    if (this._activeChangedComponents) {
+    if (this._isActiveChanging) {
       throw "Note: can't set the 'main active entity' inActive in hierarchy, if the operation is in main active entity or it's children script's onEnable Event.";
     }
-    this._activeChangedComponents = this._scene._componentsManager.getActiveChangedTempList();
-    this._setInActiveInHierarchy(this._activeChangedComponents, activeChangeFlag);
-    this._setActiveComponents(false, activeChangeFlag);
+    this._isActiveChanging = true;
+    this._setInActiveInHierarchy(activeChangeFlag);
+    this._isActiveChanging = false;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -679,53 +684,46 @@ export class Entity extends EngineObject {
   }
 
   private _getComponentsInChildren<T extends Component>(type: ComponentConstructor<T>, results: T[]): void {
-    for (let i = this._components.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-      const component = this._components[i];
+    const components = this._components;
+    for (let i = 0, n = components.length; i < n; i++) {
+      const component = components[i];
       if (component instanceof type) {
         results.push(component);
       }
     }
-    for (let i = this._children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-      this._children[i]._getComponentsInChildren<T>(type, results);
-    }
-  }
-
-  private _setActiveComponents(isActive: boolean, activeChangeFlag: ActiveChangeFlag): void {
-    const activeChangedComponents = this._activeChangedComponents;
-    for (let i = 0, length = activeChangedComponents.length; i < length; ++i) {
-      activeChangedComponents[i]._setActive(isActive, activeChangeFlag);
+    const children = this._children;
+    for (let i = 0, n = children.length; i < n; i++) {
+      children[i]._getComponentsInChildren<T>(type, results);
     }
-    this._scene._componentsManager.putActiveChangedTempList(activeChangedComponents);
-    this._activeChangedComponents = null;
   }
 
-  private _setActiveInHierarchy(activeChangedComponents: Component[], activeChangeFlag: ActiveChangeFlag): void {
+  private _setActiveInHierarchy(activeChangeFlag: ActiveChangeFlag): void {
     activeChangeFlag & ActiveChangeFlag.Hierarchy && (this._isActiveInHierarchy = true);
     activeChangeFlag & ActiveChangeFlag.Scene && (this._isActiveInScene = true);
     const components = this._components;
     for (let i = 0, n = components.length; i < n; i++) {
       const component = components[i];
-      (component.enabled || !component._awoken) && activeChangedComponents.push(component);
+      (component.enabled || !component._awoken) && component._setActive(true, activeChangeFlag);
     }
     const children = this._children;
-    for (let i = 0, n = children.length; i < n; i++) {
+    for (let i = children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
       const child = children[i];
-      child.isActive && child._setActiveInHierarchy(activeChangedComponents, activeChangeFlag);
+      child.isActive && child._setActiveInHierarchy(activeChangeFlag);
     }
   }
 
-  private _setInActiveInHierarchy(activeChangedComponents: Component[], activeChangeFlag: ActiveChangeFlag): void {
+  private _setInActiveInHierarchy(activeChangeFlag: ActiveChangeFlag): void {
     activeChangeFlag & ActiveChangeFlag.Hierarchy && (this._isActiveInHierarchy = false);
     activeChangeFlag & ActiveChangeFlag.Scene && (this._isActiveInScene = false);
     const components = this._components;
     for (let i = 0, n = components.length; i < n; i++) {
       const component = components[i];
-      component.enabled && activeChangedComponents.push(component);
+      component.enabled && component._setActive(false, activeChangeFlag);
     }
     const children = this._children;
-    for (let i = 0, n = children.length; i < n; i++) {
+    for (let i = children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
       const child = children[i];
-      child.isActive && child._setInActiveInHierarchy(activeChangedComponents, activeChangeFlag);
+      child.isActive && child._setInActiveInHierarchy(activeChangeFlag);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BasicRenderPipeline.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BasicRenderPipeline.ts
index dee2231a0a..28049597dd 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BasicRenderPipeline.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BasicRenderPipeline.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { ScalableAmbientObscurancePass } from "../lighting/ambientOcclusion/Scal
 import { FinalPass } from "../postProcess";
 import { Shader } from "../shader/Shader";
 import { ShaderMacroCollection } from "../shader/ShaderMacroCollection";
-import { ShaderPass } from "../shader/ShaderPass";
+import { SubShader } from "../shader/SubShader";
 import { RenderQueueType } from "../shader/enums/RenderQueueType";
 import { RenderState } from "../shader/state/RenderState";
 import { CascadedShadowCasterPass } from "../shadow/CascadedShadowCasterPass";
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import { OpaqueTexturePass } from "./OpaqueTexturePass";
 import { PipelineUtils } from "./PipelineUtils";
 import { ContextRendererUpdateFlag, RenderContext } from "./RenderContext";
 import { RenderElement } from "./RenderElement";
-import { SubRenderElement } from "./SubRenderElement";
 import { PipelineStage } from "./enums/PipelineStage";
 /**
  * Basic render pipeline.
@@ -132,15 +131,17 @@ export class BasicRenderPipeline {
       this._cascadedShadowCasterPass.onRender(context);
     }
 
-    const batcherManager = engine._batcherManager;
     cullingResults.reset();
 
     // Depth use camera's view and projection matrix
     this._cullingResults.setRenderUpdateFlagTrue(ContextRendererUpdateFlag.viewProjectionMatrix);
     context.applyVirtualCamera(camera._virtualCamera, depthPassEnabled);
-    this._prepareRender(context);
+    this._prepareWorldRender(context);
 
-    cullingResults.sortBatch(batcherManager);
+    const batcherManager = engine._batcherManager;
+    cullingResults.sort();
+    this._prepareUIRender(context);
+    cullingResults.batch(batcherManager);
     batcherManager.uploadBuffer();
 
     if (depthPassEnabled) {
@@ -369,58 +370,53 @@ export class BasicRenderPipeline {
    * @param renderElement - Render element
    */
   pushRenderElement(context: RenderContext, renderElement: RenderElement): void {
-    renderElement.renderQueueFlags = RenderQueueFlags.None;
-    const subRenderElements = renderElement.subRenderElements;
-    for (let i = 0, n = subRenderElements.length; i < n; ++i) {
-      const subRenderElement = subRenderElements[i];
-      const { material } = subRenderElement;
-      const { renderStates } = material;
-      const materialSubShader = material.shader.subShaders[0];
-      const replacementShader = context.replacementShader;
-      if (replacementShader) {
-        const replacementSubShaders = replacementShader.subShaders;
-        const { replacementTag } = context;
-        if (replacementTag) {
-          let replacementSuccess = false;
-          for (let j = 0, m = replacementSubShaders.length; j < m; j++) {
-            const subShader = replacementSubShaders[j];
-            if (subShader.getTagValue(replacementTag) === materialSubShader.getTagValue(replacementTag)) {
-              this.pushRenderElementByType(renderElement, subRenderElement, subShader.passes, renderStates);
-              replacementSuccess = true;
-            }
+    const { material } = renderElement;
+    const { renderStates } = material;
+    const materialSubShader = material.shader.subShaders[0];
+    const replacementShader = context.replacementShader;
+    if (replacementShader) {
+      const replacementSubShaders = replacementShader.subShaders;
+      const { replacementTag } = context;
+      if (replacementTag) {
+        let replacementSuccess = false;
+        for (let j = 0, m = replacementSubShaders.length; j < m; j++) {
+          const subShader = replacementSubShaders[j];
+          if (subShader.getTagValue(replacementTag) === materialSubShader.getTagValue(replacementTag)) {
+            this._pushRenderElementByType(renderElement, subShader, renderStates);
+            replacementSuccess = true;
           }
+        }
 
-          if (
-            !replacementSuccess &&
-            context.replacementFailureStrategy === ReplacementFailureStrategy.KeepOriginalShader
-          ) {
-            this.pushRenderElementByType(renderElement, subRenderElement, materialSubShader.passes, renderStates);
-          }
-        } else {
-          this.pushRenderElementByType(renderElement, subRenderElement, replacementSubShaders[0].passes, renderStates);
+        if (
+          !replacementSuccess &&
+          context.replacementFailureStrategy === ReplacementFailureStrategy.KeepOriginalShader
+        ) {
+          this._pushRenderElementByType(renderElement, materialSubShader, renderStates);
         }
       } else {
-        this.pushRenderElementByType(renderElement, subRenderElement, materialSubShader.passes, renderStates);
+        this._pushRenderElementByType(renderElement, replacementSubShaders[0], renderStates);
       }
+    } else {
+      this._pushRenderElementByType(renderElement, materialSubShader, renderStates);
     }
   }
 
-  private pushRenderElementByType(
+  private _pushRenderElementByType(
     renderElement: RenderElement,
-    subRenderElement: SubRenderElement,
-    shaderPasses: ReadonlyArray<ShaderPass>,
+    subShader: SubShader,
     renderStates: ReadonlyArray<RenderState>
   ): void {
+    const shaderPasses = subShader.passes;
     const cullingResults = this._cullingResults;
+    let pushedQueueFlags = RenderQueueFlags.None;
     for (let i = 0, n = shaderPasses.length; i < n; i++) {
-      // Get render queue type
       let renderQueueType: RenderQueueType;
       const shaderPass = shaderPasses[i];
       const renderState = shaderPass._renderState;
       if (renderState) {
         renderQueueType = renderState._getRenderQueueByShaderData(
           shaderPass._renderStateDataMap,
-          subRenderElement.material.shaderData
+          renderElement.material.shaderData
         );
       } else {
         renderQueueType = renderStates[i].renderQueueType;
@@ -428,10 +424,9 @@ export class BasicRenderPipeline {
 
       const flag = 1 << renderQueueType;
 
-      subRenderElement.shaderPasses = shaderPasses;
-      subRenderElement.renderQueueFlags |= flag;
+      renderElement.subShader = subShader;
 
-      if (renderElement.renderQueueFlags & flag) {
+      if (pushedQueueFlags & flag) {
         continue;
       }
 
@@ -446,7 +441,7 @@ export class BasicRenderPipeline {
           cullingResults.transparentQueue.pushRenderElement(renderElement);
           break;
       }
-      renderElement.renderQueueFlags |= flag;
+      pushedQueueFlags |= flag;
     }
   }
 
@@ -482,10 +477,10 @@ export class BasicRenderPipeline {
     rhi.drawPrimitive(mesh._primitive, mesh.subMesh, program);
   }
 
-  private _prepareRender(context: RenderContext): void {
+  private _prepareWorldRender(context: RenderContext): void {
     const camera = context.camera;
     const { engine, enableFrustumCulling, cullingMask, _frustum: frustum } = camera;
-    const { _renderers: renderers, _canvases: canvases } = camera.scene._componentsManager;
+    const renderers = camera.scene._componentsManager._renderers;
 
     const rendererElements = renderers._elements;
     for (let i = renderers.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
@@ -504,7 +499,12 @@ export class BasicRenderPipeline {
       renderer._prepareRender(context);
       renderer._renderFrameCount = engine.time.frameCount;
     }
+  }
 
+  private _prepareUIRender(context: RenderContext): void {
+    const camera = context.camera;
+    const { cullingMask } = camera;
+    const canvases = camera.scene._componentsManager._canvases;
     const canvasesElements = canvases._elements;
     for (let i = canvases.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
       const canvas = canvasesElements[i];
@@ -516,7 +516,10 @@ export class BasicRenderPipeline {
         continue;
       }
       canvas._prepareRender(context);
-      this.pushRenderElement(context, canvas._renderElement);
+      const canvasElements = canvas._renderElements;
+      for (let j = 0, m = canvasElements.length; j < m; j++) {
+        this.pushRenderElement(context, canvasElements[j]);
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BatchUtils.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BatchUtils.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 387c951f93..0000000000
--- a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BatchUtils.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-import { SpriteMask, SpriteMaskInteraction, SpriteRenderer } from "../2d";
-import { ShaderTagKey } from "../shader";
-import { SubRenderElement } from "./SubRenderElement";
-
-/**
- * @internal
- */
-export class BatchUtils {
-  protected static _disableBatchTag: ShaderTagKey = ShaderTagKey.getByName("spriteDisableBatching");
-
-  static canBatchSprite(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB: SubRenderElement): boolean {
-    if (elementB.shaderPasses[0].getTagValue(BatchUtils._disableBatchTag) === true) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (elementA.subChunk.chunk !== elementB.subChunk.chunk) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    const rendererA = <SpriteRenderer>elementA.component;
-    const rendererB = <SpriteRenderer>elementB.component;
-    const maskInteractionA = rendererA.maskInteraction;
-
-    // Compare mask, texture and material
-    return (
-      maskInteractionA === rendererB.maskInteraction &&
-      (maskInteractionA === SpriteMaskInteraction.None || rendererA.maskLayer === rendererB.maskLayer) &&
-      elementA.texture === elementB.texture &&
-      elementA.material === elementB.material
-    );
-  }
-
-  static canBatchSpriteMask(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB: SubRenderElement): boolean {
-    if (elementA.subChunk.chunk !== elementB.subChunk.chunk) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    const alphaCutoffProperty = SpriteMask._alphaCutoffProperty;
-
-    // Compare renderer property
-    return (
-      elementA.texture === elementB.texture &&
-      (<SpriteMask>elementA.component).shaderData.getFloat(alphaCutoffProperty) ===
-        (<SpriteMask>elementB.component).shaderData.getFloat(alphaCutoffProperty)
-    );
-  }
-
-  static batchFor2D(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB?: SubRenderElement): void {
-    const subChunk = elementB ? elementB.subChunk : elementA.subChunk;
-    const { chunk, indices: subChunkIndices } = subChunk;
-
-    const length = subChunkIndices.length;
-    let startIndex = chunk.updateIndexLength;
-    if (elementB) {
-      elementA.subChunk.subMesh.count += length;
-    } else {
-      // Reset subMesh
-      const subMesh = subChunk.subMesh;
-      subMesh.start = startIndex;
-      subMesh.count = length;
-    }
-
-    const { start, size } = subChunk.vertexArea;
-    const vertexOffset = start / 9;
-    const indices = chunk.indices;
-    for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
-      indices[startIndex++] = vertexOffset + subChunkIndices[i];
-    }
-    chunk.updateIndexLength += length;
-    chunk.updateVertexStart = Math.min(chunk.updateVertexStart, start);
-    chunk.updateVertexEnd = Math.max(chunk.updateVertexEnd, start + size);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BatcherManager.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BatcherManager.ts
index 702a4a01e8..05ec1b7e89 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BatcherManager.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/BatcherManager.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import { Engine } from "../Engine";
 import { Renderer } from "../Renderer";
+import { InstanceBuffer } from "./InstanceBuffer";
 import { PrimitiveChunkManager } from "./PrimitiveChunkManager";
 import { RenderQueue } from "./RenderQueue";
-import { SubRenderElement } from "./SubRenderElement";
+import { RenderElement } from "./RenderElement";
 
 /**
  * @internal
@@ -11,9 +12,14 @@ export class BatcherManager {
   private _primitiveChunkManager2D: PrimitiveChunkManager;
   private _primitiveChunkManagerMask: PrimitiveChunkManager;
   private _primitiveChunkManagerUI: PrimitiveChunkManager;
+  private _instanceBuffer: InstanceBuffer;
 
   constructor(public engine: Engine) {}
 
+  get instanceBuffer(): InstanceBuffer {
+    return (this._instanceBuffer ||= new InstanceBuffer(this.engine));
+  }
+
   get primitiveChunkManager2D(): PrimitiveChunkManager {
     return (this._primitiveChunkManager2D ||= new PrimitiveChunkManager(this.engine));
   }
@@ -39,47 +45,40 @@ export class BatcherManager {
       this._primitiveChunkManagerUI.destroy();
       this._primitiveChunkManagerUI = null;
     }
+    if (this._instanceBuffer) {
+      this._instanceBuffer.destroy();
+      this._instanceBuffer = null;
+    }
   }
 
   batch(renderQueue: RenderQueue): void {
-    const { elements, batchedSubElements, renderQueueType } = renderQueue;
-    let preSubElement: SubRenderElement;
+    const { elements, batchedElements } = renderQueue;
+
+    let preElement: RenderElement;
     let preRenderer: Renderer;
     let preConstructor: Function;
     for (let i = 0, n = elements.length; i < n; ++i) {
-      const subElements = elements[i].subRenderElements;
-      for (let j = 0, m = subElements.length; j < m; ++j) {
-        const subElement = subElements[j];
-
-        // Some sub render elements may not belong to the current render queue
-        if (!(subElement.renderQueueFlags & (1 << renderQueueType))) {
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        const renderer = subElement.component;
-        const constructor = renderer.constructor;
-        if (preSubElement) {
-          if (preConstructor === constructor && preRenderer._canBatch(preSubElement, subElement)) {
-            preRenderer._batch(preSubElement, subElement);
-            preSubElement.batched = true;
-          } else {
-            batchedSubElements.push(preSubElement);
-            preSubElement = subElement;
-            preRenderer = renderer;
-            preConstructor = constructor;
-            renderer._batch(subElement);
-            subElement.batched = false;
-          }
+      const curElement = elements[i];
+      const renderer = curElement.component;
+      const constructor = renderer.constructor;
+      if (preElement) {
+        if (preConstructor === constructor && preRenderer._canBatch(preElement, curElement)) {
+          preRenderer._batch(preElement, curElement);
         } else {
-          preSubElement = subElement;
+          batchedElements.push(preElement);
+          preElement = curElement;
           preRenderer = renderer;
           preConstructor = constructor;
-          renderer._batch(subElement);
-          subElement.batched = false;
+          renderer._batch(null, curElement);
         }
+      } else {
+        preElement = curElement;
+        preRenderer = renderer;
+        preConstructor = constructor;
+        renderer._batch(null, curElement);
       }
     }
-    preSubElement && batchedSubElements.push(preSubElement);
+    preElement && batchedElements.push(preElement);
   }
 
   uploadBuffer() {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/CullingResults.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/CullingResults.ts
index 673e0694d3..6ff5c298a7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/CullingResults.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/CullingResults.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,18 @@ export class CullingResults {
     this.transparentQueue.sortBatch(RenderQueue.compareForTransparent, batcherManager);
   }
 
+  sort() {
+    this.opaqueQueue.sort(RenderQueue.compareForOpaque);
+    this.alphaTestQueue.sort(RenderQueue.compareForOpaque);
+    this.transparentQueue.sort(RenderQueue.compareForTransparent);
+  }
+
+  batch(batcherManager: BatcherManager): void {
+    this.opaqueQueue.batch(batcherManager);
+    this.alphaTestQueue.batch(batcherManager);
+    this.transparentQueue.batch(batcherManager);
+  }
+
   setRenderUpdateFlagTrue(rendererUpdateFlag: ContextRendererUpdateFlag): void {
     this.opaqueQueue.rendererUpdateFlag |= rendererUpdateFlag;
     this.transparentQueue.rendererUpdateFlag |= rendererUpdateFlag;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/InstanceBuffer.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/InstanceBuffer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f62253f78c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/InstanceBuffer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { Engine } from "../Engine";
+import { Buffer } from "../graphic/Buffer";
+import { BufferBindFlag } from "../graphic/enums/BufferBindFlag";
+import { BufferUsage } from "../graphic/enums/BufferUsage";
+import { SetDataOptions } from "../graphic/enums/SetDataOptions";
+import { Renderer } from "../Renderer";
+import { ShaderMacro } from "../shader/ShaderMacro";
+import { InstanceBufferLayout } from "../shaderlib/ShaderFactory";
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ * Manages a UBO for GPU instancing, packing per-instance renderer data (ModelMat, Layer, etc.).
+ */
+export class InstanceBuffer {
+  static gpuInstanceMacro = ShaderMacro.getByName("RENDERER_GPU_INSTANCE");
+
+  buffer: Buffer;
+
+  private _engine: Engine;
+  private _layout: InstanceBufferLayout;
+  private _data: ArrayBuffer;
+  private _floatView: Float32Array;
+  private _intView: Int32Array;
+
+  constructor(engine: Engine) {
+    this._engine = engine;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set UBO layout and allocate buffer if needed.
+   */
+  setLayout(layout: InstanceBufferLayout): void {
+    this._layout = layout;
+    const totalBytes = layout.instanceMaxCount * layout.structSize;
+    // Only reallocate when buffer is too small
+    if (!this.buffer || totalBytes > this.buffer.byteLength) {
+      this._data = new ArrayBuffer(totalBytes);
+      this._floatView = new Float32Array(this._data);
+      this._intView = new Int32Array(this._data);
+      this.buffer?.destroy();
+      this.buffer = new Buffer(this._engine, BufferBindFlag.ConstantBuffer, totalBytes, BufferUsage.Dynamic);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Pack renderer data into UBO and upload to GPU.
+   */
+  upload(renderers: Renderer[], start: number, count: number): void {
+    const { instanceFields, structSize } = this._layout;
+    const elementsPerInstance = structSize / 4;
+    const { _floatView: floatView, _intView: intView } = this;
+    const modelMatId = Renderer._worldMatrixProperty._uniqueId;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      const renderer = renderers[start + i];
+      const propertyValueMap = renderer.shaderData._propertyValueMap;
+      const baseOffset = i * elementsPerInstance;
+
+      for (let j = 0, n = instanceFields.length; j < n; j++) {
+        const field = instanceFields[j];
+        const fieldOffset = baseOffset + field.offsetInElements;
+        const propertyId = field.property._uniqueId;
+
+        if (propertyId === modelMatId) {
+          // Instancing skips _updateTransformShaderData, so worldMatrix is not in propertyValueMap
+          // Must read from transform getter to trigger lazy update
+          field.pack(floatView, fieldOffset, renderer.entity.transform.worldMatrix);
+        } else {
+          const value = propertyValueMap[propertyId];
+          if (value != null) {
+            field.pack(field.useIntView ? intView : floatView, fieldOffset, value);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.buffer.setData(floatView, 0, 0, count * elementsPerInstance, SetDataOptions.Discard);
+  }
+
+  destroy(): void {
+    this.buffer?.destroy();
+    this._data = null;
+    this._floatView = null;
+    this._intView = null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/MaskManager.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/MaskManager.ts
index 8454e1d584..12284ca611 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/MaskManager.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/MaskManager.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-import { SpriteMask } from "../2d";
+import { Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { SpriteMaskInteraction } from "../2d/enums/SpriteMaskInteraction";
+import { IMaskRenderable } from "../2d/sprite/MaskRenderable";
 import { CameraClearFlags } from "../enums/CameraClearFlags";
 import { SpriteMaskLayer } from "../enums/SpriteMaskLayer";
 import { Material } from "../material";
@@ -28,17 +30,49 @@ export class MaskManager {
   hasStencilWritten = false;
 
   private _preMaskLayer = SpriteMaskLayer.Nothing;
-  private _allSpriteMasks = new DisorderedArray<SpriteMask>();
+  private _allSpriteMasks = new DisorderedArray<IMaskRenderable>();
+  private _filteredMasksByLayer = new Map<SpriteMaskLayer, IMaskRenderable[]>();
+  private _isFilteredMasksDirty = true;
 
-  addSpriteMask(mask: SpriteMask): void {
+  addSpriteMask(mask: IMaskRenderable): void {
     mask._maskIndex = this._allSpriteMasks.length;
     this._allSpriteMasks.add(mask);
+    this._setFilteredMasksDirty();
   }
 
-  removeSpriteMask(mask: SpriteMask): void {
+  removeSpriteMask(mask: IMaskRenderable): void {
     const replaced = this._allSpriteMasks.deleteByIndex(mask._maskIndex);
     replaced && (replaced._maskIndex = mask._maskIndex);
     mask._maskIndex = -1;
+    this._setFilteredMasksDirty();
+  }
+
+  onMaskInfluenceLayersChange(): void {
+    this._setFilteredMasksDirty();
+  }
+
+  isVisibleByMask(maskInteraction: SpriteMaskInteraction, maskLayer: SpriteMaskLayer, worldPoint: Vector3): boolean {
+    if (maskInteraction === SpriteMaskInteraction.None) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const masks = this._getMasksByLayer(maskLayer);
+    let insideMask = false;
+    for (let i = 0, n = masks.length; i < n; i++) {
+      if (masks[i]._containsWorldPoint(worldPoint)) {
+        insideMask = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    switch (maskInteraction) {
+      case SpriteMaskInteraction.VisibleInsideMask:
+        return insideMask;
+      case SpriteMaskInteraction.VisibleOutsideMask:
+        return !insideMask;
+      default:
+        return true;
+    }
   }
 
   drawMask(context: RenderContext, pipelineStageTagValue: string, maskLayer: SpriteMaskLayer): void {
@@ -118,6 +152,38 @@ export class MaskManager {
     const allSpriteMasks = this._allSpriteMasks;
     allSpriteMasks.length = 0;
     allSpriteMasks.garbageCollection();
+    this._filteredMasksByLayer.clear();
+    this._isFilteredMasksDirty = true;
+  }
+
+  private _setFilteredMasksDirty(): void {
+    this._isFilteredMasksDirty = true;
+  }
+
+  private _getMasksByLayer(maskLayer: SpriteMaskLayer): IMaskRenderable[] {
+    if (maskLayer === SpriteMaskLayer.Nothing) {
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    if (this._isFilteredMasksDirty) {
+      this._filteredMasksByLayer.clear();
+      this._isFilteredMasksDirty = false;
+    }
+
+    let filteredMasks = this._filteredMasksByLayer.get(maskLayer);
+    if (!filteredMasks) {
+      filteredMasks = [];
+      const allMasks = this._allSpriteMasks;
+      const maskElements = allMasks._elements;
+      for (let i = 0, n = allMasks.length; i < n; i++) {
+        const mask = maskElements[i];
+        if (mask.influenceLayers & maskLayer) {
+          filteredMasks.push(mask);
+        }
+      }
+      this._filteredMasksByLayer.set(maskLayer, filteredMasks);
+    }
+    return filteredMasks;
   }
 
   private _buildMaskRenderElement(
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/RenderElement.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/RenderElement.ts
index 582e72f47d..89a67b8fd9 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/RenderElement.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/RenderElement.ts
@@ -1,24 +1,53 @@
+import { Renderer } from "../Renderer";
+import { Primitive, SubMesh } from "../graphic";
+import { Material } from "../material";
+import { ShaderData, SubShader } from "../shader";
+import { Texture2D } from "../texture";
 import { IPoolElement } from "../utils/ObjectPool";
-import { RenderQueueFlags } from "./BasicRenderPipeline";
-import { SubRenderElement } from "./SubRenderElement";
+import { SubPrimitiveChunk } from "./SubPrimitiveChunk";
 
 export class RenderElement implements IPoolElement {
   priority: number;
   distanceForSort: number;
-  subRenderElements = Array<SubRenderElement>();
-  renderQueueFlags: RenderQueueFlags;
+  component: Renderer;
+  primitive: Primitive;
+  material: Material;
+  subPrimitive: SubMesh;
+  subShader: SubShader;
+  shaderData?: ShaderData;
+  instancedRenderers: Renderer[] = [];
 
-  set(priority: number, distanceForSort: number): void {
-    this.priority = priority;
-    this.distanceForSort = distanceForSort;
-    this.subRenderElements.length = 0;
-  }
+  // @todo: maybe should remove later
+  texture?: Texture2D;
+  subChunk?: SubPrimitiveChunk;
 
-  addSubRenderElement(element: SubRenderElement): void {
-    this.subRenderElements.push(element);
+  set(
+    component: Renderer,
+    material: Material,
+    primitive: Primitive,
+    subPrimitive: SubMesh,
+    texture?: Texture2D,
+    subChunk?: SubPrimitiveChunk
+  ): void {
+    this.component = component;
+    this.material = material;
+    this.primitive = primitive;
+    this.subPrimitive = subPrimitive;
+    this.texture = texture;
+    this.subChunk = subChunk;
+    this.instancedRenderers.length = 0;
   }
 
   dispose(): void {
-    this.subRenderElements.length = 0;
+    this.component = null;
+    this.material = null;
+    this.primitive = null;
+    this.subPrimitive = null;
+    this.subShader = null;
+    this.shaderData && (this.shaderData = null);
+    this.instancedRenderers = null;
+
+    this.texture && (this.texture = null);
+    this.subChunk && (this.subChunk = null);
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/RenderQueue.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/RenderQueue.ts
index 3558679996..f9ee9fb0a4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/RenderQueue.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/RenderQueue.ts
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ import { BasicResources, RenderStateElementMap } from "../BasicResources";
 import { Utils } from "../Utils";
 import { RenderQueueType, Shader } from "../shader";
 import { ShaderMacroCollection } from "../shader/ShaderMacroCollection";
+import { ConstantBufferBindingPoint } from "../shader/enums/ConstantBufferBindingPoint";
 import { BatcherManager } from "./BatcherManager";
+import { InstanceBuffer } from "./InstanceBuffer";
 import { ContextRendererUpdateFlag, RenderContext } from "./RenderContext";
 import { RenderElement } from "./RenderElement";
-import { SubRenderElement } from "./SubRenderElement";
 import { RenderQueueMaskType } from "./enums/RenderQueueMaskType";
 
 /**
@@ -14,7 +15,11 @@ import { RenderQueueMaskType } from "./enums/RenderQueueMaskType";
  */
 export class RenderQueue {
   static compareForOpaque(a: RenderElement, b: RenderElement): number {
-    return a.priority - b.priority || a.distanceForSort - b.distanceForSort;
+    return (
+      a.priority - b.priority ||
+      a.material.instanceId - b.material.instanceId ||
+      a.primitive.instanceId - b.primitive.instanceId
+    );
   }
 
   static compareForTransparent(a: RenderElement, b: RenderElement): number {
@@ -22,7 +27,7 @@ export class RenderQueue {
   }
 
   readonly elements = new Array<RenderElement>();
-  readonly batchedSubElements = new Array<SubRenderElement>();
+  readonly batchedElements = new Array<RenderElement>();
   rendererUpdateFlag = ContextRendererUpdateFlag.None;
 
   constructor(public renderQueueType: RenderQueueType) {}
@@ -36,6 +41,10 @@ export class RenderQueue {
     this.batch(batcherManager);
   }
 
+  sort(compareFunc: Function): void {
+    Utils._quickSort(this.elements, 0, this.elements.length, compareFunc);
+  }
+
   batch(batcherManager: BatcherManager): void {
     batcherManager.batch(this);
   }
@@ -45,8 +54,8 @@ export class RenderQueue {
     pipelineStageTagValue: string,
     maskType: RenderQueueMaskType = RenderQueueMaskType.No
   ): void {
-    const batchedSubElements = this.batchedSubElements;
-    const length = batchedSubElements.length;
+    const batchedElements = this.batchedElements;
+    const length = batchedElements.length;
     if (length === 0) {
       return;
     }
@@ -57,34 +66,33 @@ export class RenderQueue {
     const rhi = engine._hardwareRenderer;
     const pipelineStageKey = RenderContext.pipelineStageKey;
     const renderQueueType = this.renderQueueType;
+    const needMaskType = maskType !== RenderQueueMaskType.No;
 
     for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      const subElement = batchedSubElements[i];
-      const { component: renderer, batched, material } = subElement;
-
-      // @todo: Can optimize update view projection matrix updated
-      if (
-        this.rendererUpdateFlag & ContextRendererUpdateFlag.WorldViewMatrix ||
-        renderer._batchedTransformShaderData != batched
-      ) {
-        // Update world matrix and view matrix and model matrix
-        renderer._updateTransformShaderData(context, false, batched);
-        renderer._batchedTransformShaderData = batched;
-      } else if (this.rendererUpdateFlag & ContextRendererUpdateFlag.ProjectionMatrix) {
-        // Only projection matrix need updated
-        renderer._updateTransformShaderData(context, true, batched);
+      const curElement = batchedElements[i];
+      const { component, material } = curElement;
+      const isInstanced = curElement.instancedRenderers.length > 0;
+
+      // Update transform shader data
+      // Instancing packs per-renderer transforms into the instance UBO at draw time, so skip here
+      if (!isInstanced) {
+        if (this.rendererUpdateFlag & ContextRendererUpdateFlag.WorldViewMatrix) {
+          component._updateTransformShaderData(context, false);
+        } else if (this.rendererUpdateFlag & ContextRendererUpdateFlag.ProjectionMatrix) {
+          component._updateTransformShaderData(context, true);
+        }
       }
 
-      const maskInteraction = renderer._maskInteraction;
+      // Resolve mask render states
+      const maskInteraction = component._maskInteraction;
       const needMaskInteraction = maskInteraction !== SpriteMaskInteraction.None;
-      const needMaskType = maskType !== RenderQueueMaskType.No;
       let customStates: RenderStateElementMap = null;
 
       if (needMaskType) {
         customStates = BasicResources.getMaskTypeRenderStates(maskType);
       } else {
         if (needMaskInteraction) {
-          maskManager.drawMask(context, pipelineStageTagValue, subElement.component._maskLayer);
+          maskManager.drawMask(context, pipelineStageTagValue, component._maskLayer);
           customStates = BasicResources.getMaskInteractionRenderStates(maskInteraction);
         } else {
           maskManager.isReadStencil(material) && maskManager.clearMask(context, pipelineStageTagValue);
@@ -92,21 +100,27 @@ export class RenderQueue {
         maskManager.isStencilWritten(material) && (maskManager.hasStencilWritten = true);
       }
 
-      const compileMacros = Shader._compileMacros;
-      const { primitive, shaderPasses, shaderData: renderElementShaderData } = subElement;
-      const { shaderData: rendererData, instanceId: rendererId } = renderer;
+      const { shaderData: renderElementShaderData } = curElement;
+      const shaderPasses = curElement.subShader.passes;
+      const { shaderData: rendererData, instanceId: rendererId } = component;
       const { shaderData: materialData, instanceId: materialId, renderStates } = material;
 
-      // Union render global macro and material self macro
-      ShaderMacroCollection.unionCollection(renderer._globalShaderMacro, materialData._macroCollection, compileMacros);
+      // Build compile macros
+      const compileMacros = Shader._compileMacros;
+      ShaderMacroCollection.unionCollection(component._globalShaderMacro, materialData._macroCollection, compileMacros);
       ShaderMacroCollection.unionCollection(compileMacros, engine._macroCollection, compileMacros);
 
+      if (isInstanced) {
+        compileMacros.enable(InstanceBuffer.gpuInstanceMacro);
+      }
+
       for (let j = 0, m = shaderPasses.length; j < m; j++) {
         const shaderPass = shaderPasses[j];
         if (shaderPass.getTagValue(pipelineStageKey) !== pipelineStageTagValue) {
           continue;
         }
 
+        // Pick render state and filter by queue type
         let renderState = shaderPass._renderState;
         if (needMaskType) {
           // Mask don't care render queue type
@@ -134,18 +148,23 @@ export class RenderQueue {
         const switchProgram = program.bind();
         const switchRenderCount = renderCount !== program._uploadRenderCount;
 
+        // Upload uniforms (cache-aware per block)
         if (switchRenderCount) {
           program.groupingOtherUniformBlock();
           program.uploadAll(program.sceneUniformBlock, sceneData);
           program.uploadAll(program.cameraUniformBlock, cameraData);
-          program.uploadAll(program.rendererUniformBlock, rendererData);
+          if (isInstanced) {
+            program._uploadRendererId = -1;
+          } else {
+            program.uploadAll(program.rendererUniformBlock, rendererData);
+            program._uploadRendererId = rendererId;
+          }
           program.uploadAll(program.materialUniformBlock, materialData);
           renderElementShaderData && program.uploadAll(program.renderElementUniformBlock, renderElementShaderData);
-          // UnGroup textures should upload default value, texture uint maybe change by logic of texture bind.
+          // UnGroup textures should upload default value, texture uint maybe change by logic of texture bind
           program.uploadUnGroupTextures();
           program._uploadSceneId = sceneId;
           program._uploadCameraId = cameraId;
-          program._uploadRendererId = rendererId;
           program._uploadMaterialId = materialId;
           program._uploadRenderCount = renderCount;
         } else {
@@ -163,11 +182,13 @@ export class RenderQueue {
             program.uploadTextures(program.cameraUniformBlock, cameraData);
           }
 
-          if (program._uploadRendererId !== rendererId) {
-            program.uploadAll(program.rendererUniformBlock, rendererData);
-            program._uploadRendererId = rendererId;
-          } else if (switchProgram) {
-            program.uploadTextures(program.rendererUniformBlock, rendererData);
+          if (!isInstanced) {
+            if (program._uploadRendererId !== rendererId) {
+              program.uploadAll(program.rendererUniformBlock, rendererData);
+              program._uploadRendererId = rendererId;
+            } else if (switchProgram) {
+              program.uploadTextures(program.rendererUniformBlock, rendererData);
+            }
           }
 
           if (program._uploadMaterialId !== materialId) {
@@ -179,20 +200,41 @@ export class RenderQueue {
 
           renderElementShaderData && program.uploadAll(program.renderElementUniformBlock, renderElementShaderData);
 
-          // We only consider switchProgram case, because UnGroup texture's value is always default.
+          // We only consider switchProgram case, because UnGroup texture's value is always default
           if (switchProgram) {
             program.uploadUnGroupTextures();
           }
         }
 
+        // Apply render state
         renderState._applyStates(
           engine,
-          renderer._isFrontFaceInvert(),
+          component._isFrontFaceInvert(),
           shaderPass._renderStateDataMap,
           material.shaderData,
           customStates
         );
-        rhi.drawPrimitive(primitive, subElement.subPrimitive, program);
+
+        // Draw
+        const layout = program._instanceLayout;
+        if (isInstanced && layout) {
+          const { primitive, subPrimitive, instancedRenderers } = curElement;
+          const totalCount = instancedRenderers.length;
+          const maxCount = layout.instanceMaxCount;
+          const instanceBuffer = engine._batcherManager.instanceBuffer;
+
+          instanceBuffer.setLayout(layout);
+          rhi.bindUniformBufferBase(ConstantBufferBindingPoint.RendererInstance, instanceBuffer.buffer._platformBuffer);
+          for (let start = 0; start < totalCount; start += maxCount) {
+            const count = Math.min(maxCount, totalCount - start);
+            instanceBuffer.upload(instancedRenderers, start, count);
+            primitive.instanceCount = count;
+            rhi.drawPrimitive(primitive, subPrimitive, program);
+          }
+          primitive.instanceCount = 0;
+        } else {
+          rhi.drawPrimitive(curElement.primitive, curElement.subPrimitive, program);
+        }
       }
     }
 
@@ -201,7 +243,7 @@ export class RenderQueue {
 
   clear(): void {
     this.elements.length = 0;
-    this.batchedSubElements.length = 0;
+    this.batchedElements.length = 0;
   }
 
   destroy(): void {}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/SubRenderElement.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/SubRenderElement.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index f8c86c114d..0000000000
--- a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/SubRenderElement.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-import { Renderer } from "../Renderer";
-import { Primitive, SubMesh } from "../graphic";
-import { Material } from "../material";
-import { ShaderData, ShaderPass } from "../shader";
-import { Texture2D } from "../texture";
-import { IPoolElement } from "../utils/ObjectPool";
-import { RenderQueueFlags } from "./BasicRenderPipeline";
-import { SubPrimitiveChunk } from "./SubPrimitiveChunk";
-
-export class SubRenderElement implements IPoolElement {
-  component: Renderer;
-  primitive: Primitive;
-  material: Material;
-  subPrimitive: SubMesh;
-  shaderPasses: ReadonlyArray<ShaderPass>;
-  shaderData?: ShaderData;
-  batched: boolean;
-  renderQueueFlags: RenderQueueFlags;
-
-  // @todo: maybe should remove later
-  texture?: Texture2D;
-  subChunk?: SubPrimitiveChunk;
-
-  set(
-    component: Renderer,
-    material: Material,
-    primitive: Primitive,
-    subPrimitive: SubMesh,
-    texture?: Texture2D,
-    subChunk?: SubPrimitiveChunk
-  ): void {
-    this.component = component;
-    this.material = material;
-    this.primitive = primitive;
-    this.subPrimitive = subPrimitive;
-    this.texture = texture;
-    this.subChunk = subChunk;
-  }
-
-  dispose(): void {
-    this.component = null;
-    this.material = null;
-    this.primitive = null;
-    this.subPrimitive = null;
-    this.shaderPasses = null;
-    this.shaderData && (this.shaderData = null);
-
-    this.texture && (this.texture = null);
-    this.subChunk && (this.subChunk = null);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/VertexMergeBatcher.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/VertexMergeBatcher.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67565f8071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/VertexMergeBatcher.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import { SpriteMask, SpriteMaskInteraction, SpriteRenderer } from "../2d";
+import { ShaderTagKey } from "../shader";
+import { RenderElement } from "./RenderElement";
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+export class VertexMergeBatcher {
+  protected static _disableBatchTag: ShaderTagKey = ShaderTagKey.getByName("spriteDisableBatching");
+
+  static canBatchSprite(preElement: RenderElement, curElement: RenderElement): boolean {
+    const preRenderer = <SpriteRenderer>preElement.component;
+    const renderer = <SpriteRenderer>curElement.component;
+    const maskInteraction = preRenderer.maskInteraction;
+
+    const preRendererAny = preRenderer as any;
+    const curRendererAny = renderer as any;
+    const rectMaskEnabledA = preRendererAny._rectMaskEnabled;
+    if (rectMaskEnabledA !== curRendererAny._rectMaskEnabled) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (rectMaskEnabledA) {
+      const rectMaskRectA = preRendererAny._rectMaskRect;
+      const rectMaskRectB = curRendererAny._rectMaskRect;
+      const rectMaskSoftnessA = preRendererAny._rectMaskSoftness;
+      const rectMaskSoftnessB = curRendererAny._rectMaskSoftness;
+      if (
+        !rectMaskRectA ||
+        !rectMaskRectB ||
+        !rectMaskSoftnessA ||
+        !rectMaskSoftnessB ||
+        rectMaskRectA.x !== rectMaskRectB.x ||
+        rectMaskRectA.y !== rectMaskRectB.y ||
+        rectMaskRectA.z !== rectMaskRectB.z ||
+        rectMaskRectA.w !== rectMaskRectB.w ||
+        rectMaskSoftnessA.x !== rectMaskSoftnessB.x ||
+        rectMaskSoftnessA.y !== rectMaskSoftnessB.y ||
+        rectMaskSoftnessA.z !== rectMaskSoftnessB.z ||
+        rectMaskSoftnessA.w !== rectMaskSoftnessB.w ||
+        preRendererAny._rectMaskHardClip !== curRendererAny._rectMaskHardClip
+      ) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Order: cheap reference checks → mask state → tag lookup (rare opt-out)
+    return (
+      preElement.subChunk.chunk === curElement.subChunk.chunk &&
+      preElement.texture === curElement.texture &&
+      preElement.material === curElement.material &&
+      maskInteraction === renderer.maskInteraction &&
+      (maskInteraction === SpriteMaskInteraction.None || preRenderer.maskLayer === renderer.maskLayer) &&
+      curElement.subShader.passes[0].getTagValue(VertexMergeBatcher._disableBatchTag) !== true
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Text-specific batch check: extends sprite check with outline parity.
+   * Different outlineWidth or outlineColor must split into separate draw calls,
+   * because outline uniforms are shared per draw call.
+   */
+  static canBatchText(preElement: RenderElement, curElement: RenderElement): boolean {
+    if (!VertexMergeBatcher.canBatchSprite(preElement, curElement)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const preRendererAny = preElement.component as any;
+    const curRendererAny = curElement.component as any;
+    if (preRendererAny._outlineWidth !== curRendererAny._outlineWidth) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (preRendererAny._outlineWidth > 0) {
+      const a = preRendererAny._outlineColor;
+      const b = curRendererAny._outlineColor;
+      if (a.r !== b.r || a.g !== b.g || a.b !== b.b || a.a !== b.a) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static canBatchSpriteMask(preElement: RenderElement, curElement: RenderElement): boolean {
+    if (preElement.subChunk.chunk !== curElement.subChunk.chunk) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const alphaCutoffProperty = SpriteMask._alphaCutoffProperty;
+
+    // Compare renderer property
+    return (
+      preElement.texture === curElement.texture &&
+      (<SpriteMask>preElement.component).shaderData.getFloat(alphaCutoffProperty) ===
+        (<SpriteMask>curElement.component).shaderData.getFloat(alphaCutoffProperty)
+    );
+  }
+
+  static batch(preElement: RenderElement | null, curElement: RenderElement): void {
+    const subChunk = curElement.subChunk;
+    const { chunk, indices: subChunkIndices } = subChunk;
+
+    const length = subChunkIndices.length;
+    let startIndex = chunk.updateIndexLength;
+    if (preElement) {
+      preElement.subChunk.subMesh.count += length;
+    } else {
+      // Reset subMesh
+      const subMesh = subChunk.subMesh;
+      subMesh.start = startIndex;
+      subMesh.count = length;
+    }
+
+    const { start, size } = subChunk.vertexArea;
+    const vertexOffset = start / 9;
+    const indices = chunk.indices;
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+      indices[startIndex++] = vertexOffset + subChunkIndices[i];
+    }
+    chunk.updateIndexLength += length;
+    chunk.updateVertexStart = Math.min(chunk.updateVertexStart, start);
+    chunk.updateVertexEnd = Math.max(chunk.updateVertexEnd, start + size);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/index.ts b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/index.ts
index 7161b57757..a95c0f8f46 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/RenderPipeline/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 export { BasicRenderPipeline, RenderQueueFlags } from "./BasicRenderPipeline";
-export { BatchUtils } from "./BatchUtils";
+export { VertexMergeBatcher } from "./VertexMergeBatcher";
 export { Blitter } from "./Blitter";
-export { RenderQueue } from "./RenderQueue";
 export { PipelineStage } from "./enums/PipelineStage";
+export { RenderElement } from "./RenderElement";
+export { RenderQueue } from "./RenderQueue";
diff --git a/packages/core/src/Renderer.ts b/packages/core/src/Renderer.ts
index ab9f743c0c..c6444d5354 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/Renderer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/Renderer.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { Component } from "./Component";
 import { DependentMode, dependentComponents } from "./ComponentsDependencies";
 import { Entity } from "./Entity";
 import { RenderContext } from "./RenderPipeline/RenderContext";
-import { SubRenderElement } from "./RenderPipeline/SubRenderElement";
+import { RenderElement } from "./RenderPipeline/RenderElement";
 import { Transform, TransformModifyFlags } from "./Transform";
 import { assignmentClone, deepClone, ignoreClone } from "./clone/CloneManager";
 import { SpriteMaskLayer } from "./enums/SpriteMaskLayer";
@@ -23,14 +23,15 @@ import { ShaderDataGroup } from "./shader/enums/ShaderDataGroup";
 export class Renderer extends Component {
   private static _tempVector0 = new Vector3();
 
+  /** @internal */
+  static _worldMatrixProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_ModelMat");
+  /** @internal */
+  static _rendererLayerProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_Layer");
+
   private static _receiveShadowMacro = ShaderMacro.getByName("RENDERER_IS_RECEIVE_SHADOWS");
-  private static _localMatrixProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_LocalMat");
-  private static _worldMatrixProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_ModelMat");
   private static _mvMatrixProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_MVMat");
   private static _mvpMatrixProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_MVPMat");
-  private static _mvInvMatrixProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_MVInvMat");
   private static _normalMatrixProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_NormalMat");
-  private static _rendererLayerProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_Layer");
 
   /** @internal */
   @ignoreClone
@@ -46,12 +47,8 @@ export class Renderer extends Component {
   _globalShaderMacro: ShaderMacroCollection = new ShaderMacroCollection();
   @ignoreClone
   _renderFrameCount: number;
-  /** @internal */
   @assignmentClone
   _maskInteraction: SpriteMaskInteraction = SpriteMaskInteraction.None;
-  /** @internal */
-  @ignoreClone
-  _batchedTransformShaderData: boolean = false;
   @assignmentClone
   _maskLayer: SpriteMaskLayer = SpriteMaskLayer.Layer0;
 
@@ -74,8 +71,6 @@ export class Renderer extends Component {
   @ignoreClone
   private _mvpMatrix: Matrix = new Matrix();
   @ignoreClone
-  private _mvInvMatrix: Matrix = new Matrix();
-  @ignoreClone
   private _normalMatrix: Matrix = new Matrix();
   @ignoreClone
   private _materialsInstanced: boolean[] = [];
@@ -384,7 +379,6 @@ export class Renderer extends Component {
     this._shaderData = null;
     this._mvMatrix = null;
     this._mvpMatrix = null;
-    this._mvInvMatrix = null;
     this._normalMatrix = null;
     this._materialsInstanced = null;
     this._rendererLayer = null;
@@ -393,74 +387,66 @@ export class Renderer extends Component {
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  _updateTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean, batched: boolean): void {
+  _updateTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean): void {
     const worldMatrix = this._transformEntity.transform.worldMatrix;
+    const { shaderData } = this;
     if (onlyMVP) {
-      this._updateProjectionRelatedShaderData(context, worldMatrix, batched);
+      const mvpMatrix = this._mvpMatrix;
+      Matrix.multiply(context.viewProjectionMatrix, worldMatrix, mvpMatrix);
+      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvpMatrixProperty, mvpMatrix);
     } else {
-      this._updateWorldViewRelatedShaderData(context, worldMatrix, batched);
+      const mvMatrix = this._mvMatrix;
+      const normalMatrix = this._normalMatrix;
+
+      Matrix.multiply(context.viewMatrix, worldMatrix, mvMatrix);
+      Matrix.invert(worldMatrix, normalMatrix);
+      normalMatrix.transpose();
+
+      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._worldMatrixProperty, worldMatrix);
+      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvMatrixProperty, mvMatrix);
+      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._normalMatrixProperty, normalMatrix);
+
+      const mvpMatrix = this._mvpMatrix;
+      Matrix.multiply(context.viewProjectionMatrix, worldMatrix, mvpMatrix);
+      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvpMatrixProperty, mvpMatrix);
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  _canBatch(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB: SubRenderElement): boolean {
+  _canBatch(preElement: RenderElement, curElement: RenderElement): boolean {
     return false;
   }
 
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  _batch(elementA: SubRenderElement, elementB?: SubRenderElement): void {}
+  _batch(preElement: RenderElement | null, curElement: RenderElement): void {}
 
   /**
-   * Update once per frame per renderer, not influenced by batched.
+   * Update once per frame per renderer.
    */
   protected _update(context: RenderContext): void {
     const { layer } = this.entity;
     this._rendererLayer.set(layer & 65535, (layer >>> 16) & 65535, 0, 0);
   }
 
-  protected _updateWorldViewRelatedShaderData(context: RenderContext, worldMatrix: Matrix, batched: boolean): void {
-    const { shaderData, _mvInvMatrix: mvInvMatrix } = this;
-    if (batched) {
+  /**
+   * Update transform shader data for world-space vertices (2D renderers).
+   * Vertices are already in world space, so model matrix is identity.
+   */
+  protected _updateWorldSpaceTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean): void {
+    const { shaderData } = this;
+    if (onlyMVP) {
+      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvpMatrixProperty, context.viewProjectionMatrix);
+    } else {
       // @ts-ignore
       const identityMatrix = Matrix._identity;
-
-      Matrix.invert(context.viewMatrix, mvInvMatrix);
-
-      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._localMatrixProperty, identityMatrix);
       shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._worldMatrixProperty, identityMatrix);
       shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvMatrixProperty, context.viewMatrix);
-      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvInvMatrixProperty, mvInvMatrix);
       shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._normalMatrixProperty, identityMatrix);
-    } else {
-      const mvMatrix = this._mvMatrix;
-      const normalMatrix = this._normalMatrix;
-
-      Matrix.multiply(context.viewMatrix, worldMatrix, mvMatrix);
-      Matrix.invert(mvMatrix, mvInvMatrix);
-      Matrix.invert(worldMatrix, normalMatrix);
-      normalMatrix.transpose();
-
-      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._localMatrixProperty, this._transformEntity.transform.localMatrix);
-      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._worldMatrixProperty, worldMatrix);
-      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvMatrixProperty, mvMatrix);
-      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvInvMatrixProperty, mvInvMatrix);
-      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._normalMatrixProperty, normalMatrix);
-    }
-
-    this._updateProjectionRelatedShaderData(context, worldMatrix, batched);
-  }
-
-  protected _updateProjectionRelatedShaderData(context: RenderContext, worldMatrix: Matrix, batched: boolean): void {
-    if (batched) {
-      this.shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvpMatrixProperty, context.viewProjectionMatrix);
-    } else {
-      const mvpMatrix = this._mvpMatrix;
-      Matrix.multiply(context.viewProjectionMatrix, worldMatrix, mvpMatrix);
-      this.shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvpMatrixProperty, mvpMatrix);
+      shaderData.setMatrix(Renderer._mvpMatrixProperty, context.viewProjectionMatrix);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/SceneManager.ts b/packages/core/src/SceneManager.ts
index 92de60d66b..1fa51ba265 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/SceneManager.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/SceneManager.ts
@@ -91,10 +91,21 @@ export class SceneManager {
    * @returns scene promise
    */
   loadScene(url: string, destroyOldScene: boolean = true): AssetPromise<Scene> {
-    const scenePromise = this.engine.resourceManager.load<Scene>({ url, type: AssetType.Scene });
+    const resourceManager = this.engine.resourceManager;
+    // Evict the Scene asset cache for managed scenes about to be destroyed, so a fresh Scene
+    // instance is created by the loader instead of returning the same instance we're about to
+    // destroy (self-destroy would leave the active scene in a zombie state).
+    if (destroyOldScene) {
+      const realPath = resourceManager._virtualPathResourceMap[url]?.path ?? url;
+      const cached = resourceManager.getFromCache<Scene>(realPath);
+      if (cached && this._scenes.indexOf(cached) !== -1) {
+        resourceManager._deleteAsset(cached);
+      }
+    }
+    const scenePromise = resourceManager.load<Scene>({ url, type: AssetType.Scene });
     scenePromise.then((scene: Scene) => {
       if (destroyOldScene) {
-        const scenes = this._scenes.getArray();
+        const scenes = this._scenes.getLoopArray();
         for (let i = 0, n = scenes.length; i < n; i++) {
           scenes[i].destroy();
         }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/Signal.ts b/packages/core/src/Signal.ts
index a18b86cf5a..e337e03d9d 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/Signal.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/Signal.ts
@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ export class Signal<T extends any[] = []> {
   on(fn: (...args: T) => void, target?: any): void;
   /**
    * Add a structured binding listener. Structured bindings support clone remapping.
+   * The target method will be invoked as `method(...signalArgs, ...args)` —
+   * runtime signal arguments come first, bound arguments are appended.
    * @param target - The target component
    * @param methodName - The method name to invoke on the target
-   * @param args - Pre-resolved arguments
+   * @param args - Pre-resolved arguments appended after the runtime signal arguments
    */
   on(target: Component, methodName: string, ...args: any[]): void;
   on(fnOrTarget: ((...args: T) => void) | Component, targetOrMethodName?: any, ...args: any[]): void {
@@ -37,9 +39,11 @@ export class Signal<T extends any[] = []> {
   once(fn: (...args: T) => void, target?: any): void;
   /**
    * Add a one-time structured binding listener.
+   * The target method will be invoked as `method(...signalArgs, ...args)` —
+   * runtime signal arguments come first, bound arguments are appended.
    * @param target - The target component
    * @param methodName - The method name to invoke on the target
-   * @param args - Pre-resolved arguments
+   * @param args - Pre-resolved arguments appended after the runtime signal arguments
    */
   once(target: Component, methodName: string, ...args: any[]): void;
   once(fnOrTarget: ((...args: T) => void) | Component, targetOrMethodName?: any, ...args: any[]): void {
@@ -171,7 +175,7 @@ export class Signal<T extends any[] = []> {
       const methodName = targetOrMethodName as string;
       const fn =
         args.length > 0
-          ? (...signalArgs: any[]) => (target as any)[methodName](...args, ...signalArgs)
+          ? (...signalArgs: any[]) => (target as any)[methodName](...signalArgs, ...args)
           : (...signalArgs: any[]) => (target as any)[methodName](...signalArgs);
       this._listeners.push({
         fn: fn as (...args: T) => void,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/Transform.ts b/packages/core/src/Transform.ts
index f822474dcc..2c9821426c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/Transform.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/Transform.ts
@@ -563,7 +563,26 @@ export class Transform extends Component {
    */
   _parentChange(): void {
     this._isParentDirty = true;
-    this._updateAllWorldFlag(TransformModifyFlags.WmWpWeWqWsWus);
+    // Reparent invalidates the world state of the entire subtree:
+    // 1) `_updateAllWorldFlag` has an early-exit that skips propagation when
+    //    self's world dirty flags are already set — invalid after reparent.
+    // 2) Descendants may have cached a stale `_parentTransformCache` (e.g. if
+    //    `_getParentTransform` was ever called while their ancestor chain was
+    //    partially constructed during clone/instantiate). Force them to
+    //    re-resolve the parent transform on next access.
+    this._propagateReparentDirty(TransformModifyFlags.WmWpWeWqWsWus);
+  }
+
+  private _propagateReparentDirty(flags: TransformModifyFlags): void {
+    this._worldAssociatedChange(flags);
+    const children = this._entity._children;
+    for (let i = 0, n = children.length; i < n; i++) {
+      const transform = children[i].transform;
+      if (transform) {
+        transform._isParentDirty = true;
+        transform._propagateReparentDirty(flags);
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -597,8 +616,13 @@ export class Transform extends Component {
     // @ts-ignore
     scale._onValueChanged = target._onScaleChanged;
 
-    // When cloning, other components may obtain properties such as `rotationQuaternion` in the constructor, local related dirty flags need to be corrected
+    // When cloning, other components may obtain properties such as `rotationQuaternion` in the constructor, local related dirty flags need to be corrected.
+    // Earlier in this Entity's construction other components (e.g. DynamicCollider) may have queried
+    // `worldPosition`, which clears the WorldPosition / WorldMatrix dirty flags as a side effect of caching
+    // the computed value. After this _cloneTo writes new local values, those world-derived caches are stale,
+    // so re-dirty them and notify listeners (Collider._updateFlag etc.) so subsequent reads recompute correctly.
     target._setDirtyFlagTrue(TransformModifyFlags.LocalQuat | TransformModifyFlags.LocalMatrix);
+    target._worldAssociatedChange(TransformModifyFlags.WmWpWeWqWsWus);
   }
 
   protected _onLocalMatrixChanging(): void {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/animation/Animator.ts b/packages/core/src/animation/Animator.ts
index 180c2d1356..ecaddd19ed 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/animation/Animator.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/animation/Animator.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import { AnimatorCullingMode } from "./enums/AnimatorCullingMode";
 import { AnimatorLayerBlendingMode } from "./enums/AnimatorLayerBlendingMode";
 import { AnimatorStatePlayState } from "./enums/AnimatorStatePlayState";
 import { LayerState } from "./enums/LayerState";
+import { WrapMode } from "./enums/WrapMode";
 import { AnimationCurveLayerOwner } from "./internal/AnimationCurveLayerOwner";
 import { AnimationEventHandler } from "./internal/AnimationEventHandler";
 import { AnimatorLayerData } from "./internal/AnimatorLayerData";
@@ -218,13 +219,31 @@ export class Animator extends Component {
    * @param stateName - The state name
    * @param layerIndex - The layer index(default -1). If layer is -1, find the first state with the given state name
    */
-  findAnimatorState(stateName: string, layerIndex: number = -1): AnimatorState {
-    return this._getAnimatorStateInfo(stateName, layerIndex).state;
+  /**
+   * Find the per-instance play data for a state by name.
+   * The returned object's `speed` and `wrapMode` are per-instance and safe to modify without affecting other Animator instances.
+   * @param stateName - The state name
+   * @param layerIndex - The layer index (default -1, searches all layers)
+   * @returns Per-instance AnimatorStatePlayData, or null if not found
+   */
+  findAnimatorState(stateName: string, layerIndex: number = -1): AnimatorStatePlayData {
+    const { state, layerIndex: foundLayer } = this._getAnimatorStateInfo(stateName, layerIndex);
+    if (!state || foundLayer < 0) return null;
+    const layerData = this._animatorLayersData[foundLayer];
+    if (!layerData) return null;
+    // Check srcPlayData and destPlayData for the matching state
+    if (layerData.srcPlayData.state === state) return layerData.srcPlayData;
+    if (layerData.destPlayData.state === state) return layerData.destPlayData;
+    // State exists in controller but not currently playing — return srcPlayData initialized with the state
+    return layerData.srcPlayData;
   }
 
   /**
    * Get the layer by name.
    * @param name - The layer's name.
+   * @todo Return per-instance layer data (like AnimatorStatePlayData for states) instead of shared asset.
+   *       Currently returns the shared AnimatorControllerLayer — modifying `weight` affects all instances.
+   *       Should follow Unity's pattern: Animator.SetLayerWeight/GetLayerWeight (per-instance).
    */
   findLayerByName(name: string): AnimatorControllerLayer {
     return this._animatorController?._layersMap[name];
@@ -616,7 +635,7 @@ export class Animator extends Component {
     const { srcPlayData } = layerData;
     const { state } = srcPlayData;
 
-    const playSpeed = state.speed * this.speed;
+    const playSpeed = srcPlayData.speed * this.speed;
     const playDeltaTime = playSpeed * deltaTime;
 
     srcPlayData.updateOrientation(playDeltaTime);
@@ -753,8 +772,8 @@ export class Animator extends Component {
       return;
     }
 
-    const srcPlaySpeed = srcState.speed * speed;
-    const dstPlaySpeed = destState.speed * speed;
+    const srcPlaySpeed = srcPlayData.speed * speed;
+    const dstPlaySpeed = destPlayData.speed * speed;
     const dstPlayDeltaTime = dstPlaySpeed * deltaTime;
 
     srcPlayData && srcPlayData.updateOrientation(srcPlaySpeed * deltaTime);
@@ -883,7 +902,7 @@ export class Animator extends Component {
       return;
     }
 
-    const playSpeed = state.speed * this.speed;
+    const playSpeed = destPlayData.speed * this.speed;
     const playDeltaTime = playSpeed * deltaTime;
 
     destPlayData.updateOrientation(playDeltaTime);
@@ -989,7 +1008,7 @@ export class Animator extends Component {
   ): void {
     const playData = layerData.srcPlayData;
     const { state } = playData;
-    const actualSpeed = state.speed * this.speed;
+    const actualSpeed = playData.speed * this.speed;
     const actualDeltaTime = actualSpeed * deltaTime;
 
     playData.updateOrientation(actualDeltaTime);
@@ -1452,23 +1471,28 @@ export class Animator extends Component {
     lastClipTime: number,
     deltaTime: number
   ): void {
-    const { state, isForward, clipTime } = playData;
+    const { state, isForward, clipTime, wrapMode } = playData;
     const startTime = state._getClipActualStartTime();
     const endTime = state._getClipActualEndTime();
+    const canWrap = wrapMode === WrapMode.Loop;
 
     if (isForward) {
       if (lastClipTime + deltaTime >= endTime) {
         this._fireSubAnimationEvents(playData, eventHandlers, lastClipTime, endTime);
-        playData.currentEventIndex = 0;
-        this._fireSubAnimationEvents(playData, eventHandlers, startTime, clipTime);
+        if (canWrap) {
+          playData.currentEventIndex = 0;
+          this._fireSubAnimationEvents(playData, eventHandlers, startTime, clipTime);
+        }
       } else {
         this._fireSubAnimationEvents(playData, eventHandlers, lastClipTime, clipTime);
       }
     } else {
       if (lastClipTime + deltaTime <= startTime) {
         this._fireBackwardSubAnimationEvents(playData, eventHandlers, lastClipTime, startTime);
-        playData.currentEventIndex = eventHandlers.length - 1;
-        this._fireBackwardSubAnimationEvents(playData, eventHandlers, endTime, clipTime);
+        if (canWrap) {
+          playData.currentEventIndex = eventHandlers.length - 1;
+          this._fireBackwardSubAnimationEvents(playData, eventHandlers, endTime, clipTime);
+        }
       } else {
         this._fireBackwardSubAnimationEvents(playData, eventHandlers, lastClipTime, clipTime);
       }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/animation/index.ts b/packages/core/src/animation/index.ts
index b829ffde54..bd201a871f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/animation/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/animation/index.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export { Animator } from "./Animator";
 export { AnimatorController } from "./AnimatorController";
 export { AnimatorControllerLayer } from "./AnimatorControllerLayer";
 export { AnimatorState } from "./AnimatorState";
+export { AnimatorStatePlayData } from "./internal/AnimatorStatePlayData";
 export { AnimatorStateMachine } from "./AnimatorStateMachine";
 export { AnimatorStateTransition } from "./AnimatorStateTransition";
 export { AnimatorConditionMode } from "./enums/AnimatorConditionMode";
diff --git a/packages/core/src/animation/internal/AnimatorStatePlayData.ts b/packages/core/src/animation/internal/AnimatorStatePlayData.ts
index 7d10fc2324..7adc90c2f4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/animation/internal/AnimatorStatePlayData.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/animation/internal/AnimatorStatePlayData.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,60 @@
+import { AnimationClip } from "../AnimationClip";
 import { AnimatorState } from "../AnimatorState";
+import { AnimatorStateTransition } from "../AnimatorStateTransition";
 import { AnimatorStatePlayState } from "../enums/AnimatorStatePlayState";
 import { WrapMode } from "../enums/WrapMode";
+import { StateMachineScript } from "../StateMachineScript";
 import { AnimatorStateData } from "./AnimatorStateData";
 
 /**
- * @internal
+ * Per-instance runtime data for an AnimatorState.
+ * Proxies read-only properties from the shared AnimatorState asset,
+ * while providing per-instance mutable properties (e.g. speed, wrapMode).
  */
 export class AnimatorStatePlayData {
+  /** @internal */
   state: AnimatorState;
+  /** @internal */
   stateData: AnimatorStateData;
+  /** @internal */
   playedTime: number;
   playState: AnimatorStatePlayState;
+  /** @internal */
   clipTime: number;
+  /** @internal */
   currentEventIndex: number;
+  /** @internal */
   isForward = true;
+  /** @internal */
   offsetFrameTime: number;
+  /** Per-instance speed. Initialized from AnimatorState.speed, safe to modify without affecting other instances. */
+  speed: number = 1.0;
+  /** Per-instance wrap mode. Initialized from AnimatorState.wrapMode, safe to modify without affecting other instances. */
+  wrapMode: WrapMode = WrapMode.Loop;
+
+  // ── Proxy properties from AnimatorState (read-only) ──
+
+  /** The name of the state. */
+  get name(): string {
+    return this.state.name;
+  }
+
+  /** The clip played by this state. */
+  get clip(): AnimationClip {
+    return this.state.clip;
+  }
+
+  /** The transitions going out of this state. */
+  get transitions(): Readonly<AnimatorStateTransition[]> {
+    return this.state.transitions;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a state machine script to the underlying AnimatorState.
+   */
+  addStateMachineScript<T extends StateMachineScript>(scriptType: new () => T): T {
+    return this.state.addStateMachineScript(scriptType);
+  }
 
   private _changedOrientation = false;
 
@@ -27,6 +67,8 @@ export class AnimatorStatePlayData {
     this.clipTime = state.clipStartTime * state.clip.length;
     this.currentEventIndex = 0;
     this.isForward = true;
+    this.speed = state.speed;
+    this.wrapMode = state.wrapMode;
     this.state._transitionCollection.needResetCurrentCheckIndex = true;
   }
 
@@ -47,7 +89,7 @@ export class AnimatorStatePlayData {
     let time = this.playedTime + this.offsetFrameTime;
     const duration = state._getDuration();
     this.playState = AnimatorStatePlayState.Playing;
-    if (state.wrapMode === WrapMode.Loop) {
+    if (this.wrapMode === WrapMode.Loop) {
       time = duration ? time % duration : 0;
     } else {
       if (Math.abs(time) >= duration) {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/asset/AssetType.ts b/packages/core/src/asset/AssetType.ts
index 17ee100043..fad0e75043 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/asset/AssetType.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/asset/AssetType.ts
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ export enum AssetType {
   Font = "Font",
   /** Source Font, include ttf, otf and woff. */
   SourceFont = "SourceFont",
-  /** AudioClip, include ogg, wav and mp3. */
+  /** AudioClip, include ogg, wav, mp3, m4a, aac and flac. */
   Audio = "Audio",
   /** Project asset. */
   Project = "project",
diff --git a/packages/core/src/asset/ResourceManager.ts b/packages/core/src/asset/ResourceManager.ts
index 0395b2b29b..94cb7ee946 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/asset/ResourceManager.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/asset/ResourceManager.ts
@@ -340,7 +340,12 @@ export class ResourceManager {
   }
 
   private _assignDefaultOptions(assetInfo: LoadItem): LoadItem {
-    assetInfo.type = assetInfo.type ?? ResourceManager._getTypeByUrl(assetInfo.url);
+    const remoteConfig = this._virtualPathResourceMap[assetInfo.url];
+    if (remoteConfig) {
+      assetInfo.type = remoteConfig.type;
+    } else {
+      assetInfo.type = assetInfo.type ?? ResourceManager._getTypeByUrl(assetInfo.url);
+    }
     if (assetInfo.type === undefined) {
       throw `asset type should be specified: ${assetInfo.url}`;
     }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/audio/AudioManager.ts b/packages/core/src/audio/AudioManager.ts
index ad93f5ed59..b1c4c5651b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/audio/AudioManager.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/audio/AudioManager.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+type ResumableAudioSource = {
+  _resumePendingPlayback(): void;
+  _suspendPlaybackForInterruption(): boolean;
+  _resumeInterruptedPlayback(): void;
+};
+
 /**
  * Audio Manager for managing global audio context and settings.
  */
@@ -7,15 +13,22 @@ export class AudioManager {
 
   private static _context: AudioContext;
   private static _gainNode: GainNode;
-  private static _resumePromise: Promise<void> = null;
   private static _needsUserGestureResume = false;
+  private static _pendingSources = new Set<ResumableAudioSource>();
+  private static _playingSources = new Set<ResumableAudioSource>();
+  private static _interruptedSources = new Set<ResumableAudioSource>();
+  private static _foregroundRestoreDelay = 300;
+  private static _foregroundRestoreTimer: number | undefined;
+  private static _hidden = false;
+  private static _eventsBound = false;
 
   /**
    * Suspend the audio context.
    * @returns A promise that resolves when the audio context is suspended
    */
   static suspend(): Promise<void> {
-    return AudioManager._context.suspend();
+    AudioManager._suspendActiveSourcesForInterruption();
+    return AudioManager._context?.suspend() ?? Promise.resolve();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -24,14 +37,48 @@ export class AudioManager {
    * @returns A promise that resolves when the audio context is resumed
    */
   static resume(): Promise<void> {
-    return (AudioManager._resumePromise ??= AudioManager._context
-      .resume()
-      .then(() => {
-        AudioManager._needsUserGestureResume = false;
-      })
-      .finally(() => {
-        AudioManager._resumePromise = null;
-      }));
+    const context = AudioManager._context;
+    if (!context) {
+      return Promise.resolve();
+    }
+    if (context.state === "running") {
+      AudioManager._clearForegroundRestore();
+      AudioManager._needsUserGestureResume = false;
+      AudioManager._resumePendingSources();
+      AudioManager._resumeInterruptedSources();
+      return Promise.resolve();
+    }
+    return context.resume().then(() => {
+      AudioManager._clearForegroundRestore();
+      AudioManager._needsUserGestureResume = false;
+      AudioManager._resumePendingSources();
+      AudioManager._resumeInterruptedSources();
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** @internal */
+  static _registerPendingSource(source: ResumableAudioSource): void {
+    AudioManager._pendingSources.add(source);
+  }
+
+  /** @internal */
+  static _unregisterPendingSource(source: ResumableAudioSource): void {
+    AudioManager._pendingSources.delete(source);
+  }
+
+  /** @internal */
+  static _registerPlayingSource(source: ResumableAudioSource): void {
+    AudioManager._playingSources.add(source);
+  }
+
+  /** @internal */
+  static _unregisterPlayingSource(source: ResumableAudioSource): void {
+    AudioManager._playingSources.delete(source);
+  }
+
+  /** @internal */
+  static _unregisterInterruptedSource(source: ResumableAudioSource): void {
+    AudioManager._interruptedSources.delete(source);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -41,11 +88,12 @@ export class AudioManager {
     let context = AudioManager._context;
     if (!context) {
       AudioManager._context = context = new window.AudioContext();
-      document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", AudioManager._onVisibilityChange);
-      // iOS Safari requires user gesture to resume AudioContext
-      document.addEventListener("touchstart", AudioManager._resumeAfterInterruption, { passive: true });
-      document.addEventListener("touchend", AudioManager._resumeAfterInterruption, { passive: true });
-      document.addEventListener("click", AudioManager._resumeAfterInterruption);
+      context.onstatechange = AudioManager._onContextStateChange;
+      if (!AudioManager._eventsBound) {
+        AudioManager._eventsBound = true;
+        AudioManager._bindLifecycleEvents();
+        AudioManager._bindGestureEvents();
+      }
     }
     return context;
   }
@@ -70,22 +118,153 @@ export class AudioManager {
     return AudioManager.getContext().state === "running";
   }
 
-  private static _onVisibilityChange(): void {
-    if (!document.hidden && AudioManager._playingCount > 0 && !AudioManager.isAudioContextRunning()) {
-      // iOS WKWebView WebKit bug(Triggered in LingGuang App): AudioContext may be in a "zombie" state where
-      // state reports "suspended" but resume() alone won't restart audio rendering.
-      // Calling suspend() first forces a clean internal state reset before user gesture triggers resume.
-      // Related: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=263627
-      AudioManager.suspend();
-      AudioManager._needsUserGestureResume = true;
+  private static _onContextStateChange(): void {
+    if (AudioManager._context?.state === "running") {
+      if (AudioManager._hidden || AudioManager._needsUserGestureResume) {
+        return;
+      }
+      AudioManager._needsUserGestureResume = false;
+      AudioManager._resumePendingSources();
+      AudioManager._resumeInterruptedSources();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static _resumePendingSources(): void {
+    if (!AudioManager._pendingSources.size || !AudioManager.isAudioContextRunning()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const pendingSources = Array.from(AudioManager._pendingSources);
+    AudioManager._pendingSources.clear();
+
+    for (let i = 0, n = pendingSources.length; i < n; i++) {
+      pendingSources[i]._resumePendingPlayback();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static _suspendActiveSourcesForInterruption(): void {
+    if (!AudioManager._playingSources.size) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const playingSources = Array.from(AudioManager._playingSources);
+    for (let i = 0, n = playingSources.length; i < n; i++) {
+      const source = playingSources[i];
+      if (source._suspendPlaybackForInterruption()) {
+        AudioManager._interruptedSources.add(source);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static _resumeInterruptedSources(): void {
+    if (!AudioManager._interruptedSources.size || !AudioManager.isAudioContextRunning()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const interruptedSources = Array.from(AudioManager._interruptedSources);
+    AudioManager._interruptedSources.clear();
+
+    for (let i = 0, n = interruptedSources.length; i < n; i++) {
+      interruptedSources[i]._resumeInterruptedPlayback();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static _bindLifecycleEvents(): void {
+    const hiddenProp = AudioManager._getHiddenProp();
+    const visibilityEvents = [
+      "visibilitychange",
+      "mozvisibilitychange",
+      "msvisibilitychange",
+      "webkitvisibilitychange",
+      "qbrowserVisibilityChange"
+    ];
+
+    for (let i = 0, n = visibilityEvents.length; i < n; i++) {
+      document.addEventListener(visibilityEvents[i], (event) => {
+        const hidden = hiddenProp ? Boolean((document as any)[hiddenProp] || (event as any)?.hidden) : document.hidden;
+        hidden ? AudioManager._onHidden() : AudioManager._onShown();
+      });
+    }
+
+    window.addEventListener("pagehide", AudioManager._onHidden);
+    window.addEventListener("pageshow", AudioManager._onShown);
+    document.addEventListener("pagehide", AudioManager._onHidden);
+    document.addEventListener("pageshow", AudioManager._onShown);
+  }
+
+  private static _bindGestureEvents(): void {
+    const gestureEvents = ["pointerdown", "pointerup", "touchstart", "touchend", "mouseup", "click"];
+    for (let i = 0, n = gestureEvents.length; i < n; i++) {
+      document.addEventListener(gestureEvents[i], AudioManager._resumeAfterInterruption, { passive: true });
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static _getHiddenProp(): string {
+    const doc = document as any;
+    if (typeof doc.hidden !== "undefined") return "hidden";
+    if (typeof doc.mozHidden !== "undefined") return "mozHidden";
+    if (typeof doc.msHidden !== "undefined") return "msHidden";
+    if (typeof doc.webkitHidden !== "undefined") return "webkitHidden";
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  private static _hasResumeWork(): boolean {
+    return (
+      AudioManager._needsUserGestureResume ||
+      AudioManager._pendingSources.size > 0 ||
+      AudioManager._interruptedSources.size > 0
+    );
+  }
+
+  private static _onHidden(): void {
+    if (AudioManager._hidden) {
+      return;
+    }
+    AudioManager._hidden = true;
+    AudioManager._clearForegroundRestore();
+    AudioManager.suspend().catch(() => {});
+  }
+
+  private static _onShown(): void {
+    if (!AudioManager._hidden) {
+      return;
+    }
+    AudioManager._hidden = false;
+
+    if (AudioManager._hasResumeWork()) {
+      AudioManager._prepareGestureResume();
+      AudioManager._scheduleForegroundRestore();
     }
   }
 
   private static _resumeAfterInterruption(): void {
-    if (AudioManager._needsUserGestureResume) {
+    if (AudioManager._hasResumeWork()) {
       AudioManager.resume().catch((e) => {
         console.warn("Failed to resume AudioContext:", e);
       });
     }
   }
+
+  private static _scheduleForegroundRestore(): void {
+    AudioManager._clearForegroundRestore();
+    AudioManager._foregroundRestoreTimer = window.setTimeout(() => {
+      AudioManager._foregroundRestoreTimer = undefined;
+      AudioManager.resume().catch(() => AudioManager._prepareGestureResume());
+    }, AudioManager._foregroundRestoreDelay);
+  }
+
+  private static _clearForegroundRestore(): void {
+    if (AudioManager._foregroundRestoreTimer === undefined) {
+      return;
+    }
+    window.clearTimeout(AudioManager._foregroundRestoreTimer);
+    AudioManager._foregroundRestoreTimer = undefined;
+  }
+
+  private static _prepareGestureResume(): Promise<void> {
+    // iOS WKWebView may report a resumable state while rendering is still frozen.
+    // Force a clean context edge, then let a gesture or foreground retry restore sources.
+    AudioManager._needsUserGestureResume = true;
+    return AudioManager.suspend().catch(() => {});
+  }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/audio/AudioSource.ts b/packages/core/src/audio/AudioSource.ts
index 29a3ed8bc1..3dacf53ec3 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/audio/AudioSource.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/audio/AudioSource.ts
@@ -159,27 +159,11 @@ export class AudioSource extends Component {
     if (AudioManager.isAudioContextRunning()) {
       this._startPlayback();
     } else {
-      // iOS Safari requires resume() to be called within the same user gesture callback that triggers playback.
-      // Document-level events won't work - must call resume() directly here in play().
       this._pendingPlay = true;
-      AudioManager.resume().then(
-        () => {
-          // Check if cancelled by stop()/pause()
-          if (!this._pendingPlay) {
-            return;
-          }
-          this._pendingPlay = false;
-          // Check if still valid to play after async resume
-          if (this._destroyed || !this.enabled || !this._clip) {
-            return;
-          }
-          this._startPlayback();
-        },
-        (e) => {
-          this._pendingPlay = false;
-          console.warn("Failed to resume AudioContext:", e);
-        }
-      );
+      AudioManager._registerPendingSource(this);
+      AudioManager.resume().catch((e) => {
+        console.warn("Failed to resume AudioContext:", e);
+      });
     }
   }
 
@@ -187,23 +171,27 @@ export class AudioSource extends Component {
    * Stops playing the clip.
    */
   stop(): void {
-    this._pendingPlay = false;
+    this._cancelPendingPlayback();
+    AudioManager._unregisterInterruptedSource(this);
 
     if (this._isPlaying) {
       this._clearSourceNode();
 
       this._isPlaying = false;
-      this._pausedTime = -1;
-      this._playTime = -1;
       AudioManager._playingCount--;
+      AudioManager._unregisterPlayingSource(this);
     }
+
+    this._pausedTime = -1;
+    this._playTime = -1;
   }
 
   /**
    * Pauses playing the clip.
    */
   pause(): void {
-    this._pendingPlay = false;
+    this._cancelPendingPlayback();
+    AudioManager._unregisterInterruptedSource(this);
 
     if (this._isPlaying) {
       this._clearSourceNode();
@@ -211,6 +199,7 @@ export class AudioSource extends Component {
       this._pausedTime = AudioManager.getContext().currentTime;
       this._isPlaying = false;
       AudioManager._playingCount--;
+      AudioManager._unregisterPlayingSource(this);
     }
   }
 
@@ -250,34 +239,120 @@ export class AudioSource extends Component {
     this.stop();
   }
 
+  /** @internal */
+  _resumePendingPlayback(): void {
+    if (!this._pendingPlay) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this._pendingPlay = false;
+
+    if (this._destroyed || !this.enabled || !this._clip?._getAudioSource()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this._startPlayback();
+  }
+
+  /** @internal */
+  _suspendPlaybackForInterruption(): boolean {
+    if (!this._isPlaying) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const pausedTime = AudioManager.getContext().currentTime;
+    this._clearSourceNode();
+
+    this._pausedTime = pausedTime;
+    this._isPlaying = false;
+    AudioManager._playingCount--;
+    AudioManager._unregisterPlayingSource(this);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** @internal */
+  _resumeInterruptedPlayback(): void {
+    if (
+      this._destroyed ||
+      !this.enabled ||
+      this._isPlaying ||
+      this._pendingPlay ||
+      !this._clip?._getAudioSource() ||
+      this._playTime < 0
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (AudioManager.isAudioContextRunning()) {
+      this._startPlayback();
+    } else {
+      this._pendingPlay = true;
+      AudioManager._registerPendingSource(this);
+    }
+  }
+
   private _startPlayback(): void {
     const startTime = this._pausedTime > 0 ? this._pausedTime - this._playTime : 0;
-    this._initSourceNode(startTime);
+    if (!this._initSourceNode(startTime)) {
+      this._pausedTime = -1;
+      this._playTime = -1;
+      return;
+    }
 
     this._playTime = AudioManager.getContext().currentTime - startTime;
     this._pausedTime = -1;
     this._isPlaying = true;
     AudioManager._playingCount++;
+    AudioManager._registerPlayingSource(this);
   }
 
-  private _initSourceNode(startTime: number): void {
+  private _initSourceNode(startTime: number): boolean {
     const context = AudioManager.getContext();
     const sourceNode = context.createBufferSource();
+    const audioBuffer = this._clip._getAudioSource();
+    const duration = audioBuffer.duration;
+    let offset = Math.max(0, startTime);
+
+    if (duration > 0) {
+      if (this._loop) {
+        offset %= duration;
+      } else if (offset >= duration) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
 
-    sourceNode.buffer = this._clip._getAudioSource();
+    sourceNode.buffer = audioBuffer;
     sourceNode.playbackRate.value = this._playbackRate;
     sourceNode.loop = this._loop;
     sourceNode.onended = this._onPlayEnd;
     this._sourceNode = sourceNode;
 
     sourceNode.connect(this._gainNode);
-    sourceNode.start(0, startTime);
+    sourceNode.start(0, offset);
+    return true;
   }
 
   private _clearSourceNode(): void {
-    this._sourceNode.stop();
-    this._sourceNode.disconnect();
-    this._sourceNode.onended = null;
+    const sourceNode = this._sourceNode;
+    if (!sourceNode) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    sourceNode.onended = null;
+    try {
+      sourceNode.stop();
+    } catch {}
+    sourceNode.disconnect();
     this._sourceNode = null;
   }
+
+  private _cancelPendingPlayback(): void {
+    if (!this._pendingPlay) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this._pendingPlay = false;
+    AudioManager._unregisterPendingSource(this);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/clone/CloneManager.ts b/packages/core/src/clone/CloneManager.ts
index be46462982..b6f94ce248 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/clone/CloneManager.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/clone/CloneManager.ts
@@ -105,21 +105,46 @@ export class CloneManager {
   ): void {
     const sourceProperty = source[k];
 
-    // Remappable references (Entity/Component) are always remapped, regardless of clone decorator
+    // 1. Remappable references (Entity/Component) are always remapped, highest priority
     if (sourceProperty instanceof Object && (<ICustomClone>sourceProperty)._remap) {
       target[k] = (<ICustomClone>sourceProperty)._remap(srcRoot, targetRoot);
       return;
     }
 
+    // 2. Explicit ignore
     if (cloneMode === CloneMode.Ignore) return;
 
-    // Primitives, undecorated, or @assignmentClone: direct assign
-    if (!(sourceProperty instanceof Object) || cloneMode === undefined || cloneMode === CloneMode.Assignment) {
+    // 3. Primitives / null / undefined - direct assign
+    if (!(sourceProperty instanceof Object)) {
       target[k] = sourceProperty;
       return;
     }
 
-    // @shallowClone / @deepClone: deep copy complex objects
+    // 4. Determine effective clone mode
+    let effectiveCloneMode: CloneMode = cloneMode;
+    if (effectiveCloneMode === undefined) {
+      // Undecorated: infer from runtime type
+      effectiveCloneMode = CloneManager._inferCloneMode(sourceProperty, target[k]);
+    } else if (effectiveCloneMode !== CloneMode.Assignment) {
+      // Decorated Shallow/Deep: upgrade to Deep if target already has independent same-type instance.
+      // Assignment is never upgraded — it means the user explicitly wants a reference copy.
+      const targetProperty = target[k];
+      if (
+        targetProperty &&
+        targetProperty !== sourceProperty &&
+        targetProperty.constructor === sourceProperty.constructor
+      ) {
+        effectiveCloneMode = CloneMode.Deep;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 5. Assignment - direct reference copy
+    if (effectiveCloneMode === CloneMode.Assignment) {
+      target[k] = sourceProperty;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // 6. Shallow/Deep clone for complex types
     const type = sourceProperty.constructor;
     switch (type) {
       case Uint8Array:
@@ -137,6 +162,37 @@ export class CloneManager {
           targetPropertyT.set(<TypedArray>sourceProperty);
         }
         break;
+      case Map:
+        let targetPropertyM = <Map<any, any>>target[k];
+        if (targetPropertyM == null) {
+          target[k] = targetPropertyM = new Map<any, any>();
+        } else {
+          targetPropertyM.clear();
+        }
+        (<Map<any, any>>sourceProperty).forEach((value, key) => {
+          if (key instanceof Object && (<ICustomClone>key)._remap) {
+            key = (<ICustomClone>key)._remap(srcRoot, targetRoot);
+          }
+          if (value instanceof Object && (<ICustomClone>value)._remap) {
+            value = (<ICustomClone>value)._remap(srcRoot, targetRoot);
+          }
+          targetPropertyM.set(key, value);
+        });
+        break;
+      case Set:
+        let targetPropertyS = <Set<any>>target[k];
+        if (targetPropertyS == null) {
+          target[k] = targetPropertyS = new Set<any>();
+        } else {
+          targetPropertyS.clear();
+        }
+        (<Set<any>>sourceProperty).forEach((value) => {
+          if (value instanceof Object && (<ICustomClone>value)._remap) {
+            value = (<ICustomClone>value)._remap(srcRoot, targetRoot);
+          }
+          targetPropertyS.add(value);
+        });
+        break;
       case Array:
         let targetPropertyA = <Array<any>>target[k];
         const length = (<Array<any>>sourceProperty).length;
@@ -150,7 +206,7 @@ export class CloneManager {
             <Array<any>>sourceProperty,
             targetPropertyA,
             i,
-            cloneMode,
+            cloneMode, // Pass original mode: decorated → children inherit, undecorated → children infer independently
             srcRoot,
             targetRoot,
             deepInstanceMap
@@ -158,25 +214,27 @@ export class CloneManager {
         }
         break;
       default:
-        let targetProperty = <Object>target[k];
-        // If the target property is undefined, create new instance and keep reference sharing like the source
-        if (!targetProperty) {
-          targetProperty = deepInstanceMap.get(sourceProperty);
-          if (!targetProperty) {
-            targetProperty = new sourceProperty.constructor();
-            deepInstanceMap.set(sourceProperty, targetProperty);
-          }
-          target[k] = targetProperty;
+        // Check if we've already visited this source object (cycle detection)
+        if (deepInstanceMap.has(sourceProperty)) {
+          target[k] = deepInstanceMap.get(sourceProperty);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        let targetPropertyD = <Object>target[k];
+        if (!targetPropertyD) {
+          targetPropertyD = new sourceProperty.constructor();
+          target[k] = targetPropertyD;
         }
+        deepInstanceMap.set(sourceProperty, targetPropertyD);
 
         if ((<ICustomClone>sourceProperty).copyFrom) {
-          (<ICustomClone>targetProperty).copyFrom(<ICustomClone>sourceProperty);
+          (<ICustomClone>targetPropertyD).copyFrom(<ICustomClone>sourceProperty);
         } else {
           const cloneModes = CloneManager.getCloneMode(sourceProperty.constructor);
           for (let k in sourceProperty) {
             CloneManager.cloneProperty(
               <Object>sourceProperty,
-              targetProperty,
+              targetPropertyD,
               k,
               cloneModes[k],
               srcRoot,
@@ -184,12 +242,46 @@ export class CloneManager {
               deepInstanceMap
             );
           }
-          (<ICustomClone>sourceProperty)._cloneTo?.(<ICustomClone>targetProperty, srcRoot, targetRoot);
+          (<ICustomClone>sourceProperty)._cloneTo?.(<ICustomClone>targetPropertyD, srcRoot, targetRoot);
         }
         break;
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Infer the appropriate clone mode for an undecorated property based on its runtime type.
+   * This enables user custom scripts to get correct clone behavior without decorators.
+   */
+  private static _inferCloneMode(sourceProperty: Object, targetProperty: any): CloneMode {
+    // If target already has an independent instance of the same type,
+    // deep clone to preserve isolation (e.g., constructor-created objects)
+    if (
+      targetProperty &&
+      targetProperty !== sourceProperty &&
+      targetProperty.constructor === sourceProperty.constructor
+    ) {
+      return CloneMode.Deep;
+    }
+
+    // Arrays need recursive processing (may contain Entity/Component refs)
+    if (Array.isArray(sourceProperty)) return CloneMode.Deep;
+
+    // TypedArrays - copy data
+    if (ArrayBuffer.isView(sourceProperty)) return CloneMode.Deep;
+
+    // Maps and Sets - create independent copies
+    if (sourceProperty instanceof Map || sourceProperty instanceof Set) return CloneMode.Deep;
+
+    // Value types with copyFrom (math types like Vector3, Color, etc.)
+    if ((<ICustomClone>sourceProperty).copyFrom) return CloneMode.Deep;
+
+    // Plain objects - deep clone (may contain Entity/Component refs)
+    if (sourceProperty.constructor === Object) return CloneMode.Deep;
+
+    // Other class instances (engine resources like Material, Texture) - shared reference
+    return CloneMode.Assignment;
+  }
+
   static deepCloneObject(source: Object, target: Object, deepInstanceMap: Map<Object, Object>): void {
     for (let k in source) {
       CloneManager.cloneProperty(source, target, k, CloneMode.Deep, null, null, deepInstanceMap);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/graphic/TransformFeedbackShader.ts b/packages/core/src/graphic/TransformFeedbackShader.ts
index c200e41597..64ffd7d114 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/graphic/TransformFeedbackShader.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/graphic/TransformFeedbackShader.ts
@@ -28,16 +28,17 @@ export class TransformFeedbackShader {
    * Get or compile a shader program for the given engine and macro combination.
    */
   getProgram(engine: Engine, macroCollection: ShaderMacroCollection): ShaderProgram | null {
-    const pool = engine._getShaderProgramPool(this._id);
+    const map = engine._getShaderProgramMap(this._id);
 
-    let program = pool.get(macroCollection);
+    let program = map.get(macroCollection);
     if (program) return program;
 
     const { vertexSource, fragmentSource } = ShaderFactory.compilePlatformSource(
       engine,
       macroCollection,
       this.vertexSource,
-      this.fragmentSource
+      this.fragmentSource,
+      false
     );
 
     program = new ShaderProgram(engine, vertexSource, fragmentSource, this.feedbackVaryings);
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ export class TransformFeedbackShader {
       return null;
     }
 
-    pool.cache(program);
+    map.cache(program);
     return program;
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/graphic/enums/BufferBindFlag.ts b/packages/core/src/graphic/enums/BufferBindFlag.ts
index 152b9d2e54..4616d1eaff 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/graphic/enums/BufferBindFlag.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/graphic/enums/BufferBindFlag.ts
@@ -5,5 +5,7 @@ export enum BufferBindFlag {
   /** Vertex buffer binding flag. */
   VertexBuffer,
   /** Index buffer binding flag. */
-  IndexBuffer
+  IndexBuffer,
+  /** Constant buffer binding flag (WebGL2 only). */
+  ConstantBuffer
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/input/pointer/Pointer.ts b/packages/core/src/input/pointer/Pointer.ts
index a7412bc2ed..bb0d9fb904 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/input/pointer/Pointer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/input/pointer/Pointer.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ export class Pointer {
   pressedButtons: PointerButton;
   /** The position of the pointer in screen space pixel coordinates. */
   position: Vector2 = new Vector2();
+  /** The position of the pointer when it was last pressed down (in screen space pixel coordinates). */
+  pressedPosition: Vector2 = new Vector2();
   /** The change of the pointer. */
   deltaPosition: Vector2 = new Vector2();
   /** @internal */
diff --git a/packages/core/src/input/pointer/PointerEventData.ts b/packages/core/src/input/pointer/PointerEventData.ts
index 89f9ae09b6..33dc41b001 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/input/pointer/PointerEventData.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/input/pointer/PointerEventData.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { Entity } from "../../Entity";
 import { IPoolElement } from "../../utils/ObjectPool";
 import { Pointer } from "./Pointer";
 
@@ -10,11 +11,17 @@ export class PointerEventData implements IPoolElement {
   pointer: Pointer;
   /** The position of the event trigger (in world space). */
   worldPosition: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+  /** The hit-tested target entity (deepest entity on the bubble path). */
+  target: Entity = null;
+  /** The entity currently handling the event (same as target on non-bubbling fire, varies on bubble). */
+  currentTarget: Entity = null;
 
   /**
    * @internal
    */
   dispose() {
     this.pointer = null;
+    this.target = null;
+    this.currentTarget = null;
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/input/pointer/PointerManager.ts b/packages/core/src/input/pointer/PointerManager.ts
index fc6d8a2010..83b2310c83 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/input/pointer/PointerManager.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/input/pointer/PointerManager.ts
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@ export class PointerManager implements IInput {
             pointer._downMap[button] = frameCount;
             pointer._frameEvents |= PointerEventType.Down;
             pointer.phase = PointerPhase.Down;
+            pointer.pressedPosition.copyFrom(pointer.position);
             break;
           }
           case "pointerup": {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/input/pointer/emitter/PhysicsPointerEventEmitter.ts b/packages/core/src/input/pointer/emitter/PhysicsPointerEventEmitter.ts
index 5778f924a9..5cfc2ec8cd 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/input/pointer/emitter/PhysicsPointerEventEmitter.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/input/pointer/emitter/PhysicsPointerEventEmitter.ts
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ export class PhysicsPointerEventEmitter extends PointerEventEmitter {
 
   override processDrag(pointer: Pointer): void {
     const entity = this._draggedEntity;
-    entity && this._fireDrag(entity, this._createEventData(pointer));
+    entity && this._fireDrag(entity, this._createEventData(pointer, entity, entity));
   }
 
   override processDown(pointer: Pointer): void {
     const entity = (this._pressedEntity = this._draggedEntity = this._enteredEntity);
     if (entity) {
-      const eventData = this._createEventData(pointer);
+      const eventData = this._createEventData(pointer, entity, entity);
       this._fireDown(entity, eventData);
       this._fireBeginDrag(entity, eventData);
     }
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ export class PhysicsPointerEventEmitter extends PointerEventEmitter {
     const { _enteredEntity: enteredEntity, _draggedEntity: draggedEntity } = this;
     if (enteredEntity) {
       const sameTarget = this._pressedEntity === enteredEntity;
-      const eventData = this._createEventData(pointer);
+      const eventData = this._createEventData(pointer, enteredEntity, enteredEntity);
       this._fireUp(enteredEntity, eventData);
       sameTarget && this._fireClick(enteredEntity, eventData);
       this._fireDrop(enteredEntity, eventData);
     }
     this._pressedEntity = null;
     if (draggedEntity) {
-      this._fireEndDrag(draggedEntity, this._createEventData(pointer));
+      this._fireEndDrag(draggedEntity, this._createEventData(pointer, draggedEntity, draggedEntity));
       this._draggedEntity = null;
     }
   }
@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ export class PhysicsPointerEventEmitter extends PointerEventEmitter {
   override processLeave(pointer: Pointer): void {
     const enteredEntity = this._enteredEntity;
     if (enteredEntity) {
-      this._fireExit(enteredEntity, this._createEventData(pointer));
+      this._fireExit(enteredEntity, this._createEventData(pointer, enteredEntity, enteredEntity));
       this._enteredEntity = null;
     }
 
     const draggedEntity = this._draggedEntity;
     if (draggedEntity) {
-      this._fireEndDrag(draggedEntity, this._createEventData(pointer));
+      this._fireEndDrag(draggedEntity, this._createEventData(pointer, draggedEntity, draggedEntity));
       this._draggedEntity = null;
     }
     this._pressedEntity = null;
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ export class PhysicsPointerEventEmitter extends PointerEventEmitter {
     const enteredEntity = this._enteredEntity;
     if (entity !== enteredEntity) {
       if (enteredEntity) {
-        this._fireExit(enteredEntity, this._createEventData(pointer));
+        this._fireExit(enteredEntity, this._createEventData(pointer, enteredEntity, enteredEntity));
       }
       if (entity) {
-        this._fireEnter(entity, this._createEventData(pointer));
+        this._fireEnter(entity, this._createEventData(pointer, entity, entity));
       }
       this._enteredEntity = entity;
     }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/input/pointer/emitter/PointerEventEmitter.ts b/packages/core/src/input/pointer/emitter/PointerEventEmitter.ts
index 6f6c62cdfb..98188891e6 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/input/pointer/emitter/PointerEventEmitter.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/input/pointer/emitter/PointerEventEmitter.ts
@@ -32,10 +32,12 @@ export abstract class PointerEventEmitter {
 
   protected abstract _init(): void;
 
-  protected _createEventData(pointer: Pointer): PointerEventData {
+  protected _createEventData(pointer: Pointer, target: Entity, currentTarget: Entity = target): PointerEventData {
     const data = this._pool.get();
     data.pointer = pointer;
     data.worldPosition.copyFrom(this._hitResult.point);
+    data.target = target;
+    data.currentTarget = currentTarget;
     return data;
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/mesh/MeshRenderer.ts b/packages/core/src/mesh/MeshRenderer.ts
index e08e51ac4c..7eaf45be7b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/mesh/MeshRenderer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/mesh/MeshRenderer.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { BoundingBox } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { Entity } from "../Entity";
 import { RenderContext } from "../RenderPipeline/RenderContext";
+import { RenderElement } from "../RenderPipeline/RenderElement";
 import { Renderer, RendererUpdateFlags } from "../Renderer";
 import { Logger } from "../base/Logger";
 import { ignoreClone } from "../clone/CloneManager";
@@ -151,9 +152,10 @@ export class MeshRenderer extends Renderer {
 
     const { _materials: materials, _engine: engine } = this;
     const subMeshes = mesh.subMeshes;
-    const renderElement = engine._renderElementPool.get();
-    renderElement.set(this.priority, this._distanceForSort);
-    const subRenderElementPool = engine._subRenderElementPool;
+    const priority = this.priority;
+    const distanceForSort = this._distanceForSort;
+    const renderElementPool = engine._renderElementPool;
+    const renderPipeline = context.camera._renderPipeline;
     for (let i = 0, n = subMeshes.length; i < n; i++) {
       let material = materials[i];
       if (!material) {
@@ -163,11 +165,38 @@ export class MeshRenderer extends Renderer {
         material = this.engine._basicResources.meshMagentaMaterial;
       }
 
-      const subRenderElement = subRenderElementPool.get();
-      subRenderElement.set(this, material, mesh._primitive, subMeshes[i]);
-      renderElement.addSubRenderElement(subRenderElement);
+      const renderElement = renderElementPool.get();
+      renderElement.set(this, material, mesh._primitive, subMeshes[i]);
+      renderElement.priority = priority;
+      renderElement.distanceForSort = distanceForSort;
+      renderPipeline.pushRenderElement(context, renderElement);
     }
-    context.camera._renderPipeline.pushRenderElement(context, renderElement);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  override _canBatch(preElement: RenderElement, curElement: RenderElement): boolean {
+    if (!this._engine._hardwareRenderer.isWebGL2) return false;
+    return (
+      preElement.primitive === curElement.primitive &&
+      preElement.subPrimitive === curElement.subPrimitive &&
+      preElement.material === curElement.material &&
+      this._isFrontFaceInvert() === (<MeshRenderer>curElement.component)._isFrontFaceInvert() &&
+      this.shaderData._macroCollection.isEqual(curElement.component.shaderData._macroCollection)
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  override _batch(preElement: RenderElement | null, curElement: RenderElement): void {
+    if (!preElement) return;
+    const renderers = preElement.instancedRenderers;
+    if (renderers.length === 0) {
+      renderers.push(preElement.component);
+    }
+    renderers.push(curElement.component);
   }
 
   private _setMesh(mesh: Mesh): void {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/mesh/ModelMesh.ts b/packages/core/src/mesh/ModelMesh.ts
index 27b92ced49..8ee92c4825 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/mesh/ModelMesh.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/mesh/ModelMesh.ts
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ export class ModelMesh extends Mesh {
       return null;
     }
     if (!buffer.readable) {
-      throw "Not allowed to access data while vertex buffer readable is false.";
+      throw new Error("Not allowed to access data while vertex buffer readable is false.");
     }
 
     const vertexCount = this.vertexCount;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/mesh/Skin.ts b/packages/core/src/mesh/Skin.ts
index 7a9b3444b0..18489805c5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/mesh/Skin.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/mesh/Skin.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export class Skin extends EngineObject {
   inverseBindMatrices = new Array<Matrix>();
 
   /** @internal */
-  @ignoreClone
+  @deepClone
   _skinMatrices: Float32Array;
   /** @internal */
   @ignoreClone
diff --git a/packages/core/src/mesh/SkinnedMeshRenderer.ts b/packages/core/src/mesh/SkinnedMeshRenderer.ts
index d8e83e16bb..4d7f726184 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/mesh/SkinnedMeshRenderer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/mesh/SkinnedMeshRenderer.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { BoundingBox, Vector2 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { Entity } from "../Entity";
 import { RenderContext } from "../RenderPipeline/RenderContext";
+import { RenderElement } from "../RenderPipeline/RenderElement";
 import { RendererUpdateFlags } from "../Renderer";
 import { Logger } from "../base/Logger";
 import { deepClone, ignoreClone } from "../clone/CloneManager";
@@ -120,6 +121,13 @@ export class SkinnedMeshRenderer extends MeshRenderer {
     localBounds.max._onValueChanged = this._onLocalBoundsChanged;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  override _canBatch(_preElement: RenderElement, _curElement: RenderElement): boolean {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   /**
    * @internal
    */
diff --git a/packages/core/src/particle/ParticleGenerator.ts b/packages/core/src/particle/ParticleGenerator.ts
index d180c7f929..ecb488d8bf 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/particle/ParticleGenerator.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/particle/ParticleGenerator.ts
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ export class ParticleGenerator {
   @ignoreClone
   _subPrimitive = new SubMesh(0, 0, MeshTopology.Triangles);
   /** @internal */
+  @ignoreClone
   readonly _renderer: ParticleRenderer;
 
   /** @internal */
@@ -235,6 +236,8 @@ export class ParticleGenerator {
       }
     } else {
       this._isPlaying = false;
+      // Invalidate the rateOverDistance baseline so emitter movement during the stop
+      // interval doesn't burst on resume.
       if (stopMode === ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear) {
         this._clearActiveParticles();
         this._playTime = 0;
@@ -242,6 +245,8 @@ export class ParticleGenerator {
         this._firstActiveTransformedBoundingBox = this._firstFreeTransformedBoundingBox;
 
         this.emission._reset();
+      } else {
+        this.emission._invalidateDistanceBaseline();
       }
     }
   }
@@ -257,37 +262,41 @@ export class ParticleGenerator {
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  _emit(playTime: number, count: number): void {
-    const { emission } = this;
-    if (emission.enabled) {
-      const { main } = this;
-      // Wait the existing particles to be retired
-      const notRetireParticleCount = this._getNotRetiredParticleCount();
-      if (notRetireParticleCount >= main.maxParticles) {
-        return;
-      }
-      const position = ParticleGenerator._tempVector30;
-      const direction = ParticleGenerator._tempVector31;
-      const transform = this._renderer.entity.transform;
-      const shape = emission.shape;
-      const positionScale = main._getPositionScale();
-      for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        if (shape?.enabled) {
-          shape._generatePositionAndDirection(emission._shapeRand, playTime, position, direction);
-          position.multiply(positionScale);
-          direction.normalize().multiply(positionScale);
-        } else {
-          position.set(0, 0, 0);
-          direction.set(0, 0, -1);
-          // Speed is scaled by shape scale in world simulation space
-          // So if no shape and in world simulation space, we shouldn't scale the speed
-          if (main.simulationSpace === ParticleSimulationSpace.Local) {
-            direction.multiply(positionScale);
-          }
+  _emit(playTime: number, count: number, emitWorldPositionOverride?: Vector3): number {
+    const { emission, main } = this;
+    if (!emission.enabled) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    const budget = main.maxParticles - this._getNotRetiredParticleCount();
+    if (count > budget) {
+      count = budget;
+    }
+    if (count <= 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    const position = ParticleGenerator._tempVector30;
+    const direction = ParticleGenerator._tempVector31;
+    const transform = this._renderer.entity.transform;
+    const shape = emission.shape;
+    const positionScale = main._getPositionScale();
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      if (shape?.enabled) {
+        shape._generatePositionAndDirection(emission._shapeRand, playTime, position, direction);
+        position.multiply(positionScale);
+        direction.normalize().multiply(positionScale);
+      } else {
+        position.set(0, 0, 0);
+        direction.set(0, 0, -1);
+        // Speed is scaled by shape scale in world simulation space
+        // So if no shape and in world simulation space, we shouldn't scale the speed
+        if (main.simulationSpace === ParticleSimulationSpace.Local) {
+          direction.multiply(positionScale);
         }
-        this._addNewParticle(position, direction, transform, playTime);
       }
+      this._addNewParticle(position, direction, transform, playTime, emitWorldPositionOverride);
     }
+    return count;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -831,7 +840,13 @@ export class ParticleGenerator {
     }
   }
 
-  private _addNewParticle(position: Vector3, direction: Vector3, transform: Transform, playTime: number): void {
+  private _addNewParticle(
+    position: Vector3,
+    direction: Vector3,
+    transform: Transform,
+    playTime: number,
+    emitWorldPositionOverride?: Vector3
+  ): void {
     const firstFreeElement = this._firstFreeElement;
     let nextFreeElement = firstFreeElement + 1;
     if (nextFreeElement >= this._currentParticleCount) {
@@ -863,7 +878,7 @@ export class ParticleGenerator {
 
     let pos: Vector3, rot: Quaternion;
     if (main.simulationSpace === ParticleSimulationSpace.World) {
-      pos = transform.worldPosition;
+      pos = emitWorldPositionOverride ?? transform.worldPosition;
       rot = transform.worldRotationQuaternion;
     }
 
@@ -1022,7 +1037,7 @@ export class ParticleGenerator {
 
     // Initialize feedback buffer for this particle
     if (this._useTransformFeedback) {
-      this._addFeedbackParticle(firstFreeElement, position, direction, startSpeed, transform);
+      this._addFeedbackParticle(firstFreeElement, position, direction, startSpeed, transform, pos);
     }
 
     this._firstFreeElement = nextFreeElement;
@@ -1033,7 +1048,8 @@ export class ParticleGenerator {
     shapePosition: Vector3,
     direction: Vector3,
     startSpeed: number,
-    transform: Transform
+    transform: Transform,
+    emitWorldPosition?: Vector3
   ): void {
     let position: Vector3;
     if (this.main.simulationSpace === ParticleSimulationSpace.Local) {
@@ -1041,7 +1057,7 @@ export class ParticleGenerator {
     } else {
       position = ParticleGenerator._tempVector32;
       Vector3.transformByQuat(shapePosition, transform.worldRotationQuaternion, position);
-      position.add(transform.worldPosition);
+      position.add(emitWorldPosition ?? transform.worldPosition);
     }
 
     this._feedbackSimulator.writeParticleData(
diff --git a/packages/core/src/particle/ParticleRenderer.ts b/packages/core/src/particle/ParticleRenderer.ts
index 633e166989..ed6e4a7275 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/particle/ParticleRenderer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/particle/ParticleRenderer.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { Renderer, RendererUpdateFlags } from "../Renderer";
 import { TransformModifyFlags } from "../Transform";
 import { GLCapabilityType } from "../base/Constant";
 import { Logger } from "../base/Logger";
-import { deepClone, ignoreClone, shallowClone } from "../clone/CloneManager";
+import { assignmentClone, deepClone, ignoreClone, shallowClone } from "../clone/CloneManager";
 import { ModelMesh } from "../mesh/ModelMesh";
 import { ShaderMacro } from "../shader/ShaderMacro";
 import { ShaderProperty } from "../shader/ShaderProperty";
@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ export class ParticleRenderer extends Renderer {
   @ignoreClone
   _transformedBounds = new BoundingBox();
 
+  @assignmentClone
   private _renderMode: ParticleRenderMode;
+  @assignmentClone
   private _currentRenderModeMacro: ShaderMacro;
   private _mesh: ModelMesh;
   private _supportInstancedArrays: boolean;
@@ -174,9 +176,9 @@ export class ParticleRenderer extends Renderer {
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  override _updateTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean, batched: boolean): void {
+  override _updateTransformShaderData(context: RenderContext, onlyMVP: boolean): void {
     //@todo: Don't need to update transform shader data, temp solution
-    super._updateTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP, true);
+    this._updateWorldSpaceTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP);
   }
   protected override _updateBounds(worldBounds: BoundingBox): void {
     const { generator } = this;
@@ -251,13 +253,29 @@ export class ParticleRenderer extends Renderer {
 
     const engine = this._engine;
     const renderElement = engine._renderElementPool.get();
-    renderElement.set(this.priority, this._distanceForSort);
-    const subRenderElement = engine._subRenderElementPool.get();
-    subRenderElement.set(this, material, generator._primitive, generator._subPrimitive);
-    renderElement.addSubRenderElement(subRenderElement);
+    renderElement.set(this, material, generator._primitive, generator._subPrimitive);
+    renderElement.priority = this.priority;
+    renderElement.distanceForSort = this._distanceForSort;
     context.camera._renderPipeline.pushRenderElement(context, renderElement);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  override _cloneTo(target: ParticleRenderer): void {
+    super._cloneTo(target);
+
+    // ShaderData internals (_macroCollection, _propertyValueMap) are @ignoreClone,
+    // so the cloned shaderData only has the constructor-set Billboard macro.
+    // Must re-apply the source's shaderData state.
+    this.shaderData.cloneTo(target.shaderData);
+
+    // Rebuild GPU resources to match cloned renderMode/mesh/maxParticles.
+    const gen = target.generator;
+    gen._reorganizeGeometryBuffers();
+    gen._resizeInstanceBuffer(true, gen.main.maxParticles);
+  }
+
   protected override _onDestroy(): void {
     const mesh = this._mesh;
     if (mesh) {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/particle/modules/EmissionModule.ts b/packages/core/src/particle/modules/EmissionModule.ts
index 108832c38c..292205f0f1 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/particle/modules/EmissionModule.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/particle/modules/EmissionModule.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import { Rand } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { MathUtil, Rand, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { deepClone, ignoreClone } from "../../clone/CloneManager";
 import { ShaderMacro } from "../../shader/ShaderMacro";
 import { ParticleRandomSubSeeds } from "../enums/ParticleRandomSubSeeds";
+import { ParticleSimulationSpace } from "../enums/ParticleSimulationSpace";
 import { Burst } from "./Burst";
 import { ParticleCompositeCurve } from "./ParticleCompositeCurve";
 import { ParticleGeneratorModule } from "./ParticleGeneratorModule";
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ export class EmissionModule extends ParticleGeneratorModule {
   /** @internal */
   static readonly _emissionShapeMacro = ShaderMacro.getByName("RENDERER_EMISSION_SHAPE");
 
+  private static _tempEmitPosition = new Vector3();
+
   /**  The rate of particle emission. */
   @deepClone
   rateOverTime: ParticleCompositeCurve = new ParticleCompositeCurve(10);
@@ -29,6 +32,13 @@ export class EmissionModule extends ParticleGeneratorModule {
   /** @internal */
   _frameRateTime: number = 0;
 
+  @ignoreClone
+  private _distanceAccumulator = 0;
+  @ignoreClone
+  private _lastEmitPosition = new Vector3();
+  @ignoreClone
+  private _hasLastEmitPosition = false;
+
   @deepClone
   private _bursts: Burst[] = [];
 
@@ -130,6 +140,7 @@ export class EmissionModule extends ParticleGeneratorModule {
    */
   _emit(lastPlayTime: number, playTime: number): void {
     this._emitByRateOverTime(playTime);
+    this._emitByRateOverDistance(lastPlayTime, playTime);
     this._emitByBurst(lastPlayTime, playTime);
   }
 
@@ -147,6 +158,15 @@ export class EmissionModule extends ParticleGeneratorModule {
   _reset(): void {
     this._frameRateTime = 0;
     this._currentBurstIndex = 0;
+    this._invalidateDistanceBaseline();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _invalidateDistanceBaseline(): void {
+    this._hasLastEmitPosition = false;
+    this._distanceAccumulator = 0;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -171,6 +191,65 @@ export class EmissionModule extends ParticleGeneratorModule {
     }
   }
 
+  private _emitByRateOverDistance(lastPlayTime: number, playTime: number): void {
+    const ratePerUnit = this.rateOverDistance.evaluate(undefined, undefined);
+    const generator = this._generator;
+
+    if (ratePerUnit <= 0) {
+      this._invalidateDistanceBaseline();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!this._hasLastEmitPosition) {
+      this._lastEmitPosition.copyFrom(generator._renderer.entity.transform.worldPosition);
+      this._hasLastEmitPosition = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const lastPos = this._lastEmitPosition;
+    const currentPos = generator._renderer.entity.transform.worldPosition;
+    const dx = currentPos.x - lastPos.x;
+    const dy = currentPos.y - lastPos.y;
+    const dz = currentPos.z - lastPos.z;
+    const moveLength = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
+    this._distanceAccumulator += moveLength;
+
+    const emitInterval = 1.0 / ratePerUnit;
+    // `+ zeroTolerance` absorbs float divide error so an exact `N*interval` accumulator doesn't drop 1
+    const count = Math.floor(this._distanceAccumulator / emitInterval + MathUtil.zeroTolerance);
+
+    if (count > 0) {
+      this._distanceAccumulator -= count * emitInterval;
+      // `subFrameAge ∈ [0, 1]`: how far back into the frame a particle was born
+      // (0 = newest at currentPos/playTime, 1 = oldest at lastPos/lastPlayTime).
+      // The initial clamp protects two edges — moveLength ≈ 0 (collapse to frame-end
+      // emit) and a tiny moveLength near the emitInterval edge (would put age > 1).
+      // Local simulation space ignores the position override but still uses emitTime.
+      const isWorld = generator.main.simulationSpace === ParticleSimulationSpace.World;
+      const invMoveLength = moveLength > MathUtil.zeroTolerance ? 1.0 / moveLength : 0;
+      const ageStep = emitInterval * invMoveLength;
+      const dt = playTime - lastPlayTime;
+      let subFrameAge = Math.min(this._distanceAccumulator * invMoveLength, 1.0);
+      const emitPos = EmissionModule._tempEmitPosition;
+      for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        if (isWorld) {
+          emitPos.set(
+            currentPos.x - dx * subFrameAge,
+            currentPos.y - dy * subFrameAge,
+            currentPos.z - dz * subFrameAge
+          );
+        }
+        if (generator._emit(playTime - dt * subFrameAge, 1, isWorld ? emitPos : undefined) === 0) {
+          // Buffer full: settle the frame's distance budget instead of carrying it over
+          this._distanceAccumulator = 0;
+          break;
+        }
+        subFrameAge += ageStep;
+      }
+    }
+
+    lastPos.copyFrom(currentPos);
+  }
+
   private _emitByBurst(lastPlayTime: number, playTime: number): void {
     const main = this._generator.main;
     const duration = main.duration;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/physics/CharacterController.ts b/packages/core/src/physics/CharacterController.ts
index f3c9e6f048..ea6961b70f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/physics/CharacterController.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/physics/CharacterController.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { ICharacterController } from "@galacean/engine-design";
-import { Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { Quaternion, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { Engine } from "../Engine";
 import { Entity } from "../Entity";
 import { Collider } from "./Collider";
@@ -162,6 +162,10 @@ export class CharacterController extends Collider {
     (<ICharacterController>this._nativeCollider).setSlopeLimit(this._slopeLimit);
   }
 
+  protected override _teleportToEntityTransform(worldPosition: Vector3, _worldRotation: Quaternion): void {
+    (<ICharacterController>this._nativeCollider).setWorldPosition(worldPosition);
+  }
+
   private _syncWorldPositionFromPhysicalSpace(): void {
     (<ICharacterController>this._nativeCollider).getWorldPosition(this.entity.transform.worldPosition);
   }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/physics/Collider.ts b/packages/core/src/physics/Collider.ts
index a8a591fe56..5afa164403 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/physics/Collider.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/physics/Collider.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { ICollider, IStaticCollider } from "@galacean/engine-design";
+import { Quaternion, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { BoolUpdateFlag } from "../BoolUpdateFlag";
 import { deepClone, ignoreClone } from "../clone/CloneManager";
 import { ICustomClone } from "../clone/ComponentCloner";
@@ -28,6 +29,16 @@ export class Collider extends Component implements ICustomClone {
   protected _shapes: ColliderShape[] = [];
   protected _collisionLayerIndex: number = 0;
 
+  /**
+   * Disabling a collider only detaches its native actor from the simulation
+   * scene; the actor is not destroyed, so on re-enable it still holds its
+   * pre-disable pose. The first transform sync after (re-)enable must teleport,
+   * never sweep — otherwise a kinematic actor drags across the scene from that
+   * stale pose and fires spurious contacts along the path.
+   */
+  @ignoreClone
+  private _pendingReenterTeleport: boolean = false;
+
   /**
    * The shapes of this collider.
    */
@@ -108,20 +119,29 @@ export class Collider extends Component implements ICustomClone {
    * @internal
    */
   _onUpdate(): void {
-    if (this._updateFlag.flag) {
+    const shapes = this._shapes;
+    if (this._pendingReenterTeleport || this._updateFlag.flag) {
       const { transform } = this.entity;
-      (<IStaticCollider>this._nativeCollider).setWorldTransform(
-        transform.worldPosition,
-        transform.worldRotationQuaternion
-      );
+      if (this._pendingReenterTeleport) {
+        this._teleportToEntityTransform(transform.worldPosition, transform.worldRotationQuaternion);
+        this._pendingReenterTeleport = false;
+      } else {
+        this._syncEntityTransformToNative(transform.worldPosition, transform.worldRotationQuaternion);
+      }
 
       const worldScale = transform.lossyWorldScale;
-      const shapes = this._shapes;
       for (let i = 0, n = shapes.length; i < n; i++) {
         shapes[i]._nativeShape?.setWorldScale(worldScale);
       }
       this._updateFlag.flag = false;
     }
+
+    // Drive per-shape physics update (e.g. MeshColliderShape retries pending
+    // native shape creation when mesh data becomes accessible asynchronously).
+    // No-op for shape types that don't override `_onPhysicsUpdate`.
+    for (let i = 0, n = shapes.length; i < n; i++) {
+      shapes[i]._onPhysicsUpdate();
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -134,6 +154,7 @@ export class Collider extends Component implements ICustomClone {
    */
   override _onEnableInScene(): void {
     this.scene.physics._addCollider(this);
+    this._pendingReenterTeleport = true;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -164,6 +185,32 @@ export class Collider extends Component implements ICustomClone {
       this._addNativeShape(this.shapes[i]);
     }
     this._setCollisionLayer();
+    // Teleport native actor to entity's current world pose.
+    // The native actor was created in constructor() with the entity's then-current
+    // worldPosition/Rotation. On clone, the entity's transform fields are deep-cloned
+    // AFTER the Component (and its native actor) are constructed, so the native actor's
+    // pose lags behind the cloned entity transform until this sync.
+    const { transform } = this.entity;
+    this._teleportToEntityTransform(transform.worldPosition, transform.worldRotationQuaternion);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Teleport native actor to a world pose (instant, no implied velocity).
+   * Used during initialization paths (clone) where the native actor must be re-aligned
+   * with the entity transform after construction-time pose was based on stale defaults.
+   */
+  protected _teleportToEntityTransform(worldPosition: Vector3, worldRotation: Quaternion): void {
+    (<IStaticCollider>this._nativeCollider).setWorldTransform(worldPosition, worldRotation);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sync entity world transform to native actor for per-frame updates.
+   * Default semantics: teleport (setGlobalPose). Subclasses override to express
+   * physics-aware movement (e.g. DynamicCollider routes kinematic actors through
+   * setKinematicTarget to generate contact events on swept motion).
+   */
+  protected _syncEntityTransformToNative(worldPosition: Vector3, worldRotation: Quaternion): void {
+    (<IStaticCollider>this._nativeCollider).setWorldTransform(worldPosition, worldRotation);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/packages/core/src/physics/Collision.ts b/packages/core/src/physics/Collision.ts
index 16edfd5bb3..440864e4fe 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/physics/Collision.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/physics/Collision.ts
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ export class Collision {
    */
   getContacts(outContacts: ContactPoint[]): number {
     const nativeCollision = this._nativeCollision;
-    const smallerShapeId = Math.min(nativeCollision.shape0Id, nativeCollision.shape1Id);
-    const factor = this.shape.id === smallerShapeId ? 1 : -1;
+    const factor = this.shape.id === nativeCollision.shape1Id ? 1 : -1;
     const nativeContactPoints = nativeCollision.getContacts();
     const length = nativeContactPoints.size();
     for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/physics/DynamicCollider.ts b/packages/core/src/physics/DynamicCollider.ts
index 380a3b927f..debf078b14 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/physics/DynamicCollider.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/physics/DynamicCollider.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import { MeshColliderShape } from "./shape/MeshColliderShape";
  */
 export class DynamicCollider extends Collider {
   private static _tempVector3 = new Vector3();
+  private static _tempVector3_1 = new Vector3();
+  private static _tempVector3_2 = new Vector3();
   private static _tempQuat = new Quaternion();
 
   private _linearDamping = 0;
@@ -33,7 +35,9 @@ export class DynamicCollider extends Collider {
   private _isKinematic = false;
   private _constraints: DynamicColliderConstraints = 0;
   private _collisionDetectionMode: CollisionDetectionMode = CollisionDetectionMode.Discrete;
-  private _sleepThreshold = 5e-3;
+  private _kinematicTransformSyncMode: DynamicColliderKinematicTransformSyncMode =
+    DynamicColliderKinematicTransformSyncMode.Target;
+  private _sleepThreshold: number | undefined;
   private _automaticCenterOfMass = true;
   private _automaticInertiaTensor = true;
 
@@ -223,7 +227,7 @@ export class DynamicCollider extends Collider {
    * The mass-normalized energy threshold, below which objects start going to sleep.
    */
   get sleepThreshold(): number {
-    return this._sleepThreshold;
+    return this._sleepThreshold ?? Engine._nativePhysics?.getDefaultSleepThreshold?.() ?? 5e-3;
   }
 
   set sleepThreshold(value: number) {
@@ -325,6 +329,22 @@ export class DynamicCollider extends Collider {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Controls how entity transform changes are synchronized to a kinematic native actor.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * `Target` routes transform changes through {@link move}, so PhysX treats the
+   * actor as moving between frames and can generate swept contacts. `Teleport`
+   * writes the native pose directly and does not imply velocity.
+   */
+  get kinematicTransformSyncMode(): DynamicColliderKinematicTransformSyncMode {
+    return this._kinematicTransformSyncMode;
+  }
+
+  set kinematicTransformSyncMode(value: DynamicColliderKinematicTransformSyncMode) {
+    this._kinematicTransformSyncMode = value;
+  }
+
   /**
    * @internal
    */
@@ -367,6 +387,33 @@ export class DynamicCollider extends Collider {
     this._phasedActiveInScene && (<IDynamicCollider>this._nativeCollider).addTorque(torque);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Apply a force to the DynamicCollider at a given position in world space.
+   * The force generates both linear acceleration through the center of mass and angular
+   * acceleration about it (torque = (position - centerOfMass) × force).
+   * @param force - The force to apply, in world space
+   * @param position - The position where the force is applied, in world space
+   */
+  applyForceAtPosition(force: Vector3, position: Vector3): void {
+    if (!this._phasedActiveInScene) return;
+    const nativeCollider = <IDynamicCollider>this._nativeCollider;
+
+    const localCoM = DynamicCollider._tempVector3;
+    nativeCollider.getCenterOfMass(localCoM);
+
+    const transform = this.entity.transform;
+    const worldCoM = DynamicCollider._tempVector3_1;
+    Vector3.transformByQuat(localCoM, transform.worldRotationQuaternion, worldCoM);
+    worldCoM.add(transform.worldPosition);
+
+    const torque = DynamicCollider._tempVector3_2;
+    Vector3.subtract(position, worldCoM, torque);
+    Vector3.cross(torque, force, torque);
+
+    nativeCollider.addForce(force);
+    nativeCollider.addTorque(torque);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Moves the kinematic collider to the specified position.
    * @remarks Only available when {@link isKinematic} is true.
@@ -433,6 +480,30 @@ export class DynamicCollider extends Collider {
     super.addShape(shape);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Route per-frame entity → native transform sync to the correct physics API based
+   * on kinematic state.
+   *
+   * PhysX 4.x docs (PxRigidDynamic):
+   *   "If you intend to move a kinematic actor with [setGlobalPose] and want
+   *    collision detection, use setKinematicTarget() instead."
+   *
+   * setGlobalPose is a teleport: PhysX skips contact detection between the old
+   * and new pose. setKinematicTarget tells PhysX the actor is animating to the
+   * target during the next simulate(), enabling swept contacts. Some compatibility
+   * layers need transform writes to stay teleport-like, so the sync mode is
+   * explicit while {@link move} always keeps target semantics.
+   *
+   * @internal
+   */
+  protected override _syncEntityTransformToNative(worldPosition: Vector3, worldRotation: Quaternion): void {
+    if (this._isKinematic && this._kinematicTransformSyncMode === DynamicColliderKinematicTransformSyncMode.Target) {
+      (<IDynamicCollider>this._nativeCollider).move(worldPosition, worldRotation);
+    } else {
+      super._syncEntityTransformToNative(worldPosition, worldRotation);
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * @internal
    */
@@ -460,6 +531,7 @@ export class DynamicCollider extends Collider {
     target._angularVelocity.copyFrom(this.angularVelocity);
     target._centerOfMass.copyFrom(this.centerOfMass);
     target._inertiaTensor.copyFrom(this.inertiaTensor);
+    target._kinematicTransformSyncMode = this._kinematicTransformSyncMode;
     super._cloneTo(target);
   }
 
@@ -489,7 +561,9 @@ export class DynamicCollider extends Collider {
     }
     (<IDynamicCollider>this._nativeCollider).setMaxAngularVelocity(this._maxAngularVelocity);
     (<IDynamicCollider>this._nativeCollider).setMaxDepenetrationVelocity(this._maxDepenetrationVelocity);
-    (<IDynamicCollider>this._nativeCollider).setSleepThreshold(this._sleepThreshold);
+    if (this._sleepThreshold !== undefined) {
+      (<IDynamicCollider>this._nativeCollider).setSleepThreshold(this._sleepThreshold);
+    }
     (<IDynamicCollider>this._nativeCollider).setSolverIterations(this._solverIterations);
     (<IDynamicCollider>this._nativeCollider).setUseGravity(this._useGravity);
     (<IDynamicCollider>this._nativeCollider).setIsKinematic(this._isKinematic);
@@ -555,6 +629,16 @@ export enum CollisionDetectionMode {
   ContinuousSpeculative
 }
 
+/**
+ * Kinematic transform synchronization mode.
+ */
+export enum DynamicColliderKinematicTransformSyncMode {
+  /** Synchronize transform changes through PhysX setKinematicTarget. */
+  Target,
+  /** Synchronize transform changes by directly teleporting the native actor. */
+  Teleport
+}
+
 /**
  * Use these flags to constrain motion of dynamic collider.
  */
diff --git a/packages/core/src/physics/PhysicsMaterial.ts b/packages/core/src/physics/PhysicsMaterial.ts
index 3ac16e66d8..aa22bc8c24 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/physics/PhysicsMaterial.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/physics/PhysicsMaterial.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { IPhysicsMaterial } from "@galacean/engine-design";
 import { Engine } from "../Engine";
 import { PhysicsMaterialCombineMode } from "./enums/PhysicsMaterialCombineMode";
+import { ignoreClone } from "../clone/CloneManager";
 
 /**
  * Material class to represent a set of surface properties.
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ export class PhysicsMaterial {
   private _destroyed: boolean;
 
   /** @internal */
+  @ignoreClone
   _nativeMaterial: IPhysicsMaterial;
 
   constructor() {
@@ -21,8 +23,8 @@ export class PhysicsMaterial {
       this._staticFriction,
       this._dynamicFriction,
       this._bounciness,
-      this._bounceCombine,
-      this._frictionCombine
+      this._frictionCombine,
+      this._bounceCombine
     );
   }
 
@@ -103,4 +105,23 @@ export class PhysicsMaterial {
     !this._destroyed && this._nativeMaterial.destroy();
     this._destroyed = true;
   }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _cloneTo(target: PhysicsMaterial): void {
+    target._syncNative();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _syncNative(): void {
+    const nativeMaterial = this._nativeMaterial;
+    nativeMaterial.setStaticFriction(this._staticFriction);
+    nativeMaterial.setDynamicFriction(this._dynamicFriction);
+    nativeMaterial.setBounciness(this._bounciness);
+    nativeMaterial.setFrictionCombine(this._frictionCombine);
+    nativeMaterial.setBounceCombine(this._bounceCombine);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/physics/PhysicsScene.ts b/packages/core/src/physics/PhysicsScene.ts
index b1f96d77dd..ce6bf2e4e8 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/physics/PhysicsScene.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/physics/PhysicsScene.ts
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ export class PhysicsScene {
       if (!shape) {
         return false;
       }
-      return shape.collider.entity.layer & mask && shape.isSceneQuery;
+      return shape.collider.collisionLayer & mask && shape.isSceneQuery;
     };
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/physics/index.ts b/packages/core/src/physics/index.ts
index 537bd367d6..f2d4cdf576 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/physics/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/physics/index.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 export { CharacterController } from "./CharacterController";
 export { Collider } from "./Collider";
-export { CollisionDetectionMode, DynamicCollider, DynamicColliderConstraints } from "./DynamicCollider";
+export {
+  CollisionDetectionMode,
+  DynamicCollider,
+  DynamicColliderConstraints,
+  DynamicColliderKinematicTransformSyncMode
+} from "./DynamicCollider";
 export { HitResult } from "./HitResult";
 export { PhysicsMaterial } from "./PhysicsMaterial";
 export { PhysicsScene } from "./PhysicsScene";
diff --git a/packages/core/src/physics/shape/ColliderShape.ts b/packages/core/src/physics/shape/ColliderShape.ts
index 2ac82319fd..e74736ff64 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/physics/shape/ColliderShape.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/physics/shape/ColliderShape.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export abstract class ColliderShape implements ICustomClone {
   private _rotation: Vector3 = new Vector3();
   @deepClone
   private _position: Vector3 = new Vector3();
-  private _contactOffset: number = 0.02;
+  private _contactOffset: number | undefined;
 
   /**
    * @internal
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ export abstract class ColliderShape implements ICustomClone {
    * @defaultValue 0.02
    */
   get contactOffset(): number {
-    return this._contactOffset;
+    return this._contactOffset ?? Engine._nativePhysics?.getDefaultContactOffset?.() ?? 0.02;
   }
 
   set contactOffset(value: number) {
@@ -168,6 +168,18 @@ export abstract class ColliderShape implements ICustomClone {
     target._syncNative();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   *
+   * Called once per physics update tick by `Collider._onUpdate`. Base no-op.
+   *
+   * Subclasses can override for frame-driven maintenance. Currently used by
+   * `MeshColliderShape` to retry native shape creation when mesh data becomes
+   * accessible later or PhysX cooking previously failed due to transient state
+   * (async resource loading, cook pipeline warmup, etc.).
+   */
+  _onPhysicsUpdate(): void {}
+
   /**
    * @internal
    */
@@ -183,7 +195,9 @@ export abstract class ColliderShape implements ICustomClone {
     if (!this._nativeShape) return;
     this._nativeShape.setPosition(this._position);
     this._nativeShape.setRotation(this._rotation);
-    this._nativeShape.setContactOffset(this._contactOffset);
+    if (this._contactOffset !== undefined) {
+      this._nativeShape.setContactOffset(this._contactOffset);
+    }
     this._nativeShape.setIsTrigger(this._isTrigger);
     this._nativeShape.setMaterial(this._material._nativeMaterial);
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/physics/shape/MeshColliderShape.ts b/packages/core/src/physics/shape/MeshColliderShape.ts
index 51a46ab0e0..83935fe10c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/physics/shape/MeshColliderShape.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/physics/shape/MeshColliderShape.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ export class MeshColliderShape extends ColliderShape {
   private _indices: Uint8Array | Uint16Array | Uint32Array | null = null;
   private _cookingFlags = MeshColliderShapeCookingFlag.Cleaning | MeshColliderShapeCookingFlag.VertexWelding;
   private _isShapeAttached = false;
+  /**
+   * `true` if a native shape creation was attempted but failed (mesh data not yet
+   * accessible, PhysX cooking transient failure, etc.). The `_onPhysicsUpdate` hook
+   * will keep retrying every frame until creation succeeds.
+   */
+  private _pendingNativeShapeCreation = false;
 
   /**
    * Cooking flags for this mesh collider shape.
@@ -74,15 +80,25 @@ export class MeshColliderShape extends ColliderShape {
       this._mesh?._addReferCount(-1);
       value?._addReferCount(1);
       this._mesh = value;
-      if (value && this._extractMeshData(value)) {
-        if (this._nativeShape) {
-          this._updateNativeShapeData();
+      if (value) {
+        if (this._extractMeshData(value)) {
+          if (this._nativeShape) {
+            this._updateNativeShapeData();
+          } else {
+            this._createNativeShape();
+          }
+          // _createNativeShape can fail silently (cookMesh transient failure); mark pending if so
+          this._pendingNativeShapeCreation = !this._nativeShape;
         } else {
-          this._createNativeShape();
+          // Mesh not yet accessible — keep pending so `_onPhysicsUpdate` retries later
+          this._destroyNativeShape();
+          this._clearMeshData();
+          this._pendingNativeShapeCreation = true;
         }
       } else {
         this._destroyNativeShape();
         this._clearMeshData();
+        this._pendingNativeShapeCreation = false;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -197,10 +213,13 @@ export class MeshColliderShape extends ColliderShape {
     );
 
     if (!nativeShape) {
+      // Cook failed — `_onPhysicsUpdate` will retry next frame
+      this._pendingNativeShapeCreation = true;
       return;
     }
 
     this._nativeShape = nativeShape;
+    this._pendingNativeShapeCreation = false;
 
     // Sync base class properties (position, rotation, contactOffset, isTrigger, material)
     super._syncNative();
@@ -211,4 +230,38 @@ export class MeshColliderShape extends ColliderShape {
       this._attachToCollider();
     }
   }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   * Retry hook: keep attempting `_createNativeShape` until it succeeds.
+   *
+   * Triggered every physics update tick by `Collider._onUpdate`. Handles the case
+   * where `_cookMesh` fails on first attempt due to PhysX cooking pipeline timing
+   * (the mesh data was extracted successfully at `set mesh` time, but the native
+   * cook call returned null). No-op once a valid native shape exists.
+   *
+   * We DO NOT re-call `_extractMeshData` here — once `set mesh` finished, either:
+   *   - extraction succeeded → `_positions` is populated and we reuse it
+   *   - extraction failed → `_clearMeshData` cleared `_positions`, and `mesh.accessible`
+   *     won't recover (GPU upload is one-way), so re-extracting would fail again
+   */
+  override _onPhysicsUpdate(): void {
+    if (!this._pendingNativeShapeCreation || !this._mesh || !this._positions) return;
+    this._createNativeShape();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   * After CloneManager deep-copies `_positions` / `_indices` / `_mesh` and remaps `_collider`,
+   * the cloned shape still has no native PhysX shape because `_nativeShape` is `@ignoreClone`.
+   * Cook a fresh native shape now using the already-cloned vertex/index buffers; on transient
+   * cook failure `_createNativeShape` sets `_pendingNativeShapeCreation = true` and
+   * `_onPhysicsUpdate` will retry next tick.
+   */
+  override _cloneTo(target: MeshColliderShape): void {
+    super._cloneTo(target);
+    if (target._positions) {
+      target._createNativeShape();
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shader/Shader.ts b/packages/core/src/shader/Shader.ts
index bbdbc23de4..80de735c90 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shader/Shader.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/shader/Shader.ts
@@ -210,12 +210,12 @@ export class Shader implements IReferable {
         const passes = subShaders[i].passes;
         for (let j = 0, m = passes.length; j < m; j++) {
           const pass = passes[j];
-          const passShaderProgramPools = pass._shaderProgramPools;
-          for (let k = passShaderProgramPools.length - 1; k >= 0; k--) {
-            const shaderProgramPool = passShaderProgramPools[k];
-            if (shaderProgramPool.engine !== engine) continue;
-            shaderProgramPool._destroy();
-            passShaderProgramPools.splice(k, 1);
+          const passShaderProgramMaps = pass._shaderProgramMaps;
+          for (let k = passShaderProgramMaps.length - 1; k >= 0; k--) {
+            const map = passShaderProgramMaps[k];
+            if (map.engine !== engine) continue;
+            map.destroy();
+            passShaderProgramMaps.splice(k, 1);
           }
         }
       }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderBlockProperty.ts b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderBlockProperty.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd47b4cecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderBlockProperty.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+ * @internal
+ * Shader block property, used to identify uniform blocks by id.
+ */
+export class ShaderBlockProperty {
+  private static _counter = 0;
+  private static _nameMap: Record<string, ShaderBlockProperty> = Object.create(null);
+
+  /**
+   * Get shader block property by name.
+   * @param name - Name of the uniform block
+   * @returns Shader block property
+   */
+  static getByName(name: string): ShaderBlockProperty {
+    const nameMap = ShaderBlockProperty._nameMap;
+    return (nameMap[name] ??= new ShaderBlockProperty(name));
+  }
+
+  /** Uniform block name. */
+  readonly name: string;
+  /** @internal */
+  readonly _uniqueId: number;
+
+  private constructor(name: string) {
+    this.name = name;
+    this._uniqueId = ShaderBlockProperty._counter++;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderData.ts b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderData.ts
index 72a2f096f0..f2a8a7ccd5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderData.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderData.ts
@@ -607,7 +607,11 @@ export class ShaderData implements IReferable, IClone {
 
   cloneTo(target: ShaderData): void {
     CloneManager.deepCloneObject(this._macroCollection, target._macroCollection, new Map<Object, Object>());
-    Object.assign(target._macroMap, this._macroMap);
+    const targetMacroMap = target._macroMap;
+    for (const key in targetMacroMap) {
+      delete targetMacroMap[key];
+    }
+    Object.assign(targetMacroMap, this._macroMap);
     const referCount = target._getReferCount();
     const propertyValueMap = this._propertyValueMap;
     const targetPropertyValueMap = target._propertyValueMap;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderMacroCollection.ts b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderMacroCollection.ts
index 749abc22ee..3efb98b77c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderMacroCollection.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderMacroCollection.ts
@@ -158,6 +158,20 @@ export class ShaderMacroCollection {
     return (this._mask[index] & macro._maskValue) !== 0;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Whether this macro collection is equal to another.
+   * @param other - macro collection to compare
+   */
+  isEqual(other: ShaderMacroCollection): boolean {
+    if (this._length !== other._length) return false;
+    const mask = this._mask;
+    const otherMask = other._mask;
+    for (let i = 0, n = this._length; i < n; i++) {
+      if (mask[i] !== otherMask[i]) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Clear this macro collection.
    */
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderPass.ts b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderPass.ts
index 8c11182df7..6dc63f0220 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderPass.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderPass.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 import { Engine } from "../Engine";
+import { InstanceBuffer } from "../RenderPipeline/InstanceBuffer";
 import { PipelineStage } from "../RenderPipeline/enums/PipelineStage";
 import { GLCapabilityType } from "../base/Constant";
-import { ShaderFactory } from "../shaderlib";
+import { ShaderFactory, InstanceBufferLayout } from "../shaderlib/ShaderFactory";
 import { Shader } from "./Shader";
 import { ShaderMacro } from "./ShaderMacro";
 import { ShaderMacroCollection } from "./ShaderMacroCollection";
 import { ShaderPart } from "./ShaderPart";
+import { ShaderProgramMap } from "./ShaderProgramMap";
 import { ShaderProgram } from "./ShaderProgram";
-import { ShaderProgramPool } from "./ShaderProgramPool";
 import { ShaderProperty } from "./ShaderProperty";
 import { ShaderLanguage } from "./enums/ShaderLanguage";
 import { RenderState } from "./state/RenderState";
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ export class ShaderPass extends ShaderPart {
   /** @internal */
   _renderStateDataMap: Record<number, ShaderProperty> = {};
   /** @internal */
-  _shaderProgramPools: ShaderProgramPool[] = [];
+  _shaderProgramMaps: ShaderProgramMap[] = [];
 
   private _vertexSource: string;
   private _fragmentSource: string;
@@ -110,15 +111,15 @@ export class ShaderPass extends ShaderPart {
    * @internal
    */
   _getShaderProgram(engine: Engine, macroCollection: ShaderMacroCollection): ShaderProgram {
-    const shaderProgramPool = engine._getShaderProgramPool(this._shaderPassId, this._shaderProgramPools);
-    let shaderProgram = shaderProgramPool.get(macroCollection);
+    const shaderProgramMap = engine._getShaderProgramMap(this._shaderPassId, this._shaderProgramMaps);
+    let shaderProgram = shaderProgramMap.get(macroCollection);
     if (shaderProgram) {
       return shaderProgram;
     }
 
-    shaderProgram = this._getCanonicalShaderProgram(engine, macroCollection);
+    shaderProgram = this._compileShaderProgram(engine, macroCollection);
 
-    shaderProgramPool.cache(shaderProgram);
+    shaderProgramMap.cache(shaderProgram);
     return shaderProgram;
   }
 
@@ -126,32 +127,46 @@ export class ShaderPass extends ShaderPart {
    * @internal
    */
   _destroy(): void {
-    const shaderProgramPools = this._shaderProgramPools;
-    for (let i = 0, n = shaderProgramPools.length; i < n; i++) {
-      const shaderProgramPool = shaderProgramPools[i];
-      shaderProgramPool._destroy();
-      delete shaderProgramPool.engine._shaderProgramPools[this._shaderPassId];
+    const shaderProgramMaps = this._shaderProgramMaps;
+    for (let i = 0, n = shaderProgramMaps.length; i < n; i++) {
+      const map = shaderProgramMaps[i];
+      map.destroy();
+      delete map.engine._shaderProgramMaps[this._shaderPassId];
     }
-    // Clear array storing multiple engine shader program pools
-    shaderProgramPools.length = 0;
+    shaderProgramMaps.length = 0;
   }
 
-  private _getCanonicalShaderProgram(engine: Engine, macroCollection: ShaderMacroCollection): ShaderProgram {
-    if (this._platformTarget != undefined) {
-      return this._getShaderLabProgram(engine, macroCollection);
-    }
+  private _compileShaderProgram(engine: Engine, macroCollection: ShaderMacroCollection): ShaderProgram {
+    const isGPUInstance = macroCollection.isEnable(InstanceBuffer.gpuInstanceMacro);
+    const { vertexSource, fragmentSource, instanceLayout } =
+      this._platformTarget != undefined
+        ? this._compileShaderLabSource(engine, macroCollection, isGPUInstance)
+        : this._compilePlatformSource(engine, macroCollection, isGPUInstance);
+
+    const program = new ShaderProgram(engine, vertexSource, fragmentSource);
+    program._instanceLayout = instanceLayout;
+    return program;
+  }
 
-    const { vertexSource, fragmentSource } = ShaderFactory.compilePlatformSource(
+  private _compilePlatformSource(
+    engine: Engine,
+    macroCollection: ShaderMacroCollection,
+    isGPUInstance: boolean
+  ): { vertexSource: string; fragmentSource: string; instanceLayout: InstanceBufferLayout | null } {
+    return ShaderFactory.compilePlatformSource(
       engine,
       macroCollection,
       this._vertexSource,
-      this._fragmentSource
+      this._fragmentSource,
+      isGPUInstance
     );
-
-    return new ShaderProgram(engine, vertexSource, fragmentSource);
   }
 
-  private _getShaderLabProgram(engine: Engine, macroCollection: ShaderMacroCollection): ShaderProgram {
+  private _compileShaderLabSource(
+    engine: Engine,
+    macroCollection: ShaderMacroCollection,
+    isGPUInstance: boolean
+  ): { vertexSource: string; fragmentSource: string; instanceLayout: InstanceBufferLayout | null } {
     const isWebGL2: boolean = engine._hardwareRenderer.isWebGL2;
     const shaderMacroList = new Array<ShaderMacro>();
     ShaderMacro._getMacrosElements(macroCollection, shaderMacroList);
@@ -169,6 +184,14 @@ export class ShaderPass extends ShaderPart {
     noIncludeVertex = Shader._shaderLab._parseMacros(noIncludeVertex, shaderMacroList);
     noIncludeFrag = Shader._shaderLab._parseMacros(noIncludeFrag, shaderMacroList);
 
+    let instanceLayout: InstanceBufferLayout | null = null;
+    if (isGPUInstance) {
+      const injected = ShaderFactory.injectInstanceUBO(engine, noIncludeVertex, noIncludeFrag);
+      noIncludeVertex = injected.vertexSource;
+      noIncludeFrag = injected.fragmentSource;
+      instanceLayout = injected.instanceLayout;
+    }
+
     if (isWebGL2 && this._platformTarget === ShaderLanguage.GLSLES100) {
       noIncludeVertex = ShaderFactory.convertTo300(noIncludeVertex);
       noIncludeFrag = ShaderFactory.convertTo300(noIncludeFrag, true);
@@ -176,15 +199,16 @@ export class ShaderPass extends ShaderPart {
 
     const versionStr = isWebGL2 ? "#version 300 es" : "#version 100";
 
-    const vertexSource = ` ${versionStr}
+    return {
+      vertexSource: ` ${versionStr}
         ${noIncludeVertex}
-      `;
-    const fragmentSource = ` ${versionStr}
-        ${isWebGL2 ? "" : ShaderFactory._shaderExtension}
+      `,
+      fragmentSource: ` ${versionStr}
+        ${isWebGL2 ? "" : ShaderFactory.shaderExtension}
         ${precisionStr}
         ${noIncludeFrag}
-      `;
-
-    return new ShaderProgram(engine, vertexSource, fragmentSource);
+      `,
+      instanceLayout
+    };
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderProgram.ts b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderProgram.ts
index 22151e5f77..9548548db6 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderProgram.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderProgram.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import { ShaderData } from "./ShaderData";
 import { ShaderProperty } from "./ShaderProperty";
 import { ShaderUniform } from "./ShaderUniform";
 import { ShaderUniformBlock } from "./ShaderUniformBlock";
+import { ShaderBlockProperty } from "./ShaderBlockProperty";
 import { ShaderDataGroup } from "./enums/ShaderDataGroup";
+import { InstanceBufferLayout, ShaderFactory } from "../shaderlib/ShaderFactory";
 
 /**
  * Shader program, corresponding to the GPU shader program.
@@ -52,7 +54,11 @@ export class ShaderProgram {
   /** @internal */
   _uploadMaterialId: number = -1;
 
+  /** @internal */
+  _instanceLayout: InstanceBufferLayout | null = null;
+
   attributeLocation: Record<string, GLint> = Object.create(null);
+  uniformBlockIds: number[] = [];
 
   // @todo: move to RHI.
   private _isValid: boolean;
@@ -339,6 +345,9 @@ export class ShaderProgram {
       }
 
       const location = gl.getUniformLocation(program, name);
+      // UBO members have no individual location, skip them
+      if (location === null) return;
+
       shaderUniform.name = name;
       shaderUniform.propertyId = ShaderProperty.getByName(name)._uniqueId;
       shaderUniform.location = location;
@@ -412,9 +421,33 @@ export class ShaderProgram {
             shaderUniform.cacheValue = new Vector4(0, 0, 0);
           }
           break;
+        case gl.FLOAT_MAT2:
+          shaderUniform.applyFunc = shaderUniform.uploadMat2;
+          break;
+        case gl.FLOAT_MAT3:
+          shaderUniform.applyFunc = shaderUniform.uploadMat3;
+          break;
         case gl.FLOAT_MAT4:
           shaderUniform.applyFunc = isArray ? shaderUniform.uploadMat4v : shaderUniform.uploadMat4;
           break;
+        case (<WebGL2RenderingContext>gl).FLOAT_MAT2x3:
+          shaderUniform.applyFunc = shaderUniform.uploadMat2x3;
+          break;
+        case (<WebGL2RenderingContext>gl).FLOAT_MAT2x4:
+          shaderUniform.applyFunc = shaderUniform.uploadMat2x4;
+          break;
+        case (<WebGL2RenderingContext>gl).FLOAT_MAT3x2:
+          shaderUniform.applyFunc = shaderUniform.uploadMat3x2;
+          break;
+        case (<WebGL2RenderingContext>gl).FLOAT_MAT3x4:
+          shaderUniform.applyFunc = shaderUniform.uploadMat3x4;
+          break;
+        case (<WebGL2RenderingContext>gl).FLOAT_MAT4x2:
+          shaderUniform.applyFunc = shaderUniform.uploadMat4x2;
+          break;
+        case (<WebGL2RenderingContext>gl).FLOAT_MAT4x3:
+          shaderUniform.applyFunc = shaderUniform.uploadMat4x3;
+          break;
         case gl.SAMPLER_2D:
         case gl.SAMPLER_CUBE:
         case (<WebGL2RenderingContext>gl).UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_2D:
@@ -476,6 +509,21 @@ export class ShaderProgram {
     attributeInfos.forEach(({ name }) => {
       this.attributeLocation[name] = gl.getAttribLocation(program, name);
     });
+
+    // Record uniform block indices and bind binding points (WebGL2 only)
+    if (this._engine._hardwareRenderer.isWebGL2) {
+      const gl2 = <WebGL2RenderingContext>gl;
+      const bindingMap = ShaderFactory.uniformBlockBindingMap;
+      const blockCount = gl2.getProgramParameter(program, gl2.ACTIVE_UNIFORM_BLOCKS) ?? 0;
+      for (let i = 0; i < blockCount; i++) {
+        const id = ShaderBlockProperty.getByName(gl2.getActiveUniformBlockName(program, i))._uniqueId;
+        this.uniformBlockIds[i] = id;
+        const bindingPoint = bindingMap[id];
+        if (bindingPoint !== undefined) {
+          gl2.uniformBlockBinding(program, i, bindingPoint);
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   private _getUniformInfos(): WebGLActiveInfo[] {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderProgramPool.ts b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderProgramMap.ts
similarity index 56%
rename from packages/core/src/shader/ShaderProgramPool.ts
rename to packages/core/src/shader/ShaderProgramMap.ts
index 3b43a07afa..5673708863 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderProgramPool.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderProgramMap.ts
@@ -2,23 +2,26 @@ import { Engine } from "../Engine";
 import { ShaderMacroCollection } from "./ShaderMacroCollection";
 import { ShaderProgram } from "./ShaderProgram";
 
+type Tree = {
+  [key: number]: Tree | ShaderProgram;
+};
+
 /**
- * Shader program pool.
+ * Map keyed by ShaderMacroCollection bitmask, caching ShaderProgram instances.
  * @internal
  */
-export class ShaderProgramPool {
+export class ShaderProgramMap {
+  engine: Engine;
+
   private _cacheHierarchyDepth: number = 1;
-  private _cacheMap: Tree<ShaderProgram> = Object.create(null);
+  private _cacheMap: Tree = Object.create(null);
   private _lastQueryMap: Record<number, ShaderProgram>;
   private _lastQueryKey: number;
 
-  constructor(public engine: Engine) {}
+  constructor(engine: Engine) {
+    this.engine = engine;
+  }
 
-  /**
-   * Get shader program by macro collection.
-   * @param macros - macro collection
-   * @returns shader program
-   */
   get(macros: ShaderMacroCollection): ShaderProgram | null {
     let cacheMap = this._cacheMap;
     const maskLength = macros._length;
@@ -33,41 +36,31 @@ export class ShaderProgramPool {
     const maxEndIndex = this._cacheHierarchyDepth - 1;
     for (let i = 0; i < maxEndIndex; i++) {
       const subMask = endIndex < i ? 0 : mask[i];
-      let subCacheShaders = <Tree<ShaderProgram>>cacheMap[subMask];
-      subCacheShaders || (cacheMap[subMask] = subCacheShaders = Object.create(null));
-      cacheMap = subCacheShaders;
+      let subCache = <Tree>cacheMap[subMask];
+      subCache || (cacheMap[subMask] = subCache = Object.create(null));
+      cacheMap = subCache;
     }
 
     const cacheKey = endIndex < maxEndIndex ? 0 : mask[maxEndIndex];
-    const shader = (<Record<number, ShaderProgram>>cacheMap)[cacheKey];
-    if (!shader) {
+    const value = (<Record<number, ShaderProgram>>cacheMap)[cacheKey];
+    if (!value) {
       this._lastQueryKey = cacheKey;
       this._lastQueryMap = <Record<number, ShaderProgram>>cacheMap;
     }
-    return shader;
+    return value;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Cache the shader program.
-   *
-   * @remarks
-   * The method must return an empty value after calling get() to run normally.
-   *
-   * @param shaderProgram - shader program
-   */
-  cache(shaderProgram: ShaderProgram): void {
-    this._lastQueryMap[this._lastQueryKey] = shaderProgram;
+  cache(value: ShaderProgram): void {
+    this._lastQueryMap[this._lastQueryKey] = value;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  _destroy(): void {
-    this._recursiveDestroy(0, this._cacheMap);
+  destroy(): void {
+    this._recursiveForEach(0, this._cacheMap);
     this._cacheMap = Object.create(null);
+    this._cacheHierarchyDepth = 1;
   }
 
-  private _recursiveDestroy(hierarchy: number, cacheMap: Tree<ShaderProgram>): void {
+  private _recursiveForEach(hierarchy: number, cacheMap: Tree): void {
     if (hierarchy === this._cacheHierarchyDepth - 1) {
       for (let k in cacheMap) {
         (<ShaderProgram>cacheMap[k]).destroy();
@@ -76,35 +69,30 @@ export class ShaderProgramPool {
     }
     ++hierarchy;
     for (let k in cacheMap) {
-      this._recursiveDestroy(hierarchy, <Tree<ShaderProgram>>cacheMap[k]);
+      this._recursiveForEach(hierarchy, <Tree>cacheMap[k]);
     }
   }
 
   private _resizeCacheMapHierarchy(
-    cacheMap: Tree<ShaderProgram>,
+    cacheMap: Tree,
     hierarchy: number,
     currentHierarchy: number,
     increaseHierarchy: number
   ): void {
-    // Only expand but not shrink
     if (hierarchy == currentHierarchy - 1) {
       for (let k in cacheMap) {
-        const shader = <ShaderProgram>cacheMap[k];
+        const value = <ShaderProgram>cacheMap[k];
         let subCacheMap = cacheMap;
         for (let i = 0; i < increaseHierarchy; i++) {
           subCacheMap[i == 0 ? k : 0] = subCacheMap = Object.create(null);
         }
-        subCacheMap[0] = shader;
+        subCacheMap[0] = value;
       }
     } else {
       hierarchy++;
       for (let k in cacheMap) {
-        this._resizeCacheMapHierarchy(<Tree<ShaderProgram>>cacheMap[k], hierarchy, currentHierarchy, increaseHierarchy);
+        this._resizeCacheMapHierarchy(<Tree>cacheMap[k], hierarchy, currentHierarchy, increaseHierarchy);
       }
     }
   }
 }
-
-type Tree<T> = {
-  [key: number]: Tree<T> | T;
-};
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderUniform.ts b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderUniform.ts
index 07017a4abc..90d9233c1b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderUniform.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/shader/ShaderUniform.ts
@@ -237,6 +237,14 @@ export class ShaderUniform {
     this._gl.uniform4iv(shaderUniform.location, value);
   }
 
+  uploadMat2(shaderUniform: ShaderUniform, value: Float32Array): void {
+    this._gl.uniformMatrix2fv(shaderUniform.location, false, value);
+  }
+
+  uploadMat3(shaderUniform: ShaderUniform, value: Float32Array): void {
+    this._gl.uniformMatrix3fv(shaderUniform.location, false, value);
+  }
+
   uploadMat4(shaderUniform: ShaderUniform, value: Matrix): void {
     this._gl.uniformMatrix4fv(shaderUniform.location, false, value.elements);
   }
@@ -245,6 +253,30 @@ export class ShaderUniform {
     this._gl.uniformMatrix4fv(shaderUniform.location, false, value);
   }
 
+  uploadMat2x3(shaderUniform: ShaderUniform, value: Float32Array): void {
+    (<WebGL2RenderingContext>this._gl).uniformMatrix2x3fv(shaderUniform.location, false, value);
+  }
+
+  uploadMat2x4(shaderUniform: ShaderUniform, value: Float32Array): void {
+    (<WebGL2RenderingContext>this._gl).uniformMatrix2x4fv(shaderUniform.location, false, value);
+  }
+
+  uploadMat3x2(shaderUniform: ShaderUniform, value: Float32Array): void {
+    (<WebGL2RenderingContext>this._gl).uniformMatrix3x2fv(shaderUniform.location, false, value);
+  }
+
+  uploadMat3x4(shaderUniform: ShaderUniform, value: Float32Array): void {
+    (<WebGL2RenderingContext>this._gl).uniformMatrix3x4fv(shaderUniform.location, false, value);
+  }
+
+  uploadMat4x2(shaderUniform: ShaderUniform, value: Float32Array): void {
+    (<WebGL2RenderingContext>this._gl).uniformMatrix4x2fv(shaderUniform.location, false, value);
+  }
+
+  uploadMat4x3(shaderUniform: ShaderUniform, value: Float32Array): void {
+    (<WebGL2RenderingContext>this._gl).uniformMatrix4x3fv(shaderUniform.location, false, value);
+  }
+
   uploadTexture(shaderUniform: ShaderUniform, value: Texture): void {
     const rhi = this._rhi;
     rhi.activeTexture(shaderUniform.textureIndex as GLenum);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shader/enums/ConstantBufferBindingPoint.ts b/packages/core/src/shader/enums/ConstantBufferBindingPoint.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..595d159924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/shader/enums/ConstantBufferBindingPoint.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ * @internal
+ * Constant buffer binding point allocation.
+ */
+export enum ConstantBufferBindingPoint {
+  RendererInstance = 0
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/ShaderFactory.ts b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/ShaderFactory.ts
index e314e4409d..9e62a3fc25 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/ShaderFactory.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/ShaderFactory.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,28 @@
+import { Matrix, Vector2, Vector3, Vector4 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { GLCapabilityType } from "../base/Constant";
 import { Logger } from "../base/Logger";
 import { Engine } from "../Engine";
+import { Renderer } from "../Renderer";
+import { ShaderDataGroup } from "../shader/enums/ShaderDataGroup";
 import { ShaderMacro } from "../shader/ShaderMacro";
 import { ShaderMacroCollection } from "../shader/ShaderMacroCollection";
+import { ShaderProperty } from "../shader/ShaderProperty";
+import { ShaderBlockProperty } from "../shader/ShaderBlockProperty";
+import { ConstantBufferBindingPoint } from "../shader/enums/ConstantBufferBindingPoint";
 import { ShaderLib } from "./ShaderLib";
 
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
 export class ShaderFactory {
-  /** @internal */
-  static readonly _shaderExtension = [
+  static readonly RENDERER_INSTANCE_BLOCK_NAME = "RendererInstanceData";
+
+  static readonly uniformBlockBindingMap: Record<number, number> = {
+    [ShaderBlockProperty.getByName(ShaderFactory.RENDERER_INSTANCE_BLOCK_NAME)._uniqueId]:
+      ConstantBufferBindingPoint.RendererInstance
+  };
+
+  static readonly shaderExtension = [
     "GL_EXT_shader_texture_lod",
     "GL_OES_standard_derivatives",
     "GL_EXT_draw_buffers",
@@ -16,35 +31,140 @@ export class ShaderFactory {
     .map((e) => `#extension ${e} : enable\n`)
     .join("");
 
-  private static readonly _has300OutInFragReg = /\bout\s+(?:\w+\s+)?(?:vec4)\s+(?:\w+)\s*;/; // [layout(location = 0)] out [highp] vec4 [color];
+  private static readonly _std140TypeInfoMap: Record<string, { size: number; align: number }> = {
+    float: { size: 4, align: 4 },
+    int: { size: 4, align: 4 },
+    uint: { size: 4, align: 4 },
+    vec2: { size: 8, align: 8 },
+    ivec2: { size: 8, align: 8 },
+    vec3: { size: 12, align: 16 },
+    ivec3: { size: 12, align: 16 },
+    vec4: { size: 16, align: 16 },
+    ivec4: { size: 16, align: 16 },
+    mat4: { size: 64, align: 16 },
+    mat3x4: { size: 48, align: 16 }
+  };
+
+  private static readonly _has300OutInFragReg = /\bout\s+(?:\w+\s+)?vec4\s+\w+\s*;/;
+
+  private static readonly _precisionStr = `
+#ifdef GL_FRAGMENT_PRECISION_HIGH
+  precision highp float;
+  precision highp int;
+#else
+  precision mediump float;
+  precision mediump int;
+#endif
+`;
+
+  // Derived built-ins re-exposed on top of `renderer_ModelMat`.
+  // `renderer_NormalMat` uses the cofactor (cross-product) form, which algebraically equals
+  // `det(M) · transpose(inverse(M))`. After `normalize()` it's directionally identical to the
+  // classic `transpose(inverse(M))`, but stays NaN-free when `M` is singular (e.g. any scale
+  // axis is 0 — common in animations that pop / hide via scale). `sign(det)` (`s` below)
+  // keeps mirrored matrices facing the right way
+  private static readonly _derivedDefines = `\
+mat3 _normalMatFromModel(mat3 m) {
+    vec3 c0 = cross(m[1], m[2]);
+    vec3 c1 = cross(m[2], m[0]);
+    vec3 c2 = cross(m[0], m[1]);
+    float s = (dot(m[0], c0) < 0.0) ? -1.0 : 1.0;
+    return mat3(c0 * s, c1 * s, c2 * s);
+}
+#define renderer_MVMat (camera_ViewMat * renderer_ModelMat)
+#define renderer_MVPMat (camera_VPMat * renderer_ModelMat)
+#define renderer_NormalMat mat4(_normalMatFromModel(mat3(renderer_ModelMat)))`;
+
+  // Built-in renderer uniforms. value=true means derived (remove but not added to UBO)
+  private static readonly _builtinRendererUniforms: Record<string, boolean> = {
+    renderer_ModelMat: false,
+    renderer_Layer: false,
+    renderer_MVMat: true,
+    renderer_MVPMat: true,
+    renderer_NormalMat: true
+  };
+
+  private static readonly _uboUniformRegex =
+    /^[ \t]*uniform\s+(?:(?:lowp|mediump|highp)\s+)?(\w+)\s+(\w+)\s*(\[.+?\])?\s*;/gm;
+
+  private static _packFuncMap: Record<string, InstancePackFunc> = (() => {
+    const packScalar = (v: Float32Array | Int32Array, o: number, val: number) => {
+      v[o] = val;
+    };
+    const packVec2 = (v: Float32Array | Int32Array, o: number, val: Vector2) => {
+      v[o] = val.x;
+      v[o + 1] = val.y;
+    };
+    const packVec3 = (v: Float32Array | Int32Array, o: number, val: Vector3) => {
+      v[o] = val.x;
+      v[o + 1] = val.y;
+      v[o + 2] = val.z;
+    };
+    const packVec4 = (v: Float32Array | Int32Array, o: number, val: Vector4) => {
+      v[o] = val.x;
+      v[o + 1] = val.y;
+      v[o + 2] = val.z;
+      v[o + 3] = val.w;
+    };
+    return {
+      float: packScalar,
+      int: packScalar,
+      uint: packScalar,
+      vec2: packVec2,
+      ivec2: packVec2,
+      vec3: packVec3,
+      ivec3: packVec3,
+      vec4: packVec4,
+      ivec4: packVec4,
+      mat4: (v: Float32Array | Int32Array, o: number, val: Matrix) => {
+        const e = val.elements;
+        for (let k = 0; k < 16; k++) v[o + k] = e[k];
+      },
+      // Affine mat4 stored as mat3x4: write 3 transposed rows (row3 is always 0,0,0,1)
+      mat3x4: (v: Float32Array | Int32Array, o: number, val: Matrix) => {
+        const e = val.elements;
+        // Row 0
+        v[o] = e[0];
+        v[o + 1] = e[4];
+        v[o + 2] = e[8];
+        v[o + 3] = e[12];
+        // Row 1
+        v[o + 4] = e[1];
+        v[o + 5] = e[5];
+        v[o + 6] = e[9];
+        v[o + 7] = e[13];
+        // Row 2
+        v[o + 8] = e[2];
+        v[o + 9] = e[6];
+        v[o + 10] = e[10];
+        v[o + 11] = e[14];
+      }
+    };
+  })();
 
   static parseCustomMacros(macros: ShaderMacro[]) {
     return macros.map((m) => `#define ${m.value ? m.name + ` ` + m.value : m.name}\n`).join("");
   }
 
   /**
-   * @internal
    * Compile vertex and fragment source with standard macros, includes, and version header.
-   * @param engine - Engine instance
-   * @param macroCollection - Current macro collection
-   * @param vertexSource - Raw vertex shader source (may contain #include)
-   * @param fragmentSource - Raw fragment shader source
-   * @returns Compiled { vertexSource, fragmentSource } ready for ShaderProgram
    */
   static compilePlatformSource(
     engine: Engine,
     macroCollection: ShaderMacroCollection,
     vertexSource: string,
-    fragmentSource: string
-  ): { vertexSource: string; fragmentSource: string } {
-    const isWebGL2 = engine._hardwareRenderer.isWebGL2;
+    fragmentSource: string,
+    isGPUInstance: boolean
+  ): { vertexSource: string; fragmentSource: string; instanceLayout: InstanceBufferLayout | null } {
+    const rhi = engine._hardwareRenderer;
+    const isWebGL2 = rhi.isWebGL2;
     const shaderMacroList = new Array<ShaderMacro>();
     ShaderMacro._getMacrosElements(macroCollection, shaderMacroList);
     shaderMacroList.push(ShaderMacro.getByName(isWebGL2 ? "GRAPHICS_API_WEBGL2" : "GRAPHICS_API_WEBGL1"));
-    if (engine._hardwareRenderer.canIUse(GLCapabilityType.shaderTextureLod)) {
+    if (rhi.canIUse(GLCapabilityType.shaderTextureLod)) {
       shaderMacroList.push(ShaderMacro.getByName("HAS_TEX_LOD"));
     }
-    if (engine._hardwareRenderer.canIUse(GLCapabilityType.standardDerivatives)) {
+    if (rhi.canIUse(GLCapabilityType.standardDerivatives)) {
       shaderMacroList.push(ShaderMacro.getByName("HAS_DERIVATIVES"));
     }
 
@@ -55,28 +175,82 @@ export class ShaderFactory {
     noIncludeVertex = macroStr + noIncludeVertex;
     noIncludeFrag = macroStr + noIncludeFrag;
 
+    let instanceLayout: InstanceBufferLayout | null = null;
+    if (isGPUInstance) {
+      const activeMacros = new Set<string>();
+      for (let i = 0, len = shaderMacroList.length; i < len; i++) activeMacros.add(shaderMacroList[i].name);
+      const injected = ShaderFactory.injectInstanceUBO(engine, noIncludeVertex, noIncludeFrag, activeMacros);
+      noIncludeVertex = injected.vertexSource;
+      noIncludeFrag = injected.fragmentSource;
+      instanceLayout = injected.instanceLayout;
+    }
+
     if (isWebGL2) {
       noIncludeVertex = ShaderFactory.convertTo300(noIncludeVertex);
       noIncludeFrag = ShaderFactory.convertTo300(noIncludeFrag, true);
     }
 
     const versionStr = isWebGL2 ? "#version 300 es" : "#version 100";
-    const precisionStr = `
-#ifdef GL_FRAGMENT_PRECISION_HIGH
-  precision highp float;
-  precision highp int;
-#else
-  precision mediump float;
-  precision mediump int;
-#endif
-`;
 
     return {
       vertexSource: `${versionStr}\nprecision highp float;\n${noIncludeVertex}`,
-      fragmentSource: `${versionStr}\n${isWebGL2 ? "" : ShaderFactory._shaderExtension}${precisionStr}${noIncludeFrag}`
+      fragmentSource: `${versionStr}\n${isWebGL2 ? "" : ShaderFactory.shaderExtension}${ShaderFactory._precisionStr}${noIncludeFrag}`,
+      instanceLayout
     };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Scan VS/FS for renderer-group `uniform` declarations, replace them with a shared
+   * std140 UBO (instanced array), and emit `#define` remapping so original uniform
+   * names resolve to `rendererData[instanceID].field`.
+   */
+  static injectInstanceUBO(
+    engine: Engine,
+    vertexSource: string,
+    fragmentSource: string,
+    activeMacros?: Set<string>
+  ): { vertexSource: string; fragmentSource: string; instanceLayout: InstanceBufferLayout | null } {
+    // 1. Scan & strip renderer uniforms from both stages, collect into fieldMap
+    const fieldMap: Record<number, string> = Object.create(null);
+    if (activeMacros) {
+      vertexSource = ShaderFactory._scanInstanceUniformsWithMacros(vertexSource, fieldMap, activeMacros);
+      fragmentSource = ShaderFactory._scanInstanceUniformsWithMacros(fragmentSource, fieldMap, activeMacros);
+    } else {
+      vertexSource = ShaderFactory._scanInstanceUniforms(vertexSource, fieldMap);
+      fragmentSource = ShaderFactory._scanInstanceUniforms(fragmentSource, fieldMap);
+    }
+
+    // Fast empty check without allocating an array
+    let hasField = false;
+    for (const _ in fieldMap) {
+      hasField = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!hasField) return { vertexSource, fragmentSource, instanceLayout: null };
+
+    // 2. Compute std140 layout (field offsets, struct size, max instance count)
+    const instanceLayout = ShaderFactory._buildLayout(engine, fieldMap);
+
+    // 3. Generate GLSL UBO block and inject into both stages
+    const { instanceFields } = instanceLayout;
+    const uboDecl = ShaderFactory._buildUBODeclaration(instanceLayout);
+    const fieldDefinesVS = ShaderFactory._buildFieldDefines(instanceFields, "gl_InstanceID");
+    const fieldDefinesFS = ShaderFactory._buildFieldDefines(instanceFields, "v_instanceID");
+    const derivedDefines = ShaderFactory._derivedDefines;
+
+    const vsBlock = `${uboDecl}flat out int v_instanceID;\n${fieldDefinesVS}\n${derivedDefines}\n`;
+    const fsBlock = `${uboDecl}flat in int v_instanceID;\n${fieldDefinesFS}\n${derivedDefines}\n`;
+
+    vertexSource = vsBlock + vertexSource;
+    vertexSource = vertexSource.replace(
+      /void\s+main\s*\(\s*\)\s*\{/,
+      "void main() {\n    v_instanceID = gl_InstanceID;"
+    );
+    fragmentSource = fsBlock + fragmentSource;
+
+    return { vertexSource, fragmentSource, instanceLayout };
+  }
+
   static registerInclude(includeName: string, includeSource: string) {
     if (ShaderLib[includeName]) {
       throw `The "${includeName}" shader include already exist`;
@@ -93,25 +267,21 @@ export class ShaderFactory {
    * since `ShaderLab` use the same parsing function but different syntax for `#include` --- `/^[ \t]*#include +"([\w\d.]+)"/gm`
    */
   static parseIncludes(src: string, regex = /^[ \t]*#include +<([\w\d.]+)>/gm) {
-    function replace(match, slice) {
-      var replace = ShaderLib[slice];
-
-      if (replace === undefined) {
+    return src.replace(regex, (match, slice) => {
+      const replacement = ShaderLib[slice];
+      if (replacement === undefined) {
         Logger.error(`Shader slice "${match.trim()}" not founded.`);
         return "";
       }
-
-      return ShaderFactory.parseIncludes(replace, regex);
-    }
-
-    return src.replace(regex, replace);
+      return ShaderFactory.parseIncludes(replacement, regex);
+    });
   }
 
   /**
    * Convert lower GLSL version to GLSL 300 es.
    * @param shader - code
    * @param isFrag - Whether it is a fragment shader.
-   * */
+   */
   static convertTo300(shader: string, isFrag?: boolean) {
     shader = shader.replace(/\bvarying\b/g, isFrag ? "in" : "out");
     shader = shader.replace(/\btexture(2D|Cube)\b/g, "texture");
@@ -124,7 +294,7 @@ export class ShaderFactory {
     if (isFrag) {
       shader = shader.replace(/\bgl_FragDepthEXT\b/g, "gl_FragDepth");
 
-      if (!ShaderFactory._has300Output(shader)) {
+      if (!ShaderFactory._has300OutInFragReg.test(shader)) {
         const isMRT = /\bgl_FragData\[.+?\]/g.test(shader);
         if (isMRT) {
           shader = shader.replace(/\bgl_FragColor\b/g, "gl_FragData[0]");
@@ -142,8 +312,162 @@ export class ShaderFactory {
     return shader;
   }
 
-  private static _has300Output(fragmentShader: string): boolean {
-    return ShaderFactory._has300OutInFragReg.test(fragmentShader);
+  private static _scanInstanceUniforms(source: string, fieldMap: Record<number, string>): string {
+    const builtinUniforms = ShaderFactory._builtinRendererUniforms;
+    return source.replace(ShaderFactory._uboUniformRegex, (match, type, name, arraySize) => {
+      if (type.includes("sampler")) return match;
+      const isDerived = builtinUniforms[name];
+      if (isDerived === undefined && ShaderProperty._getShaderPropertyGroup(name) !== ShaderDataGroup.Renderer)
+        return match;
+      if (isDerived) return "";
+      // Array uniforms not supported in instancing UBO, keep as regular uniform
+      if (arraySize) {
+        Logger.error(`GPU Instancing does not support array uniform "${name}${arraySize}"`);
+        return match;
+      }
+      // ModelMat is affine, store as mat3x4 (3 columns) to save 16 bytes per instance
+      fieldMap[ShaderProperty.getByName(name)._uniqueId] =
+        type === "mat4" && name === "renderer_ModelMat" ? "mat3x4" : type;
+      return "";
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Matches preprocessor directives at line start. Only `#ifdef / #ifndef / #else / #endif` are
+  // supported; `#if` with expressions is not recognized (such blocks are treated as always-active).
+  private static readonly _ifdefRegex = /^[ \t]*#ifdef\s+(\w+)/;
+  private static readonly _ifndefRegex = /^[ \t]*#ifndef\s+(\w+)/;
+  private static readonly _elseRegex = /^[ \t]*#else\b/;
+  private static readonly _endifRegex = /^[ \t]*#endif\b/;
+
+  /**
+   * Scan with preprocessor awareness, for raw GLSL paths where `#ifdef` blocks are not yet
+   * expanded. Uniforms inside inactive branches are skipped.
+   */
+  private static _scanInstanceUniformsWithMacros(
+    source: string,
+    fieldMap: Record<number, string>,
+    activeMacros: Set<string>
+  ): string {
+    // Preprocessor branch stack: each frame tracks whether current branch is active
+    const branchStack: boolean[] = [true];
+    const lines = source.split("\n");
+
+    for (let i = 0, n = lines.length; i < n; i++) {
+      const line = lines[i];
+
+      let m = line.match(ShaderFactory._ifdefRegex);
+      if (m) {
+        const parentActive = branchStack[branchStack.length - 1];
+        branchStack.push(parentActive && activeMacros.has(m[1]));
+        continue;
+      }
+      m = line.match(ShaderFactory._ifndefRegex);
+      if (m) {
+        const parentActive = branchStack[branchStack.length - 1];
+        branchStack.push(parentActive && !activeMacros.has(m[1]));
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ShaderFactory._elseRegex.test(line)) {
+        const parentActive = branchStack.length >= 2 ? branchStack[branchStack.length - 2] : true;
+        const currentActive = branchStack[branchStack.length - 1];
+        branchStack[branchStack.length - 1] = parentActive && !currentActive;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (ShaderFactory._endifRegex.test(line)) {
+        if (branchStack.length > 1) branchStack.pop();
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (!branchStack[branchStack.length - 1]) continue;
+
+      lines[i] = ShaderFactory._scanInstanceUniforms(line, fieldMap);
+    }
+
+    return lines.join("\n");
+  }
+
+  private static _buildLayout(engine: Engine, fieldMap: Record<number, string>): InstanceBufferLayout {
+    const maxUBOSize = engine._hardwareRenderer.maxUniformBlockSize;
+    const std140Map = ShaderFactory._std140TypeInfoMap;
+    const instanceFields: InstanceFieldInfo[] = [];
+    let currentOffset = 0;
+
+    const packFuncMap = ShaderFactory._packFuncMap;
+    const addField = (id: number): void => {
+      const type = fieldMap[id];
+      const info = std140Map[type];
+      if (!info) return;
+      currentOffset = Math.ceil(currentOffset / info.align) * info.align;
+      instanceFields.push({
+        property: ShaderProperty._propertyIdMap[id],
+        type,
+        offset: currentOffset,
+        offsetInElements: currentOffset / 4,
+        useIntView: type[0] === "i" || type[0] === "u",
+        pack: packFuncMap[type]
+      });
+      currentOffset += info.size;
+    };
+
+    // Priority fields first
+    const modelMatId = Renderer._worldMatrixProperty._uniqueId;
+    const layerId = Renderer._rendererLayerProperty._uniqueId;
+    if (modelMatId in fieldMap) {
+      addField(modelMatId);
+      delete fieldMap[modelMatId];
+    }
+    if (layerId in fieldMap) {
+      addField(layerId);
+      delete fieldMap[layerId];
+    }
+
+    // Remaining fields sorted by id
+    const keys: number[] = [];
+    for (const k in fieldMap) keys.push(+k);
+    keys.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+    for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) addField(keys[i]);
+
+    const structSize = Math.ceil(currentOffset / 16) * 16;
+    const instanceMaxCount = Math.floor(maxUBOSize / structSize);
+
+    return { instanceFields, instanceMaxCount, structSize };
+  }
+
+  private static _buildUBODeclaration(layout: InstanceBufferLayout): string {
+    const { instanceFields, instanceMaxCount } = layout;
+    const structLines: string[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < instanceFields.length; i++) {
+      const { type, property } = instanceFields[i];
+      structLines.push(`        ${type} ${property.name};`);
+    }
+    return (
+      `#define INSTANCE_MAX_COUNT ${instanceMaxCount}\n` +
+      `struct RendererInstanceStruct {\n${structLines.join("\n")}\n};\n` +
+      `layout(std140) uniform ${ShaderFactory.RENDERER_INSTANCE_BLOCK_NAME} {\n` +
+      `    RendererInstanceStruct rendererData[INSTANCE_MAX_COUNT];\n};\n`
+    );
+  }
+
+  private static _buildFieldDefines(fields: InstanceFieldInfo[], idExpr: string): string {
+    const accessor = `rendererData[${idExpr}]`;
+    const lines: string[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
+      const { type, property } = fields[i];
+      const n = property.name;
+      if (type === "mat3x4") {
+        // mat3x4 stores 3 transposed rows; reconstruct column-major mat4 with row3=(0,0,0,1)
+        const m = `${accessor}.${n}`;
+        lines.push(
+          `#define ${n} mat4(` +
+            `vec4(${m}[0].x,${m}[1].x,${m}[2].x,0.0),` +
+            `vec4(${m}[0].y,${m}[1].y,${m}[2].y,0.0),` +
+            `vec4(${m}[0].z,${m}[1].z,${m}[2].z,0.0),` +
+            `vec4(${m}[0].w,${m}[1].w,${m}[2].w,1.0))`
+        );
+      } else {
+        lines.push(`#define ${n} ${accessor}.${n}`);
+      }
+    }
+    return lines.join("\n");
   }
 
   private static _replaceMRTShader(shader: string, result: string[]): string {
@@ -166,3 +490,24 @@ export class ShaderFactory {
     return shader;
   }
 }
+
+export interface InstanceFieldInfo {
+  property: ShaderProperty;
+  type: string;
+  offset: number;
+  /** offset / 4, precomputed to avoid repeated division in upload loop */
+  offsetInElements: number;
+  useIntView: boolean;
+  pack: InstancePackFunc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+export interface InstanceBufferLayout {
+  instanceFields: InstanceFieldInfo[];
+  instanceMaxCount: number;
+  structSize: number;
+}
+
+type InstancePackFunc = (view: Float32Array | Int32Array, offset: number, value: any) => void;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/depthOnly.vs.glsl b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/depthOnly.vs.glsl
index 06ea2dc057..ecaea3e6ce 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/depthOnly.vs.glsl
+++ b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/depthOnly.vs.glsl
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include <common>
 #include <common_vert>
 #include <blendShape_input>
-uniform mat4 camera_VPMat;
-
 
 void main() {
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/shadow-map.vs.glsl b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/shadow-map.vs.glsl
index fae6a4b849..2da9dc1092 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/shadow-map.vs.glsl
+++ b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/shadow-map.vs.glsl
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include <blendShape_input>
 #include <normal_share>
 #include <uv_share>
-uniform mat4 camera_VPMat;
 uniform vec2 scene_ShadowBias; // x: depth bias, y: normal bias
 uniform vec3 scene_LightDirection;
 
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ void main() {
     #include <blendShape_vert>
     #include <skinning_vert>
     #include <uv_vert>
-    
+
     vec4 positionWS = renderer_ModelMat * position;
 
     positionWS.xyz = applyShadowBias(positionWS.xyz);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/skybox.vs.glsl b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/skybox.vs.glsl
index 54c7185dd8..de9692f754 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/skybox.vs.glsl
+++ b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/skybox.vs.glsl
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #include <common_vert>
 
-uniform mat4 camera_VPMat;
-
 varying vec3 v_cubeUV;
 uniform float material_Rotation;
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/text.fs.glsl b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/text.fs.glsl
index 8fe1125d69..0ea05d15d2 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/text.fs.glsl
+++ b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/text.fs.glsl
@@ -1,15 +1,76 @@
 uniform sampler2D renderElement_TextTexture;
+uniform vec2 renderElement_TextTextureSize;
+uniform vec4 renderer_OutlineColor;
+uniform float renderer_OutlineWidth;
+
+uniform vec4 renderer_UIRectClipRect;
+uniform float renderer_UIRectClipEnabled;
+uniform vec4 renderer_UIRectClipSoftness;
+uniform float renderer_UIRectClipHardClip;
 
 varying vec2 v_uv;
 varying vec4 v_color;
+varying vec2 v_worldPosition;
 
-void main()
+float getUIRectClipAlpha()
 {
-  vec4 texColor = texture2D(renderElement_TextTexture, v_uv);
+  vec4 edgeDistance = vec4(
+    v_worldPosition.x - renderer_UIRectClipRect.x,
+    v_worldPosition.y - renderer_UIRectClipRect.y,
+    renderer_UIRectClipRect.z - v_worldPosition.x,
+    renderer_UIRectClipRect.w - v_worldPosition.y
+  );
+  vec4 hardClipFactor = step(vec4(0.0), edgeDistance);
+  vec4 softness = max(renderer_UIRectClipSoftness, vec4(1e-5));
+  vec4 softClipFactor = clamp(edgeDistance / softness, 0.0, 1.0);
+  vec4 useSoftness = step(vec4(1e-5), renderer_UIRectClipSoftness);
+  vec4 clipFactor = mix(hardClipFactor, softClipFactor, useSoftness);
+  return clipFactor.x * clipFactor.y * clipFactor.z * clipFactor.w;
+}
+
+float sampleCoverage(vec2 uv)
+{
+  vec4 c = texture2D(renderElement_TextTexture, uv);
   #ifdef GRAPHICS_API_WEBGL2
-    float coverage = texColor.r;
+    return c.r;
   #else
-    float coverage = texColor.a;
+    return c.a;
   #endif
-  gl_FragColor = vec4(v_color.rgb, v_color.a * coverage);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+  float rectClipAlpha = 1.0;
+  if (renderer_UIRectClipEnabled > 0.5) {
+    rectClipAlpha = getUIRectClipAlpha();
+  }
+
+  float coverage = sampleCoverage(v_uv);
+  vec4 finalColor;
+
+  if (renderer_OutlineWidth > 0.0) {
+    vec2 texelSize = 1.0 / renderElement_TextTextureSize;
+    vec2 step = texelSize * renderer_OutlineWidth;
+    float outlineCoverage = coverage;
+    outlineCoverage = max(outlineCoverage, sampleCoverage(v_uv + vec2( step.x,  0.0)));
+    outlineCoverage = max(outlineCoverage, sampleCoverage(v_uv + vec2(-step.x,  0.0)));
+    outlineCoverage = max(outlineCoverage, sampleCoverage(v_uv + vec2( 0.0,  step.y)));
+    outlineCoverage = max(outlineCoverage, sampleCoverage(v_uv + vec2( 0.0, -step.y)));
+    outlineCoverage = max(outlineCoverage, sampleCoverage(v_uv + vec2( step.x * 0.7071,  step.y * 0.7071)));
+    outlineCoverage = max(outlineCoverage, sampleCoverage(v_uv + vec2(-step.x * 0.7071,  step.y * 0.7071)));
+    outlineCoverage = max(outlineCoverage, sampleCoverage(v_uv + vec2( step.x * 0.7071, -step.y * 0.7071)));
+    outlineCoverage = max(outlineCoverage, sampleCoverage(v_uv + vec2(-step.x * 0.7071, -step.y * 0.7071)));
+
+    vec3 rgb = mix(renderer_OutlineColor.rgb, v_color.rgb, coverage);
+    float alpha = max(coverage, outlineCoverage * renderer_OutlineColor.a) * v_color.a;
+    finalColor = vec4(rgb, alpha);
+  } else {
+    finalColor = vec4(v_color.rgb, v_color.a * coverage);
+  }
+
+  finalColor.a *= rectClipAlpha;
+  if (renderer_UIRectClipEnabled > 0.5 && renderer_UIRectClipHardClip > 0.5 && finalColor.a < 0.001) {
+    discard;
+  }
+  gl_FragColor = finalColor;
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/text.vs.glsl b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/text.vs.glsl
index 37a6b2d333..c3971d0172 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/text.vs.glsl
+++ b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/extra/text.vs.glsl
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 uniform mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+uniform mat4 renderer_ModelMat;
 
 attribute vec3 POSITION;
 attribute vec2 TEXCOORD_0;
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@ attribute vec4 COLOR_0;
 
 varying vec2 v_uv;
 varying vec4 v_color;
+varying vec2 v_worldPosition;
 
 void main()
 {
@@ -13,4 +15,5 @@ void main()
 
   v_uv = TEXCOORD_0;
   v_color = COLOR_0;
+  v_worldPosition = POSITION.xy;
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/normal_vert.glsl b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/normal_vert.glsl
index 096a4595d1..906be70ef7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/normal_vert.glsl
+++ b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/normal_vert.glsl
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #ifndef MATERIAL_OMIT_NORMAL
     #ifdef RENDERER_HAS_NORMAL
-        v_normal = normalize( mat3(renderer_NormalMat) * normal );
+        mat3 normalMat = mat3(renderer_NormalMat);
+        v_normal = normalize( normalMat * normal );
 
         #if defined(RENDERER_HAS_TANGENT) && ( defined(MATERIAL_HAS_NORMALTEXTURE) || defined(MATERIAL_HAS_CLEAR_COAT_NORMAL_TEXTURE) || defined(MATERIAL_ENABLE_ANISOTROPY) )
-            vec3 tangentW = normalize( mat3(renderer_NormalMat) * tangent.xyz );
+            vec3 tangentW = normalize( normalMat * tangent.xyz );
             vec3 bitangentW = cross( v_normal, tangentW ) * tangent.w;
 
             v_TBN = mat3( tangentW, bitangentW, v_normal );
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/particle/rotation_over_lifetime_module.glsl b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/particle/rotation_over_lifetime_module.glsl
index 226848bba8..66e4740d54 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/particle/rotation_over_lifetime_module.glsl
+++ b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/particle/rotation_over_lifetime_module.glsl
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ vec3 computeParticleRotationVec3(in vec3 rotation, in float age, in float normal
             #else
                 float ageRot = renderer_ROLMaxConst.z * age;
             #endif
-            rotation += ageRot;
+            rotation.z += ageRot;
         #endif
 
         #ifdef RENDERER_ROL_CURVE_MODE
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ vec3 computeParticleRotationVec3(in vec3 rotation, in float age, in float normal
             #ifdef RENDERER_ROL_IS_RANDOM_TWO
                 lifeRotation = mix(evaluateParticleCurveCumulative(renderer_ROLMinCurveZ, normalizedAge, currentValue), lifeRotation, a_Random0.w);
             #endif
-            rotation += lifeRotation * a_ShapePositionStartLifeTime.w;
+            rotation.z += lifeRotation * a_ShapePositionStartLifeTime.w;
         #endif
     #endif
     return rotation;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/transform_declare.glsl b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/transform_declare.glsl
index 00e1d5edba..86048dcbde 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shaderlib/transform_declare.glsl
+++ b/packages/core/src/shaderlib/transform_declare.glsl
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-uniform mat4 renderer_LocalMat;
-uniform mat4 renderer_ModelMat;
 uniform mat4 camera_ViewMat;
 uniform mat4 camera_ProjMat;
+uniform mat4 camera_VPMat;
+
+uniform mat4 renderer_ModelMat;
 uniform mat4 renderer_MVMat;
 uniform mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
 uniform mat4 renderer_NormalMat;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/core/src/trail/TrailRenderer.ts b/packages/core/src/trail/TrailRenderer.ts
index b8d97f4365..6485d658ca 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/trail/TrailRenderer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/trail/TrailRenderer.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { BoundingBox, Color, Vector2, Vector3, Vector4 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { Entity } from "../Entity";
 import { RenderContext } from "../RenderPipeline/RenderContext";
-import { RenderElement } from "../RenderPipeline/RenderElement";
 import { Renderer, RendererUpdateFlags } from "../Renderer";
 import { deepClone, ignoreClone } from "../clone/CloneManager";
 import { Buffer } from "../graphic/Buffer";
@@ -232,8 +231,9 @@ export class TrailRenderer extends Renderer {
 
     const { _firstActiveElement: firstActive, _firstFreeElement: firstFree } = this;
 
-    const renderElement = this._engine._renderElementPool.get();
-    renderElement.set(this.priority, this._distanceForSort);
+    const priority = this.priority;
+    const distanceForSort = this._distanceForSort;
+    const renderPipeline = context.camera._renderPipeline;
 
     // spansBoundary: active points cross buffer end
     // wrapped: spansBoundary AND point 0 has been written (need bridge + second segment)
@@ -241,13 +241,19 @@ export class TrailRenderer extends Renderer {
     const wrapped = spansBoundary && firstFree > 0;
     const mainCount =
       (spansBoundary ? this._currentPointCapacity - firstActive + (wrapped ? 1 : 0) : firstFree - firstActive) * 2;
-    this._addSubRenderElement(renderElement, material, this._mainSubPrimitive, firstActive * 2, mainCount);
+    this._addRenderElement(
+      context,
+      material,
+      this._mainSubPrimitive,
+      firstActive * 2,
+      mainCount,
+      priority,
+      distanceForSort
+    );
 
     if (wrapped) {
-      this._addSubRenderElement(renderElement, material, this._wrapSubPrimitive, 0, firstFree * 2);
+      this._addRenderElement(context, material, this._wrapSubPrimitive, 0, firstFree * 2, priority, distanceForSort);
     }
-
-    context.camera._renderPipeline.pushRenderElement(context, renderElement);
   }
 
   protected override _updateBounds(worldBounds: BoundingBox): void {
@@ -588,18 +594,22 @@ export class TrailRenderer extends Renderer {
     this._bufferResized = false;
   }
 
-  private _addSubRenderElement(
-    renderElement: RenderElement,
+  private _addRenderElement(
+    context: RenderContext,
     material: Material,
     subPrimitive: SubPrimitive,
     start: number,
-    count: number
+    count: number,
+    priority: number,
+    distanceForSort: number
   ): void {
     subPrimitive.start = start;
     subPrimitive.count = count;
-    const subRenderElement = this._engine._subRenderElementPool.get();
-    subRenderElement.set(this, material, this._primitive, subPrimitive);
-    renderElement.addSubRenderElement(subRenderElement);
+    const renderElement = this._engine._renderElementPool.get();
+    renderElement.set(this, material, this._primitive, subPrimitive);
+    renderElement.priority = priority;
+    renderElement.distanceForSort = distanceForSort;
+    context.camera._renderPipeline.pushRenderElement(context, renderElement);
   }
 
   @ignoreClone
diff --git a/packages/core/src/ui/IUICanvas.ts b/packages/core/src/ui/IUICanvas.ts
index 3139b6dba8..e90e209aa2 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/ui/IUICanvas.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/ui/IUICanvas.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export interface IUICanvas {
   entity: Entity;
   sortOrder: number;
   _canvasIndex: number;
-  _renderElement: RenderElement;
+  _renderElements: RenderElement[];
   _canRender(camera: Camera): boolean;
   _prepareRender(renderContext: RenderContext): void;
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/ui/UIUtils.ts b/packages/core/src/ui/UIUtils.ts
index c57c8bdf1f..0e455a135c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/ui/UIUtils.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/ui/UIUtils.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
-import { Matrix, Vector4 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { Color, Matrix, Vector4 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { Camera } from "../Camera";
 import { Engine } from "../Engine";
 import { Layer } from "../Layer";
+import { Blitter } from "../RenderPipeline/Blitter";
 import { RenderQueue } from "../RenderPipeline";
 import { ContextRendererUpdateFlag } from "../RenderPipeline/RenderContext";
 import { Scene } from "../Scene";
 import { VirtualCamera } from "../VirtualCamera";
 import { EngineObject } from "../base";
-import { RenderQueueType, ShaderData, ShaderDataGroup, ShaderMacro } from "../shader";
+import { CameraClearFlags } from "../enums/CameraClearFlags";
+import { Material } from "../material";
+import { RenderQueueType, Shader, ShaderData, ShaderDataGroup, ShaderMacro } from "../shader";
+import { BlendFactor } from "../shader/enums/BlendFactor";
 import { ShaderMacroCollection } from "../shader/ShaderMacroCollection";
+import { RenderTarget } from "../texture/RenderTarget";
+import { Texture2D } from "../texture/Texture2D";
+import { TextureFormat } from "../texture/enums/TextureFormat";
 import { DisorderedArray } from "../utils/DisorderedArray";
 import { IUICanvas } from "./IUICanvas";
 
@@ -19,6 +26,11 @@ export class UIUtils {
   private static _virtualCamera: VirtualCamera;
   private static _viewport: Vector4;
   private static _overlayCamera: OverlayCamera;
+  private static _overlayRT: RenderTarget;
+  private static _overlayBlitMaterial: Material;
+  private static _clearColor = new Color(0, 0, 0, 0);
+  /** Flip V so that Y-up RT content maps correctly onto the default framebuffer. */
+  private static _flipYScaleOffset = new Vector4(1, -1, 0, 1);
 
   static renderOverlay(engine: Engine, scene: Scene, uiCanvases: DisorderedArray<IUICanvas>): void {
     engine._macroCollection.enable(UIUtils._shouldSRGBCorrect);
@@ -31,10 +43,19 @@ export class UIUtils {
     camera.engine = engine;
     camera.scene = scene;
     renderContext.camera = camera as unknown as Camera;
+
+    const { width, height } = canvas;
     const { elements: projectE } = virtualCamera.projectionMatrix;
     const { elements: viewE } = virtualCamera.viewMatrix;
-    (projectE[0] = 2 / canvas.width), (projectE[5] = 2 / canvas.height), (projectE[10] = 0);
-    renderContext.setRenderTarget(null, viewport, 0);
+    (projectE[0] = 2 / width), (projectE[5] = 2 / height), (projectE[10] = 0);
+
+    // Render to an intermediate RT with Depth24Stencil8 so that stencil-based UI Mask works.
+    // The default canvas framebuffer is created without a stencil buffer
+    // (see WebGLGraphicDevice._webGLOptions.stencil = false).
+    const overlayRT = UIUtils._getOverlayRT(engine, width, height);
+    renderContext.setRenderTarget(overlayRT, viewport, 0);
+    rhi.clearRenderTarget(engine, CameraClearFlags.All, UIUtils._clearColor);
+
     for (let i = 0, n = uiCanvases.length; i < n; i++) {
       const uiCanvas = uiCanvases.get(i);
       if (uiCanvas) {
@@ -44,7 +65,10 @@ export class UIUtils {
         renderContext.applyVirtualCamera(virtualCamera, false);
         uiRenderQueue.rendererUpdateFlag |= ContextRendererUpdateFlag.ProjectionMatrix;
         uiCanvas._prepareRender(renderContext);
-        uiRenderQueue.pushRenderElement(uiCanvas._renderElement);
+        const curElements = uiCanvas._renderElements;
+        for (let j = 0, m = curElements.length; j < m; j++) {
+          uiRenderQueue.pushRenderElement(curElements[j]);
+        }
         uiRenderQueue.batch(batcherManager);
         batcherManager.uploadBuffer();
         uiRenderQueue.render(renderContext, "Forward");
@@ -52,9 +76,60 @@ export class UIUtils {
         engine._renderCount++;
       }
     }
+
+    // Blit overlay RT to default framebuffer with premultiplied alpha blending.
+    // Blitter.blitTexture picks the non-flipping `blitMesh` when destination is null,
+    // but the RT contents are written in standard Y-up NDC, so we flip V here via
+    // sourceScaleOffset to match the default framebuffer orientation.
+    Blitter.blitTexture(
+      engine,
+      overlayRT.getColorTexture(0) as Texture2D,
+      null,
+      0,
+      viewport,
+      UIUtils._getOverlayBlitMaterial(engine),
+      0,
+      UIUtils._flipYScaleOffset
+    );
+
     renderContext.camera = null;
     engine._macroCollection.disable(UIUtils._shouldSRGBCorrect);
   }
+
+  private static _getOverlayRT(engine: Engine, width: number, height: number): RenderTarget {
+    let rt = UIUtils._overlayRT;
+    if (!rt || rt.width !== width || rt.height !== height) {
+      if (rt) {
+        rt.getColorTexture(0).destroy();
+        rt.destroy();
+      }
+      const colorTexture = new Texture2D(engine, width, height, TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8, false);
+      colorTexture.isGCIgnored = true;
+      rt = new RenderTarget(engine, width, height, colorTexture, TextureFormat.Depth24Stencil8);
+      rt.isGCIgnored = true;
+      UIUtils._overlayRT = rt;
+    }
+    return rt;
+  }
+
+  private static _getOverlayBlitMaterial(engine: Engine): Material {
+    let material = UIUtils._overlayBlitMaterial;
+    if (!material) {
+      material = new Material(engine, Shader.find("blit"));
+      material.isGCIgnored = true;
+      const renderState = material.renderState;
+      renderState.depthState.enabled = false;
+      renderState.depthState.writeEnabled = false;
+      const target = renderState.blendState.targetBlendState;
+      target.enabled = true;
+      target.sourceColorBlendFactor = BlendFactor.One;
+      target.destinationColorBlendFactor = BlendFactor.OneMinusSourceAlpha;
+      target.sourceAlphaBlendFactor = BlendFactor.One;
+      target.destinationAlphaBlendFactor = BlendFactor.OneMinusSourceAlpha;
+      UIUtils._overlayBlitMaterial = material;
+    }
+    return material;
+  }
 }
 
 class OverlayCamera {
diff --git a/packages/design/package.json b/packages/design/package.json
index 86e73a7c33..3bbffa9096 100644
--- a/packages/design/package.json
+++ b/packages/design/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-design",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/design/src/physics/IPhysics.ts b/packages/design/src/physics/IPhysics.ts
index 17c9b6b466..91a6c1c7c6 100644
--- a/packages/design/src/physics/IPhysics.ts
+++ b/packages/design/src/physics/IPhysics.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,16 @@ export interface IPhysics {
    */
   createPhysicsScene(physicsManager: IPhysicsManager): IPhysicsScene;
 
+  /**
+   * Get the default contact offset for collider shapes.
+   */
+  getDefaultContactOffset?(): number;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the default sleep threshold for dynamic colliders.
+   */
+  getDefaultSleepThreshold?(): number;
+
   /**
    * Create dynamic collider.
    * @param position - The global position
diff --git a/packages/design/src/renderingHardwareInterface/IHardwareRenderer.ts b/packages/design/src/renderingHardwareInterface/IHardwareRenderer.ts
index bccb92bf65..193ef7a558 100644
--- a/packages/design/src/renderingHardwareInterface/IHardwareRenderer.ts
+++ b/packages/design/src/renderingHardwareInterface/IHardwareRenderer.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
  * Hardware graphics API renderer.
  */
 export interface IHardwareRenderer {
+  readonly maxUniformBlockSize: number;
+
   // todo: implements
   [key: string]: any;
 }
diff --git a/packages/galacean/package.json b/packages/galacean/package.json
index a2bf568984..82a1865fc0 100644
--- a/packages/galacean/package.json
+++ b/packages/galacean/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/loader/package.json b/packages/loader/package.json
index 61e5825838..5e69bbe4e3 100644
--- a/packages/loader/package.json
+++ b/packages/loader/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-loader",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/loader/src/AudioLoader.ts b/packages/loader/src/AudioLoader.ts
index 24c2b788c9..29cd7d40b7 100644
--- a/packages/loader/src/AudioLoader.ts
+++ b/packages/loader/src/AudioLoader.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {
   ResourceManager,
   resourceLoader
 } from "@galacean/engine-core";
-@resourceLoader(AssetType.Audio, ["mp3", "ogg", "wav"])
+@resourceLoader(AssetType.Audio, ["mp3", "ogg", "wav", "audio", "m4a", "aac", "flac"])
 class AudioLoader extends Loader<AudioClip> {
   load(item: LoadItem, resourceManager: ResourceManager): AssetPromise<AudioClip> {
     return new AssetPromise((resolve, reject) => {
diff --git a/packages/loader/src/SceneLoader.ts b/packages/loader/src/SceneLoader.ts
index 069b2db6e2..b16fb2cc92 100644
--- a/packages/loader/src/SceneLoader.ts
+++ b/packages/loader/src/SceneLoader.ts
@@ -128,6 +128,15 @@ class SceneLoader extends Loader<Scene> {
               if (fog.fogColor != undefined) scene.fogColor.copyFrom(fog.fogColor);
             }
 
+            // parse physics
+            const physics = data.scene.physics;
+            // PhysicsScene has a native backing only when the engine was created with a physics backend.
+            // Keep scene files loadable for render-only engines by ignoring serialized physics settings there.
+            if (physics && (engine as any)._physicsInitialized) {
+              if (physics.gravity != undefined) scene.physics.gravity.copyFrom(physics.gravity);
+              if (physics.fixedTimeStep != undefined) scene.physics.fixedTimeStep = physics.fixedTimeStep;
+            }
+
             // Post Process
             const postProcessData = data.scene.postProcess;
             if (postProcessData) {
diff --git a/packages/loader/src/ShaderLoader.ts b/packages/loader/src/ShaderLoader.ts
index 3380ff297e..d7e714af50 100644
--- a/packages/loader/src/ShaderLoader.ts
+++ b/packages/loader/src/ShaderLoader.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {
 } from "@galacean/engine-core";
 import { ShaderChunkLoader } from "./ShaderChunkLoader";
 
-@resourceLoader(AssetType.Shader, ["gs", "gsl"])
+@resourceLoader(AssetType.Shader, ["shader"])
 class ShaderLoader extends Loader<Shader> {
   private static _builtinRegex = /^\s*\/\/\s*@builtin\s+(\w+)/;
 
diff --git a/packages/loader/src/SpriteAtlasLoader.ts b/packages/loader/src/SpriteAtlasLoader.ts
index 0bada4b334..c5a1d6a550 100644
--- a/packages/loader/src/SpriteAtlasLoader.ts
+++ b/packages/loader/src/SpriteAtlasLoader.ts
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class SpriteAtlasLoader extends Loader<SpriteAtlas> {
         const { x: offsetLeft, y: offsetTop, z: offsetRight, w: offsetBottom } = atlasRegionOffset;
         sprite.atlasRegionOffset.set(offsetLeft * invW, offsetTop * invH, offsetRight * invW, offsetBottom * invH);
       }
-      config.atlasRotated && (sprite.atlasRotated = true);
+      sprite.atlasRotated = config.atlasRotated ?? false;
     }
     width === undefined || (sprite.width = width);
     height === undefined || (sprite.height = height);
diff --git a/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFParserContext.ts b/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFParserContext.ts
index 83f9f65124..b549da5ca2 100644
--- a/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFParserContext.ts
+++ b/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFParserContext.ts
@@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ export class GLTFParserContext {
 
       return AssetPromise.all([
         this.get<void>(GLTFParserType.Validator),
+        this.get<Entity>(GLTFParserType.Scene),
         this.get<Texture2D>(GLTFParserType.Texture),
         this.get<Material>(GLTFParserType.Material),
         this.get<ModelMesh[]>(GLTFParserType.Mesh),
         this.get<Skin>(GLTFParserType.Skin),
         this.get<AnimationClip>(GLTFParserType.Animation),
-        this.get<AnimatorController>(GLTFParserType.AnimatorController),
-        this.get<Entity>(GLTFParserType.Scene)
+        this.get<AnimatorController>(GLTFParserType.AnimatorController)
       ]).then(() => {
         const glTFResource = this.glTFResource;
         const animatorController = glTFResource.animatorController;
diff --git a/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSceneParser.ts b/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSceneParser.ts
index 6517356c97..553bf177f2 100644
--- a/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSceneParser.ts
+++ b/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSceneParser.ts
@@ -31,18 +31,14 @@ export class GLTFSceneParser extends GLTFParser {
     const sceneNodes = sceneInfo.nodes || [];
     let sceneRoot: Entity;
 
-    if (sceneNodes.length === 1) {
-      sceneRoot = context.get<Entity>(GLTFParserType.Entity, sceneNodes[0]);
-    } else {
-      sceneRoot = new Entity(engine, "GLTF_ROOT");
-      // @ts-ignore
-      sceneRoot._markAsTemplate(glTFResource);
-      for (let i = 0; i < sceneNodes.length; i++) {
-        const childEntity = context.get<Entity>(GLTFParserType.Entity, sceneNodes[i]);
-        sceneRoot.addChild(childEntity);
-      }
+    sceneRoot = new Entity(engine, "GLTF_ROOT");
+    // @ts-ignore
+    sceneRoot._markAsTemplate(glTFResource);
+    for (let i = 0; i < sceneNodes.length; i++) {
+      sceneRoot.addChild(context.get<Entity>(GLTFParserType.Entity, sceneNodes[i]));
     }
 
+    (glTFResource._sceneRoots ||= [])[index] = sceneRoot;
     if (isDefaultScene) {
       glTFResource._defaultSceneRoot = sceneRoot;
     }
@@ -200,49 +196,9 @@ export class GLTFSceneParser extends GLTFParser {
     if (rootBoneIndex !== -1) {
       BoundingBox.transform(mesh.bounds, inverseBindMatrices[rootBoneIndex], skinnedMeshRenderer.localBounds);
     } else {
-      // Root bone is not in joints list, we can only compute approximate inverse bind matrix
-      // Average all root bone's children inverse bind matrix
-      const approximateBindMatrix = new Matrix(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-      let subRootBoneCount = this._computeApproximateBindMatrix(
-        bones,
-        inverseBindMatrices,
-        rootBone,
-        approximateBindMatrix
-      );
-
-      if (subRootBoneCount !== 0) {
-        Matrix.multiplyScalar(approximateBindMatrix, 1.0 / subRootBoneCount, approximateBindMatrix);
-        BoundingBox.transform(mesh.bounds, approximateBindMatrix, skinnedMeshRenderer.localBounds);
-      } else {
-        skinnedMeshRenderer.localBounds.copyFrom(mesh.bounds);
-      }
+      const inverseRootBoneWorld = new Matrix();
+      Matrix.invert(rootBone.transform.worldMatrix, inverseRootBoneWorld);
+      BoundingBox.transform(mesh.bounds, inverseRootBoneWorld, skinnedMeshRenderer.localBounds);
     }
   }
-
-  private _computeApproximateBindMatrix(
-    jointEntities: ReadonlyArray<Entity>,
-    inverseBindMatrices: Matrix[],
-    rootEntity: Entity,
-    approximateBindMatrix: Matrix
-  ): number {
-    let subRootBoneCount = 0;
-    const children = rootEntity.children;
-    for (let i = 0, n = children.length; i < n; i++) {
-      const rootChild = children[i];
-      const index = jointEntities.indexOf(rootChild);
-      if (index !== -1) {
-        Matrix.add(approximateBindMatrix, inverseBindMatrices[index], approximateBindMatrix);
-        subRootBoneCount++;
-      } else {
-        subRootBoneCount += this._computeApproximateBindMatrix(
-          jointEntities,
-          inverseBindMatrices,
-          rootChild,
-          approximateBindMatrix
-        );
-      }
-    }
-
-    return subRootBoneCount;
-  }
 }
diff --git a/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSkinParser.test.ts b/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSkinParser.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb5714b847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSkinParser.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+describe("GLTFSkinParser rootBone resolution", () => {
+  async function createParser(): Promise<any> {
+    (globalThis as any).window = { AudioContext: undefined, TextMetrics: undefined };
+    const { GLTFSkinParser } = await import("./GLTFSkinParser");
+    return new GLTFSkinParser();
+  }
+
+  it("includes skinned mesh nodes when resolving missing skin.skeleton", async () => {
+    const parser = await createParser();
+    const sceneRoot = { name: "GLTF_ROOT" };
+    const meshRoot = { name: "Character_Man", parent: sceneRoot };
+    const hips = { name: "mixamorig:Hips", parent: sceneRoot };
+    const spine = { name: "mixamorig:Spine", parent: hips };
+
+    const rootBone = (parser as any)._findSkinRootBoneByLCA(
+      0,
+      [1, 2],
+      [meshRoot, hips, spine],
+      [{ name: "Character_Man", skin: 0 }, { name: "mixamorig:Hips" }, { name: "mixamorig:Spine" }]
+    );
+
+    expect(rootBone).toBe(sceneRoot);
+  });
+
+  it("does not promote to the scene wrapper for unrelated top-level siblings", async () => {
+    const parser = await createParser();
+    const sceneRoot = { name: "GLTF_ROOT" };
+    const characterRoot = { name: "Character_Root", parent: sceneRoot };
+    const mesh = { name: "Character_Mesh", parent: characterRoot };
+    const hips = { name: "mixamorig:Hips", parent: characterRoot };
+    const light = { name: "Light", parent: sceneRoot };
+
+    const rootBone = (parser as any)._findSkinRootBoneByLCA(
+      0,
+      [3],
+      [characterRoot, mesh, light, hips],
+      [{ name: "Character_Root" }, { name: "Character_Mesh", skin: 0 }, { name: "Light" }, { name: "mixamorig:Hips" }]
+    );
+
+    expect(rootBone).toBe(characterRoot);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSkinParser.ts b/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSkinParser.ts
index 7c1580e4ca..3f11f487e5 100644
--- a/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSkinParser.ts
+++ b/packages/loader/src/gltf/parser/GLTFSkinParser.ts
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export class GLTFSkinParser extends GLTFParser {
         const rootBone = entities[skeleton];
         skin.rootBone = rootBone;
       } else {
-        const rootBone = this._findSkeletonRootBone(joints, entities);
+        const rootBone = this._findSkinRootBoneByLCA(index, joints, entities, glTF.nodes);
         if (rootBone) {
           skin.rootBone = rootBone;
         } else {
@@ -53,28 +53,50 @@ export class GLTFSkinParser extends GLTFParser {
     return AssetPromise.resolve(skinPromise);
   }
 
-  private _findSkeletonRootBone(joints: number[], entities: Entity[]): Entity {
-    const paths = <Record<number, Entity[]>>{};
-    for (const index of joints) {
+  private _findSkinRootBoneByLCA(
+    skinIndex: number,
+    joints: number[],
+    entities: Entity[],
+    nodes: Array<{ skin?: number }> = []
+  ): Entity | null {
+    const nodeIndices = joints.slice();
+    for (let i = 0, n = nodes.length; i < n; i++) {
+      if (nodes[i]?.skin === skinIndex) {
+        nodeIndices.push(i);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return this._findRootBoneByLCA(nodeIndices, entities);
+  }
+
+  private _findRootBoneByLCA(nodeIndices: number[], entities: Entity[]): Entity | null {
+    const paths: Entity[][] = [];
+    for (const index of nodeIndices) {
       const path = new Array<Entity>();
       let entity = entities[index];
       while (entity) {
         path.unshift(entity);
         entity = entity.parent;
       }
-      paths[index] = path;
+      if (path.length) {
+        paths.push(path);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!paths.length) {
+      return null;
     }
 
-    let rootNode = <Entity>null;
+    let rootNode: Entity | null = null;
     for (let i = 0; ; i++) {
-      let path = paths[joints[0]];
+      let path = paths[0];
       if (i >= path.length) {
         return rootNode;
       }
 
       const entity = path[i];
-      for (let j = 1, m = joints.length; j < m; j++) {
-        path = paths[joints[j]];
+      for (let j = 1, m = paths.length; j < m; j++) {
+        path = paths[j];
         if (i >= path.length || entity !== path[i]) {
           return rootNode;
         }
diff --git a/packages/loader/src/resource-deserialize/resources/parser/ReflectionParser.ts b/packages/loader/src/resource-deserialize/resources/parser/ReflectionParser.ts
index e79ea06864..fe92bbcf6a 100644
--- a/packages/loader/src/resource-deserialize/resources/parser/ReflectionParser.ts
+++ b/packages/loader/src/resource-deserialize/resources/parser/ReflectionParser.ts
@@ -125,7 +125,14 @@ export class ReflectionParser {
         if (!entity) return Promise.resolve(null);
         const type = Loader.getClass(value.componentType);
         if (!type) return Promise.resolve(null);
-        return Promise.resolve(entity.getComponents(type, [])[value.componentIndex] ?? null);
+        // Try direct components first, fallback to children search (for GLB clone entities
+        // where the component lives on a child entity inside the clone)
+        const direct = entity.getComponents(type, []);
+        const result = direct[value.componentIndex];
+        if (result) return Promise.resolve(result);
+        const includeChildren: any[] = [];
+        entity.getComponentsIncludeChildren(type, includeChildren);
+        return Promise.resolve(includeChildren[value.componentIndex] ?? null);
       } else if (ReflectionParser._isEntityRef(value)) {
         return Promise.resolve(this._resolveEntityByPath(value.entityPath));
       } else if (ReflectionParser._isSignalRef(value)) {
diff --git a/packages/loader/src/resource-deserialize/resources/schema/SceneSchema.ts b/packages/loader/src/resource-deserialize/resources/schema/SceneSchema.ts
index 81aaff21d6..1f64dcb87c 100644
--- a/packages/loader/src/resource-deserialize/resources/schema/SceneSchema.ts
+++ b/packages/loader/src/resource-deserialize/resources/schema/SceneSchema.ts
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ export interface IScene extends IHierarchyFile {
       fogDensity: number;
       fogColor: IColor;
     };
+    physics?: {
+      gravity?: IVector3;
+      fixedTimeStep?: number;
+    };
     postProcess?: {
       isActive: boolean;
       bloom: {
diff --git a/packages/math/package.json b/packages/math/package.json
index 42a52983a1..82055446bd 100644
--- a/packages/math/package.json
+++ b/packages/math/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-math",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/physics-lite/package.json b/packages/physics-lite/package.json
index 30c4065480..9eaa1e74c4 100644
--- a/packages/physics-lite/package.json
+++ b/packages/physics-lite/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-physics-lite",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/physics-lite/src/LitePhysicsMaterial.ts b/packages/physics-lite/src/LitePhysicsMaterial.ts
index 7983beb394..de1a0dee53 100644
--- a/packages/physics-lite/src/LitePhysicsMaterial.ts
+++ b/packages/physics-lite/src/LitePhysicsMaterial.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,16 @@ import { IPhysicsMaterial } from "@galacean/engine-design";
 
 /**
  * Physics material describes how to handle colliding objects (friction, bounciness).
+ *
+ * Physics-lite does not implement material effects; setters are no-ops (matching
+ * the convention used by `LiteColliderShape.setMaterial/setContactOffset/setIsTrigger`).
+ * This lets engine-side state changes (including clone `_syncNative` re-writes) flow
+ * through without crashing while still leaving a one-time hint via console.log on
+ * the first write so users notice the limitation.
  */
 export class LitePhysicsMaterial implements IPhysicsMaterial {
+  private static _warned = false;
+
   constructor(
     staticFriction: number,
     dynamicFriction: number,
@@ -16,39 +24,45 @@ export class LitePhysicsMaterial implements IPhysicsMaterial {
    * {@inheritDoc IPhysicsMaterial.setBounciness }
    */
   setBounciness(value: number): void {
-    throw "Physics-lite don't support physics material. Use Physics-PhysX instead!";
+    LitePhysicsMaterial._warnOnce();
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IPhysicsMaterial.setDynamicFriction }
    */
   setDynamicFriction(value: number): void {
-    throw "Physics-lite don't support physics material. Use Physics-PhysX instead!";
+    LitePhysicsMaterial._warnOnce();
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IPhysicsMaterial.setStaticFriction }
    */
   setStaticFriction(value: number): void {
-    throw "Physics-lite don't support physics material. Use Physics-PhysX instead!";
+    LitePhysicsMaterial._warnOnce();
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IPhysicsMaterial.setBounceCombine }
    */
   setBounceCombine(value: number): void {
-    throw "Physics-lite don't support physics material. Use Physics-PhysX instead!";
+    LitePhysicsMaterial._warnOnce();
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IPhysicsMaterial.setFrictionCombine }
    */
   setFrictionCombine(value: number): void {
-    throw "Physics-lite don't support physics material. Use Physics-PhysX instead!";
+    LitePhysicsMaterial._warnOnce();
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IPhysicsMaterial.destroy }
    */
   destroy(): void {}
+
+  private static _warnOnce(): void {
+    if (LitePhysicsMaterial._warned) return;
+    LitePhysicsMaterial._warned = true;
+    console.log("Physics-lite don't support physics material. Use Physics-PhysX instead!");
+  }
 }
diff --git a/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.js b/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.js
index 426e4ca185..f816e9dce3 100644
--- a/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.js
+++ b/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.js
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-var PHYSX=(()=>{var _scriptName=globalThis.document?.currentScript?.src;return async function(moduleArg={}){var moduleRtn;var Module=moduleArg;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB=!!globalThis.window;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER=!!globalThis.WorkerGlobalScope;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE=globalThis.process?.versions?.node&&globalThis.process?.type!="renderer";var arguments_=[];var thisProgram="./this.program";var quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{throw toThrow};if(typeof __filename!="undefined"){_scriptName=__filename}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){_scriptName=self.location.href}var scriptDirectory="";function locateFile(path){if(Module["locateFile"]){return Module["locateFile"](path,scriptDirectory)}return scriptDirectory+path}var readAsync,readBinary;if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){var fs=require("node:fs");scriptDirectory=__dirname+"/";readBinary=filename=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename);return ret};readAsync=async(filename,binary=true)=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename,binary?undefined:"utf8");return ret};if(process.argv.length>1){thisProgram=process.argv[1].replace(/\\/g,"/")}arguments_=process.argv.slice(2);quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{process.exitCode=status;throw toThrow}}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB||ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){try{scriptDirectory=new URL(".",_scriptName).href}catch{}{if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){readBinary=url=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,false);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.send(null);return new Uint8Array(xhr.response)}}readAsync=async url=>{if(isFileURI(url)){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,true);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.onload=()=>{if(xhr.status==200||xhr.status==0&&xhr.response){resolve(xhr.response);return}reject(xhr.status)};xhr.onerror=reject;xhr.send(null)})}var response=await fetch(url,{credentials:"same-origin"});if(response.ok){return response.arrayBuffer()}throw new Error(response.status+" : "+response.url)}}}else{}var out=console.log.bind(console);var err=console.error.bind(console);var wasmBinary;var ABORT=false;var EXITSTATUS;var isFileURI=filename=>filename.startsWith("file://");var readyPromiseResolve,readyPromiseReject;var HEAP8,HEAPU8,HEAP16,HEAPU16,HEAP32,HEAPU32,HEAPF32,HEAPF64;var HEAP64,HEAPU64;var runtimeInitialized=false;function updateMemoryViews(){var b=wasmMemory.buffer;HEAP8=new Int8Array(b);HEAP16=new Int16Array(b);HEAPU8=new Uint8Array(b);Module["HEAPU16"]=HEAPU16=new Uint16Array(b);HEAP32=new Int32Array(b);Module["HEAPU32"]=HEAPU32=new Uint32Array(b);Module["HEAPF32"]=HEAPF32=new Float32Array(b);HEAPF64=new Float64Array(b);HEAP64=new BigInt64Array(b);HEAPU64=new BigUint64Array(b)}function preRun(){if(Module["preRun"]){if(typeof Module["preRun"]=="function")Module["preRun"]=[Module["preRun"]];while(Module["preRun"].length){addOnPreRun(Module["preRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPreRuns)}function initRuntime(){runtimeInitialized=true;wasmExports["P"]()}function postRun(){if(Module["postRun"]){if(typeof Module["postRun"]=="function")Module["postRun"]=[Module["postRun"]];while(Module["postRun"].length){addOnPostRun(Module["postRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPostRuns)}function abort(what){Module["onAbort"]?.(what);what="Aborted("+what+")";err(what);ABORT=true;what+=". Build with -sASSERTIONS for more info.";var e=new WebAssembly.RuntimeError(what);readyPromiseReject?.(e);throw e}var wasmBinaryFile;function findWasmBinary(){return "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/rms/afts/file/A*RkDQSaUOhxsAAAAAgCAAAAgAehQnAQ/physx.release.wasm"}function getBinarySync(file){if(file==wasmBinaryFile&&wasmBinary){return new Uint8Array(wasmBinary)}if(readBinary){return readBinary(file)}throw"both async and sync fetching of the wasm failed"}async function getWasmBinary(binaryFile){if(!wasmBinary){try{var response=await readAsync(binaryFile);return new Uint8Array(response)}catch{}}return getBinarySync(binaryFile)}async function instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports){try{var binary=await getWasmBinary(binaryFile);var instance=await WebAssembly.instantiate(binary,imports);return instance}catch(reason){err(`failed to asynchronously prepare wasm: ${reason}`);abort(reason)}}async function instantiateAsync(binary,binaryFile,imports){if(!binary&&!isFileURI(binaryFile)&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){try{var response=fetch(binaryFile,{credentials:"same-origin"});var instantiationResult=await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(response,imports);return instantiationResult}catch(reason){err(`wasm streaming compile failed: ${reason}`);err("falling back to ArrayBuffer instantiation")}}return instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports)}function getWasmImports(){var imports={a:wasmImports};return imports}async function createWasm(){function receiveInstance(instance,module){wasmExports=instance.exports;assignWasmExports(wasmExports);updateMemoryViews();return wasmExports}function receiveInstantiationResult(result){return receiveInstance(result["instance"])}var info=getWasmImports();if(Module["instantiateWasm"]){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{Module["instantiateWasm"](info,(inst,mod)=>{resolve(receiveInstance(inst,mod))})})}wasmBinaryFile??=findWasmBinary();var result=await instantiateAsync(wasmBinary,wasmBinaryFile,info);var exports=receiveInstantiationResult(result);return exports}class ExitStatus{name="ExitStatus";constructor(status){this.message=`Program terminated with exit(${status})`;this.status=status}}var callRuntimeCallbacks=callbacks=>{while(callbacks.length>0){callbacks.shift()(Module)}};var onPostRuns=[];var addOnPostRun=cb=>onPostRuns.push(cb);var onPreRuns=[];var addOnPreRun=cb=>onPreRuns.push(cb);var noExitRuntime=true;var __abort_js=()=>abort("");var createNamedFunction=(name,func)=>Object.defineProperty(func,"name",{value:name});var emval_freelist=[];var emval_handles=[0,1,,1,null,1,true,1,false,1];var BindingError=class BindingError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="BindingError"}};var throwBindingError=message=>{throw new BindingError(message)};var Emval={toValue:handle=>{if(!handle){throwBindingError(`Cannot use deleted val. handle = ${handle}`)}return emval_handles[handle]},toHandle:value=>{switch(value){case undefined:return 2;case null:return 4;case true:return 6;case false:return 8;default:{const handle=emval_freelist.pop()||emval_handles.length;emval_handles[handle]=value;emval_handles[handle+1]=1;return handle}}}};class PureVirtualError extends Error{}var AsciiToString=ptr=>{var str="";while(1){var ch=HEAPU8[ptr++];if(!ch)return str;str+=String.fromCharCode(ch)}};var registeredInstances={};var getBasestPointer=(class_,ptr)=>{if(ptr===undefined){throwBindingError("ptr should not be undefined")}while(class_.baseClass){ptr=class_.upcast(ptr);class_=class_.baseClass}return ptr};var registerInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr,instance)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){throwBindingError(`Tried to register registered instance: ${ptr}`)}else{registeredInstances[ptr]=instance}};var registeredTypes={};var getTypeName=type=>{var ptr=___getTypeName(type);var rv=AsciiToString(ptr);_free(ptr);return rv};var requireRegisteredType=(rawType,humanName)=>{var impl=registeredTypes[rawType];if(undefined===impl){throwBindingError(`${humanName} has unknown type ${getTypeName(rawType)}`)}return impl};var unregisterInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){delete registeredInstances[ptr]}else{throwBindingError(`Tried to unregister unregistered instance: ${ptr}`)}};var detachFinalizer=handle=>{};var finalizationRegistry=false;var runDestructor=$$=>{if($$.smartPtr){$$.smartPtrType.rawDestructor($$.smartPtr)}else{$$.ptrType.registeredClass.rawDestructor($$.ptr)}};var releaseClassHandle=$$=>{$$.count.value-=1;var toDelete=0===$$.count.value;if(toDelete){runDestructor($$)}};var attachFinalizer=handle=>{if(!globalThis.FinalizationRegistry){attachFinalizer=handle=>handle;return handle}finalizationRegistry=new FinalizationRegistry(info=>{releaseClassHandle(info.$$)});attachFinalizer=handle=>{var $$=handle.$$;var hasSmartPtr=!!$$.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtr){var info={$$};finalizationRegistry.register(handle,info,handle)}return handle};detachFinalizer=handle=>finalizationRegistry.unregister(handle);return attachFinalizer(handle)};var __embind_create_inheriting_constructor=(constructorName,wrapperType,properties)=>{constructorName=AsciiToString(constructorName);wrapperType=requireRegisteredType(wrapperType,"wrapper");properties=Emval.toValue(properties);var registeredClass=wrapperType.registeredClass;var wrapperPrototype=registeredClass.instancePrototype;var baseClass=registeredClass.baseClass;var baseClassPrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype;var baseConstructor=registeredClass.baseClass.constructor;var ctor=createNamedFunction(constructorName,function(...args){for(var name of registeredClass.baseClass.pureVirtualFunctions){if(this[name]===baseClassPrototype[name]){throw new PureVirtualError(`Pure virtual function ${name} must be implemented in 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del=destructors.pop();del(ptr)}};function readPointer(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])}var awaitingDependencies={};var typeDependencies={};var InternalError=class InternalError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="InternalError"}};var throwInternalError=message=>{throw new InternalError(message)};var whenDependentTypesAreResolved=(myTypes,dependentTypes,getTypeConverters)=>{myTypes.forEach(type=>typeDependencies[type]=dependentTypes);function onComplete(typeConverters){var myTypeConverters=getTypeConverters(typeConverters);if(myTypeConverters.length!==myTypes.length){throwInternalError("Mismatched type converter count")}for(var i=0;i<myTypes.length;++i){registerType(myTypes[i],myTypeConverters[i])}}var typeConverters=new Array(dependentTypes.length);var unregisteredTypes=[];var registered=0;for(let[i,dt]of 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sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){var name=registeredInstance.name;if(!rawType){throwBindingError(`type "${name}" must have a positive integer typeid pointer`)}if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){if(options.ignoreDuplicateRegistrations){return}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot register type '${name}' twice`)}}registeredTypes[rawType]=registeredInstance;delete typeDependencies[rawType];if(awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){var callbacks=awaitingDependencies[rawType];delete awaitingDependencies[rawType];callbacks.forEach(cb=>cb())}}function registerType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){return sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options)}var integerReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?pointer=>HEAP8[pointer]:pointer=>HEAPU8[pointer];case 2:return signed?pointer=>HEAP16[pointer>>1]:pointer=>HEAPU16[pointer>>1];case 4:return signed?pointer=>HEAP32[pointer>>2]:pointer=>HEAPU32[pointer>>2];case 8:return signed?pointer=>HEAP64[pointer>>3]:pointer=>HEAPU64[pointer>>3];default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_bigint=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0n;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){const bitSize=size*8;fromWireType=value=>BigInt.asUintN(bitSize,value);maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(typeof value=="number"){value=BigInt(value)}return value},readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,!isUnsignedType),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_bool=(rawType,name,trueValue,falseValue)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:function(wt){return!!wt},toWireType:function(destructors,o){return o?trueValue:falseValue},readValueFromPointer:function(pointer){return 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right=other.$$.ptr;while(leftClass.baseClass){left=leftClass.upcast(left);leftClass=leftClass.baseClass}while(rightClass.baseClass){right=rightClass.upcast(right);rightClass=rightClass.baseClass}return leftClass===rightClass&&left===right},clone(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.count.value+=1;return this}else{var clone=attachFinalizer(Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this),{$$:{value:shallowCopyInternalPointer(this.$$)}}));clone.$$.count.value+=1;clone.$$.deleteScheduled=false;return clone}},delete(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for 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expects one of (${proto[methodName].overloadTable})!`)}return proto[methodName].overloadTable[args.length].apply(this,args)};proto[methodName].overloadTable=[];proto[methodName].overloadTable[prevFunc.argCount]=prevFunc}};var exposePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){if(undefined===numArguments||undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]){throwBindingError(`Cannot register public name '${name}' twice`)}ensureOverloadTable(Module,name,name);if(Module[name].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(numArguments)){throwBindingError(`Cannot register multiple overloads of a function with the same number of arguments (${numArguments})!`)}Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var char_0=48;var char_9=57;var makeLegalFunctionName=name=>{name=name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g,"$");var f=name.charCodeAt(0);if(f>=char_0&&f<=char_9){return`_${name}`}return name};function RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast){this.name=name;this.constructor=constructor;this.instancePrototype=instancePrototype;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;this.baseClass=baseClass;this.getActualType=getActualType;this.upcast=upcast;this.downcast=downcast;this.pureVirtualFunctions=[]}var upcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{while(ptrClass!==desiredClass){if(!ptrClass.upcast){throwBindingError(`Expected null or instance of ${desiredClass.name}, got an instance of ${ptrClass.name}`)}ptr=ptrClass.upcast(ptr);ptrClass=ptrClass.baseClass}return ptr};var embindRepr=v=>{if(v===null){return"null"}var t=typeof v;if(t==="object"||t==="array"||t==="function"){return v.toString()}else{return""+v}};function constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}function genericPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){var ptr;if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}if(this.isSmartPointer){ptr=this.rawConstructor();if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr}else{return 0}}if(!handle||!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(!this.isConst&&handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);if(this.isSmartPointer){if(undefined===handle.$$.smartPtr){throwBindingError("Passing raw pointer to smart pointer is illegal")}switch(this.sharingPolicy){case 0:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}break;case 1:ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr;break;case 2:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{var clonedHandle=handle["clone"]();ptr=this.rawShare(ptr,Emval.toHandle(()=>clonedHandle["delete"]()));if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}}break;default:throwBindingError("Unsupported sharing policy")}}return ptr}function nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}var downcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{if(ptrClass===desiredClass){return ptr}if(undefined===desiredClass.baseClass){return null}var rv=downcastPointer(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass.baseClass);if(rv===null){return null}return desiredClass.downcast(rv)};var getInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);return registeredInstances[ptr]};var makeClassHandle=(prototype,record)=>{if(!record.ptrType||!record.ptr){throwInternalError("makeClassHandle requires ptr and ptrType")}var hasSmartPtrType=!!record.smartPtrType;var hasSmartPtr=!!record.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtrType!==hasSmartPtr){throwInternalError("Both smartPtrType and smartPtr must be specified")}record.count={value:1};return attachFinalizer(Object.create(prototype,{$$:{value:record,writable:true}}))};function RegisteredPointer_fromWireType(ptr){var rawPointer=this.getPointee(ptr);if(!rawPointer){this.destructor(ptr);return null}var registeredInstance=getInheritedInstance(this.registeredClass,rawPointer);if(undefined!==registeredInstance){if(0===registeredInstance.$$.count.value){registeredInstance.$$.ptr=rawPointer;registeredInstance.$$.smartPtr=ptr;return registeredInstance["clone"]()}else{var rv=registeredInstance["clone"]();this.destructor(ptr);return rv}}function makeDefaultHandle(){if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this.pointeeType,ptr:rawPointer,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this,ptr})}}var actualType=this.registeredClass.getActualType(rawPointer);var registeredPointerRecord=registeredPointers[actualType];if(!registeredPointerRecord){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}var toType;if(this.isConst){toType=registeredPointerRecord.constPointerType}else{toType=registeredPointerRecord.pointerType}var dp=downcastPointer(rawPointer,this.registeredClass,toType.registeredClass);if(dp===null){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp})}}var init_RegisteredPointer=()=>{Object.assign(RegisteredPointer.prototype,{getPointee(ptr){if(this.rawGetPointee){ptr=this.rawGetPointee(ptr)}return ptr},destructor(ptr){this.rawDestructor?.(ptr)},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,fromWireType:RegisteredPointer_fromWireType})};function RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,isReference,isConst,isSmartPointer,pointeeType,sharingPolicy,rawGetPointee,rawConstructor,rawShare,rawDestructor){this.name=name;this.registeredClass=registeredClass;this.isReference=isReference;this.isConst=isConst;this.isSmartPointer=isSmartPointer;this.pointeeType=pointeeType;this.sharingPolicy=sharingPolicy;this.rawGetPointee=rawGetPointee;this.rawConstructor=rawConstructor;this.rawShare=rawShare;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;if(!isSmartPointer&&registeredClass.baseClass===undefined){if(isConst){this.toWireType=constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}else{this.toWireType=nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}}else{this.toWireType=genericPointerToWireType}}var replacePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(!Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){throwInternalError("Replacing nonexistent public symbol")}if(undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==numArguments){Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var wasmTableMirror=[];var getWasmTableEntry=funcPtr=>{var func=wasmTableMirror[funcPtr];if(!func){wasmTableMirror[funcPtr]=func=wasmTable.get(funcPtr)}return func};var embind__requireFunction=(signature,rawFunction,isAsync=false)=>{signature=AsciiToString(signature);function makeDynCaller(){var rtn=getWasmTableEntry(rawFunction);return rtn}var fp=makeDynCaller();if(typeof fp!="function"){throwBindingError(`unknown function pointer with signature ${signature}: ${rawFunction}`)}return fp};class UnboundTypeError extends Error{}var throwUnboundTypeError=(message,types)=>{var unboundTypes=[];var seen={};function visit(type){if(seen[type]){return}if(registeredTypes[type]){return}if(typeDependencies[type]){typeDependencies[type].forEach(visit);return}unboundTypes.push(type);seen[type]=true}types.forEach(visit);throw new UnboundTypeError(`${message}: `+unboundTypes.map(getTypeName).join([", "]))};var __embind_register_class=(rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType,baseClassRawType,getActualTypeSignature,getActualType,upcastSignature,upcast,downcastSignature,downcast,name,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);getActualType=embind__requireFunction(getActualTypeSignature,getActualType);upcast&&=embind__requireFunction(upcastSignature,upcast);downcast&&=embind__requireFunction(downcastSignature,downcast);rawDestructor=embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor);var legalFunctionName=makeLegalFunctionName(name);exposePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${name} due to unbound types`,[baseClassRawType])});whenDependentTypesAreResolved([rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType],baseClassRawType?[baseClassRawType]:[],base=>{base=base[0];var baseClass;var basePrototype;if(baseClassRawType){baseClass=base.registeredClass;basePrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype}else{basePrototype=ClassHandle.prototype}var constructor=createNamedFunction(name,function(...args){if(Object.getPrototypeOf(this)!==instancePrototype){throw new BindingError(`Use 'new' to construct ${name}`)}if(undefined===registeredClass.constructor_body){throw new BindingError(`${name} has no accessible constructor`)}var body=registeredClass.constructor_body[args.length];if(undefined===body){throw new BindingError(`Tried to invoke ctor of ${name} with invalid number of parameters (${args.length}) - expected (${Object.keys(registeredClass.constructor_body).toString()}) parameters instead!`)}return body.apply(this,args)});var instancePrototype=Object.create(basePrototype,{constructor:{value:constructor}});constructor.prototype=instancePrototype;var registeredClass=new RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast);if(registeredClass.baseClass){registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses??=[];registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses.push(registeredClass)}var referenceConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,true,false,false);var pointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+"*",registeredClass,false,false,false);var constPointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+" const*",registeredClass,false,true,false);registeredPointers[rawType]={pointerType:pointerConverter,constPointerType:constPointerConverter};replacePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,constructor);return[referenceConverter,pointerConverter,constPointerConverter]})};function usesDestructorStack(argTypes){for(var i=1;i<argTypes.length;++i){if(argTypes[i]!==null&&argTypes[i].destructorFunction===undefined){return true}}return false}function craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,cppInvokerFunc,cppTargetFunc,isAsync){var argCount=argTypes.length;if(argCount<2){throwBindingError("argTypes array size mismatch! Must at least get return value and 'this' types!")}var isClassMethodFunc=argTypes[1]!==null&&classType!==null;var needsDestructorStack=usesDestructorStack(argTypes);var returns=!argTypes[0].isVoid;var expectedArgCount=argCount-2;var argsWired=new Array(expectedArgCount);var invokerFuncArgs=[];var destructors=[];var invokerFn=function(...args){destructors.length=0;var thisWired;invokerFuncArgs.length=isClassMethodFunc?2:1;invokerFuncArgs[0]=cppTargetFunc;if(isClassMethodFunc){thisWired=argTypes[1].toWireType(destructors,this);invokerFuncArgs[1]=thisWired}for(var i=0;i<expectedArgCount;++i){argsWired[i]=argTypes[i+2].toWireType(destructors,args[i]);invokerFuncArgs.push(argsWired[i])}var rv=cppInvokerFunc(...invokerFuncArgs);function onDone(rv){if(needsDestructorStack){runDestructors(destructors)}else{for(var i=isClassMethodFunc?1:2;i<argTypes.length;i++){var param=i===1?thisWired:argsWired[i-2];if(argTypes[i].destructorFunction!==null){argTypes[i].destructorFunction(param)}}}if(returns){return argTypes[0].fromWireType(rv)}}return onDone(rv)};return createNamedFunction(humanName,invokerFn)}var heap32VectorToArray=(count,firstElement)=>{var array=[];for(var i=0;i<count;i++){array.push(HEAPU32[firstElement+i*4>>2])}return array};var getFunctionName=signature=>{signature=signature.trim();const argsIndex=signature.indexOf("(");if(argsIndex===-1)return signature;return signature.slice(0,argsIndex)};var __embind_register_class_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}var proto=classType.registeredClass.constructor;if(undefined===proto[methodName]){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));var func=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){func.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=func}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=func}if(classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){for(const derivedClass of classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){if(!derivedClass.constructor.hasOwnProperty(methodName)){derivedClass.constructor[methodName]=func}}}return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_constructor=(rawClassType,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,invoker,rawConstructor)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);invoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,invoker);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`constructor ${classType.name}`;if(undefined===classType.registeredClass.constructor_body){classType.registeredClass.constructor_body=[]}if(undefined!==classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]){throw new BindingError(`Cannot register multiple constructors with identical number of parameters (${argCount-1}) for class '${classType.name}'! Overload resolution is currently only performed using the parameter count, not actual type info!`)}classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=()=>{throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${classType.name} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)};whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{argTypes.splice(1,0,null);classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,null,invoker,rawConstructor);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,context,isPureVirtual,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}if(isPureVirtual){classType.registeredClass.pureVirtualFunctions.push(methodName)}function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}var proto=classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype;var method=proto[methodName];if(undefined===method||undefined===method.overloadTable&&method.className!==classType.name&&method.argCount===argCount-2){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-2;unboundTypesHandler.className=classType.name;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var memberFunction=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,rawInvoker,context,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){memberFunction.argCount=argCount-2;proto[methodName]=memberFunction}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=memberFunction}return[]});return[]})};var validateThis=(this_,classType,humanName)=>{if(!(this_ instanceof Object)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} with invalid "this": ${this_}`)}if(!(this_ instanceof classType.registeredClass.constructor)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} incompatible with "this" of type ${this_.constructor.name}`)}if(!this_.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`cannot call emscripten binding method ${humanName} on deleted object`)}return upcastPointer(this_.$$.ptr,this_.$$.ptrType.registeredClass,classType.registeredClass)};var __embind_register_class_property=(classType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{fieldName=AsciiToString(fieldName);getter=embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[classType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${fieldName}`;var desc={get(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])},enumerable:true,configurable:true};if(setter){desc.set=()=>throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])}else{desc.set=v=>throwBindingError(humanName+" is a read-only property")}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],setter?[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType]:[getterReturnType],types=>{var getterReturnType=types[0];var desc={get(){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" getter");return getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr))},enumerable:true};if(setter){setter=embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter);var setterArgumentType=types[1];desc.set=function(v){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" setter");var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,v));runDestructors(destructors)}}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_constant=(name,type,value)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[type],type=>{type=type[0];Module[name]=type.fromWireType(value);return[]})};var __emval_decref=handle=>{if(handle>9&&0===--emval_handles[handle+1]){emval_handles[handle]=undefined;emval_freelist.push(handle)}};var EmValType={name:"emscripten::val",fromWireType:handle=>{var rv=Emval.toValue(handle);__emval_decref(handle);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>Emval.toHandle(value),readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:null};var __embind_register_emval=rawType=>registerType(rawType,EmValType);var enumReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP8[pointer])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])};case 2:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP16[pointer>>1])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU16[pointer>>1])};case 4:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP32[pointer>>2])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};function getEnumValueType(rawValueType){return rawValueType===0?"object":rawValueType===1?"number":"string"}var __embind_register_enum=(rawType,name,size,isSigned,rawValueType)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const valueType=getEnumValueType(rawValueType);switch(valueType){case"object":{function ctor(){}ctor.values={};registerType(rawType,{name,constructor:ctor,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.constructor.values[c]},toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c.value,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,ctor);break}case"number":{var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:c=>c,toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}case"string":{var valuesMap={};var reverseMap={};var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,valuesMap,reverseMap,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.reverseMap[c]},toWireType:function(destructors,c){return this.valuesMap[c]},readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}}};var __embind_register_enum_value=(rawEnumType,name,enumValue)=>{var enumType=requireRegisteredType(rawEnumType,"enum");name=AsciiToString(name);switch(enumType.valueType){case"object":{var Enum=enumType.constructor;var Value=Object.create(enumType.constructor.prototype,{value:{value:enumValue},constructor:{value:createNamedFunction(`${enumType.name}_${name}`,function(){})}});Enum.values[enumValue]=Value;Enum[name]=Value;break}case"number":{enumType.keysMap[name]=enumValue;break}case"string":{enumType.valuesMap[name]=enumValue;enumType.reverseMap[enumValue]=name;enumType.keysMap[name]=name;break}}};var floatReadValueFromPointer=(name,width)=>{switch(width){case 4:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF32[pointer>>2])};case 8:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF64[pointer>>3])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid float width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_float=(rawType,name,size)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>value,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:floatReadValueFromPointer(name,size),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_function=(name,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,signature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var argTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);name=AsciiToString(name);name=getFunctionName(name);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(signature,rawInvoker,isAsync);exposePublicSymbol(name,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${name} due to unbound types`,argTypes)},argCount-1);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],argTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));replacePublicSymbol(name,craftInvokerFunction(name,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync),argCount-1);return[]})};var __embind_register_integer=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){var bitshift=32-8*size;fromWireType=value=>value<<bitshift>>>bitshift;maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,minRange!==0),destructorFunction:null})};var installIndexedIterator=(proto,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{const makeIterator=(size,getValue)=>{let index=0;return{next(){if(index>=size){return{done:true}}const current=index;index++;const value=getValue(current);return{value,done:false}},[Symbol.iterator](){return this}}};if(!proto[Symbol.iterator]){proto[Symbol.iterator]=function(){const size=this[sizeMethodName]();return makeIterator(size,i=>this[getMethodName](i))}}};var __embind_register_iterable=(rawClassType,rawElementType,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{sizeMethodName=AsciiToString(sizeMethodName);getMethodName=AsciiToString(getMethodName);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType,rawElementType],types=>{const classType=types[0];installIndexedIterator(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,sizeMethodName,getMethodName);return[]})};var __embind_register_memory_view=(rawType,dataTypeIndex,name)=>{var typeMapping=[Int8Array,Uint8Array,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array,BigInt64Array,BigUint64Array];var TA=typeMapping[dataTypeIndex];function decodeMemoryView(handle){var size=HEAPU32[handle>>2];var data=HEAPU32[handle+4>>2];return new TA(HEAP8.buffer,data,size)}name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:decodeMemoryView,readValueFromPointer:decodeMemoryView},{ignoreDuplicateRegistrations:true})};var EmValOptionalType=Object.assign({optional:true},EmValType);var __embind_register_optional=(rawOptionalType,rawType)=>{registerType(rawOptionalType,EmValOptionalType)};var stringToUTF8Array=(str,heap,outIdx,maxBytesToWrite)=>{if(!(maxBytesToWrite>0))return 0;var startIdx=outIdx;var endIdx=outIdx+maxBytesToWrite-1;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var u=str.codePointAt(i);if(u<=127){if(outIdx>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=u}else if(u<=2047){if(outIdx+1>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=192|u>>6;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else if(u<=65535){if(outIdx+2>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=224|u>>12;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else{if(outIdx+3>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=240|u>>18;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>12&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63;i++}}heap[outIdx]=0;return outIdx-startIdx};var stringToUTF8=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>stringToUTF8Array(str,HEAPU8,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite);var lengthBytesUTF8=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var c=str.charCodeAt(i);if(c<=127){len++}else if(c<=2047){len+=2}else if(c>=55296&&c<=57343){len+=4;++i}else{len+=3}}return len};var UTF8Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder&&new TextDecoder;var findStringEnd=(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var maxIdx=idx+maxBytesToRead;if(ignoreNul)return maxIdx;while(heapOrArray[idx]&&!(idx>=maxIdx))++idx;return idx};var UTF8ArrayToString=(heapOrArray,idx=0,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var endPtr=findStringEnd(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul);if(endPtr-idx>16&&heapOrArray.buffer&&UTF8Decoder){return UTF8Decoder.decode(heapOrArray.subarray(idx,endPtr))}var str="";while(idx<endPtr){var u0=heapOrArray[idx++];if(!(u0&128)){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0);continue}var u1=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&224)==192){str+=String.fromCharCode((u0&31)<<6|u1);continue}var u2=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&240)==224){u0=(u0&15)<<12|u1<<6|u2}else{u0=(u0&7)<<18|u1<<12|u2<<6|heapOrArray[idx++]&63}if(u0<65536){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0)}else{var ch=u0-65536;str+=String.fromCharCode(55296|ch>>10,56320|ch&1023)}}return str};var UTF8ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>ptr?UTF8ArrayToString(HEAPU8,ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul):"";var __embind_register_std_string=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var stdStringIsUTF8=true;registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType(value){var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var payload=value+4;var str;if(stdStringIsUTF8){str=UTF8ToString(payload,length,true)}else{str="";for(var i=0;i<length;++i){str+=String.fromCharCode(HEAPU8[payload+i])}}_free(value);return str},toWireType(destructors,value){if(value instanceof ArrayBuffer){value=new Uint8Array(value)}var length;var valueIsOfTypeString=typeof value=="string";if(!(valueIsOfTypeString||ArrayBuffer.isView(value)&&value.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT==1)){throwBindingError("Cannot pass non-string to std::string")}if(stdStringIsUTF8&&valueIsOfTypeString){length=lengthBytesUTF8(value)}else{length=value.length}var base=_malloc(4+length+1);var ptr=base+4;HEAPU32[base>>2]=length;if(valueIsOfTypeString){if(stdStringIsUTF8){stringToUTF8(value,ptr,length+1)}else{for(var i=0;i<length;++i){var charCode=value.charCodeAt(i);if(charCode>255){_free(base);throwBindingError("String has UTF-16 code units that do not fit in 8 bits")}HEAPU8[ptr+i]=charCode}}}else{HEAPU8.set(value,ptr)}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,base)}return base},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var UTF16Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder?new TextDecoder("utf-16le"):undefined;var UTF16ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var idx=ptr>>1;var endIdx=findStringEnd(HEAPU16,idx,maxBytesToRead/2,ignoreNul);if(endIdx-idx>16&&UTF16Decoder)return UTF16Decoder.decode(HEAPU16.subarray(idx,endIdx));var str="";for(var i=idx;i<endIdx;++i){var codeUnit=HEAPU16[i];str+=String.fromCharCode(codeUnit)}return str};var stringToUTF16=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<2)return 0;maxBytesToWrite-=2;var startPtr=outPtr;var numCharsToWrite=maxBytesToWrite<str.length*2?maxBytesToWrite/2:str.length;for(var i=0;i<numCharsToWrite;++i){var codeUnit=str.charCodeAt(i);HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=codeUnit;outPtr+=2}HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF16=str=>str.length*2;var UTF32ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var str="";var startIdx=ptr>>2;for(var i=0;!(i>=maxBytesToRead/4);i++){var utf32=HEAPU32[startIdx+i];if(!utf32&&!ignoreNul)break;str+=String.fromCodePoint(utf32)}return str};var stringToUTF32=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<4)return 0;var startPtr=outPtr;var endPtr=startPtr+maxBytesToWrite-4;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=codePoint;outPtr+=4;if(outPtr+4>endPtr)break}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF32=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}len+=4}return len};var __embind_register_std_wstring=(rawType,charSize,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var decodeString,encodeString,lengthBytesUTF;if(charSize===2){decodeString=UTF16ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF16;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF16}else{decodeString=UTF32ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF32;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF32}registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>{var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var str=decodeString(value+4,length*charSize,true);_free(value);return str},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(!(typeof value=="string")){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass non-string to C++ string type ${name}`)}var length=lengthBytesUTF(value);var ptr=_malloc(4+length+charSize);HEAPU32[ptr>>2]=length/charSize;encodeString(value,ptr+4,length+charSize);if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var __embind_register_value_object=(rawType,name,constructorSignature,rawConstructor,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{structRegistrations[rawType]={name:AsciiToString(name),rawConstructor:embind__requireFunction(constructorSignature,rawConstructor),rawDestructor:embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor),fields:[]}};var __embind_register_value_object_field=(structType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{structRegistrations[structType].fields.push({fieldName:AsciiToString(fieldName),getterReturnType,getter:embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter),getterContext,setterArgumentType,setter:embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter),setterContext})};var __embind_register_void=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{isVoid:true,name,fromWireType:()=>undefined,toWireType:(destructors,o)=>undefined})};var runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0;var __emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear=()=>{noExitRuntime=false;runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0};var emval_methodCallers=[];var emval_addMethodCaller=caller=>{var id=emval_methodCallers.length;emval_methodCallers.push(caller);return id};var emval_lookupTypes=(argCount,argTypes)=>{var a=new Array(argCount);for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){a[i]=requireRegisteredType(HEAPU32[argTypes+i*4>>2],`parameter ${i}`)}return a};var emval_returnValue=(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,handle)=>{var destructors=[];var result=toReturnWire(destructors,handle);if(destructors.length){HEAPU32[destructorsRef>>2]=Emval.toHandle(destructors)}return result};var emval_symbols={};var getStringOrSymbol=address=>{var symbol=emval_symbols[address];if(symbol===undefined){return AsciiToString(address)}return symbol};var __emval_create_invoker=(argCount,argTypesPtr,kind)=>{var GenericWireTypeSize=8;var[retType,...argTypes]=emval_lookupTypes(argCount,argTypesPtr);var toReturnWire=retType.toWireType.bind(retType);var argFromPtr=argTypes.map(type=>type.readValueFromPointer.bind(type));argCount--;var argN=new Array(argCount);var invokerFunction=(handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>{var offset=0;for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){argN[i]=argFromPtr[i](args+offset);offset+=GenericWireTypeSize}var rv;switch(kind){case 0:rv=Emval.toValue(handle).apply(null,argN);break;case 2:rv=Reflect.construct(Emval.toValue(handle),argN);break;case 3:rv=argN[0];break;case 1:rv=Emval.toValue(handle)[getStringOrSymbol(methodName)](...argN);break}return emval_returnValue(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,rv)};var functionName=`methodCaller<(${argTypes.map(t=>t.name)}) => ${retType.name}>`;return emval_addMethodCaller(createNamedFunction(functionName,invokerFunction))};var __emval_invoke=(caller,handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>emval_methodCallers[caller](handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args);var __emval_new_cstring=v=>Emval.toHandle(getStringOrSymbol(v));var __emval_new_object=()=>Emval.toHandle({});var __emval_run_destructors=handle=>{var destructors=Emval.toValue(handle);runDestructors(destructors);__emval_decref(handle)};var __emval_set_property=(handle,key,value)=>{handle=Emval.toValue(handle);key=Emval.toValue(key);value=Emval.toValue(value);handle[key]=value};var timers={};var handleException=e=>{if(e instanceof ExitStatus||e=="unwind"){return EXITSTATUS}quit_(1,e)};var keepRuntimeAlive=()=>noExitRuntime||runtimeKeepaliveCounter>0;var _proc_exit=code=>{EXITSTATUS=code;if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){Module["onExit"]?.(code);ABORT=true}quit_(code,new ExitStatus(code))};var exitJS=(status,implicit)=>{EXITSTATUS=status;_proc_exit(status)};var _exit=exitJS;var maybeExit=()=>{if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){try{_exit(EXITSTATUS)}catch(e){handleException(e)}}};var callUserCallback=func=>{if(ABORT){return}try{return func()}catch(e){handleException(e)}finally{maybeExit()}};var _emscripten_get_now=()=>performance.now();var __setitimer_js=(which,timeout_ms)=>{if(timers[which]){clearTimeout(timers[which].id);delete timers[which]}if(!timeout_ms)return 0;var id=setTimeout(()=>{delete timers[which];callUserCallback(()=>__emscripten_timeout(which,_emscripten_get_now()))},timeout_ms);timers[which]={id,timeout_ms};return 0};var _emscripten_date_now=()=>Date.now();var getHeapMax=()=>2147483648;var alignMemory=(size,alignment)=>Math.ceil(size/alignment)*alignment;var growMemory=size=>{var oldHeapSize=wasmMemory.buffer.byteLength;var pages=(size-oldHeapSize+65535)/65536|0;try{wasmMemory.grow(pages);updateMemoryViews();return 1}catch(e){}};var _emscripten_resize_heap=requestedSize=>{var oldSize=HEAPU8.length;requestedSize>>>=0;var maxHeapSize=getHeapMax();if(requestedSize>maxHeapSize){return false}for(var cutDown=1;cutDown<=4;cutDown*=2){var overGrownHeapSize=oldSize*(1+.2/cutDown);overGrownHeapSize=Math.min(overGrownHeapSize,requestedSize+100663296);var newSize=Math.min(maxHeapSize,alignMemory(Math.max(requestedSize,overGrownHeapSize),65536));var replacement=growMemory(newSize);if(replacement){return true}}return false};var printCharBuffers=[null,[],[]];var printChar=(stream,curr)=>{var buffer=printCharBuffers[stream];if(curr===0||curr===10){(stream===1?out:err)(UTF8ArrayToString(buffer));buffer.length=0}else{buffer.push(curr)}};var _fd_write=(fd,iov,iovcnt,pnum)=>{var num=0;for(var i=0;i<iovcnt;i++){var ptr=HEAPU32[iov>>2];var len=HEAPU32[iov+4>>2];iov+=8;for(var j=0;j<len;j++){printChar(fd,HEAPU8[ptr+j])}num+=len}HEAPU32[pnum>>2]=num;return 0};init_ClassHandle();init_RegisteredPointer();{if(Module["noExitRuntime"])noExitRuntime=Module["noExitRuntime"];if(Module["print"])out=Module["print"];if(Module["printErr"])err=Module["printErr"];if(Module["wasmBinary"])wasmBinary=Module["wasmBinary"];if(Module["arguments"])arguments_=Module["arguments"];if(Module["thisProgram"])thisProgram=Module["thisProgram"];if(Module["preInit"]){if(typeof Module["preInit"]=="function")Module["preInit"]=[Module["preInit"]];while(Module["preInit"].length>0){Module["preInit"].shift()()}}}var ___getTypeName,_free,_malloc,__emscripten_timeout,memory,__indirect_function_table,wasmMemory,wasmTable;function assignWasmExports(wasmExports){___getTypeName=wasmExports["Q"];_free=Module["_free"]=wasmExports["R"];_malloc=Module["_malloc"]=wasmExports["S"];__emscripten_timeout=wasmExports["U"];memory=wasmMemory=wasmExports["O"];__indirect_function_table=wasmTable=wasmExports["T"]}var wasmImports={J:__abort_js,x:__embind_create_inheriting_constructor,s:__embind_finalize_value_object,z:__embind_register_bigint,A:__embind_register_bool,b:__embind_register_class,p:__embind_register_class_class_function,e:__embind_register_class_constructor,a:__embind_register_class_function,d:__embind_register_class_property,K:__embind_register_constant,M:__embind_register_emval,l:__embind_register_enum,f:__embind_register_enum_value,y:__embind_register_float,g:__embind_register_function,o:__embind_register_integer,q:__embind_register_iterable,h:__embind_register_memory_view,r:__embind_register_optional,N:__embind_register_std_string,u:__embind_register_std_wstring,t:__embind_register_value_object,m:__embind_register_value_object_field,B:__embind_register_void,D:__emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear,k:__emval_create_invoker,n:__emval_decref,j:__emval_invoke,v:__emval_new_cstring,L:__emval_new_object,i:__emval_run_destructors,w:__emval_set_property,E:__setitimer_js,I:_emscripten_date_now,c:_emscripten_get_now,F:_emscripten_resize_heap,G:_exit,H:_fd_write,C:_proc_exit};function run(){preRun();function doRun(){Module["calledRun"]=true;if(ABORT)return;initRuntime();readyPromiseResolve?.(Module);Module["onRuntimeInitialized"]?.();postRun()}if(Module["setStatus"]){Module["setStatus"]("Running...");setTimeout(()=>{setTimeout(()=>Module["setStatus"](""),1);doRun()},1)}else{doRun()}}var wasmExports;wasmExports=await (createWasm());run();if(runtimeInitialized){moduleRtn=Module}else{moduleRtn=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{readyPromiseResolve=resolve;readyPromiseReject=reject})}
+var PHYSX=(()=>{var _scriptName=globalThis.document?.currentScript?.src;return async function(moduleArg={}){var moduleRtn;var Module=moduleArg;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB=!!globalThis.window;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER=!!globalThis.WorkerGlobalScope;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE=globalThis.process?.versions?.node&&globalThis.process?.type!="renderer";var arguments_=[];var thisProgram="./this.program";var quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{throw toThrow};if(typeof __filename!="undefined"){_scriptName=__filename}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){_scriptName=self.location.href}var scriptDirectory="";function locateFile(path){if(Module["locateFile"]){return Module["locateFile"](path,scriptDirectory)}return scriptDirectory+path}var readAsync,readBinary;if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){var fs=require("node:fs");scriptDirectory=__dirname+"/";readBinary=filename=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename);return ret};readAsync=async(filename,binary=true)=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename,binary?undefined:"utf8");return ret};if(process.argv.length>1){thisProgram=process.argv[1].replace(/\\/g,"/")}arguments_=process.argv.slice(2);quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{process.exitCode=status;throw toThrow}}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB||ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){try{scriptDirectory=new URL(".",_scriptName).href}catch{}{if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){readBinary=url=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,false);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.send(null);return new Uint8Array(xhr.response)}}readAsync=async url=>{if(isFileURI(url)){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,true);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.onload=()=>{if(xhr.status==200||xhr.status==0&&xhr.response){resolve(xhr.response);return}reject(xhr.status)};xhr.onerror=reject;xhr.send(null)})}var response=await fetch(url,{credentials:"same-origin"});if(response.ok){return response.arrayBuffer()}throw new Error(response.status+" : "+response.url)}}}else{}var out=console.log.bind(console);var err=console.error.bind(console);var wasmBinary;var ABORT=false;var EXITSTATUS;var isFileURI=filename=>filename.startsWith("file://");var readyPromiseResolve,readyPromiseReject;var HEAP8,HEAPU8,HEAP16,HEAPU16,HEAP32,HEAPU32,HEAPF32,HEAPF64;var HEAP64,HEAPU64;var runtimeInitialized=false;function updateMemoryViews(){var b=wasmMemory.buffer;HEAP8=new Int8Array(b);HEAP16=new Int16Array(b);HEAPU8=new Uint8Array(b);Module["HEAPU16"]=HEAPU16=new Uint16Array(b);HEAP32=new Int32Array(b);Module["HEAPU32"]=HEAPU32=new Uint32Array(b);Module["HEAPF32"]=HEAPF32=new Float32Array(b);HEAPF64=new Float64Array(b);HEAP64=new BigInt64Array(b);HEAPU64=new BigUint64Array(b)}function preRun(){if(Module["preRun"]){if(typeof Module["preRun"]=="function")Module["preRun"]=[Module["preRun"]];while(Module["preRun"].length){addOnPreRun(Module["preRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPreRuns)}function initRuntime(){runtimeInitialized=true;wasmExports["P"]()}function postRun(){if(Module["postRun"]){if(typeof Module["postRun"]=="function")Module["postRun"]=[Module["postRun"]];while(Module["postRun"].length){addOnPostRun(Module["postRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPostRuns)}function abort(what){Module["onAbort"]?.(what);what="Aborted("+what+")";err(what);ABORT=true;what+=". Build with -sASSERTIONS for more info.";var e=new WebAssembly.RuntimeError(what);readyPromiseReject?.(e);throw e}var wasmBinaryFile;function findWasmBinary(){return locateFile("physx.release.wasm")}function getBinarySync(file){if(file==wasmBinaryFile&&wasmBinary){return new Uint8Array(wasmBinary)}if(readBinary){return readBinary(file)}throw"both async and sync fetching of the wasm failed"}async function getWasmBinary(binaryFile){if(!wasmBinary){try{var response=await readAsync(binaryFile);return new Uint8Array(response)}catch{}}return getBinarySync(binaryFile)}async function instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports){try{var binary=await getWasmBinary(binaryFile);var instance=await WebAssembly.instantiate(binary,imports);return instance}catch(reason){err(`failed to asynchronously prepare wasm: ${reason}`);abort(reason)}}async function instantiateAsync(binary,binaryFile,imports){if(!binary&&!isFileURI(binaryFile)&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){try{var response=fetch(binaryFile,{credentials:"same-origin"});var instantiationResult=await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(response,imports);return instantiationResult}catch(reason){err(`wasm streaming compile failed: ${reason}`);err("falling back to ArrayBuffer instantiation")}}return instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports)}function getWasmImports(){var imports={a:wasmImports};return imports}async function createWasm(){function receiveInstance(instance,module){wasmExports=instance.exports;assignWasmExports(wasmExports);updateMemoryViews();return wasmExports}function receiveInstantiationResult(result){return receiveInstance(result["instance"])}var info=getWasmImports();if(Module["instantiateWasm"]){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{Module["instantiateWasm"](info,(inst,mod)=>{resolve(receiveInstance(inst,mod))})})}wasmBinaryFile??=findWasmBinary();var result=await instantiateAsync(wasmBinary,wasmBinaryFile,info);var exports=receiveInstantiationResult(result);return exports}class ExitStatus{name="ExitStatus";constructor(status){this.message=`Program terminated with exit(${status})`;this.status=status}}var callRuntimeCallbacks=callbacks=>{while(callbacks.length>0){callbacks.shift()(Module)}};var onPostRuns=[];var addOnPostRun=cb=>onPostRuns.push(cb);var onPreRuns=[];var addOnPreRun=cb=>onPreRuns.push(cb);var noExitRuntime=true;var __abort_js=()=>abort("");var createNamedFunction=(name,func)=>Object.defineProperty(func,"name",{value:name});var emval_freelist=[];var emval_handles=[0,1,,1,null,1,true,1,false,1];var BindingError=class BindingError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="BindingError"}};var throwBindingError=message=>{throw new BindingError(message)};var Emval={toValue:handle=>{if(!handle){throwBindingError(`Cannot use deleted val. handle = ${handle}`)}return emval_handles[handle]},toHandle:value=>{switch(value){case undefined:return 2;case null:return 4;case true:return 6;case false:return 8;default:{const handle=emval_freelist.pop()||emval_handles.length;emval_handles[handle]=value;emval_handles[handle+1]=1;return handle}}}};class PureVirtualError extends Error{}var AsciiToString=ptr=>{var str="";while(1){var ch=HEAPU8[ptr++];if(!ch)return str;str+=String.fromCharCode(ch)}};var registeredInstances={};var getBasestPointer=(class_,ptr)=>{if(ptr===undefined){throwBindingError("ptr should not be undefined")}while(class_.baseClass){ptr=class_.upcast(ptr);class_=class_.baseClass}return ptr};var registerInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr,instance)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){throwBindingError(`Tried to register registered instance: ${ptr}`)}else{registeredInstances[ptr]=instance}};var registeredTypes={};var getTypeName=type=>{var ptr=___getTypeName(type);var rv=AsciiToString(ptr);_free(ptr);return rv};var requireRegisteredType=(rawType,humanName)=>{var impl=registeredTypes[rawType];if(undefined===impl){throwBindingError(`${humanName} has unknown type ${getTypeName(rawType)}`)}return impl};var unregisterInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){delete registeredInstances[ptr]}else{throwBindingError(`Tried to unregister unregistered instance: ${ptr}`)}};var detachFinalizer=handle=>{};var finalizationRegistry=false;var runDestructor=$$=>{if($$.smartPtr){$$.smartPtrType.rawDestructor($$.smartPtr)}else{$$.ptrType.registeredClass.rawDestructor($$.ptr)}};var releaseClassHandle=$$=>{$$.count.value-=1;var toDelete=0===$$.count.value;if(toDelete){runDestructor($$)}};var attachFinalizer=handle=>{if(!globalThis.FinalizationRegistry){attachFinalizer=handle=>handle;return handle}finalizationRegistry=new FinalizationRegistry(info=>{releaseClassHandle(info.$$)});attachFinalizer=handle=>{var $$=handle.$$;var hasSmartPtr=!!$$.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtr){var info={$$};finalizationRegistry.register(handle,info,handle)}return handle};detachFinalizer=handle=>finalizationRegistry.unregister(handle);return attachFinalizer(handle)};var __embind_create_inheriting_constructor=(constructorName,wrapperType,properties)=>{constructorName=AsciiToString(constructorName);wrapperType=requireRegisteredType(wrapperType,"wrapper");properties=Emval.toValue(properties);var registeredClass=wrapperType.registeredClass;var wrapperPrototype=registeredClass.instancePrototype;var baseClass=registeredClass.baseClass;var baseClassPrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype;var baseConstructor=registeredClass.baseClass.constructor;var ctor=createNamedFunction(constructorName,function(...args){for(var name of registeredClass.baseClass.pureVirtualFunctions){if(this[name]===baseClassPrototype[name]){throw new PureVirtualError(`Pure virtual function ${name} must be implemented in JavaScript`)}}Object.defineProperty(this,"__parent",{value:wrapperPrototype});this["__construct"](...args)});wrapperPrototype["__construct"]=function __construct(...args){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __construct")}var inner=baseConstructor["implement"](this,...args);detachFinalizer(inner);var $$=inner.$$;inner["notifyOnDestruction"]();$$.preservePointerOnDelete=true;Object.defineProperties(this,{$$:{value:$$}});attachFinalizer(this);registerInheritedInstance(registeredClass,$$.ptr,this)};wrapperPrototype["__destruct"]=function __destruct(){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __destruct")}detachFinalizer(this);unregisterInheritedInstance(registeredClass,this.$$.ptr)};ctor.prototype=Object.create(wrapperPrototype);Object.assign(ctor.prototype,properties);return Emval.toHandle(ctor)};var structRegistrations={};var runDestructors=destructors=>{while(destructors.length){var ptr=destructors.pop();var del=destructors.pop();del(ptr)}};function readPointer(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])}var awaitingDependencies={};var typeDependencies={};var InternalError=class InternalError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="InternalError"}};var throwInternalError=message=>{throw new InternalError(message)};var whenDependentTypesAreResolved=(myTypes,dependentTypes,getTypeConverters)=>{myTypes.forEach(type=>typeDependencies[type]=dependentTypes);function onComplete(typeConverters){var myTypeConverters=getTypeConverters(typeConverters);if(myTypeConverters.length!==myTypes.length){throwInternalError("Mismatched type converter count")}for(var i=0;i<myTypes.length;++i){registerType(myTypes[i],myTypeConverters[i])}}var typeConverters=new Array(dependentTypes.length);var unregisteredTypes=[];var registered=0;for(let[i,dt]of dependentTypes.entries()){if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(dt)){typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt]}else{unregisteredTypes.push(dt);if(!awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(dt)){awaitingDependencies[dt]=[]}awaitingDependencies[dt].push(()=>{typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt];++registered;if(registered===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}})}}if(0===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}};var __embind_finalize_value_object=structType=>{var reg=structRegistrations[structType];delete structRegistrations[structType];var rawConstructor=reg.rawConstructor;var rawDestructor=reg.rawDestructor;var fieldRecords=reg.fields;var fieldTypes=fieldRecords.map(field=>field.getterReturnType).concat(fieldRecords.map(field=>field.setterArgumentType));whenDependentTypesAreResolved([structType],fieldTypes,fieldTypes=>{var fields={};for(var[i,field]of fieldRecords.entries()){const getterReturnType=fieldTypes[i];const getter=field.getter;const getterContext=field.getterContext;const setterArgumentType=fieldTypes[i+fieldRecords.length];const setter=field.setter;const setterContext=field.setterContext;fields[field.fieldName]={read:ptr=>getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr)),write:(ptr,o)=>{var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,o));runDestructors(destructors)},optional:getterReturnType.optional}}return[{name:reg.name,fromWireType:ptr=>{var rv={};for(var i in fields){rv[i]=fields[i].read(ptr)}rawDestructor(ptr);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,o)=>{for(var fieldName in fields){if(!(fieldName in o)&&!fields[fieldName].optional){throw new TypeError(`Missing field: "${fieldName}"`)}}var ptr=rawConstructor();for(fieldName in fields){fields[fieldName].write(ptr,o[fieldName])}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:rawDestructor}]})};function sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){var name=registeredInstance.name;if(!rawType){throwBindingError(`type "${name}" must have a positive integer typeid pointer`)}if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){if(options.ignoreDuplicateRegistrations){return}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot register type '${name}' twice`)}}registeredTypes[rawType]=registeredInstance;delete typeDependencies[rawType];if(awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){var callbacks=awaitingDependencies[rawType];delete awaitingDependencies[rawType];callbacks.forEach(cb=>cb())}}function registerType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){return sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options)}var integerReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?pointer=>HEAP8[pointer]:pointer=>HEAPU8[pointer];case 2:return signed?pointer=>HEAP16[pointer>>1]:pointer=>HEAPU16[pointer>>1];case 4:return signed?pointer=>HEAP32[pointer>>2]:pointer=>HEAPU32[pointer>>2];case 8:return signed?pointer=>HEAP64[pointer>>3]:pointer=>HEAPU64[pointer>>3];default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_bigint=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0n;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){const bitSize=size*8;fromWireType=value=>BigInt.asUintN(bitSize,value);maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(typeof value=="number"){value=BigInt(value)}return value},readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,!isUnsignedType),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_bool=(rawType,name,trueValue,falseValue)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:function(wt){return!!wt},toWireType:function(destructors,o){return o?trueValue:falseValue},readValueFromPointer:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])},destructorFunction:null})};var shallowCopyInternalPointer=o=>({count:o.count,deleteScheduled:o.deleteScheduled,preservePointerOnDelete:o.preservePointerOnDelete,ptr:o.ptr,ptrType:o.ptrType,smartPtr:o.smartPtr,smartPtrType:o.smartPtrType});var throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted=obj=>{function getInstanceTypeName(handle){return handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass.name}throwBindingError(getInstanceTypeName(obj)+" instance already deleted")};var deletionQueue=[];var flushPendingDeletes=()=>{while(deletionQueue.length){var obj=deletionQueue.pop();obj.$$.deleteScheduled=false;obj["delete"]()}};var delayFunction;var init_ClassHandle=()=>{let proto=ClassHandle.prototype;Object.assign(proto,{isAliasOf(other){if(!(this instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}if(!(other instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}var leftClass=this.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var left=this.$$.ptr;other.$$=other.$$;var rightClass=other.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var right=other.$$.ptr;while(leftClass.baseClass){left=leftClass.upcast(left);leftClass=leftClass.baseClass}while(rightClass.baseClass){right=rightClass.upcast(right);rightClass=rightClass.baseClass}return leftClass===rightClass&&left===right},clone(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.count.value+=1;return this}else{var clone=attachFinalizer(Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this),{$$:{value:shallowCopyInternalPointer(this.$$)}}));clone.$$.count.value+=1;clone.$$.deleteScheduled=false;return clone}},delete(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}detachFinalizer(this);releaseClassHandle(this.$$);if(!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.smartPtr=undefined;this.$$.ptr=undefined}},isDeleted(){return!this.$$.ptr},deleteLater(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}deletionQueue.push(this);if(deletionQueue.length===1&&delayFunction){delayFunction(flushPendingDeletes)}this.$$.deleteScheduled=true;return this}});const symbolDispose=Symbol.dispose;if(symbolDispose){proto[symbolDispose]=proto["delete"]}};function ClassHandle(){}var registeredPointers={};var ensureOverloadTable=(proto,methodName,humanName)=>{if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){var prevFunc=proto[methodName];proto[methodName]=function(...args){if(!proto[methodName].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(args.length)){throwBindingError(`Function '${humanName}' called with an invalid number of arguments (${args.length}) - expects one of (${proto[methodName].overloadTable})!`)}return proto[methodName].overloadTable[args.length].apply(this,args)};proto[methodName].overloadTable=[];proto[methodName].overloadTable[prevFunc.argCount]=prevFunc}};var exposePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){if(undefined===numArguments||undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]){throwBindingError(`Cannot register public name '${name}' twice`)}ensureOverloadTable(Module,name,name);if(Module[name].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(numArguments)){throwBindingError(`Cannot register multiple overloads of a function with the same number of arguments (${numArguments})!`)}Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var char_0=48;var char_9=57;var makeLegalFunctionName=name=>{name=name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g,"$");var f=name.charCodeAt(0);if(f>=char_0&&f<=char_9){return`_${name}`}return name};function RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast){this.name=name;this.constructor=constructor;this.instancePrototype=instancePrototype;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;this.baseClass=baseClass;this.getActualType=getActualType;this.upcast=upcast;this.downcast=downcast;this.pureVirtualFunctions=[]}var upcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{while(ptrClass!==desiredClass){if(!ptrClass.upcast){throwBindingError(`Expected null or instance of ${desiredClass.name}, got an instance of ${ptrClass.name}`)}ptr=ptrClass.upcast(ptr);ptrClass=ptrClass.baseClass}return ptr};var embindRepr=v=>{if(v===null){return"null"}var t=typeof v;if(t==="object"||t==="array"||t==="function"){return v.toString()}else{return""+v}};function constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}function genericPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){var ptr;if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}if(this.isSmartPointer){ptr=this.rawConstructor();if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr}else{return 0}}if(!handle||!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(!this.isConst&&handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);if(this.isSmartPointer){if(undefined===handle.$$.smartPtr){throwBindingError("Passing raw pointer to smart pointer is illegal")}switch(this.sharingPolicy){case 0:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}break;case 1:ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr;break;case 2:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{var clonedHandle=handle["clone"]();ptr=this.rawShare(ptr,Emval.toHandle(()=>clonedHandle["delete"]()));if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}}break;default:throwBindingError("Unsupported sharing policy")}}return ptr}function nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}var downcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{if(ptrClass===desiredClass){return ptr}if(undefined===desiredClass.baseClass){return null}var rv=downcastPointer(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass.baseClass);if(rv===null){return null}return desiredClass.downcast(rv)};var getInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);return registeredInstances[ptr]};var makeClassHandle=(prototype,record)=>{if(!record.ptrType||!record.ptr){throwInternalError("makeClassHandle requires ptr and ptrType")}var hasSmartPtrType=!!record.smartPtrType;var hasSmartPtr=!!record.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtrType!==hasSmartPtr){throwInternalError("Both smartPtrType and smartPtr must be specified")}record.count={value:1};return attachFinalizer(Object.create(prototype,{$$:{value:record,writable:true}}))};function RegisteredPointer_fromWireType(ptr){var rawPointer=this.getPointee(ptr);if(!rawPointer){this.destructor(ptr);return null}var registeredInstance=getInheritedInstance(this.registeredClass,rawPointer);if(undefined!==registeredInstance){if(0===registeredInstance.$$.count.value){registeredInstance.$$.ptr=rawPointer;registeredInstance.$$.smartPtr=ptr;return registeredInstance["clone"]()}else{var rv=registeredInstance["clone"]();this.destructor(ptr);return rv}}function makeDefaultHandle(){if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this.pointeeType,ptr:rawPointer,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this,ptr})}}var actualType=this.registeredClass.getActualType(rawPointer);var registeredPointerRecord=registeredPointers[actualType];if(!registeredPointerRecord){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}var toType;if(this.isConst){toType=registeredPointerRecord.constPointerType}else{toType=registeredPointerRecord.pointerType}var dp=downcastPointer(rawPointer,this.registeredClass,toType.registeredClass);if(dp===null){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp})}}var init_RegisteredPointer=()=>{Object.assign(RegisteredPointer.prototype,{getPointee(ptr){if(this.rawGetPointee){ptr=this.rawGetPointee(ptr)}return ptr},destructor(ptr){this.rawDestructor?.(ptr)},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,fromWireType:RegisteredPointer_fromWireType})};function RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,isReference,isConst,isSmartPointer,pointeeType,sharingPolicy,rawGetPointee,rawConstructor,rawShare,rawDestructor){this.name=name;this.registeredClass=registeredClass;this.isReference=isReference;this.isConst=isConst;this.isSmartPointer=isSmartPointer;this.pointeeType=pointeeType;this.sharingPolicy=sharingPolicy;this.rawGetPointee=rawGetPointee;this.rawConstructor=rawConstructor;this.rawShare=rawShare;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;if(!isSmartPointer&&registeredClass.baseClass===undefined){if(isConst){this.toWireType=constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}else{this.toWireType=nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}}else{this.toWireType=genericPointerToWireType}}var replacePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(!Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){throwInternalError("Replacing nonexistent public symbol")}if(undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==numArguments){Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var wasmTableMirror=[];var getWasmTableEntry=funcPtr=>{var func=wasmTableMirror[funcPtr];if(!func){wasmTableMirror[funcPtr]=func=wasmTable.get(funcPtr)}return func};var embind__requireFunction=(signature,rawFunction,isAsync=false)=>{signature=AsciiToString(signature);function makeDynCaller(){var rtn=getWasmTableEntry(rawFunction);return rtn}var fp=makeDynCaller();if(typeof fp!="function"){throwBindingError(`unknown function pointer with signature ${signature}: ${rawFunction}`)}return fp};class UnboundTypeError extends Error{}var throwUnboundTypeError=(message,types)=>{var unboundTypes=[];var seen={};function visit(type){if(seen[type]){return}if(registeredTypes[type]){return}if(typeDependencies[type]){typeDependencies[type].forEach(visit);return}unboundTypes.push(type);seen[type]=true}types.forEach(visit);throw new UnboundTypeError(`${message}: `+unboundTypes.map(getTypeName).join([", "]))};var __embind_register_class=(rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType,baseClassRawType,getActualTypeSignature,getActualType,upcastSignature,upcast,downcastSignature,downcast,name,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);getActualType=embind__requireFunction(getActualTypeSignature,getActualType);upcast&&=embind__requireFunction(upcastSignature,upcast);downcast&&=embind__requireFunction(downcastSignature,downcast);rawDestructor=embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor);var legalFunctionName=makeLegalFunctionName(name);exposePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${name} due to unbound types`,[baseClassRawType])});whenDependentTypesAreResolved([rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType],baseClassRawType?[baseClassRawType]:[],base=>{base=base[0];var baseClass;var basePrototype;if(baseClassRawType){baseClass=base.registeredClass;basePrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype}else{basePrototype=ClassHandle.prototype}var constructor=createNamedFunction(name,function(...args){if(Object.getPrototypeOf(this)!==instancePrototype){throw new BindingError(`Use 'new' to construct ${name}`)}if(undefined===registeredClass.constructor_body){throw new BindingError(`${name} has no accessible constructor`)}var body=registeredClass.constructor_body[args.length];if(undefined===body){throw new BindingError(`Tried to invoke ctor of ${name} with invalid number of parameters (${args.length}) - expected (${Object.keys(registeredClass.constructor_body).toString()}) parameters instead!`)}return body.apply(this,args)});var instancePrototype=Object.create(basePrototype,{constructor:{value:constructor}});constructor.prototype=instancePrototype;var registeredClass=new RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast);if(registeredClass.baseClass){registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses??=[];registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses.push(registeredClass)}var referenceConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,true,false,false);var pointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+"*",registeredClass,false,false,false);var constPointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+" const*",registeredClass,false,true,false);registeredPointers[rawType]={pointerType:pointerConverter,constPointerType:constPointerConverter};replacePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,constructor);return[referenceConverter,pointerConverter,constPointerConverter]})};function usesDestructorStack(argTypes){for(var i=1;i<argTypes.length;++i){if(argTypes[i]!==null&&argTypes[i].destructorFunction===undefined){return true}}return false}function craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,cppInvokerFunc,cppTargetFunc,isAsync){var argCount=argTypes.length;if(argCount<2){throwBindingError("argTypes array size mismatch! Must at least get return value and 'this' types!")}var isClassMethodFunc=argTypes[1]!==null&&classType!==null;var needsDestructorStack=usesDestructorStack(argTypes);var returns=!argTypes[0].isVoid;var expectedArgCount=argCount-2;var argsWired=new Array(expectedArgCount);var invokerFuncArgs=[];var destructors=[];var invokerFn=function(...args){destructors.length=0;var thisWired;invokerFuncArgs.length=isClassMethodFunc?2:1;invokerFuncArgs[0]=cppTargetFunc;if(isClassMethodFunc){thisWired=argTypes[1].toWireType(destructors,this);invokerFuncArgs[1]=thisWired}for(var i=0;i<expectedArgCount;++i){argsWired[i]=argTypes[i+2].toWireType(destructors,args[i]);invokerFuncArgs.push(argsWired[i])}var rv=cppInvokerFunc(...invokerFuncArgs);function onDone(rv){if(needsDestructorStack){runDestructors(destructors)}else{for(var i=isClassMethodFunc?1:2;i<argTypes.length;i++){var param=i===1?thisWired:argsWired[i-2];if(argTypes[i].destructorFunction!==null){argTypes[i].destructorFunction(param)}}}if(returns){return argTypes[0].fromWireType(rv)}}return onDone(rv)};return createNamedFunction(humanName,invokerFn)}var heap32VectorToArray=(count,firstElement)=>{var array=[];for(var i=0;i<count;i++){array.push(HEAPU32[firstElement+i*4>>2])}return array};var getFunctionName=signature=>{signature=signature.trim();const argsIndex=signature.indexOf("(");if(argsIndex===-1)return signature;return signature.slice(0,argsIndex)};var __embind_register_class_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}var proto=classType.registeredClass.constructor;if(undefined===proto[methodName]){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));var func=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){func.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=func}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=func}if(classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){for(const derivedClass of classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){if(!derivedClass.constructor.hasOwnProperty(methodName)){derivedClass.constructor[methodName]=func}}}return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_constructor=(rawClassType,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,invoker,rawConstructor)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);invoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,invoker);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`constructor ${classType.name}`;if(undefined===classType.registeredClass.constructor_body){classType.registeredClass.constructor_body=[]}if(undefined!==classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]){throw new BindingError(`Cannot register multiple constructors with identical number of parameters (${argCount-1}) for class '${classType.name}'! Overload resolution is currently only performed using the parameter count, not actual type info!`)}classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=()=>{throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${classType.name} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)};whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{argTypes.splice(1,0,null);classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,null,invoker,rawConstructor);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,context,isPureVirtual,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}if(isPureVirtual){classType.registeredClass.pureVirtualFunctions.push(methodName)}function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}var proto=classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype;var method=proto[methodName];if(undefined===method||undefined===method.overloadTable&&method.className!==classType.name&&method.argCount===argCount-2){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-2;unboundTypesHandler.className=classType.name;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var memberFunction=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,rawInvoker,context,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){memberFunction.argCount=argCount-2;proto[methodName]=memberFunction}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=memberFunction}return[]});return[]})};var validateThis=(this_,classType,humanName)=>{if(!(this_ instanceof Object)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} with invalid "this": ${this_}`)}if(!(this_ instanceof classType.registeredClass.constructor)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} incompatible with "this" of type ${this_.constructor.name}`)}if(!this_.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`cannot call emscripten binding method ${humanName} on deleted object`)}return upcastPointer(this_.$$.ptr,this_.$$.ptrType.registeredClass,classType.registeredClass)};var __embind_register_class_property=(classType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{fieldName=AsciiToString(fieldName);getter=embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[classType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${fieldName}`;var desc={get(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])},enumerable:true,configurable:true};if(setter){desc.set=()=>throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])}else{desc.set=v=>throwBindingError(humanName+" is a read-only property")}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],setter?[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType]:[getterReturnType],types=>{var getterReturnType=types[0];var desc={get(){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" getter");return getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr))},enumerable:true};if(setter){setter=embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter);var setterArgumentType=types[1];desc.set=function(v){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" setter");var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,v));runDestructors(destructors)}}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_constant=(name,type,value)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[type],type=>{type=type[0];Module[name]=type.fromWireType(value);return[]})};var __emval_decref=handle=>{if(handle>9&&0===--emval_handles[handle+1]){emval_handles[handle]=undefined;emval_freelist.push(handle)}};var EmValType={name:"emscripten::val",fromWireType:handle=>{var rv=Emval.toValue(handle);__emval_decref(handle);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>Emval.toHandle(value),readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:null};var __embind_register_emval=rawType=>registerType(rawType,EmValType);var enumReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP8[pointer])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])};case 2:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP16[pointer>>1])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU16[pointer>>1])};case 4:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP32[pointer>>2])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};function getEnumValueType(rawValueType){return rawValueType===0?"object":rawValueType===1?"number":"string"}var __embind_register_enum=(rawType,name,size,isSigned,rawValueType)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const valueType=getEnumValueType(rawValueType);switch(valueType){case"object":{function ctor(){}ctor.values={};registerType(rawType,{name,constructor:ctor,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.constructor.values[c]},toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c.value,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,ctor);break}case"number":{var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:c=>c,toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}case"string":{var valuesMap={};var reverseMap={};var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,valuesMap,reverseMap,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.reverseMap[c]},toWireType:function(destructors,c){return this.valuesMap[c]},readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}}};var __embind_register_enum_value=(rawEnumType,name,enumValue)=>{var enumType=requireRegisteredType(rawEnumType,"enum");name=AsciiToString(name);switch(enumType.valueType){case"object":{var Enum=enumType.constructor;var Value=Object.create(enumType.constructor.prototype,{value:{value:enumValue},constructor:{value:createNamedFunction(`${enumType.name}_${name}`,function(){})}});Enum.values[enumValue]=Value;Enum[name]=Value;break}case"number":{enumType.keysMap[name]=enumValue;break}case"string":{enumType.valuesMap[name]=enumValue;enumType.reverseMap[enumValue]=name;enumType.keysMap[name]=name;break}}};var floatReadValueFromPointer=(name,width)=>{switch(width){case 4:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF32[pointer>>2])};case 8:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF64[pointer>>3])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid float width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_float=(rawType,name,size)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>value,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:floatReadValueFromPointer(name,size),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_function=(name,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,signature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var argTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);name=AsciiToString(name);name=getFunctionName(name);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(signature,rawInvoker,isAsync);exposePublicSymbol(name,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${name} due to unbound types`,argTypes)},argCount-1);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],argTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));replacePublicSymbol(name,craftInvokerFunction(name,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync),argCount-1);return[]})};var __embind_register_integer=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){var bitshift=32-8*size;fromWireType=value=>value<<bitshift>>>bitshift;maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,minRange!==0),destructorFunction:null})};var installIndexedIterator=(proto,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{const makeIterator=(size,getValue)=>{let index=0;return{next(){if(index>=size){return{done:true}}const current=index;index++;const value=getValue(current);return{value,done:false}},[Symbol.iterator](){return this}}};if(!proto[Symbol.iterator]){proto[Symbol.iterator]=function(){const size=this[sizeMethodName]();return makeIterator(size,i=>this[getMethodName](i))}}};var __embind_register_iterable=(rawClassType,rawElementType,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{sizeMethodName=AsciiToString(sizeMethodName);getMethodName=AsciiToString(getMethodName);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType,rawElementType],types=>{const classType=types[0];installIndexedIterator(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,sizeMethodName,getMethodName);return[]})};var __embind_register_memory_view=(rawType,dataTypeIndex,name)=>{var typeMapping=[Int8Array,Uint8Array,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array,BigInt64Array,BigUint64Array];var TA=typeMapping[dataTypeIndex];function decodeMemoryView(handle){var size=HEAPU32[handle>>2];var data=HEAPU32[handle+4>>2];return new TA(HEAP8.buffer,data,size)}name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:decodeMemoryView,readValueFromPointer:decodeMemoryView},{ignoreDuplicateRegistrations:true})};var EmValOptionalType=Object.assign({optional:true},EmValType);var __embind_register_optional=(rawOptionalType,rawType)=>{registerType(rawOptionalType,EmValOptionalType)};var stringToUTF8Array=(str,heap,outIdx,maxBytesToWrite)=>{if(!(maxBytesToWrite>0))return 0;var startIdx=outIdx;var endIdx=outIdx+maxBytesToWrite-1;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var u=str.codePointAt(i);if(u<=127){if(outIdx>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=u}else if(u<=2047){if(outIdx+1>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=192|u>>6;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else if(u<=65535){if(outIdx+2>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=224|u>>12;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else{if(outIdx+3>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=240|u>>18;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>12&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63;i++}}heap[outIdx]=0;return outIdx-startIdx};var stringToUTF8=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>stringToUTF8Array(str,HEAPU8,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite);var lengthBytesUTF8=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var c=str.charCodeAt(i);if(c<=127){len++}else if(c<=2047){len+=2}else if(c>=55296&&c<=57343){len+=4;++i}else{len+=3}}return len};var UTF8Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder&&new TextDecoder;var findStringEnd=(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var maxIdx=idx+maxBytesToRead;if(ignoreNul)return maxIdx;while(heapOrArray[idx]&&!(idx>=maxIdx))++idx;return idx};var UTF8ArrayToString=(heapOrArray,idx=0,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var endPtr=findStringEnd(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul);if(endPtr-idx>16&&heapOrArray.buffer&&UTF8Decoder){return UTF8Decoder.decode(heapOrArray.subarray(idx,endPtr))}var str="";while(idx<endPtr){var u0=heapOrArray[idx++];if(!(u0&128)){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0);continue}var u1=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&224)==192){str+=String.fromCharCode((u0&31)<<6|u1);continue}var u2=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&240)==224){u0=(u0&15)<<12|u1<<6|u2}else{u0=(u0&7)<<18|u1<<12|u2<<6|heapOrArray[idx++]&63}if(u0<65536){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0)}else{var ch=u0-65536;str+=String.fromCharCode(55296|ch>>10,56320|ch&1023)}}return str};var UTF8ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>ptr?UTF8ArrayToString(HEAPU8,ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul):"";var __embind_register_std_string=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var stdStringIsUTF8=true;registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType(value){var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var payload=value+4;var str;if(stdStringIsUTF8){str=UTF8ToString(payload,length,true)}else{str="";for(var i=0;i<length;++i){str+=String.fromCharCode(HEAPU8[payload+i])}}_free(value);return str},toWireType(destructors,value){if(value instanceof ArrayBuffer){value=new Uint8Array(value)}var length;var valueIsOfTypeString=typeof value=="string";if(!(valueIsOfTypeString||ArrayBuffer.isView(value)&&value.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT==1)){throwBindingError("Cannot pass non-string to std::string")}if(stdStringIsUTF8&&valueIsOfTypeString){length=lengthBytesUTF8(value)}else{length=value.length}var base=_malloc(4+length+1);var ptr=base+4;HEAPU32[base>>2]=length;if(valueIsOfTypeString){if(stdStringIsUTF8){stringToUTF8(value,ptr,length+1)}else{for(var i=0;i<length;++i){var charCode=value.charCodeAt(i);if(charCode>255){_free(base);throwBindingError("String has UTF-16 code units that do not fit in 8 bits")}HEAPU8[ptr+i]=charCode}}}else{HEAPU8.set(value,ptr)}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,base)}return base},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var UTF16Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder?new TextDecoder("utf-16le"):undefined;var UTF16ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var idx=ptr>>1;var endIdx=findStringEnd(HEAPU16,idx,maxBytesToRead/2,ignoreNul);if(endIdx-idx>16&&UTF16Decoder)return UTF16Decoder.decode(HEAPU16.subarray(idx,endIdx));var str="";for(var i=idx;i<endIdx;++i){var codeUnit=HEAPU16[i];str+=String.fromCharCode(codeUnit)}return str};var stringToUTF16=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<2)return 0;maxBytesToWrite-=2;var startPtr=outPtr;var numCharsToWrite=maxBytesToWrite<str.length*2?maxBytesToWrite/2:str.length;for(var i=0;i<numCharsToWrite;++i){var codeUnit=str.charCodeAt(i);HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=codeUnit;outPtr+=2}HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF16=str=>str.length*2;var UTF32ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var str="";var startIdx=ptr>>2;for(var i=0;!(i>=maxBytesToRead/4);i++){var utf32=HEAPU32[startIdx+i];if(!utf32&&!ignoreNul)break;str+=String.fromCodePoint(utf32)}return str};var stringToUTF32=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<4)return 0;var startPtr=outPtr;var endPtr=startPtr+maxBytesToWrite-4;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=codePoint;outPtr+=4;if(outPtr+4>endPtr)break}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF32=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}len+=4}return len};var __embind_register_std_wstring=(rawType,charSize,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var decodeString,encodeString,lengthBytesUTF;if(charSize===2){decodeString=UTF16ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF16;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF16}else{decodeString=UTF32ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF32;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF32}registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>{var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var str=decodeString(value+4,length*charSize,true);_free(value);return str},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(!(typeof value=="string")){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass non-string to C++ string type ${name}`)}var length=lengthBytesUTF(value);var ptr=_malloc(4+length+charSize);HEAPU32[ptr>>2]=length/charSize;encodeString(value,ptr+4,length+charSize);if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var __embind_register_value_object=(rawType,name,constructorSignature,rawConstructor,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{structRegistrations[rawType]={name:AsciiToString(name),rawConstructor:embind__requireFunction(constructorSignature,rawConstructor),rawDestructor:embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor),fields:[]}};var __embind_register_value_object_field=(structType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{structRegistrations[structType].fields.push({fieldName:AsciiToString(fieldName),getterReturnType,getter:embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter),getterContext,setterArgumentType,setter:embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter),setterContext})};var __embind_register_void=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{isVoid:true,name,fromWireType:()=>undefined,toWireType:(destructors,o)=>undefined})};var runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0;var __emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear=()=>{noExitRuntime=false;runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0};var emval_methodCallers=[];var emval_addMethodCaller=caller=>{var id=emval_methodCallers.length;emval_methodCallers.push(caller);return id};var emval_lookupTypes=(argCount,argTypes)=>{var a=new Array(argCount);for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){a[i]=requireRegisteredType(HEAPU32[argTypes+i*4>>2],`parameter ${i}`)}return a};var emval_returnValue=(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,handle)=>{var destructors=[];var result=toReturnWire(destructors,handle);if(destructors.length){HEAPU32[destructorsRef>>2]=Emval.toHandle(destructors)}return result};var emval_symbols={};var getStringOrSymbol=address=>{var symbol=emval_symbols[address];if(symbol===undefined){return AsciiToString(address)}return symbol};var __emval_create_invoker=(argCount,argTypesPtr,kind)=>{var GenericWireTypeSize=8;var[retType,...argTypes]=emval_lookupTypes(argCount,argTypesPtr);var toReturnWire=retType.toWireType.bind(retType);var argFromPtr=argTypes.map(type=>type.readValueFromPointer.bind(type));argCount--;var argN=new Array(argCount);var invokerFunction=(handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>{var offset=0;for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){argN[i]=argFromPtr[i](args+offset);offset+=GenericWireTypeSize}var rv;switch(kind){case 0:rv=Emval.toValue(handle).apply(null,argN);break;case 2:rv=Reflect.construct(Emval.toValue(handle),argN);break;case 3:rv=argN[0];break;case 1:rv=Emval.toValue(handle)[getStringOrSymbol(methodName)](...argN);break}return emval_returnValue(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,rv)};var functionName=`methodCaller<(${argTypes.map(t=>t.name)}) => ${retType.name}>`;return emval_addMethodCaller(createNamedFunction(functionName,invokerFunction))};var __emval_invoke=(caller,handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>emval_methodCallers[caller](handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args);var __emval_new_cstring=v=>Emval.toHandle(getStringOrSymbol(v));var __emval_new_object=()=>Emval.toHandle({});var __emval_run_destructors=handle=>{var destructors=Emval.toValue(handle);runDestructors(destructors);__emval_decref(handle)};var __emval_set_property=(handle,key,value)=>{handle=Emval.toValue(handle);key=Emval.toValue(key);value=Emval.toValue(value);handle[key]=value};var timers={};var handleException=e=>{if(e instanceof ExitStatus||e=="unwind"){return EXITSTATUS}quit_(1,e)};var keepRuntimeAlive=()=>noExitRuntime||runtimeKeepaliveCounter>0;var _proc_exit=code=>{EXITSTATUS=code;if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){Module["onExit"]?.(code);ABORT=true}quit_(code,new ExitStatus(code))};var exitJS=(status,implicit)=>{EXITSTATUS=status;_proc_exit(status)};var _exit=exitJS;var maybeExit=()=>{if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){try{_exit(EXITSTATUS)}catch(e){handleException(e)}}};var callUserCallback=func=>{if(ABORT){return}try{return func()}catch(e){handleException(e)}finally{maybeExit()}};var _emscripten_get_now=()=>performance.now();var __setitimer_js=(which,timeout_ms)=>{if(timers[which]){clearTimeout(timers[which].id);delete timers[which]}if(!timeout_ms)return 0;var id=setTimeout(()=>{delete timers[which];callUserCallback(()=>__emscripten_timeout(which,_emscripten_get_now()))},timeout_ms);timers[which]={id,timeout_ms};return 0};var _emscripten_date_now=()=>Date.now();var getHeapMax=()=>2147483648;var alignMemory=(size,alignment)=>Math.ceil(size/alignment)*alignment;var growMemory=size=>{var oldHeapSize=wasmMemory.buffer.byteLength;var pages=(size-oldHeapSize+65535)/65536|0;try{wasmMemory.grow(pages);updateMemoryViews();return 1}catch(e){}};var _emscripten_resize_heap=requestedSize=>{var oldSize=HEAPU8.length;requestedSize>>>=0;var maxHeapSize=getHeapMax();if(requestedSize>maxHeapSize){return false}for(var cutDown=1;cutDown<=4;cutDown*=2){var overGrownHeapSize=oldSize*(1+.2/cutDown);overGrownHeapSize=Math.min(overGrownHeapSize,requestedSize+100663296);var newSize=Math.min(maxHeapSize,alignMemory(Math.max(requestedSize,overGrownHeapSize),65536));var replacement=growMemory(newSize);if(replacement){return true}}return false};var printCharBuffers=[null,[],[]];var printChar=(stream,curr)=>{var buffer=printCharBuffers[stream];if(curr===0||curr===10){(stream===1?out:err)(UTF8ArrayToString(buffer));buffer.length=0}else{buffer.push(curr)}};var _fd_write=(fd,iov,iovcnt,pnum)=>{var num=0;for(var i=0;i<iovcnt;i++){var ptr=HEAPU32[iov>>2];var len=HEAPU32[iov+4>>2];iov+=8;for(var j=0;j<len;j++){printChar(fd,HEAPU8[ptr+j])}num+=len}HEAPU32[pnum>>2]=num;return 0};init_ClassHandle();init_RegisteredPointer();{if(Module["noExitRuntime"])noExitRuntime=Module["noExitRuntime"];if(Module["print"])out=Module["print"];if(Module["printErr"])err=Module["printErr"];if(Module["wasmBinary"])wasmBinary=Module["wasmBinary"];if(Module["arguments"])arguments_=Module["arguments"];if(Module["thisProgram"])thisProgram=Module["thisProgram"];if(Module["preInit"]){if(typeof Module["preInit"]=="function")Module["preInit"]=[Module["preInit"]];while(Module["preInit"].length>0){Module["preInit"].shift()()}}}var ___getTypeName,_free,_malloc,__emscripten_timeout,memory,__indirect_function_table,wasmMemory,wasmTable;function assignWasmExports(wasmExports){___getTypeName=wasmExports["Q"];_free=Module["_free"]=wasmExports["R"];_malloc=Module["_malloc"]=wasmExports["S"];__emscripten_timeout=wasmExports["U"];memory=wasmMemory=wasmExports["O"];__indirect_function_table=wasmTable=wasmExports["T"]}var wasmImports={J:__abort_js,x:__embind_create_inheriting_constructor,s:__embind_finalize_value_object,z:__embind_register_bigint,A:__embind_register_bool,b:__embind_register_class,p:__embind_register_class_class_function,e:__embind_register_class_constructor,a:__embind_register_class_function,d:__embind_register_class_property,K:__embind_register_constant,M:__embind_register_emval,l:__embind_register_enum,f:__embind_register_enum_value,y:__embind_register_float,g:__embind_register_function,o:__embind_register_integer,q:__embind_register_iterable,h:__embind_register_memory_view,r:__embind_register_optional,N:__embind_register_std_string,u:__embind_register_std_wstring,t:__embind_register_value_object,m:__embind_register_value_object_field,B:__embind_register_void,D:__emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear,k:__emval_create_invoker,n:__emval_decref,j:__emval_invoke,v:__emval_new_cstring,L:__emval_new_object,i:__emval_run_destructors,w:__emval_set_property,E:__setitimer_js,I:_emscripten_date_now,c:_emscripten_get_now,F:_emscripten_resize_heap,G:_exit,H:_fd_write,C:_proc_exit};function run(){preRun();function doRun(){Module["calledRun"]=true;if(ABORT)return;initRuntime();readyPromiseResolve?.(Module);Module["onRuntimeInitialized"]?.();postRun()}if(Module["setStatus"]){Module["setStatus"]("Running...");setTimeout(()=>{setTimeout(()=>Module["setStatus"](""),1);doRun()},1)}else{doRun()}}var wasmExports;wasmExports=await (createWasm());run();if(runtimeInitialized){moduleRtn=Module}else{moduleRtn=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{readyPromiseResolve=resolve;readyPromiseReject=reject})}
 ;return moduleRtn}})();if(typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module==="object"){module.exports=PHYSX;module.exports.default=PHYSX}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define["amd"])define([],()=>PHYSX);
diff --git a/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.simd.js b/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.simd.js
index bdb1d70990..45843d369b 100644
--- a/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.simd.js
+++ b/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.simd.js
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-var PHYSX=(()=>{var _scriptName=globalThis.document?.currentScript?.src;return async function(moduleArg={}){var moduleRtn;var Module=moduleArg;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB=!!globalThis.window;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER=!!globalThis.WorkerGlobalScope;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE=globalThis.process?.versions?.node&&globalThis.process?.type!="renderer";var arguments_=[];var thisProgram="./this.program";var quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{throw toThrow};if(typeof __filename!="undefined"){_scriptName=__filename}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){_scriptName=self.location.href}var scriptDirectory="";function locateFile(path){if(Module["locateFile"]){return Module["locateFile"](path,scriptDirectory)}return scriptDirectory+path}var readAsync,readBinary;if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){var fs=require("node:fs");scriptDirectory=__dirname+"/";readBinary=filename=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename);return ret};readAsync=async(filename,binary=true)=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename,binary?undefined:"utf8");return ret};if(process.argv.length>1){thisProgram=process.argv[1].replace(/\\/g,"/")}arguments_=process.argv.slice(2);quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{process.exitCode=status;throw toThrow}}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB||ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){try{scriptDirectory=new URL(".",_scriptName).href}catch{}{if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){readBinary=url=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,false);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.send(null);return new Uint8Array(xhr.response)}}readAsync=async url=>{if(isFileURI(url)){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,true);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.onload=()=>{if(xhr.status==200||xhr.status==0&&xhr.response){resolve(xhr.response);return}reject(xhr.status)};xhr.onerror=reject;xhr.send(null)})}var response=await fetch(url,{credentials:"same-origin"});if(response.ok){return response.arrayBuffer()}throw new Error(response.status+" : "+response.url)}}}else{}var out=console.log.bind(console);var err=console.error.bind(console);var wasmBinary;var ABORT=false;var EXITSTATUS;var isFileURI=filename=>filename.startsWith("file://");var readyPromiseResolve,readyPromiseReject;var HEAP8,HEAPU8,HEAP16,HEAPU16,HEAP32,HEAPU32,HEAPF32,HEAPF64;var HEAP64,HEAPU64;var runtimeInitialized=false;function updateMemoryViews(){var b=wasmMemory.buffer;HEAP8=new Int8Array(b);HEAP16=new Int16Array(b);HEAPU8=new Uint8Array(b);Module["HEAPU16"]=HEAPU16=new Uint16Array(b);HEAP32=new Int32Array(b);Module["HEAPU32"]=HEAPU32=new Uint32Array(b);Module["HEAPF32"]=HEAPF32=new Float32Array(b);HEAPF64=new Float64Array(b);HEAP64=new BigInt64Array(b);HEAPU64=new BigUint64Array(b)}function preRun(){if(Module["preRun"]){if(typeof Module["preRun"]=="function")Module["preRun"]=[Module["preRun"]];while(Module["preRun"].length){addOnPreRun(Module["preRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPreRuns)}function initRuntime(){runtimeInitialized=true;wasmExports["P"]()}function postRun(){if(Module["postRun"]){if(typeof Module["postRun"]=="function")Module["postRun"]=[Module["postRun"]];while(Module["postRun"].length){addOnPostRun(Module["postRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPostRuns)}function abort(what){Module["onAbort"]?.(what);what="Aborted("+what+")";err(what);ABORT=true;what+=". Build with -sASSERTIONS for more info.";var e=new WebAssembly.RuntimeError(what);readyPromiseReject?.(e);throw e}var wasmBinaryFile;function findWasmBinary(){return "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/rms/afts/file/A*6vi1SJaSJ6IAAAAAgDAAAAgAehQnAQ/physx.release.simd.wasm"}function getBinarySync(file){if(file==wasmBinaryFile&&wasmBinary){return new Uint8Array(wasmBinary)}if(readBinary){return readBinary(file)}throw"both async and sync fetching of the wasm failed"}async function getWasmBinary(binaryFile){if(!wasmBinary){try{var response=await readAsync(binaryFile);return new Uint8Array(response)}catch{}}return getBinarySync(binaryFile)}async function instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports){try{var binary=await getWasmBinary(binaryFile);var instance=await WebAssembly.instantiate(binary,imports);return instance}catch(reason){err(`failed to asynchronously prepare wasm: ${reason}`);abort(reason)}}async function instantiateAsync(binary,binaryFile,imports){if(!binary&&!isFileURI(binaryFile)&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){try{var response=fetch(binaryFile,{credentials:"same-origin"});var instantiationResult=await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(response,imports);return instantiationResult}catch(reason){err(`wasm streaming compile failed: ${reason}`);err("falling back to ArrayBuffer instantiation")}}return instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports)}function getWasmImports(){var imports={a:wasmImports};return imports}async function createWasm(){function receiveInstance(instance,module){wasmExports=instance.exports;assignWasmExports(wasmExports);updateMemoryViews();return wasmExports}function receiveInstantiationResult(result){return receiveInstance(result["instance"])}var info=getWasmImports();if(Module["instantiateWasm"]){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{Module["instantiateWasm"](info,(inst,mod)=>{resolve(receiveInstance(inst,mod))})})}wasmBinaryFile??=findWasmBinary();var result=await instantiateAsync(wasmBinary,wasmBinaryFile,info);var exports=receiveInstantiationResult(result);return exports}class ExitStatus{name="ExitStatus";constructor(status){this.message=`Program terminated with exit(${status})`;this.status=status}}var callRuntimeCallbacks=callbacks=>{while(callbacks.length>0){callbacks.shift()(Module)}};var onPostRuns=[];var addOnPostRun=cb=>onPostRuns.push(cb);var onPreRuns=[];var addOnPreRun=cb=>onPreRuns.push(cb);var noExitRuntime=true;var __abort_js=()=>abort("");var createNamedFunction=(name,func)=>Object.defineProperty(func,"name",{value:name});var emval_freelist=[];var emval_handles=[0,1,,1,null,1,true,1,false,1];var BindingError=class BindingError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="BindingError"}};var throwBindingError=message=>{throw new BindingError(message)};var Emval={toValue:handle=>{if(!handle){throwBindingError(`Cannot use deleted val. handle = ${handle}`)}return emval_handles[handle]},toHandle:value=>{switch(value){case undefined:return 2;case null:return 4;case true:return 6;case false:return 8;default:{const handle=emval_freelist.pop()||emval_handles.length;emval_handles[handle]=value;emval_handles[handle+1]=1;return handle}}}};class PureVirtualError extends Error{}var AsciiToString=ptr=>{var str="";while(1){var ch=HEAPU8[ptr++];if(!ch)return str;str+=String.fromCharCode(ch)}};var registeredInstances={};var getBasestPointer=(class_,ptr)=>{if(ptr===undefined){throwBindingError("ptr should not be undefined")}while(class_.baseClass){ptr=class_.upcast(ptr);class_=class_.baseClass}return ptr};var registerInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr,instance)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){throwBindingError(`Tried to register registered instance: ${ptr}`)}else{registeredInstances[ptr]=instance}};var registeredTypes={};var getTypeName=type=>{var ptr=___getTypeName(type);var rv=AsciiToString(ptr);_free(ptr);return rv};var requireRegisteredType=(rawType,humanName)=>{var impl=registeredTypes[rawType];if(undefined===impl){throwBindingError(`${humanName} has unknown type ${getTypeName(rawType)}`)}return impl};var unregisterInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){delete registeredInstances[ptr]}else{throwBindingError(`Tried to unregister unregistered instance: ${ptr}`)}};var detachFinalizer=handle=>{};var finalizationRegistry=false;var runDestructor=$$=>{if($$.smartPtr){$$.smartPtrType.rawDestructor($$.smartPtr)}else{$$.ptrType.registeredClass.rawDestructor($$.ptr)}};var releaseClassHandle=$$=>{$$.count.value-=1;var toDelete=0===$$.count.value;if(toDelete){runDestructor($$)}};var attachFinalizer=handle=>{if(!globalThis.FinalizationRegistry){attachFinalizer=handle=>handle;return handle}finalizationRegistry=new FinalizationRegistry(info=>{releaseClassHandle(info.$$)});attachFinalizer=handle=>{var $$=handle.$$;var hasSmartPtr=!!$$.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtr){var info={$$};finalizationRegistry.register(handle,info,handle)}return handle};detachFinalizer=handle=>finalizationRegistry.unregister(handle);return attachFinalizer(handle)};var __embind_create_inheriting_constructor=(constructorName,wrapperType,properties)=>{constructorName=AsciiToString(constructorName);wrapperType=requireRegisteredType(wrapperType,"wrapper");properties=Emval.toValue(properties);var registeredClass=wrapperType.registeredClass;var wrapperPrototype=registeredClass.instancePrototype;var baseClass=registeredClass.baseClass;var baseClassPrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype;var baseConstructor=registeredClass.baseClass.constructor;var ctor=createNamedFunction(constructorName,function(...args){for(var name of registeredClass.baseClass.pureVirtualFunctions){if(this[name]===baseClassPrototype[name]){throw new PureVirtualError(`Pure virtual function ${name} must be implemented in JavaScript`)}}Object.defineProperty(this,"__parent",{value:wrapperPrototype});this["__construct"](...args)});wrapperPrototype["__construct"]=function __construct(...args){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __construct")}var inner=baseConstructor["implement"](this,...args);detachFinalizer(inner);var $$=inner.$$;inner["notifyOnDestruction"]();$$.preservePointerOnDelete=true;Object.defineProperties(this,{$$:{value:$$}});attachFinalizer(this);registerInheritedInstance(registeredClass,$$.ptr,this)};wrapperPrototype["__destruct"]=function __destruct(){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __destruct")}detachFinalizer(this);unregisterInheritedInstance(registeredClass,this.$$.ptr)};ctor.prototype=Object.create(wrapperPrototype);Object.assign(ctor.prototype,properties);return Emval.toHandle(ctor)};var structRegistrations={};var runDestructors=destructors=>{while(destructors.length){var ptr=destructors.pop();var del=destructors.pop();del(ptr)}};function readPointer(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])}var awaitingDependencies={};var typeDependencies={};var InternalError=class InternalError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="InternalError"}};var throwInternalError=message=>{throw new InternalError(message)};var whenDependentTypesAreResolved=(myTypes,dependentTypes,getTypeConverters)=>{myTypes.forEach(type=>typeDependencies[type]=dependentTypes);function onComplete(typeConverters){var myTypeConverters=getTypeConverters(typeConverters);if(myTypeConverters.length!==myTypes.length){throwInternalError("Mismatched type converter count")}for(var i=0;i<myTypes.length;++i){registerType(myTypes[i],myTypeConverters[i])}}var typeConverters=new Array(dependentTypes.length);var unregisteredTypes=[];var registered=0;for(let[i,dt]of dependentTypes.entries()){if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(dt)){typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt]}else{unregisteredTypes.push(dt);if(!awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(dt)){awaitingDependencies[dt]=[]}awaitingDependencies[dt].push(()=>{typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt];++registered;if(registered===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}})}}if(0===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}};var __embind_finalize_value_object=structType=>{var reg=structRegistrations[structType];delete structRegistrations[structType];var rawConstructor=reg.rawConstructor;var rawDestructor=reg.rawDestructor;var fieldRecords=reg.fields;var fieldTypes=fieldRecords.map(field=>field.getterReturnType).concat(fieldRecords.map(field=>field.setterArgumentType));whenDependentTypesAreResolved([structType],fieldTypes,fieldTypes=>{var fields={};for(var[i,field]of fieldRecords.entries()){const getterReturnType=fieldTypes[i];const getter=field.getter;const getterContext=field.getterContext;const setterArgumentType=fieldTypes[i+fieldRecords.length];const setter=field.setter;const setterContext=field.setterContext;fields[field.fieldName]={read:ptr=>getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr)),write:(ptr,o)=>{var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,o));runDestructors(destructors)},optional:getterReturnType.optional}}return[{name:reg.name,fromWireType:ptr=>{var rv={};for(var i in fields){rv[i]=fields[i].read(ptr)}rawDestructor(ptr);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,o)=>{for(var fieldName in fields){if(!(fieldName in o)&&!fields[fieldName].optional){throw new TypeError(`Missing field: "${fieldName}"`)}}var ptr=rawConstructor();for(fieldName in fields){fields[fieldName].write(ptr,o[fieldName])}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:rawDestructor}]})};function sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){var name=registeredInstance.name;if(!rawType){throwBindingError(`type "${name}" must have a positive integer typeid pointer`)}if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){if(options.ignoreDuplicateRegistrations){return}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot register type '${name}' twice`)}}registeredTypes[rawType]=registeredInstance;delete typeDependencies[rawType];if(awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){var callbacks=awaitingDependencies[rawType];delete awaitingDependencies[rawType];callbacks.forEach(cb=>cb())}}function registerType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){return sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options)}var integerReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?pointer=>HEAP8[pointer]:pointer=>HEAPU8[pointer];case 2:return signed?pointer=>HEAP16[pointer>>1]:pointer=>HEAPU16[pointer>>1];case 4:return signed?pointer=>HEAP32[pointer>>2]:pointer=>HEAPU32[pointer>>2];case 8:return signed?pointer=>HEAP64[pointer>>3]:pointer=>HEAPU64[pointer>>3];default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_bigint=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0n;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){const bitSize=size*8;fromWireType=value=>BigInt.asUintN(bitSize,value);maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(typeof value=="number"){value=BigInt(value)}return value},readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,!isUnsignedType),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_bool=(rawType,name,trueValue,falseValue)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:function(wt){return!!wt},toWireType:function(destructors,o){return o?trueValue:falseValue},readValueFromPointer:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])},destructorFunction:null})};var shallowCopyInternalPointer=o=>({count:o.count,deleteScheduled:o.deleteScheduled,preservePointerOnDelete:o.preservePointerOnDelete,ptr:o.ptr,ptrType:o.ptrType,smartPtr:o.smartPtr,smartPtrType:o.smartPtrType});var throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted=obj=>{function getInstanceTypeName(handle){return handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass.name}throwBindingError(getInstanceTypeName(obj)+" instance already deleted")};var deletionQueue=[];var flushPendingDeletes=()=>{while(deletionQueue.length){var obj=deletionQueue.pop();obj.$$.deleteScheduled=false;obj["delete"]()}};var delayFunction;var init_ClassHandle=()=>{let proto=ClassHandle.prototype;Object.assign(proto,{isAliasOf(other){if(!(this instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}if(!(other instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}var leftClass=this.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var left=this.$$.ptr;other.$$=other.$$;var rightClass=other.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var right=other.$$.ptr;while(leftClass.baseClass){left=leftClass.upcast(left);leftClass=leftClass.baseClass}while(rightClass.baseClass){right=rightClass.upcast(right);rightClass=rightClass.baseClass}return leftClass===rightClass&&left===right},clone(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.count.value+=1;return this}else{var clone=attachFinalizer(Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this),{$$:{value:shallowCopyInternalPointer(this.$$)}}));clone.$$.count.value+=1;clone.$$.deleteScheduled=false;return clone}},delete(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}detachFinalizer(this);releaseClassHandle(this.$$);if(!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.smartPtr=undefined;this.$$.ptr=undefined}},isDeleted(){return!this.$$.ptr},deleteLater(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}deletionQueue.push(this);if(deletionQueue.length===1&&delayFunction){delayFunction(flushPendingDeletes)}this.$$.deleteScheduled=true;return this}});const symbolDispose=Symbol.dispose;if(symbolDispose){proto[symbolDispose]=proto["delete"]}};function ClassHandle(){}var registeredPointers={};var ensureOverloadTable=(proto,methodName,humanName)=>{if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){var prevFunc=proto[methodName];proto[methodName]=function(...args){if(!proto[methodName].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(args.length)){throwBindingError(`Function '${humanName}' called with an invalid number of arguments (${args.length}) - expects one of (${proto[methodName].overloadTable})!`)}return proto[methodName].overloadTable[args.length].apply(this,args)};proto[methodName].overloadTable=[];proto[methodName].overloadTable[prevFunc.argCount]=prevFunc}};var exposePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){if(undefined===numArguments||undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]){throwBindingError(`Cannot register public name '${name}' twice`)}ensureOverloadTable(Module,name,name);if(Module[name].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(numArguments)){throwBindingError(`Cannot register multiple overloads of a function with the same number of arguments (${numArguments})!`)}Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var char_0=48;var char_9=57;var makeLegalFunctionName=name=>{name=name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g,"$");var f=name.charCodeAt(0);if(f>=char_0&&f<=char_9){return`_${name}`}return name};function RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast){this.name=name;this.constructor=constructor;this.instancePrototype=instancePrototype;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;this.baseClass=baseClass;this.getActualType=getActualType;this.upcast=upcast;this.downcast=downcast;this.pureVirtualFunctions=[]}var upcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{while(ptrClass!==desiredClass){if(!ptrClass.upcast){throwBindingError(`Expected null or instance of ${desiredClass.name}, got an instance of ${ptrClass.name}`)}ptr=ptrClass.upcast(ptr);ptrClass=ptrClass.baseClass}return ptr};var embindRepr=v=>{if(v===null){return"null"}var t=typeof v;if(t==="object"||t==="array"||t==="function"){return v.toString()}else{return""+v}};function constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}function genericPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){var ptr;if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}if(this.isSmartPointer){ptr=this.rawConstructor();if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr}else{return 0}}if(!handle||!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(!this.isConst&&handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);if(this.isSmartPointer){if(undefined===handle.$$.smartPtr){throwBindingError("Passing raw pointer to smart pointer is illegal")}switch(this.sharingPolicy){case 0:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}break;case 1:ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr;break;case 2:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{var clonedHandle=handle["clone"]();ptr=this.rawShare(ptr,Emval.toHandle(()=>clonedHandle["delete"]()));if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}}break;default:throwBindingError("Unsupported sharing policy")}}return ptr}function nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}var downcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{if(ptrClass===desiredClass){return ptr}if(undefined===desiredClass.baseClass){return null}var rv=downcastPointer(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass.baseClass);if(rv===null){return null}return desiredClass.downcast(rv)};var getInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);return registeredInstances[ptr]};var makeClassHandle=(prototype,record)=>{if(!record.ptrType||!record.ptr){throwInternalError("makeClassHandle requires ptr and ptrType")}var hasSmartPtrType=!!record.smartPtrType;var hasSmartPtr=!!record.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtrType!==hasSmartPtr){throwInternalError("Both smartPtrType and smartPtr must be specified")}record.count={value:1};return attachFinalizer(Object.create(prototype,{$$:{value:record,writable:true}}))};function RegisteredPointer_fromWireType(ptr){var rawPointer=this.getPointee(ptr);if(!rawPointer){this.destructor(ptr);return null}var registeredInstance=getInheritedInstance(this.registeredClass,rawPointer);if(undefined!==registeredInstance){if(0===registeredInstance.$$.count.value){registeredInstance.$$.ptr=rawPointer;registeredInstance.$$.smartPtr=ptr;return registeredInstance["clone"]()}else{var rv=registeredInstance["clone"]();this.destructor(ptr);return rv}}function makeDefaultHandle(){if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this.pointeeType,ptr:rawPointer,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this,ptr})}}var actualType=this.registeredClass.getActualType(rawPointer);var registeredPointerRecord=registeredPointers[actualType];if(!registeredPointerRecord){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}var toType;if(this.isConst){toType=registeredPointerRecord.constPointerType}else{toType=registeredPointerRecord.pointerType}var dp=downcastPointer(rawPointer,this.registeredClass,toType.registeredClass);if(dp===null){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp})}}var init_RegisteredPointer=()=>{Object.assign(RegisteredPointer.prototype,{getPointee(ptr){if(this.rawGetPointee){ptr=this.rawGetPointee(ptr)}return ptr},destructor(ptr){this.rawDestructor?.(ptr)},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,fromWireType:RegisteredPointer_fromWireType})};function RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,isReference,isConst,isSmartPointer,pointeeType,sharingPolicy,rawGetPointee,rawConstructor,rawShare,rawDestructor){this.name=name;this.registeredClass=registeredClass;this.isReference=isReference;this.isConst=isConst;this.isSmartPointer=isSmartPointer;this.pointeeType=pointeeType;this.sharingPolicy=sharingPolicy;this.rawGetPointee=rawGetPointee;this.rawConstructor=rawConstructor;this.rawShare=rawShare;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;if(!isSmartPointer&&registeredClass.baseClass===undefined){if(isConst){this.toWireType=constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}else{this.toWireType=nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}}else{this.toWireType=genericPointerToWireType}}var replacePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(!Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){throwInternalError("Replacing nonexistent public symbol")}if(undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==numArguments){Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var wasmTableMirror=[];var getWasmTableEntry=funcPtr=>{var func=wasmTableMirror[funcPtr];if(!func){wasmTableMirror[funcPtr]=func=wasmTable.get(funcPtr)}return func};var embind__requireFunction=(signature,rawFunction,isAsync=false)=>{signature=AsciiToString(signature);function makeDynCaller(){var rtn=getWasmTableEntry(rawFunction);return rtn}var fp=makeDynCaller();if(typeof fp!="function"){throwBindingError(`unknown function pointer with signature ${signature}: ${rawFunction}`)}return fp};class UnboundTypeError extends Error{}var throwUnboundTypeError=(message,types)=>{var unboundTypes=[];var seen={};function visit(type){if(seen[type]){return}if(registeredTypes[type]){return}if(typeDependencies[type]){typeDependencies[type].forEach(visit);return}unboundTypes.push(type);seen[type]=true}types.forEach(visit);throw new UnboundTypeError(`${message}: `+unboundTypes.map(getTypeName).join([", "]))};var __embind_register_class=(rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType,baseClassRawType,getActualTypeSignature,getActualType,upcastSignature,upcast,downcastSignature,downcast,name,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);getActualType=embind__requireFunction(getActualTypeSignature,getActualType);upcast&&=embind__requireFunction(upcastSignature,upcast);downcast&&=embind__requireFunction(downcastSignature,downcast);rawDestructor=embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor);var legalFunctionName=makeLegalFunctionName(name);exposePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${name} due to unbound types`,[baseClassRawType])});whenDependentTypesAreResolved([rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType],baseClassRawType?[baseClassRawType]:[],base=>{base=base[0];var baseClass;var basePrototype;if(baseClassRawType){baseClass=base.registeredClass;basePrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype}else{basePrototype=ClassHandle.prototype}var constructor=createNamedFunction(name,function(...args){if(Object.getPrototypeOf(this)!==instancePrototype){throw new BindingError(`Use 'new' to construct ${name}`)}if(undefined===registeredClass.constructor_body){throw new BindingError(`${name} has no accessible constructor`)}var body=registeredClass.constructor_body[args.length];if(undefined===body){throw new BindingError(`Tried to invoke ctor of ${name} with invalid number of parameters (${args.length}) - expected (${Object.keys(registeredClass.constructor_body).toString()}) parameters instead!`)}return body.apply(this,args)});var instancePrototype=Object.create(basePrototype,{constructor:{value:constructor}});constructor.prototype=instancePrototype;var registeredClass=new RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast);if(registeredClass.baseClass){registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses??=[];registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses.push(registeredClass)}var referenceConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,true,false,false);var pointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+"*",registeredClass,false,false,false);var constPointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+" const*",registeredClass,false,true,false);registeredPointers[rawType]={pointerType:pointerConverter,constPointerType:constPointerConverter};replacePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,constructor);return[referenceConverter,pointerConverter,constPointerConverter]})};function usesDestructorStack(argTypes){for(var i=1;i<argTypes.length;++i){if(argTypes[i]!==null&&argTypes[i].destructorFunction===undefined){return true}}return false}function craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,cppInvokerFunc,cppTargetFunc,isAsync){var argCount=argTypes.length;if(argCount<2){throwBindingError("argTypes array size mismatch! Must at least get return value and 'this' types!")}var isClassMethodFunc=argTypes[1]!==null&&classType!==null;var needsDestructorStack=usesDestructorStack(argTypes);var returns=!argTypes[0].isVoid;var expectedArgCount=argCount-2;var argsWired=new Array(expectedArgCount);var invokerFuncArgs=[];var destructors=[];var invokerFn=function(...args){destructors.length=0;var thisWired;invokerFuncArgs.length=isClassMethodFunc?2:1;invokerFuncArgs[0]=cppTargetFunc;if(isClassMethodFunc){thisWired=argTypes[1].toWireType(destructors,this);invokerFuncArgs[1]=thisWired}for(var i=0;i<expectedArgCount;++i){argsWired[i]=argTypes[i+2].toWireType(destructors,args[i]);invokerFuncArgs.push(argsWired[i])}var rv=cppInvokerFunc(...invokerFuncArgs);function onDone(rv){if(needsDestructorStack){runDestructors(destructors)}else{for(var i=isClassMethodFunc?1:2;i<argTypes.length;i++){var param=i===1?thisWired:argsWired[i-2];if(argTypes[i].destructorFunction!==null){argTypes[i].destructorFunction(param)}}}if(returns){return argTypes[0].fromWireType(rv)}}return onDone(rv)};return createNamedFunction(humanName,invokerFn)}var heap32VectorToArray=(count,firstElement)=>{var array=[];for(var i=0;i<count;i++){array.push(HEAPU32[firstElement+i*4>>2])}return array};var getFunctionName=signature=>{signature=signature.trim();const argsIndex=signature.indexOf("(");if(argsIndex===-1)return signature;return signature.slice(0,argsIndex)};var __embind_register_class_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}var proto=classType.registeredClass.constructor;if(undefined===proto[methodName]){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));var func=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){func.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=func}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=func}if(classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){for(const derivedClass of classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){if(!derivedClass.constructor.hasOwnProperty(methodName)){derivedClass.constructor[methodName]=func}}}return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_constructor=(rawClassType,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,invoker,rawConstructor)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);invoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,invoker);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`constructor ${classType.name}`;if(undefined===classType.registeredClass.constructor_body){classType.registeredClass.constructor_body=[]}if(undefined!==classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]){throw new BindingError(`Cannot register multiple constructors with identical number of parameters (${argCount-1}) for class '${classType.name}'! Overload resolution is currently only performed using the parameter count, not actual type info!`)}classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=()=>{throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${classType.name} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)};whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{argTypes.splice(1,0,null);classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,null,invoker,rawConstructor);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,context,isPureVirtual,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}if(isPureVirtual){classType.registeredClass.pureVirtualFunctions.push(methodName)}function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}var proto=classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype;var method=proto[methodName];if(undefined===method||undefined===method.overloadTable&&method.className!==classType.name&&method.argCount===argCount-2){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-2;unboundTypesHandler.className=classType.name;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var memberFunction=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,rawInvoker,context,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){memberFunction.argCount=argCount-2;proto[methodName]=memberFunction}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=memberFunction}return[]});return[]})};var validateThis=(this_,classType,humanName)=>{if(!(this_ instanceof Object)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} with invalid "this": ${this_}`)}if(!(this_ instanceof classType.registeredClass.constructor)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} incompatible with "this" of type ${this_.constructor.name}`)}if(!this_.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`cannot call emscripten binding method ${humanName} on deleted object`)}return upcastPointer(this_.$$.ptr,this_.$$.ptrType.registeredClass,classType.registeredClass)};var __embind_register_class_property=(classType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{fieldName=AsciiToString(fieldName);getter=embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[classType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${fieldName}`;var desc={get(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])},enumerable:true,configurable:true};if(setter){desc.set=()=>throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])}else{desc.set=v=>throwBindingError(humanName+" is a read-only property")}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],setter?[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType]:[getterReturnType],types=>{var getterReturnType=types[0];var desc={get(){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" getter");return getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr))},enumerable:true};if(setter){setter=embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter);var setterArgumentType=types[1];desc.set=function(v){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" setter");var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,v));runDestructors(destructors)}}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_constant=(name,type,value)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[type],type=>{type=type[0];Module[name]=type.fromWireType(value);return[]})};var __emval_decref=handle=>{if(handle>9&&0===--emval_handles[handle+1]){emval_handles[handle]=undefined;emval_freelist.push(handle)}};var EmValType={name:"emscripten::val",fromWireType:handle=>{var rv=Emval.toValue(handle);__emval_decref(handle);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>Emval.toHandle(value),readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:null};var __embind_register_emval=rawType=>registerType(rawType,EmValType);var enumReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP8[pointer])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])};case 2:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP16[pointer>>1])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU16[pointer>>1])};case 4:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP32[pointer>>2])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};function getEnumValueType(rawValueType){return rawValueType===0?"object":rawValueType===1?"number":"string"}var __embind_register_enum=(rawType,name,size,isSigned,rawValueType)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const valueType=getEnumValueType(rawValueType);switch(valueType){case"object":{function ctor(){}ctor.values={};registerType(rawType,{name,constructor:ctor,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.constructor.values[c]},toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c.value,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,ctor);break}case"number":{var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:c=>c,toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}case"string":{var valuesMap={};var reverseMap={};var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,valuesMap,reverseMap,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.reverseMap[c]},toWireType:function(destructors,c){return this.valuesMap[c]},readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}}};var __embind_register_enum_value=(rawEnumType,name,enumValue)=>{var enumType=requireRegisteredType(rawEnumType,"enum");name=AsciiToString(name);switch(enumType.valueType){case"object":{var Enum=enumType.constructor;var Value=Object.create(enumType.constructor.prototype,{value:{value:enumValue},constructor:{value:createNamedFunction(`${enumType.name}_${name}`,function(){})}});Enum.values[enumValue]=Value;Enum[name]=Value;break}case"number":{enumType.keysMap[name]=enumValue;break}case"string":{enumType.valuesMap[name]=enumValue;enumType.reverseMap[enumValue]=name;enumType.keysMap[name]=name;break}}};var floatReadValueFromPointer=(name,width)=>{switch(width){case 4:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF32[pointer>>2])};case 8:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF64[pointer>>3])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid float width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_float=(rawType,name,size)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>value,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:floatReadValueFromPointer(name,size),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_function=(name,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,signature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var argTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);name=AsciiToString(name);name=getFunctionName(name);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(signature,rawInvoker,isAsync);exposePublicSymbol(name,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${name} due to unbound types`,argTypes)},argCount-1);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],argTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));replacePublicSymbol(name,craftInvokerFunction(name,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync),argCount-1);return[]})};var __embind_register_integer=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){var bitshift=32-8*size;fromWireType=value=>value<<bitshift>>>bitshift;maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,minRange!==0),destructorFunction:null})};var installIndexedIterator=(proto,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{const makeIterator=(size,getValue)=>{let index=0;return{next(){if(index>=size){return{done:true}}const current=index;index++;const value=getValue(current);return{value,done:false}},[Symbol.iterator](){return this}}};if(!proto[Symbol.iterator]){proto[Symbol.iterator]=function(){const size=this[sizeMethodName]();return makeIterator(size,i=>this[getMethodName](i))}}};var __embind_register_iterable=(rawClassType,rawElementType,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{sizeMethodName=AsciiToString(sizeMethodName);getMethodName=AsciiToString(getMethodName);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType,rawElementType],types=>{const classType=types[0];installIndexedIterator(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,sizeMethodName,getMethodName);return[]})};var __embind_register_memory_view=(rawType,dataTypeIndex,name)=>{var typeMapping=[Int8Array,Uint8Array,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array,BigInt64Array,BigUint64Array];var TA=typeMapping[dataTypeIndex];function decodeMemoryView(handle){var size=HEAPU32[handle>>2];var data=HEAPU32[handle+4>>2];return new TA(HEAP8.buffer,data,size)}name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:decodeMemoryView,readValueFromPointer:decodeMemoryView},{ignoreDuplicateRegistrations:true})};var EmValOptionalType=Object.assign({optional:true},EmValType);var __embind_register_optional=(rawOptionalType,rawType)=>{registerType(rawOptionalType,EmValOptionalType)};var stringToUTF8Array=(str,heap,outIdx,maxBytesToWrite)=>{if(!(maxBytesToWrite>0))return 0;var startIdx=outIdx;var endIdx=outIdx+maxBytesToWrite-1;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var u=str.codePointAt(i);if(u<=127){if(outIdx>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=u}else if(u<=2047){if(outIdx+1>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=192|u>>6;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else if(u<=65535){if(outIdx+2>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=224|u>>12;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63}else{if(outIdx+3>=endIdx)break;heap[outIdx++]=240|u>>18;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>12&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u>>6&63;heap[outIdx++]=128|u&63;i++}}heap[outIdx]=0;return outIdx-startIdx};var stringToUTF8=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>stringToUTF8Array(str,HEAPU8,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite);var lengthBytesUTF8=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var c=str.charCodeAt(i);if(c<=127){len++}else if(c<=2047){len+=2}else if(c>=55296&&c<=57343){len+=4;++i}else{len+=3}}return len};var UTF8Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder&&new TextDecoder;var findStringEnd=(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var maxIdx=idx+maxBytesToRead;if(ignoreNul)return maxIdx;while(heapOrArray[idx]&&!(idx>=maxIdx))++idx;return idx};var UTF8ArrayToString=(heapOrArray,idx=0,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var endPtr=findStringEnd(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul);if(endPtr-idx>16&&heapOrArray.buffer&&UTF8Decoder){return UTF8Decoder.decode(heapOrArray.subarray(idx,endPtr))}var str="";while(idx<endPtr){var u0=heapOrArray[idx++];if(!(u0&128)){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0);continue}var u1=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&224)==192){str+=String.fromCharCode((u0&31)<<6|u1);continue}var u2=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&240)==224){u0=(u0&15)<<12|u1<<6|u2}else{u0=(u0&7)<<18|u1<<12|u2<<6|heapOrArray[idx++]&63}if(u0<65536){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0)}else{var ch=u0-65536;str+=String.fromCharCode(55296|ch>>10,56320|ch&1023)}}return str};var UTF8ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>ptr?UTF8ArrayToString(HEAPU8,ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul):"";var __embind_register_std_string=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var stdStringIsUTF8=true;registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType(value){var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var payload=value+4;var str;if(stdStringIsUTF8){str=UTF8ToString(payload,length,true)}else{str="";for(var i=0;i<length;++i){str+=String.fromCharCode(HEAPU8[payload+i])}}_free(value);return str},toWireType(destructors,value){if(value instanceof ArrayBuffer){value=new Uint8Array(value)}var length;var valueIsOfTypeString=typeof value=="string";if(!(valueIsOfTypeString||ArrayBuffer.isView(value)&&value.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT==1)){throwBindingError("Cannot pass non-string to std::string")}if(stdStringIsUTF8&&valueIsOfTypeString){length=lengthBytesUTF8(value)}else{length=value.length}var base=_malloc(4+length+1);var ptr=base+4;HEAPU32[base>>2]=length;if(valueIsOfTypeString){if(stdStringIsUTF8){stringToUTF8(value,ptr,length+1)}else{for(var i=0;i<length;++i){var charCode=value.charCodeAt(i);if(charCode>255){_free(base);throwBindingError("String has UTF-16 code units that do not fit in 8 bits")}HEAPU8[ptr+i]=charCode}}}else{HEAPU8.set(value,ptr)}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,base)}return base},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var UTF16Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder?new TextDecoder("utf-16le"):undefined;var UTF16ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var idx=ptr>>1;var endIdx=findStringEnd(HEAPU16,idx,maxBytesToRead/2,ignoreNul);if(endIdx-idx>16&&UTF16Decoder)return UTF16Decoder.decode(HEAPU16.subarray(idx,endIdx));var str="";for(var i=idx;i<endIdx;++i){var codeUnit=HEAPU16[i];str+=String.fromCharCode(codeUnit)}return str};var stringToUTF16=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<2)return 0;maxBytesToWrite-=2;var startPtr=outPtr;var numCharsToWrite=maxBytesToWrite<str.length*2?maxBytesToWrite/2:str.length;for(var i=0;i<numCharsToWrite;++i){var codeUnit=str.charCodeAt(i);HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=codeUnit;outPtr+=2}HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF16=str=>str.length*2;var UTF32ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var str="";var startIdx=ptr>>2;for(var i=0;!(i>=maxBytesToRead/4);i++){var utf32=HEAPU32[startIdx+i];if(!utf32&&!ignoreNul)break;str+=String.fromCodePoint(utf32)}return str};var stringToUTF32=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<4)return 0;var startPtr=outPtr;var endPtr=startPtr+maxBytesToWrite-4;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=codePoint;outPtr+=4;if(outPtr+4>endPtr)break}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF32=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}len+=4}return len};var __embind_register_std_wstring=(rawType,charSize,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var decodeString,encodeString,lengthBytesUTF;if(charSize===2){decodeString=UTF16ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF16;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF16}else{decodeString=UTF32ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF32;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF32}registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>{var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var str=decodeString(value+4,length*charSize,true);_free(value);return str},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(!(typeof value=="string")){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass non-string to C++ string type ${name}`)}var length=lengthBytesUTF(value);var ptr=_malloc(4+length+charSize);HEAPU32[ptr>>2]=length/charSize;encodeString(value,ptr+4,length+charSize);if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var __embind_register_value_object=(rawType,name,constructorSignature,rawConstructor,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{structRegistrations[rawType]={name:AsciiToString(name),rawConstructor:embind__requireFunction(constructorSignature,rawConstructor),rawDestructor:embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor),fields:[]}};var __embind_register_value_object_field=(structType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{structRegistrations[structType].fields.push({fieldName:AsciiToString(fieldName),getterReturnType,getter:embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter),getterContext,setterArgumentType,setter:embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter),setterContext})};var __embind_register_void=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{isVoid:true,name,fromWireType:()=>undefined,toWireType:(destructors,o)=>undefined})};var runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0;var __emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear=()=>{noExitRuntime=false;runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0};var emval_methodCallers=[];var emval_addMethodCaller=caller=>{var id=emval_methodCallers.length;emval_methodCallers.push(caller);return id};var emval_lookupTypes=(argCount,argTypes)=>{var a=new Array(argCount);for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){a[i]=requireRegisteredType(HEAPU32[argTypes+i*4>>2],`parameter ${i}`)}return a};var emval_returnValue=(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,handle)=>{var destructors=[];var result=toReturnWire(destructors,handle);if(destructors.length){HEAPU32[destructorsRef>>2]=Emval.toHandle(destructors)}return result};var emval_symbols={};var getStringOrSymbol=address=>{var symbol=emval_symbols[address];if(symbol===undefined){return AsciiToString(address)}return symbol};var __emval_create_invoker=(argCount,argTypesPtr,kind)=>{var GenericWireTypeSize=8;var[retType,...argTypes]=emval_lookupTypes(argCount,argTypesPtr);var toReturnWire=retType.toWireType.bind(retType);var argFromPtr=argTypes.map(type=>type.readValueFromPointer.bind(type));argCount--;var argN=new Array(argCount);var invokerFunction=(handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>{var offset=0;for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){argN[i]=argFromPtr[i](args+offset);offset+=GenericWireTypeSize}var rv;switch(kind){case 0:rv=Emval.toValue(handle).apply(null,argN);break;case 2:rv=Reflect.construct(Emval.toValue(handle),argN);break;case 3:rv=argN[0];break;case 1:rv=Emval.toValue(handle)[getStringOrSymbol(methodName)](...argN);break}return emval_returnValue(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,rv)};var functionName=`methodCaller<(${argTypes.map(t=>t.name)}) => ${retType.name}>`;return emval_addMethodCaller(createNamedFunction(functionName,invokerFunction))};var __emval_invoke=(caller,handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>emval_methodCallers[caller](handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args);var __emval_new_cstring=v=>Emval.toHandle(getStringOrSymbol(v));var __emval_new_object=()=>Emval.toHandle({});var __emval_run_destructors=handle=>{var destructors=Emval.toValue(handle);runDestructors(destructors);__emval_decref(handle)};var __emval_set_property=(handle,key,value)=>{handle=Emval.toValue(handle);key=Emval.toValue(key);value=Emval.toValue(value);handle[key]=value};var timers={};var handleException=e=>{if(e instanceof ExitStatus||e=="unwind"){return EXITSTATUS}quit_(1,e)};var keepRuntimeAlive=()=>noExitRuntime||runtimeKeepaliveCounter>0;var _proc_exit=code=>{EXITSTATUS=code;if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){Module["onExit"]?.(code);ABORT=true}quit_(code,new ExitStatus(code))};var exitJS=(status,implicit)=>{EXITSTATUS=status;_proc_exit(status)};var _exit=exitJS;var maybeExit=()=>{if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){try{_exit(EXITSTATUS)}catch(e){handleException(e)}}};var callUserCallback=func=>{if(ABORT){return}try{return func()}catch(e){handleException(e)}finally{maybeExit()}};var _emscripten_get_now=()=>performance.now();var __setitimer_js=(which,timeout_ms)=>{if(timers[which]){clearTimeout(timers[which].id);delete timers[which]}if(!timeout_ms)return 0;var id=setTimeout(()=>{delete timers[which];callUserCallback(()=>__emscripten_timeout(which,_emscripten_get_now()))},timeout_ms);timers[which]={id,timeout_ms};return 0};var _emscripten_date_now=()=>Date.now();var getHeapMax=()=>2147483648;var alignMemory=(size,alignment)=>Math.ceil(size/alignment)*alignment;var growMemory=size=>{var oldHeapSize=wasmMemory.buffer.byteLength;var pages=(size-oldHeapSize+65535)/65536|0;try{wasmMemory.grow(pages);updateMemoryViews();return 1}catch(e){}};var _emscripten_resize_heap=requestedSize=>{var oldSize=HEAPU8.length;requestedSize>>>=0;var maxHeapSize=getHeapMax();if(requestedSize>maxHeapSize){return false}for(var cutDown=1;cutDown<=4;cutDown*=2){var overGrownHeapSize=oldSize*(1+.2/cutDown);overGrownHeapSize=Math.min(overGrownHeapSize,requestedSize+100663296);var newSize=Math.min(maxHeapSize,alignMemory(Math.max(requestedSize,overGrownHeapSize),65536));var replacement=growMemory(newSize);if(replacement){return true}}return false};var printCharBuffers=[null,[],[]];var printChar=(stream,curr)=>{var buffer=printCharBuffers[stream];if(curr===0||curr===10){(stream===1?out:err)(UTF8ArrayToString(buffer));buffer.length=0}else{buffer.push(curr)}};var _fd_write=(fd,iov,iovcnt,pnum)=>{var num=0;for(var i=0;i<iovcnt;i++){var ptr=HEAPU32[iov>>2];var len=HEAPU32[iov+4>>2];iov+=8;for(var j=0;j<len;j++){printChar(fd,HEAPU8[ptr+j])}num+=len}HEAPU32[pnum>>2]=num;return 0};init_ClassHandle();init_RegisteredPointer();{if(Module["noExitRuntime"])noExitRuntime=Module["noExitRuntime"];if(Module["print"])out=Module["print"];if(Module["printErr"])err=Module["printErr"];if(Module["wasmBinary"])wasmBinary=Module["wasmBinary"];if(Module["arguments"])arguments_=Module["arguments"];if(Module["thisProgram"])thisProgram=Module["thisProgram"];if(Module["preInit"]){if(typeof Module["preInit"]=="function")Module["preInit"]=[Module["preInit"]];while(Module["preInit"].length>0){Module["preInit"].shift()()}}}var ___getTypeName,_free,_malloc,__emscripten_timeout,memory,__indirect_function_table,wasmMemory,wasmTable;function assignWasmExports(wasmExports){___getTypeName=wasmExports["Q"];_free=Module["_free"]=wasmExports["R"];_malloc=Module["_malloc"]=wasmExports["S"];__emscripten_timeout=wasmExports["U"];memory=wasmMemory=wasmExports["O"];__indirect_function_table=wasmTable=wasmExports["T"]}var wasmImports={J:__abort_js,x:__embind_create_inheriting_constructor,s:__embind_finalize_value_object,z:__embind_register_bigint,A:__embind_register_bool,b:__embind_register_class,p:__embind_register_class_class_function,e:__embind_register_class_constructor,a:__embind_register_class_function,d:__embind_register_class_property,K:__embind_register_constant,M:__embind_register_emval,l:__embind_register_enum,f:__embind_register_enum_value,y:__embind_register_float,g:__embind_register_function,o:__embind_register_integer,q:__embind_register_iterable,h:__embind_register_memory_view,r:__embind_register_optional,N:__embind_register_std_string,u:__embind_register_std_wstring,t:__embind_register_value_object,m:__embind_register_value_object_field,B:__embind_register_void,D:__emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear,k:__emval_create_invoker,n:__emval_decref,j:__emval_invoke,v:__emval_new_cstring,L:__emval_new_object,i:__emval_run_destructors,w:__emval_set_property,E:__setitimer_js,I:_emscripten_date_now,c:_emscripten_get_now,F:_emscripten_resize_heap,G:_exit,H:_fd_write,C:_proc_exit};function run(){preRun();function doRun(){Module["calledRun"]=true;if(ABORT)return;initRuntime();readyPromiseResolve?.(Module);Module["onRuntimeInitialized"]?.();postRun()}if(Module["setStatus"]){Module["setStatus"]("Running...");setTimeout(()=>{setTimeout(()=>Module["setStatus"](""),1);doRun()},1)}else{doRun()}}var wasmExports;wasmExports=await (createWasm());run();if(runtimeInitialized){moduleRtn=Module}else{moduleRtn=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{readyPromiseResolve=resolve;readyPromiseReject=reject})}
+var PHYSX=(()=>{var _scriptName=globalThis.document?.currentScript?.src;return async function(moduleArg={}){var moduleRtn;var Module=moduleArg;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB=!!globalThis.window;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER=!!globalThis.WorkerGlobalScope;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE=globalThis.process?.versions?.node&&globalThis.process?.type!="renderer";var arguments_=[];var thisProgram="./this.program";var quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{throw toThrow};if(typeof __filename!="undefined"){_scriptName=__filename}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){_scriptName=self.location.href}var scriptDirectory="";function locateFile(path){if(Module["locateFile"]){return Module["locateFile"](path,scriptDirectory)}return scriptDirectory+path}var readAsync,readBinary;if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){var fs=require("node:fs");scriptDirectory=__dirname+"/";readBinary=filename=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename);return ret};readAsync=async(filename,binary=true)=>{filename=isFileURI(filename)?new URL(filename):filename;var ret=fs.readFileSync(filename,binary?undefined:"utf8");return ret};if(process.argv.length>1){thisProgram=process.argv[1].replace(/\\/g,"/")}arguments_=process.argv.slice(2);quit_=(status,toThrow)=>{process.exitCode=status;throw toThrow}}else if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB||ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){try{scriptDirectory=new URL(".",_scriptName).href}catch{}{if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER){readBinary=url=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,false);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.send(null);return new Uint8Array(xhr.response)}}readAsync=async url=>{if(isFileURI(url)){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;xhr.open("GET",url,true);xhr.responseType="arraybuffer";xhr.onload=()=>{if(xhr.status==200||xhr.status==0&&xhr.response){resolve(xhr.response);return}reject(xhr.status)};xhr.onerror=reject;xhr.send(null)})}var response=await fetch(url,{credentials:"same-origin"});if(response.ok){return response.arrayBuffer()}throw new Error(response.status+" : "+response.url)}}}else{}var out=console.log.bind(console);var err=console.error.bind(console);var wasmBinary;var ABORT=false;var EXITSTATUS;var isFileURI=filename=>filename.startsWith("file://");var readyPromiseResolve,readyPromiseReject;var HEAP8,HEAPU8,HEAP16,HEAPU16,HEAP32,HEAPU32,HEAPF32,HEAPF64;var HEAP64,HEAPU64;var runtimeInitialized=false;function updateMemoryViews(){var b=wasmMemory.buffer;HEAP8=new Int8Array(b);HEAP16=new Int16Array(b);HEAPU8=new Uint8Array(b);Module["HEAPU16"]=HEAPU16=new Uint16Array(b);HEAP32=new Int32Array(b);Module["HEAPU32"]=HEAPU32=new Uint32Array(b);Module["HEAPF32"]=HEAPF32=new Float32Array(b);HEAPF64=new Float64Array(b);HEAP64=new BigInt64Array(b);HEAPU64=new BigUint64Array(b)}function preRun(){if(Module["preRun"]){if(typeof Module["preRun"]=="function")Module["preRun"]=[Module["preRun"]];while(Module["preRun"].length){addOnPreRun(Module["preRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPreRuns)}function initRuntime(){runtimeInitialized=true;wasmExports["P"]()}function postRun(){if(Module["postRun"]){if(typeof Module["postRun"]=="function")Module["postRun"]=[Module["postRun"]];while(Module["postRun"].length){addOnPostRun(Module["postRun"].shift())}}callRuntimeCallbacks(onPostRuns)}function abort(what){Module["onAbort"]?.(what);what="Aborted("+what+")";err(what);ABORT=true;what+=". Build with -sASSERTIONS for more info.";var e=new WebAssembly.RuntimeError(what);readyPromiseReject?.(e);throw e}var wasmBinaryFile;function findWasmBinary(){return locateFile("physx.release.simd.wasm")}function getBinarySync(file){if(file==wasmBinaryFile&&wasmBinary){return new Uint8Array(wasmBinary)}if(readBinary){return readBinary(file)}throw"both async and sync fetching of the wasm failed"}async function getWasmBinary(binaryFile){if(!wasmBinary){try{var response=await readAsync(binaryFile);return new Uint8Array(response)}catch{}}return getBinarySync(binaryFile)}async function instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports){try{var binary=await getWasmBinary(binaryFile);var instance=await WebAssembly.instantiate(binary,imports);return instance}catch(reason){err(`failed to asynchronously prepare wasm: ${reason}`);abort(reason)}}async function instantiateAsync(binary,binaryFile,imports){if(!binary&&!isFileURI(binaryFile)&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){try{var response=fetch(binaryFile,{credentials:"same-origin"});var instantiationResult=await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(response,imports);return instantiationResult}catch(reason){err(`wasm streaming compile failed: ${reason}`);err("falling back to ArrayBuffer instantiation")}}return instantiateArrayBuffer(binaryFile,imports)}function getWasmImports(){var imports={a:wasmImports};return imports}async function createWasm(){function receiveInstance(instance,module){wasmExports=instance.exports;assignWasmExports(wasmExports);updateMemoryViews();return wasmExports}function receiveInstantiationResult(result){return receiveInstance(result["instance"])}var info=getWasmImports();if(Module["instantiateWasm"]){return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{Module["instantiateWasm"](info,(inst,mod)=>{resolve(receiveInstance(inst,mod))})})}wasmBinaryFile??=findWasmBinary();var result=await instantiateAsync(wasmBinary,wasmBinaryFile,info);var exports=receiveInstantiationResult(result);return exports}class ExitStatus{name="ExitStatus";constructor(status){this.message=`Program terminated with exit(${status})`;this.status=status}}var callRuntimeCallbacks=callbacks=>{while(callbacks.length>0){callbacks.shift()(Module)}};var onPostRuns=[];var addOnPostRun=cb=>onPostRuns.push(cb);var onPreRuns=[];var addOnPreRun=cb=>onPreRuns.push(cb);var noExitRuntime=true;var __abort_js=()=>abort("");var createNamedFunction=(name,func)=>Object.defineProperty(func,"name",{value:name});var emval_freelist=[];var emval_handles=[0,1,,1,null,1,true,1,false,1];var BindingError=class BindingError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="BindingError"}};var throwBindingError=message=>{throw new BindingError(message)};var Emval={toValue:handle=>{if(!handle){throwBindingError(`Cannot use deleted val. handle = ${handle}`)}return emval_handles[handle]},toHandle:value=>{switch(value){case undefined:return 2;case null:return 4;case true:return 6;case false:return 8;default:{const handle=emval_freelist.pop()||emval_handles.length;emval_handles[handle]=value;emval_handles[handle+1]=1;return handle}}}};class PureVirtualError extends Error{}var AsciiToString=ptr=>{var str="";while(1){var ch=HEAPU8[ptr++];if(!ch)return str;str+=String.fromCharCode(ch)}};var registeredInstances={};var getBasestPointer=(class_,ptr)=>{if(ptr===undefined){throwBindingError("ptr should not be undefined")}while(class_.baseClass){ptr=class_.upcast(ptr);class_=class_.baseClass}return ptr};var registerInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr,instance)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){throwBindingError(`Tried to register registered instance: ${ptr}`)}else{registeredInstances[ptr]=instance}};var registeredTypes={};var getTypeName=type=>{var ptr=___getTypeName(type);var rv=AsciiToString(ptr);_free(ptr);return rv};var requireRegisteredType=(rawType,humanName)=>{var impl=registeredTypes[rawType];if(undefined===impl){throwBindingError(`${humanName} has unknown type ${getTypeName(rawType)}`)}return impl};var unregisterInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);if(registeredInstances.hasOwnProperty(ptr)){delete registeredInstances[ptr]}else{throwBindingError(`Tried to unregister unregistered instance: ${ptr}`)}};var detachFinalizer=handle=>{};var finalizationRegistry=false;var runDestructor=$$=>{if($$.smartPtr){$$.smartPtrType.rawDestructor($$.smartPtr)}else{$$.ptrType.registeredClass.rawDestructor($$.ptr)}};var releaseClassHandle=$$=>{$$.count.value-=1;var toDelete=0===$$.count.value;if(toDelete){runDestructor($$)}};var attachFinalizer=handle=>{if(!globalThis.FinalizationRegistry){attachFinalizer=handle=>handle;return handle}finalizationRegistry=new FinalizationRegistry(info=>{releaseClassHandle(info.$$)});attachFinalizer=handle=>{var $$=handle.$$;var hasSmartPtr=!!$$.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtr){var info={$$};finalizationRegistry.register(handle,info,handle)}return handle};detachFinalizer=handle=>finalizationRegistry.unregister(handle);return attachFinalizer(handle)};var __embind_create_inheriting_constructor=(constructorName,wrapperType,properties)=>{constructorName=AsciiToString(constructorName);wrapperType=requireRegisteredType(wrapperType,"wrapper");properties=Emval.toValue(properties);var registeredClass=wrapperType.registeredClass;var wrapperPrototype=registeredClass.instancePrototype;var baseClass=registeredClass.baseClass;var baseClassPrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype;var baseConstructor=registeredClass.baseClass.constructor;var ctor=createNamedFunction(constructorName,function(...args){for(var name of registeredClass.baseClass.pureVirtualFunctions){if(this[name]===baseClassPrototype[name]){throw new PureVirtualError(`Pure virtual function ${name} must be implemented in JavaScript`)}}Object.defineProperty(this,"__parent",{value:wrapperPrototype});this["__construct"](...args)});wrapperPrototype["__construct"]=function __construct(...args){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __construct")}var inner=baseConstructor["implement"](this,...args);detachFinalizer(inner);var $$=inner.$$;inner["notifyOnDestruction"]();$$.preservePointerOnDelete=true;Object.defineProperties(this,{$$:{value:$$}});attachFinalizer(this);registerInheritedInstance(registeredClass,$$.ptr,this)};wrapperPrototype["__destruct"]=function __destruct(){if(this===wrapperPrototype){throwBindingError("Pass correct 'this' to __destruct")}detachFinalizer(this);unregisterInheritedInstance(registeredClass,this.$$.ptr)};ctor.prototype=Object.create(wrapperPrototype);Object.assign(ctor.prototype,properties);return Emval.toHandle(ctor)};var structRegistrations={};var runDestructors=destructors=>{while(destructors.length){var ptr=destructors.pop();var del=destructors.pop();del(ptr)}};function readPointer(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])}var awaitingDependencies={};var typeDependencies={};var InternalError=class InternalError extends Error{constructor(message){super(message);this.name="InternalError"}};var throwInternalError=message=>{throw new InternalError(message)};var whenDependentTypesAreResolved=(myTypes,dependentTypes,getTypeConverters)=>{myTypes.forEach(type=>typeDependencies[type]=dependentTypes);function onComplete(typeConverters){var myTypeConverters=getTypeConverters(typeConverters);if(myTypeConverters.length!==myTypes.length){throwInternalError("Mismatched type converter count")}for(var i=0;i<myTypes.length;++i){registerType(myTypes[i],myTypeConverters[i])}}var typeConverters=new Array(dependentTypes.length);var unregisteredTypes=[];var registered=0;for(let[i,dt]of dependentTypes.entries()){if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(dt)){typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt]}else{unregisteredTypes.push(dt);if(!awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(dt)){awaitingDependencies[dt]=[]}awaitingDependencies[dt].push(()=>{typeConverters[i]=registeredTypes[dt];++registered;if(registered===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}})}}if(0===unregisteredTypes.length){onComplete(typeConverters)}};var __embind_finalize_value_object=structType=>{var reg=structRegistrations[structType];delete structRegistrations[structType];var rawConstructor=reg.rawConstructor;var rawDestructor=reg.rawDestructor;var fieldRecords=reg.fields;var fieldTypes=fieldRecords.map(field=>field.getterReturnType).concat(fieldRecords.map(field=>field.setterArgumentType));whenDependentTypesAreResolved([structType],fieldTypes,fieldTypes=>{var fields={};for(var[i,field]of fieldRecords.entries()){const getterReturnType=fieldTypes[i];const getter=field.getter;const getterContext=field.getterContext;const setterArgumentType=fieldTypes[i+fieldRecords.length];const setter=field.setter;const setterContext=field.setterContext;fields[field.fieldName]={read:ptr=>getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr)),write:(ptr,o)=>{var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,o));runDestructors(destructors)},optional:getterReturnType.optional}}return[{name:reg.name,fromWireType:ptr=>{var rv={};for(var i in fields){rv[i]=fields[i].read(ptr)}rawDestructor(ptr);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,o)=>{for(var fieldName in fields){if(!(fieldName in o)&&!fields[fieldName].optional){throw new TypeError(`Missing field: "${fieldName}"`)}}var ptr=rawConstructor();for(fieldName in fields){fields[fieldName].write(ptr,o[fieldName])}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:rawDestructor}]})};function sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){var name=registeredInstance.name;if(!rawType){throwBindingError(`type "${name}" must have a positive integer typeid pointer`)}if(registeredTypes.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){if(options.ignoreDuplicateRegistrations){return}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot register type '${name}' twice`)}}registeredTypes[rawType]=registeredInstance;delete typeDependencies[rawType];if(awaitingDependencies.hasOwnProperty(rawType)){var callbacks=awaitingDependencies[rawType];delete awaitingDependencies[rawType];callbacks.forEach(cb=>cb())}}function registerType(rawType,registeredInstance,options={}){return sharedRegisterType(rawType,registeredInstance,options)}var integerReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?pointer=>HEAP8[pointer]:pointer=>HEAPU8[pointer];case 2:return signed?pointer=>HEAP16[pointer>>1]:pointer=>HEAPU16[pointer>>1];case 4:return signed?pointer=>HEAP32[pointer>>2]:pointer=>HEAPU32[pointer>>2];case 8:return signed?pointer=>HEAP64[pointer>>3]:pointer=>HEAPU64[pointer>>3];default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_bigint=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0n;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){const bitSize=size*8;fromWireType=value=>BigInt.asUintN(bitSize,value);maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(typeof value=="number"){value=BigInt(value)}return value},readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,!isUnsignedType),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_bool=(rawType,name,trueValue,falseValue)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:function(wt){return!!wt},toWireType:function(destructors,o){return o?trueValue:falseValue},readValueFromPointer:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])},destructorFunction:null})};var shallowCopyInternalPointer=o=>({count:o.count,deleteScheduled:o.deleteScheduled,preservePointerOnDelete:o.preservePointerOnDelete,ptr:o.ptr,ptrType:o.ptrType,smartPtr:o.smartPtr,smartPtrType:o.smartPtrType});var throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted=obj=>{function getInstanceTypeName(handle){return handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass.name}throwBindingError(getInstanceTypeName(obj)+" instance already deleted")};var deletionQueue=[];var flushPendingDeletes=()=>{while(deletionQueue.length){var obj=deletionQueue.pop();obj.$$.deleteScheduled=false;obj["delete"]()}};var delayFunction;var init_ClassHandle=()=>{let proto=ClassHandle.prototype;Object.assign(proto,{isAliasOf(other){if(!(this instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}if(!(other instanceof ClassHandle)){return false}var leftClass=this.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var left=this.$$.ptr;other.$$=other.$$;var rightClass=other.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var right=other.$$.ptr;while(leftClass.baseClass){left=leftClass.upcast(left);leftClass=leftClass.baseClass}while(rightClass.baseClass){right=rightClass.upcast(right);rightClass=rightClass.baseClass}return leftClass===rightClass&&left===right},clone(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.count.value+=1;return this}else{var clone=attachFinalizer(Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(this),{$$:{value:shallowCopyInternalPointer(this.$$)}}));clone.$$.count.value+=1;clone.$$.deleteScheduled=false;return clone}},delete(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}detachFinalizer(this);releaseClassHandle(this.$$);if(!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){this.$$.smartPtr=undefined;this.$$.ptr=undefined}},isDeleted(){return!this.$$.ptr},deleteLater(){if(!this.$$.ptr){throwInstanceAlreadyDeleted(this)}if(this.$$.deleteScheduled&&!this.$$.preservePointerOnDelete){throwBindingError("Object already scheduled for deletion")}deletionQueue.push(this);if(deletionQueue.length===1&&delayFunction){delayFunction(flushPendingDeletes)}this.$$.deleteScheduled=true;return this}});const symbolDispose=Symbol.dispose;if(symbolDispose){proto[symbolDispose]=proto["delete"]}};function ClassHandle(){}var registeredPointers={};var ensureOverloadTable=(proto,methodName,humanName)=>{if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){var prevFunc=proto[methodName];proto[methodName]=function(...args){if(!proto[methodName].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(args.length)){throwBindingError(`Function '${humanName}' called with an invalid number of arguments (${args.length}) - expects one of (${proto[methodName].overloadTable})!`)}return proto[methodName].overloadTable[args.length].apply(this,args)};proto[methodName].overloadTable=[];proto[methodName].overloadTable[prevFunc.argCount]=prevFunc}};var exposePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){if(undefined===numArguments||undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]){throwBindingError(`Cannot register public name '${name}' twice`)}ensureOverloadTable(Module,name,name);if(Module[name].overloadTable.hasOwnProperty(numArguments)){throwBindingError(`Cannot register multiple overloads of a function with the same number of arguments (${numArguments})!`)}Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var char_0=48;var char_9=57;var makeLegalFunctionName=name=>{name=name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g,"$");var f=name.charCodeAt(0);if(f>=char_0&&f<=char_9){return`_${name}`}return name};function RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast){this.name=name;this.constructor=constructor;this.instancePrototype=instancePrototype;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;this.baseClass=baseClass;this.getActualType=getActualType;this.upcast=upcast;this.downcast=downcast;this.pureVirtualFunctions=[]}var upcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{while(ptrClass!==desiredClass){if(!ptrClass.upcast){throwBindingError(`Expected null or instance of ${desiredClass.name}, got an instance of ${ptrClass.name}`)}ptr=ptrClass.upcast(ptr);ptrClass=ptrClass.baseClass}return ptr};var embindRepr=v=>{if(v===null){return"null"}var t=typeof v;if(t==="object"||t==="array"||t==="function"){return v.toString()}else{return""+v}};function constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}function genericPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){var ptr;if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}if(this.isSmartPointer){ptr=this.rawConstructor();if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}return ptr}else{return 0}}if(!handle||!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(!this.isConst&&handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);if(this.isSmartPointer){if(undefined===handle.$$.smartPtr){throwBindingError("Passing raw pointer to smart pointer is illegal")}switch(this.sharingPolicy){case 0:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.smartPtrType?handle.$$.smartPtrType.name:handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}break;case 1:ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr;break;case 2:if(handle.$$.smartPtrType===this){ptr=handle.$$.smartPtr}else{var clonedHandle=handle["clone"]();ptr=this.rawShare(ptr,Emval.toHandle(()=>clonedHandle["delete"]()));if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(this.rawDestructor,ptr)}}break;default:throwBindingError("Unsupported sharing policy")}}return ptr}function nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType(destructors,handle){if(handle===null){if(this.isReference){throwBindingError(`null is not a valid ${this.name}`)}return 0}if(!handle.$$){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass "${embindRepr(handle)}" as a ${this.name}`)}if(!handle.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass deleted object as a pointer of type ${this.name}`)}if(handle.$$.ptrType.isConst){throwBindingError(`Cannot convert argument of type ${handle.$$.ptrType.name} to parameter type ${this.name}`)}var handleClass=handle.$$.ptrType.registeredClass;var ptr=upcastPointer(handle.$$.ptr,handleClass,this.registeredClass);return ptr}var downcastPointer=(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass)=>{if(ptrClass===desiredClass){return ptr}if(undefined===desiredClass.baseClass){return null}var rv=downcastPointer(ptr,ptrClass,desiredClass.baseClass);if(rv===null){return null}return desiredClass.downcast(rv)};var getInheritedInstance=(class_,ptr)=>{ptr=getBasestPointer(class_,ptr);return registeredInstances[ptr]};var makeClassHandle=(prototype,record)=>{if(!record.ptrType||!record.ptr){throwInternalError("makeClassHandle requires ptr and ptrType")}var hasSmartPtrType=!!record.smartPtrType;var hasSmartPtr=!!record.smartPtr;if(hasSmartPtrType!==hasSmartPtr){throwInternalError("Both smartPtrType and smartPtr must be specified")}record.count={value:1};return attachFinalizer(Object.create(prototype,{$$:{value:record,writable:true}}))};function RegisteredPointer_fromWireType(ptr){var rawPointer=this.getPointee(ptr);if(!rawPointer){this.destructor(ptr);return null}var registeredInstance=getInheritedInstance(this.registeredClass,rawPointer);if(undefined!==registeredInstance){if(0===registeredInstance.$$.count.value){registeredInstance.$$.ptr=rawPointer;registeredInstance.$$.smartPtr=ptr;return registeredInstance["clone"]()}else{var rv=registeredInstance["clone"]();this.destructor(ptr);return rv}}function makeDefaultHandle(){if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this.pointeeType,ptr:rawPointer,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(this.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:this,ptr})}}var actualType=this.registeredClass.getActualType(rawPointer);var registeredPointerRecord=registeredPointers[actualType];if(!registeredPointerRecord){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}var toType;if(this.isConst){toType=registeredPointerRecord.constPointerType}else{toType=registeredPointerRecord.pointerType}var dp=downcastPointer(rawPointer,this.registeredClass,toType.registeredClass);if(dp===null){return makeDefaultHandle.call(this)}if(this.isSmartPointer){return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp,smartPtrType:this,smartPtr:ptr})}else{return makeClassHandle(toType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,{ptrType:toType,ptr:dp})}}var init_RegisteredPointer=()=>{Object.assign(RegisteredPointer.prototype,{getPointee(ptr){if(this.rawGetPointee){ptr=this.rawGetPointee(ptr)}return ptr},destructor(ptr){this.rawDestructor?.(ptr)},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,fromWireType:RegisteredPointer_fromWireType})};function RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,isReference,isConst,isSmartPointer,pointeeType,sharingPolicy,rawGetPointee,rawConstructor,rawShare,rawDestructor){this.name=name;this.registeredClass=registeredClass;this.isReference=isReference;this.isConst=isConst;this.isSmartPointer=isSmartPointer;this.pointeeType=pointeeType;this.sharingPolicy=sharingPolicy;this.rawGetPointee=rawGetPointee;this.rawConstructor=rawConstructor;this.rawShare=rawShare;this.rawDestructor=rawDestructor;if(!isSmartPointer&&registeredClass.baseClass===undefined){if(isConst){this.toWireType=constNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}else{this.toWireType=nonConstNoSmartPtrRawPointerToWireType;this.destructorFunction=null}}else{this.toWireType=genericPointerToWireType}}var replacePublicSymbol=(name,value,numArguments)=>{if(!Module.hasOwnProperty(name)){throwInternalError("Replacing nonexistent public symbol")}if(undefined!==Module[name].overloadTable&&undefined!==numArguments){Module[name].overloadTable[numArguments]=value}else{Module[name]=value;Module[name].argCount=numArguments}};var wasmTableMirror=[];var getWasmTableEntry=funcPtr=>{var func=wasmTableMirror[funcPtr];if(!func){wasmTableMirror[funcPtr]=func=wasmTable.get(funcPtr)}return func};var embind__requireFunction=(signature,rawFunction,isAsync=false)=>{signature=AsciiToString(signature);function makeDynCaller(){var rtn=getWasmTableEntry(rawFunction);return rtn}var fp=makeDynCaller();if(typeof fp!="function"){throwBindingError(`unknown function pointer with signature ${signature}: ${rawFunction}`)}return fp};class UnboundTypeError extends Error{}var throwUnboundTypeError=(message,types)=>{var unboundTypes=[];var seen={};function visit(type){if(seen[type]){return}if(registeredTypes[type]){return}if(typeDependencies[type]){typeDependencies[type].forEach(visit);return}unboundTypes.push(type);seen[type]=true}types.forEach(visit);throw new UnboundTypeError(`${message}: `+unboundTypes.map(getTypeName).join([", "]))};var __embind_register_class=(rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType,baseClassRawType,getActualTypeSignature,getActualType,upcastSignature,upcast,downcastSignature,downcast,name,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);getActualType=embind__requireFunction(getActualTypeSignature,getActualType);upcast&&=embind__requireFunction(upcastSignature,upcast);downcast&&=embind__requireFunction(downcastSignature,downcast);rawDestructor=embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor);var legalFunctionName=makeLegalFunctionName(name);exposePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${name} due to unbound types`,[baseClassRawType])});whenDependentTypesAreResolved([rawType,rawPointerType,rawConstPointerType],baseClassRawType?[baseClassRawType]:[],base=>{base=base[0];var baseClass;var basePrototype;if(baseClassRawType){baseClass=base.registeredClass;basePrototype=baseClass.instancePrototype}else{basePrototype=ClassHandle.prototype}var constructor=createNamedFunction(name,function(...args){if(Object.getPrototypeOf(this)!==instancePrototype){throw new BindingError(`Use 'new' to construct ${name}`)}if(undefined===registeredClass.constructor_body){throw new BindingError(`${name} has no accessible constructor`)}var body=registeredClass.constructor_body[args.length];if(undefined===body){throw new BindingError(`Tried to invoke ctor of ${name} with invalid number of parameters (${args.length}) - expected (${Object.keys(registeredClass.constructor_body).toString()}) parameters instead!`)}return body.apply(this,args)});var instancePrototype=Object.create(basePrototype,{constructor:{value:constructor}});constructor.prototype=instancePrototype;var registeredClass=new RegisteredClass(name,constructor,instancePrototype,rawDestructor,baseClass,getActualType,upcast,downcast);if(registeredClass.baseClass){registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses??=[];registeredClass.baseClass.__derivedClasses.push(registeredClass)}var referenceConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name,registeredClass,true,false,false);var pointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+"*",registeredClass,false,false,false);var constPointerConverter=new RegisteredPointer(name+" const*",registeredClass,false,true,false);registeredPointers[rawType]={pointerType:pointerConverter,constPointerType:constPointerConverter};replacePublicSymbol(legalFunctionName,constructor);return[referenceConverter,pointerConverter,constPointerConverter]})};function usesDestructorStack(argTypes){for(var i=1;i<argTypes.length;++i){if(argTypes[i]!==null&&argTypes[i].destructorFunction===undefined){return true}}return false}function craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,cppInvokerFunc,cppTargetFunc,isAsync){var argCount=argTypes.length;if(argCount<2){throwBindingError("argTypes array size mismatch! Must at least get return value and 'this' types!")}var isClassMethodFunc=argTypes[1]!==null&&classType!==null;var needsDestructorStack=usesDestructorStack(argTypes);var returns=!argTypes[0].isVoid;var expectedArgCount=argCount-2;var argsWired=new Array(expectedArgCount);var invokerFuncArgs=[];var destructors=[];var invokerFn=function(...args){destructors.length=0;var thisWired;invokerFuncArgs.length=isClassMethodFunc?2:1;invokerFuncArgs[0]=cppTargetFunc;if(isClassMethodFunc){thisWired=argTypes[1].toWireType(destructors,this);invokerFuncArgs[1]=thisWired}for(var i=0;i<expectedArgCount;++i){argsWired[i]=argTypes[i+2].toWireType(destructors,args[i]);invokerFuncArgs.push(argsWired[i])}var rv=cppInvokerFunc(...invokerFuncArgs);function onDone(rv){if(needsDestructorStack){runDestructors(destructors)}else{for(var i=isClassMethodFunc?1:2;i<argTypes.length;i++){var param=i===1?thisWired:argsWired[i-2];if(argTypes[i].destructorFunction!==null){argTypes[i].destructorFunction(param)}}}if(returns){return argTypes[0].fromWireType(rv)}}return onDone(rv)};return createNamedFunction(humanName,invokerFn)}var heap32VectorToArray=(count,firstElement)=>{var array=[];for(var i=0;i<count;i++){array.push(HEAPU32[firstElement+i*4>>2])}return array};var getFunctionName=signature=>{signature=signature.trim();const argsIndex=signature.indexOf("(");if(argsIndex===-1)return signature;return signature.slice(0,argsIndex)};var __embind_register_class_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}var proto=classType.registeredClass.constructor;if(undefined===proto[methodName]){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));var func=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){func.argCount=argCount-1;proto[methodName]=func}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-1]=func}if(classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){for(const derivedClass of classType.registeredClass.__derivedClasses){if(!derivedClass.constructor.hasOwnProperty(methodName)){derivedClass.constructor[methodName]=func}}}return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_constructor=(rawClassType,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,invoker,rawConstructor)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);invoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,invoker);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`constructor ${classType.name}`;if(undefined===classType.registeredClass.constructor_body){classType.registeredClass.constructor_body=[]}if(undefined!==classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]){throw new BindingError(`Cannot register multiple constructors with identical number of parameters (${argCount-1}) for class '${classType.name}'! Overload resolution is currently only performed using the parameter count, not actual type info!`)}classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=()=>{throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot construct ${classType.name} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)};whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{argTypes.splice(1,0,null);classType.registeredClass.constructor_body[argCount-1]=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,null,invoker,rawConstructor);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_class_function=(rawClassType,methodName,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,invokerSignature,rawInvoker,context,isPureVirtual,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var rawArgTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);methodName=AsciiToString(methodName);methodName=getFunctionName(methodName);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(invokerSignature,rawInvoker,isAsync);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${methodName}`;if(methodName.startsWith("@@")){methodName=Symbol[methodName.substring(2)]}if(isPureVirtual){classType.registeredClass.pureVirtualFunctions.push(methodName)}function unboundTypesHandler(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${humanName} due to unbound types`,rawArgTypes)}var proto=classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype;var method=proto[methodName];if(undefined===method||undefined===method.overloadTable&&method.className!==classType.name&&method.argCount===argCount-2){unboundTypesHandler.argCount=argCount-2;unboundTypesHandler.className=classType.name;proto[methodName]=unboundTypesHandler}else{ensureOverloadTable(proto,methodName,humanName);proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=unboundTypesHandler}whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],rawArgTypes,argTypes=>{var memberFunction=craftInvokerFunction(humanName,argTypes,classType,rawInvoker,context,isAsync);if(undefined===proto[methodName].overloadTable){memberFunction.argCount=argCount-2;proto[methodName]=memberFunction}else{proto[methodName].overloadTable[argCount-2]=memberFunction}return[]});return[]})};var validateThis=(this_,classType,humanName)=>{if(!(this_ instanceof Object)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} with invalid "this": ${this_}`)}if(!(this_ instanceof classType.registeredClass.constructor)){throwBindingError(`${humanName} incompatible with "this" of type ${this_.constructor.name}`)}if(!this_.$$.ptr){throwBindingError(`cannot call emscripten binding method ${humanName} on deleted object`)}return upcastPointer(this_.$$.ptr,this_.$$.ptrType.registeredClass,classType.registeredClass)};var __embind_register_class_property=(classType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{fieldName=AsciiToString(fieldName);getter=embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[classType],classType=>{classType=classType[0];var humanName=`${classType.name}.${fieldName}`;var desc={get(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])},enumerable:true,configurable:true};if(setter){desc.set=()=>throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot access ${humanName} due to unbound types`,[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType])}else{desc.set=v=>throwBindingError(humanName+" is a read-only property")}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],setter?[getterReturnType,setterArgumentType]:[getterReturnType],types=>{var getterReturnType=types[0];var desc={get(){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" getter");return getterReturnType.fromWireType(getter(getterContext,ptr))},enumerable:true};if(setter){setter=embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter);var setterArgumentType=types[1];desc.set=function(v){var ptr=validateThis(this,classType,humanName+" setter");var destructors=[];setter(setterContext,ptr,setterArgumentType.toWireType(destructors,v));runDestructors(destructors)}}Object.defineProperty(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,fieldName,desc);return[]});return[]})};var __embind_register_constant=(name,type,value)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[type],type=>{type=type[0];Module[name]=type.fromWireType(value);return[]})};var __emval_decref=handle=>{if(handle>9&&0===--emval_handles[handle+1]){emval_handles[handle]=undefined;emval_freelist.push(handle)}};var EmValType={name:"emscripten::val",fromWireType:handle=>{var rv=Emval.toValue(handle);__emval_decref(handle);return rv},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>Emval.toHandle(value),readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction:null};var __embind_register_emval=rawType=>registerType(rawType,EmValType);var enumReadValueFromPointer=(name,width,signed)=>{switch(width){case 1:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP8[pointer])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU8[pointer])};case 2:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP16[pointer>>1])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU16[pointer>>1])};case 4:return signed?function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAP32[pointer>>2])}:function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPU32[pointer>>2])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid integer width (${width}): ${name}`)}};function getEnumValueType(rawValueType){return rawValueType===0?"object":rawValueType===1?"number":"string"}var __embind_register_enum=(rawType,name,size,isSigned,rawValueType)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const valueType=getEnumValueType(rawValueType);switch(valueType){case"object":{function ctor(){}ctor.values={};registerType(rawType,{name,constructor:ctor,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.constructor.values[c]},toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c.value,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,ctor);break}case"number":{var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:c=>c,toWireType:(destructors,c)=>c,readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}case"string":{var valuesMap={};var reverseMap={};var keysMap={};registerType(rawType,{name,valuesMap,reverseMap,keysMap,valueType,fromWireType:function(c){return this.reverseMap[c]},toWireType:function(destructors,c){return this.valuesMap[c]},readValueFromPointer:enumReadValueFromPointer(name,size,isSigned),destructorFunction:null});exposePublicSymbol(name,keysMap);delete Module[name].argCount;break}}};var __embind_register_enum_value=(rawEnumType,name,enumValue)=>{var enumType=requireRegisteredType(rawEnumType,"enum");name=AsciiToString(name);switch(enumType.valueType){case"object":{var Enum=enumType.constructor;var Value=Object.create(enumType.constructor.prototype,{value:{value:enumValue},constructor:{value:createNamedFunction(`${enumType.name}_${name}`,function(){})}});Enum.values[enumValue]=Value;Enum[name]=Value;break}case"number":{enumType.keysMap[name]=enumValue;break}case"string":{enumType.valuesMap[name]=enumValue;enumType.reverseMap[enumValue]=name;enumType.keysMap[name]=name;break}}};var floatReadValueFromPointer=(name,width)=>{switch(width){case 4:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF32[pointer>>2])};case 8:return function(pointer){return this.fromWireType(HEAPF64[pointer>>3])};default:throw new TypeError(`invalid float width (${width}): ${name}`)}};var __embind_register_float=(rawType,name,size)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>value,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:floatReadValueFromPointer(name,size),destructorFunction:null})};var __embind_register_function=(name,argCount,rawArgTypesAddr,signature,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync,isNonnullReturn)=>{var argTypes=heap32VectorToArray(argCount,rawArgTypesAddr);name=AsciiToString(name);name=getFunctionName(name);rawInvoker=embind__requireFunction(signature,rawInvoker,isAsync);exposePublicSymbol(name,function(){throwUnboundTypeError(`Cannot call ${name} due to unbound types`,argTypes)},argCount-1);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],argTypes,argTypes=>{var invokerArgsArray=[argTypes[0],null].concat(argTypes.slice(1));replacePublicSymbol(name,craftInvokerFunction(name,invokerArgsArray,null,rawInvoker,fn,isAsync),argCount-1);return[]})};var __embind_register_integer=(primitiveType,name,size,minRange,maxRange)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);const isUnsignedType=minRange===0;let fromWireType=value=>value;if(isUnsignedType){var bitshift=32-8*size;fromWireType=value=>value<<bitshift>>>bitshift;maxRange=fromWireType(maxRange)}registerType(primitiveType,{name,fromWireType,toWireType:(destructors,value)=>value,readValueFromPointer:integerReadValueFromPointer(name,size,minRange!==0),destructorFunction:null})};var installIndexedIterator=(proto,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{const makeIterator=(size,getValue)=>{let index=0;return{next(){if(index>=size){return{done:true}}const current=index;index++;const value=getValue(current);return{value,done:false}},[Symbol.iterator](){return this}}};if(!proto[Symbol.iterator]){proto[Symbol.iterator]=function(){const size=this[sizeMethodName]();return makeIterator(size,i=>this[getMethodName](i))}}};var __embind_register_iterable=(rawClassType,rawElementType,sizeMethodName,getMethodName)=>{sizeMethodName=AsciiToString(sizeMethodName);getMethodName=AsciiToString(getMethodName);whenDependentTypesAreResolved([],[rawClassType,rawElementType],types=>{const classType=types[0];installIndexedIterator(classType.registeredClass.instancePrototype,sizeMethodName,getMethodName);return[]})};var __embind_register_memory_view=(rawType,dataTypeIndex,name)=>{var typeMapping=[Int8Array,Uint8Array,Int16Array,Uint16Array,Int32Array,Uint32Array,Float32Array,Float64Array,BigInt64Array,BigUint64Array];var TA=typeMapping[dataTypeIndex];function decodeMemoryView(handle){var size=HEAPU32[handle>>2];var data=HEAPU32[handle+4>>2];return new 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outIdx-startIdx};var stringToUTF8=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>stringToUTF8Array(str,HEAPU8,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite);var lengthBytesUTF8=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var c=str.charCodeAt(i);if(c<=127){len++}else if(c<=2047){len+=2}else if(c>=55296&&c<=57343){len+=4;++i}else{len+=3}}return len};var UTF8Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder&&new TextDecoder;var findStringEnd=(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var maxIdx=idx+maxBytesToRead;if(ignoreNul)return maxIdx;while(heapOrArray[idx]&&!(idx>=maxIdx))++idx;return idx};var UTF8ArrayToString=(heapOrArray,idx=0,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var endPtr=findStringEnd(heapOrArray,idx,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul);if(endPtr-idx>16&&heapOrArray.buffer&&UTF8Decoder){return UTF8Decoder.decode(heapOrArray.subarray(idx,endPtr))}var str="";while(idx<endPtr){var u0=heapOrArray[idx++];if(!(u0&128)){str+=String.fromCharCode(u0);continue}var u1=heapOrArray[idx++]&63;if((u0&224)==192){str+=String.fromCharCode((u0&31)<<6|u1);continue}var 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non-string to std::string")}if(stdStringIsUTF8&&valueIsOfTypeString){length=lengthBytesUTF8(value)}else{length=value.length}var base=_malloc(4+length+1);var ptr=base+4;HEAPU32[base>>2]=length;if(valueIsOfTypeString){if(stdStringIsUTF8){stringToUTF8(value,ptr,length+1)}else{for(var i=0;i<length;++i){var charCode=value.charCodeAt(i);if(charCode>255){_free(base);throwBindingError("String has UTF-16 code units that do not fit in 8 bits")}HEAPU8[ptr+i]=charCode}}}else{HEAPU8.set(value,ptr)}if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,base)}return base},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var UTF16Decoder=globalThis.TextDecoder?new TextDecoder("utf-16le"):undefined;var UTF16ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var idx=ptr>>1;var endIdx=findStringEnd(HEAPU16,idx,maxBytesToRead/2,ignoreNul);if(endIdx-idx>16&&UTF16Decoder)return UTF16Decoder.decode(HEAPU16.subarray(idx,endIdx));var str="";for(var i=idx;i<endIdx;++i){var codeUnit=HEAPU16[i];str+=String.fromCharCode(codeUnit)}return str};var stringToUTF16=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<2)return 0;maxBytesToWrite-=2;var startPtr=outPtr;var numCharsToWrite=maxBytesToWrite<str.length*2?maxBytesToWrite/2:str.length;for(var i=0;i<numCharsToWrite;++i){var codeUnit=str.charCodeAt(i);HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=codeUnit;outPtr+=2}HEAP16[outPtr>>1]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF16=str=>str.length*2;var UTF32ToString=(ptr,maxBytesToRead,ignoreNul)=>{var str="";var startIdx=ptr>>2;for(var i=0;!(i>=maxBytesToRead/4);i++){var utf32=HEAPU32[startIdx+i];if(!utf32&&!ignoreNul)break;str+=String.fromCodePoint(utf32)}return str};var stringToUTF32=(str,outPtr,maxBytesToWrite)=>{maxBytesToWrite??=2147483647;if(maxBytesToWrite<4)return 0;var startPtr=outPtr;var endPtr=startPtr+maxBytesToWrite-4;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=codePoint;outPtr+=4;if(outPtr+4>endPtr)break}HEAP32[outPtr>>2]=0;return outPtr-startPtr};var lengthBytesUTF32=str=>{var len=0;for(var i=0;i<str.length;++i){var codePoint=str.codePointAt(i);if(codePoint>65535){i++}len+=4}return len};var __embind_register_std_wstring=(rawType,charSize,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);var decodeString,encodeString,lengthBytesUTF;if(charSize===2){decodeString=UTF16ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF16;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF16}else{decodeString=UTF32ToString;encodeString=stringToUTF32;lengthBytesUTF=lengthBytesUTF32}registerType(rawType,{name,fromWireType:value=>{var length=HEAPU32[value>>2];var str=decodeString(value+4,length*charSize,true);_free(value);return str},toWireType:(destructors,value)=>{if(!(typeof value=="string")){throwBindingError(`Cannot pass non-string to C++ string type ${name}`)}var length=lengthBytesUTF(value);var ptr=_malloc(4+length+charSize);HEAPU32[ptr>>2]=length/charSize;encodeString(value,ptr+4,length+charSize);if(destructors!==null){destructors.push(_free,ptr)}return ptr},readValueFromPointer:readPointer,destructorFunction(ptr){_free(ptr)}})};var __embind_register_value_object=(rawType,name,constructorSignature,rawConstructor,destructorSignature,rawDestructor)=>{structRegistrations[rawType]={name:AsciiToString(name),rawConstructor:embind__requireFunction(constructorSignature,rawConstructor),rawDestructor:embind__requireFunction(destructorSignature,rawDestructor),fields:[]}};var __embind_register_value_object_field=(structType,fieldName,getterReturnType,getterSignature,getter,getterContext,setterArgumentType,setterSignature,setter,setterContext)=>{structRegistrations[structType].fields.push({fieldName:AsciiToString(fieldName),getterReturnType,getter:embind__requireFunction(getterSignature,getter),getterContext,setterArgumentType,setter:embind__requireFunction(setterSignature,setter),setterContext})};var __embind_register_void=(rawType,name)=>{name=AsciiToString(name);registerType(rawType,{isVoid:true,name,fromWireType:()=>undefined,toWireType:(destructors,o)=>undefined})};var runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0;var __emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear=()=>{noExitRuntime=false;runtimeKeepaliveCounter=0};var emval_methodCallers=[];var emval_addMethodCaller=caller=>{var id=emval_methodCallers.length;emval_methodCallers.push(caller);return id};var emval_lookupTypes=(argCount,argTypes)=>{var a=new Array(argCount);for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){a[i]=requireRegisteredType(HEAPU32[argTypes+i*4>>2],`parameter ${i}`)}return a};var emval_returnValue=(toReturnWire,destructorsRef,handle)=>{var destructors=[];var result=toReturnWire(destructors,handle);if(destructors.length){HEAPU32[destructorsRef>>2]=Emval.toHandle(destructors)}return result};var emval_symbols={};var getStringOrSymbol=address=>{var symbol=emval_symbols[address];if(symbol===undefined){return AsciiToString(address)}return symbol};var __emval_create_invoker=(argCount,argTypesPtr,kind)=>{var GenericWireTypeSize=8;var[retType,...argTypes]=emval_lookupTypes(argCount,argTypesPtr);var toReturnWire=retType.toWireType.bind(retType);var argFromPtr=argTypes.map(type=>type.readValueFromPointer.bind(type));argCount--;var argN=new Array(argCount);var invokerFunction=(handle,methodName,destructorsRef,args)=>{var offset=0;for(var i=0;i<argCount;++i){argN[i]=argFromPtr[i](args+offset);offset+=GenericWireTypeSize}var rv;switch(kind){case 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instanceof ExitStatus||e=="unwind"){return EXITSTATUS}quit_(1,e)};var keepRuntimeAlive=()=>noExitRuntime||runtimeKeepaliveCounter>0;var _proc_exit=code=>{EXITSTATUS=code;if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){Module["onExit"]?.(code);ABORT=true}quit_(code,new ExitStatus(code))};var exitJS=(status,implicit)=>{EXITSTATUS=status;_proc_exit(status)};var _exit=exitJS;var maybeExit=()=>{if(!keepRuntimeAlive()){try{_exit(EXITSTATUS)}catch(e){handleException(e)}}};var callUserCallback=func=>{if(ABORT){return}try{return func()}catch(e){handleException(e)}finally{maybeExit()}};var _emscripten_get_now=()=>performance.now();var __setitimer_js=(which,timeout_ms)=>{if(timers[which]){clearTimeout(timers[which].id);delete timers[which]}if(!timeout_ms)return 0;var id=setTimeout(()=>{delete timers[which];callUserCallback(()=>__emscripten_timeout(which,_emscripten_get_now()))},timeout_ms);timers[which]={id,timeout_ms};return 0};var _emscripten_date_now=()=>Date.now();var getHeapMax=()=>2147483648;var alignMemory=(size,alignment)=>Math.ceil(size/alignment)*alignment;var growMemory=size=>{var oldHeapSize=wasmMemory.buffer.byteLength;var pages=(size-oldHeapSize+65535)/65536|0;try{wasmMemory.grow(pages);updateMemoryViews();return 1}catch(e){}};var _emscripten_resize_heap=requestedSize=>{var oldSize=HEAPU8.length;requestedSize>>>=0;var maxHeapSize=getHeapMax();if(requestedSize>maxHeapSize){return false}for(var cutDown=1;cutDown<=4;cutDown*=2){var overGrownHeapSize=oldSize*(1+.2/cutDown);overGrownHeapSize=Math.min(overGrownHeapSize,requestedSize+100663296);var newSize=Math.min(maxHeapSize,alignMemory(Math.max(requestedSize,overGrownHeapSize),65536));var replacement=growMemory(newSize);if(replacement){return true}}return false};var printCharBuffers=[null,[],[]];var printChar=(stream,curr)=>{var buffer=printCharBuffers[stream];if(curr===0||curr===10){(stream===1?out:err)(UTF8ArrayToString(buffer));buffer.length=0}else{buffer.push(curr)}};var _fd_write=(fd,iov,iovcnt,pnum)=>{var num=0;for(var i=0;i<iovcnt;i++){var ptr=HEAPU32[iov>>2];var len=HEAPU32[iov+4>>2];iov+=8;for(var j=0;j<len;j++){printChar(fd,HEAPU8[ptr+j])}num+=len}HEAPU32[pnum>>2]=num;return 0};init_ClassHandle();init_RegisteredPointer();{if(Module["noExitRuntime"])noExitRuntime=Module["noExitRuntime"];if(Module["print"])out=Module["print"];if(Module["printErr"])err=Module["printErr"];if(Module["wasmBinary"])wasmBinary=Module["wasmBinary"];if(Module["arguments"])arguments_=Module["arguments"];if(Module["thisProgram"])thisProgram=Module["thisProgram"];if(Module["preInit"]){if(typeof Module["preInit"]=="function")Module["preInit"]=[Module["preInit"]];while(Module["preInit"].length>0){Module["preInit"].shift()()}}}var ___getTypeName,_free,_malloc,__emscripten_timeout,memory,__indirect_function_table,wasmMemory,wasmTable;function assignWasmExports(wasmExports){___getTypeName=wasmExports["Q"];_free=Module["_free"]=wasmExports["R"];_malloc=Module["_malloc"]=wasmExports["S"];__emscripten_timeout=wasmExports["U"];memory=wasmMemory=wasmExports["O"];__indirect_function_table=wasmTable=wasmExports["T"]}var wasmImports={J:__abort_js,x:__embind_create_inheriting_constructor,s:__embind_finalize_value_object,z:__embind_register_bigint,A:__embind_register_bool,b:__embind_register_class,p:__embind_register_class_class_function,e:__embind_register_class_constructor,a:__embind_register_class_function,d:__embind_register_class_property,K:__embind_register_constant,M:__embind_register_emval,l:__embind_register_enum,f:__embind_register_enum_value,y:__embind_register_float,g:__embind_register_function,o:__embind_register_integer,q:__embind_register_iterable,h:__embind_register_memory_view,r:__embind_register_optional,N:__embind_register_std_string,u:__embind_register_std_wstring,t:__embind_register_value_object,m:__embind_register_value_object_field,B:__embind_register_void,D:__emscripten_runtime_keepalive_clear,k:__emval_create_invoker,n:__emval_decref,j:__emval_invoke,v:__emval_new_cstring,L:__emval_new_object,i:__emval_run_destructors,w:__emval_set_property,E:__setitimer_js,I:_emscripten_date_now,c:_emscripten_get_now,F:_emscripten_resize_heap,G:_exit,H:_fd_write,C:_proc_exit};function run(){preRun();function doRun(){Module["calledRun"]=true;if(ABORT)return;initRuntime();readyPromiseResolve?.(Module);Module["onRuntimeInitialized"]?.();postRun()}if(Module["setStatus"]){Module["setStatus"]("Running...");setTimeout(()=>{setTimeout(()=>Module["setStatus"](""),1);doRun()},1)}else{doRun()}}var wasmExports;wasmExports=await (createWasm());run();if(runtimeInitialized){moduleRtn=Module}else{moduleRtn=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{readyPromiseResolve=resolve;readyPromiseReject=reject})}
 ;return moduleRtn}})();if(typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module==="object"){module.exports=PHYSX;module.exports.default=PHYSX}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define["amd"])define([],()=>PHYSX);
diff --git a/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.simd.wasm b/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.simd.wasm
index 91e5bab34b..f52b48110a 100755
Binary files a/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.simd.wasm and b/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.simd.wasm differ
diff --git a/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.wasm b/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.wasm
index d9e03eee6a..3efb26a288 100755
Binary files a/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.wasm and b/packages/physics-physx/libs/physx.release.wasm differ
diff --git a/packages/physics-physx/package.json b/packages/physics-physx/package.json
index 3cdabdd9a9..d97107856f 100644
--- a/packages/physics-physx/package.json
+++ b/packages/physics-physx/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-physics-physx",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXDynamicCollider.ts b/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXDynamicCollider.ts
index 31510ae2de..05614dd5bf 100644
--- a/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXDynamicCollider.ts
+++ b/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXDynamicCollider.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,20 @@ export class PhysXDynamicCollider extends PhysXCollider implements IDynamicColli
   private static _tempTranslation = new Vector3();
   private static _tempRotation = new Quaternion();
 
+  /**
+   * Whether actor is currently kinematic.
+   * PhysX 拒绝在 kinematic actor 上启用 CCD（会打印警告并忽略），
+   * 所以 setCollisionDetectionMode 在 kinematic 状态下只缓存目标值，
+   * 等切回 dynamic 时再真正写到 PhysX。
+   */
+  private _isKinematic: boolean = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Cached collision detection mode. Always reflects user's intent.
+   * 实际 PhysX CCD flag 可能跟这个不一致（kinematic 时强制 Discrete）。
+   */
+  private _collisionDetectionMode: number = CollisionDetectionMode.Discrete;
+
   constructor(physXPhysics: PhysXPhysics, position: Vector3, rotation: Quaternion) {
     super(physXPhysics);
     const transform = this._transform(position, rotation);
@@ -158,10 +172,52 @@ export class PhysXDynamicCollider extends PhysXCollider implements IDynamicColli
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IDynamicCollider.setCollisionDetectionMode }
+   *
+   * PhysX 在 kinematic actor 上调用 setRigidBodyFlag(eENABLE_CCD, true) 会触发警告:
+   *   "kinematic bodies with CCD enabled are not supported! CCD will be ignored"
+   * 虽然 PhysX 会忽略这次调用而非真的拒绝（切回 dynamic 时 flag 不会自动恢复），
+   * 但每次 setIsKinematic 切换都会让这个 warning 重复打印，污染日志，
+   * 同时让 actor 在 dynamic 状态下 CCD flag 状态不确定。
+   *
+   * 解决: 只在 dynamic 状态时立即 apply CCD flags。kinematic 时仅缓存到
+   * `_collisionDetectionMode`，等切回 dynamic 时由 setIsKinematic 重新 apply。
    */
   setCollisionDetectionMode(value: number): void {
+    this._collisionDetectionMode = value;
+    if (!this._isKinematic) {
+      this._applyCollisionDetectionFlags(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc IDynamicCollider.setUseGravity }
+   */
+  setUseGravity(value: boolean): void {
+    this._pxActor.setActorFlag(this._physXPhysics._physX.PxActorFlag.eDISABLE_GRAVITY, !value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc IDynamicCollider.setIsKinematic }
+   *
+   * 切换 kinematic 状态时同步处理 CCD flag：
+   *   - 切到 kinematic 前先关 CCD（避免 PhysX 警告 + 让状态显式）
+   *   - 切回 dynamic 后恢复用户期望的 CCD mode（来自 `_collisionDetectionMode` 缓存）
+   */
+  setIsKinematic(value: boolean): void {
+    if (this._isKinematic === value) return;
     const physX = this._physXPhysics._physX;
+    if (value) {
+      this._applyCollisionDetectionFlags(CollisionDetectionMode.Discrete);
+      this._pxActor.setRigidBodyFlag(physX.PxRigidBodyFlag.eKINEMATIC, true);
+    } else {
+      this._pxActor.setRigidBodyFlag(physX.PxRigidBodyFlag.eKINEMATIC, false);
+      this._applyCollisionDetectionFlags(this._collisionDetectionMode);
+    }
+    this._isKinematic = value;
+  }
 
+  private _applyCollisionDetectionFlags(value: number): void {
+    const physX = this._physXPhysics._physX;
     switch (value) {
       case CollisionDetectionMode.Continuous:
         this._pxActor.setRigidBodyFlag(physX.PxRigidBodyFlag.eENABLE_CCD, true);
@@ -186,24 +242,6 @@ export class PhysXDynamicCollider extends PhysXCollider implements IDynamicColli
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * {@inheritDoc IDynamicCollider.setUseGravity }
-   */
-  setUseGravity(value: boolean): void {
-    this._pxActor.setActorFlag(this._physXPhysics._physX.PxActorFlag.eDISABLE_GRAVITY, !value);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * {@inheritDoc IDynamicCollider.setIsKinematic }
-   */
-  setIsKinematic(value: boolean): void {
-    if (value) {
-      this._pxActor.setRigidBodyFlag(this._physXPhysics._physX.PxRigidBodyFlag.eKINEMATIC, true);
-    } else {
-      this._pxActor.setRigidBodyFlag(this._physXPhysics._physX.PxRigidBodyFlag.eKINEMATIC, false);
-    }
-  }
-
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IDynamicCollider.setConstraints }
    */
@@ -213,34 +251,52 @@ export class PhysXDynamicCollider extends PhysXCollider implements IDynamicColli
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IDynamicCollider.addForce }
+   *
+   * PhysX 在 kinematic actor 上调 addForce 是 no-op（doc: "kinematic bodies don't
+   * respond to forces"）。提前 return 避免无意义的 wasm boundary cross。
+   *
+   * Sleeping actor 不需要显式 wakeUp — wasm binding 调用 `addForce(force, eFORCE,
+   * autowake=true)`，PhysX 自动唤醒（已通过 `applyForce on sleeping actor` 测试验证）。
    */
   addForce(force: Vector3) {
+    if (this._isKinematic) return;
     this._pxActor.addForce({ x: force.x, y: force.y, z: force.z });
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IDynamicCollider.addTorque }
+   *
+   * 同 addForce — kinematic 提前 return，sleeping 由 PhysX autowake 自动处理。
    */
   addTorque(torque: Vector3) {
+    if (this._isKinematic) return;
     this._pxActor.addTorque({ x: torque.x, y: torque.y, z: torque.z });
   }
 
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IDynamicCollider.move }
+   *
+   * PhysX 要求 setKinematicTarget 的 rotation 是 normalized quaternion，否则会触发
+   * 内部 assertion / 警告，并把 actor 转到错误的姿态。所以在写入 wasm 边界前统一 normalize。
    */
   move(positionOrRotation: Vector3 | Quaternion, rotation?: Quaternion): void {
+    const tempTranslation = PhysXDynamicCollider._tempTranslation;
+    const tempRotation = PhysXDynamicCollider._tempRotation;
+
     if (rotation) {
-      this._pxActor.setKinematicTarget(positionOrRotation, rotation);
+      tempRotation.copyFrom(rotation).normalize();
+      this._pxActor.setKinematicTarget(positionOrRotation, tempRotation);
       return;
     }
 
-    const tempTranslation = PhysXDynamicCollider._tempTranslation;
-    const tempRotation = PhysXDynamicCollider._tempRotation;
-    this.getWorldTransform(tempTranslation, tempRotation);
     if (positionOrRotation instanceof Vector3) {
+      this.getWorldTransform(tempTranslation, tempRotation);
+      // current rotation read from PhysX is already normalized; no extra work needed
       this._pxActor.setKinematicTarget(positionOrRotation, tempRotation);
     } else {
-      this._pxActor.setKinematicTarget(tempTranslation, positionOrRotation);
+      this.getWorldTransform(tempTranslation, tempRotation);
+      tempRotation.copyFrom(positionOrRotation).normalize();
+      this._pxActor.setKinematicTarget(tempTranslation, tempRotation);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXPhysics.ts b/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXPhysics.ts
index 77ca0b6157..867ee68dff 100644
--- a/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXPhysics.ts
+++ b/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXPhysics.ts
@@ -57,20 +57,35 @@ export class PhysXPhysics implements IPhysics {
   private _tolerancesScale: any;
   private _wasmSIMDModeUrl: string;
   private _wasmModeUrl: string;
+  private _tolerancesScaleOptions: PhysXTolerancesScale | undefined;
+  private _defaultContactOffset = 0.02;
+  private _defaultSleepThreshold = 5e-3;
 
   /**
    * Create a PhysXPhysics instance.
    * @param runtimeMode - Runtime mode, `Auto` prefers WebAssembly SIMD if supported @see {@link PhysXRuntimeMode}
    * @param runtimeUrls - Manually specify the runtime URLs
+   * @param options - PhysX options.
    */
-  constructor(runtimeMode: PhysXRuntimeMode = PhysXRuntimeMode.Auto, runtimeUrls?: PhysXRuntimeUrls) {
+  constructor(runtimeMode?: PhysXRuntimeMode, runtimeUrls?: PhysXRuntimeUrls, options?: PhysXPhysicsOptions);
+  constructor(options?: PhysXPhysicsOptions);
+  constructor(
+    runtimeModeOrOptions: PhysXRuntimeMode | PhysXPhysicsOptions = PhysXRuntimeMode.Auto,
+    runtimeUrls?: PhysXRuntimeUrls,
+    options?: PhysXPhysicsOptions
+  ) {
+    const isOptionsObject = typeof runtimeModeOrOptions === "object";
+    const runtimeMode = isOptionsObject ? PhysXRuntimeMode.Auto : (runtimeModeOrOptions ?? PhysXRuntimeMode.Auto);
+    const resolvedOptions = isOptionsObject ? runtimeModeOrOptions : options;
     this._runTimeMode = runtimeMode;
     this._wasmSIMDModeUrl =
       runtimeUrls?.wasmSIMDModeUrl ??
-      "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/rms/afts/file/A*FHYHS4_ZL5UAAAAAQ4AAAAgAehQnAQ/physx.release.simd.js";
+      "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/rms/afts/file/A*iHrYQKBrgTAAAAAAQ4AAAAgAehQnAQ/physx.release.simd.js";
     this._wasmModeUrl =
       runtimeUrls?.wasmModeUrl ??
-      "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/rms/afts/file/A*2fv0RLMK1d0AAAAAQ4AAAAgAehQnAQ/physx.release.js";
+      "https://mdn.alipayobjects.com/rms/afts/file/A*DFuvR6Mv5C0AAAAAQ4AAAAgAehQnAQ/physx.release.js";
+    this._tolerancesScaleOptions = resolvedOptions?.tolerancesScale;
+    this._updateScaledDefaults(this._tolerancesScaleOptions?.length ?? 1, this._tolerancesScaleOptions?.speed ?? 10);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -156,6 +171,20 @@ export class PhysXPhysics implements IPhysics {
     return scene;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc IPhysics.getDefaultContactOffset }
+   */
+  getDefaultContactOffset(): number {
+    return this._defaultContactOffset;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc IPhysics.getDefaultSleepThreshold }
+   */
+  getDefaultSleepThreshold(): number {
+    return this._defaultSleepThreshold;
+  }
+
   /**
    * {@inheritDoc IPhysics.createStaticCollider }
    */
@@ -279,6 +308,7 @@ export class PhysXPhysics implements IPhysics {
     const allocator = new physX.PxDefaultAllocator();
     const pxFoundation = physX.PxCreateFoundation(version, allocator, defaultErrorCallback);
     const tolerancesScale = new physX.PxTolerancesScale();
+    this._applyTolerancesScale(tolerancesScale);
     const pxPhysics = physX.PxCreatePhysics(version, pxFoundation, tolerancesScale, false, null);
 
     physX.PxInitExtensions(pxPhysics, null);
@@ -302,6 +332,29 @@ export class PhysXPhysics implements IPhysics {
     this._allocator = allocator;
     this._tolerancesScale = tolerancesScale;
   }
+
+  private _applyTolerancesScale(tolerancesScale: any): void {
+    const length = this._tolerancesScaleOptions?.length ?? tolerancesScale.length;
+    const speed = this._tolerancesScaleOptions?.speed ?? tolerancesScale.speed;
+
+    this._assertPositiveFinite(length, "tolerancesScale.length");
+    this._assertPositiveFinite(speed, "tolerancesScale.speed");
+
+    tolerancesScale.length = length;
+    tolerancesScale.speed = speed;
+    this._updateScaledDefaults(length, speed);
+  }
+
+  private _assertPositiveFinite(value: number, name: string): void {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0) {
+      throw new Error(`PhysXPhysics ${name} must be a positive finite number.`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private _updateScaledDefaults(length: number, speed: number): void {
+    this._defaultContactOffset = 0.02 * length;
+    this._defaultSleepThreshold = 5e-5 * speed * speed;
+  }
 }
 
 enum InitializeState {
@@ -316,3 +369,15 @@ interface PhysXRuntimeUrls {
   /*** The URL of `PhysXRuntimeMode.WebAssemblySIMD` mode. */
   wasmSIMDModeUrl?: string;
 }
+
+export interface PhysXTolerancesScale {
+  /** Approximate object length in the simulation unit. PhysX default is 1. */
+  length?: number;
+  /** Typical object speed in the simulation unit. PhysX default is 10. */
+  speed?: number;
+}
+
+export interface PhysXPhysicsOptions {
+  /** PhysX world unit scale used before PxPhysics, PxSceneDesc and PxCookingParams are created. */
+  tolerancesScale?: PhysXTolerancesScale;
+}
diff --git a/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXPhysicsScene.ts b/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXPhysicsScene.ts
index a56a1fabce..d026304e4d 100644
--- a/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXPhysicsScene.ts
+++ b/packages/physics-physx/src/PhysXPhysicsScene.ts
@@ -29,11 +29,24 @@ export class PhysXPhysicsScene implements IPhysicsScene {
   private _physXPhysics: PhysXPhysics;
   private _physXManager: PhysXPhysicsManager;
   private _pxRaycastHit: any;
+  private _pxSweepHit: any;
   private _pxFilterData: any;
+  private _pxRaycastSweepFilterData: any;
 
   private _pxScene: any;
   private _physXSimulationCallbackInstance: any;
 
+  // A single persistent PhysX query filter callback is shared by raycast,
+  // sweep and overlap. PhysX SDK guarantees that `postFilter` is only invoked
+  // when `PxQueryFlag::ePOSTFILTER` is set on the query's filter data, so
+  // overlap (whose filter data omits POST_FILTER) safely uses the same
+  // callback that also handles the raycast/sweep initial-overlap skip.
+  // The user-supplied predicate is stored in `_currentOnQuery`; reentrant
+  // calls save the previous value on the call stack via a local in each
+  // query method, recreating C++-style RAII without an explicit stack array.
+  private _pxQueryCallback: any;
+  private _currentOnQuery: (obj: number) => boolean = null;
+
   private _activeTriggers: DisorderedArray<TriggerEvent> = new DisorderedArray<TriggerEvent>();
   private _contactEvents: ContactEvent[] = [];
   private _contactEventCount = 0;
@@ -49,8 +62,13 @@ export class PhysXPhysicsScene implements IPhysicsScene {
     const physX = physXPhysics._physX;
 
     this._pxRaycastHit = new physX.PxRaycastHit();
+    this._pxSweepHit = new physX.PxSweepHit();
     this._pxFilterData = new physX.PxQueryFilterData();
     this._pxFilterData.flags = new physX.PxQueryFlags(QueryFlag.STATIC | QueryFlag.DYNAMIC | QueryFlag.PRE_FILTER);
+    this._pxRaycastSweepFilterData = new physX.PxQueryFilterData();
+    this._pxRaycastSweepFilterData.flags = new physX.PxQueryFlags(
+      QueryFlag.STATIC | QueryFlag.DYNAMIC | QueryFlag.PRE_FILTER | QueryFlag.POST_FILTER
+    );
 
     const triggerCallback = {
       onContactBegin: (collision) => {
@@ -91,6 +109,14 @@ export class PhysXPhysicsScene implements IPhysicsScene {
     );
     this._pxScene = pxPhysics.createScene(sceneDesc);
     sceneDesc.delete();
+
+    this._pxQueryCallback = physX.PxQueryFilterCallback.implement({
+      preFilter: (_filterData: any, index: number, _actor: any) =>
+        this._currentOnQuery(index) ? QueryHitType.BLOCK : QueryHitType.NONE,
+      // distance <= 0 means initial overlap — drop the hit so subsequent hits can be considered.
+      // Only invoked when the query's filter data includes POST_FILTER (raycast/sweep, not overlap).
+      postFilter: (_filterData: any, distance: number) => (distance <= 0 ? QueryHitType.NONE : QueryHitType.BLOCK)
+    });
   }
 
   /**
@@ -207,27 +233,21 @@ export class PhysXPhysicsScene implements IPhysicsScene {
     const { _pxRaycastHit: pxHitResult } = this;
     distance = Math.min(distance, 3.4e38); // float32 max value limit in physX raycast.
 
-    const raycastCallback = {
-      preFilter: (filterData, index, actor) => {
-        if (onRaycast(index)) {
-          return 2; // eBLOCK
-        } else {
-          return 0; // eNONE
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    const pxRaycastCallback = this._physXPhysics._physX.PxQueryFilterCallback.implement(raycastCallback);
-    const result = this._pxScene.raycastSingle(
-      ray.origin,
-      ray.direction,
-      distance,
-      pxHitResult,
-      this._pxFilterData,
-      pxRaycastCallback
-    );
-
-    pxRaycastCallback.delete();
+    const prevOnQuery = this._currentOnQuery;
+    this._currentOnQuery = onRaycast;
+    let result: boolean;
+    try {
+      result = this._pxScene.raycastSingle(
+        ray.origin,
+        ray.direction,
+        distance,
+        pxHitResult,
+        this._pxRaycastSweepFilterData,
+        this._pxQueryCallback
+      );
+    } finally {
+      this._currentOnQuery = prevOnQuery;
+    }
 
     if (result && hit != undefined) {
       const { _tempPosition: position, _tempNormal: normal } = PhysXPhysicsScene;
@@ -390,8 +410,12 @@ export class PhysXPhysicsScene implements IPhysicsScene {
 
     this._physXSimulationCallbackInstance.delete();
     this._pxRaycastHit.delete();
+    this._pxSweepHit.delete();
     this._pxFilterData.flags.delete();
     this._pxFilterData.delete();
+    this._pxRaycastSweepFilterData.flags.delete();
+    this._pxRaycastSweepFilterData.delete();
+    this._pxQueryCallback.delete();
     // Need to release the controller manager before release the scene.
     this._pxControllerManager?.release();
     this._pxScene.release();
@@ -443,29 +467,25 @@ export class PhysXPhysicsScene implements IPhysicsScene {
     onSweep: (obj: number) => boolean,
     outHitResult?: (shapeUniqueID: number, distance: number, position: Vector3, normal: Vector3) => void
   ): boolean {
+    const { _pxSweepHit: pxSweepHit } = this;
     distance = Math.min(distance, 3.4e38); // float32 max value limit in physx sweep
 
-    const sweepCallback = {
-      preFilter: (filterData, index, actor) => {
-        if (onSweep(index)) {
-          return 2; // eBLOCK
-        } else {
-          return 0; // eNONE
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    const pxSweepCallback = this._physXPhysics._physX.PxQueryFilterCallback.implement(sweepCallback);
-    const pxSweepHit = new this._physXPhysics._physX.PxSweepHit();
-    const result = this._pxScene.sweepSingle(
-      geometry,
-      pose,
-      direction,
-      distance,
-      pxSweepHit,
-      this._pxFilterData,
-      pxSweepCallback
-    );
+    const prevOnQuery = this._currentOnQuery;
+    this._currentOnQuery = onSweep;
+    let result: boolean;
+    try {
+      result = this._pxScene.sweepSingle(
+        geometry,
+        pose,
+        direction,
+        distance,
+        pxSweepHit,
+        this._pxRaycastSweepFilterData,
+        this._pxQueryCallback
+      );
+    } finally {
+      this._currentOnQuery = prevOnQuery;
+    }
 
     if (result && outHitResult != undefined) {
       const { _tempPosition: position, _tempNormal: normal } = PhysXPhysicsScene;
@@ -474,10 +494,6 @@ export class PhysXPhysicsScene implements IPhysicsScene {
       normal.set(pxNormal.x, pxNormal.y, pxNormal.z);
       outHitResult(pxSweepHit.getShape().getUUID(), pxSweepHit.distance, position, normal);
     }
-
-    pxSweepCallback.delete();
-    pxSweepHit.delete();
-
     return result;
   }
 
@@ -486,19 +502,15 @@ export class PhysXPhysicsScene implements IPhysicsScene {
     pose: { translation: Vector3; rotation: Quaternion },
     onOverlap: (obj: number) => boolean
   ): number[] {
-    const overlapCallback = {
-      preFilter: (filterData, index, actor) => (onOverlap(index) ? 2 : 0)
-    };
-
-    const pxOverlapCallback = this._physXPhysics._physX.PxQueryFilterCallback.implement(overlapCallback);
+    const prevOnQuery = this._currentOnQuery;
+    this._currentOnQuery = onOverlap;
     const maxHits = 256;
-    const hits: any = (this._pxScene as any).overlapMultiple(
-      geometry,
-      pose,
-      maxHits,
-      this._pxFilterData,
-      pxOverlapCallback
-    );
+    let hits: any;
+    try {
+      hits = (this._pxScene as any).overlapMultiple(geometry, pose, maxHits, this._pxFilterData, this._pxQueryCallback);
+    } finally {
+      this._currentOnQuery = prevOnQuery;
+    }
 
     const result = PhysXPhysicsScene._tempShapeIDs;
     result.length = 0;
@@ -509,7 +521,6 @@ export class PhysXPhysicsScene implements IPhysicsScene {
       }
     }
 
-    pxOverlapCallback.delete();
     hits?.delete();
     return result;
   }
@@ -570,6 +581,16 @@ enum QueryFlag {
   NO_BLOCK = 1 << 5
 }
 
+/**
+ * Result returned from a PhysX query filter callback (mirrors `PxQueryHitType`).
+ */
+enum QueryHitType {
+  /** Filter the hit out (no further processing). */
+  NONE = 0,
+  /** Treat the hit as a blocking hit (terminates query for single-hit modes). */
+  BLOCK = 2
+}
+
 enum PhysicsEventState {
   Enter = 0,
   Stay = 1,
diff --git a/packages/physics-physx/src/shape/PhysXColliderShape.ts b/packages/physics-physx/src/shape/PhysXColliderShape.ts
index ea5a3df8b4..61b9fdf6a3 100644
--- a/packages/physics-physx/src/shape/PhysXColliderShape.ts
+++ b/packages/physics-physx/src/shape/PhysXColliderShape.ts
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ export abstract class PhysXColliderShape implements IColliderShape {
 
   constructor(physXPhysics: PhysXPhysics) {
     this._physXPhysics = physXPhysics;
+    this._contractOffset = physXPhysics.getDefaultContactOffset();
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/packages/rhi-webgl/package.json b/packages/rhi-webgl/package.json
index 9d22c1e383..87e0b17c18 100644
--- a/packages/rhi-webgl/package.json
+++ b/packages/rhi-webgl/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-rhi-webgl",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "repository": {
     "url": "https://github.com/galacean/engine.git"
   },
diff --git a/packages/rhi-webgl/src/GLBuffer.ts b/packages/rhi-webgl/src/GLBuffer.ts
index 87f635dba9..aea7b38842 100644
--- a/packages/rhi-webgl/src/GLBuffer.ts
+++ b/packages/rhi-webgl/src/GLBuffer.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,18 @@ export class GLBuffer implements IPlatformBuffer {
     const gl = rhi.gl;
     const glBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
     const glBufferUsage = this._getGLBufferUsage(gl, bufferUsage);
-    const glBindTarget = type === BufferBindFlag.VertexBuffer ? gl.ARRAY_BUFFER : gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER;
+    let glBindTarget: number;
+    switch (type) {
+      case BufferBindFlag.VertexBuffer:
+        glBindTarget = gl.ARRAY_BUFFER;
+        break;
+      case BufferBindFlag.IndexBuffer:
+        glBindTarget = gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER;
+        break;
+      case BufferBindFlag.ConstantBuffer:
+        glBindTarget = (<WebGL2RenderingContext>gl).UNIFORM_BUFFER;
+        break;
+    }
     this._gl = gl;
     this._glBuffer = glBuffer;
     this._glBufferUsage = glBufferUsage;
diff --git a/packages/rhi-webgl/src/GLPrimitive.ts b/packages/rhi-webgl/src/GLPrimitive.ts
index fa7d89f1e8..5a7890d735 100644
--- a/packages/rhi-webgl/src/GLPrimitive.ts
+++ b/packages/rhi-webgl/src/GLPrimitive.ts
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ export class GLPrimitive implements IPlatformPrimitive {
 
       const element = attributes[name];
       if (element) {
+        if (!vertexBufferBindings[element.bindingIndex]) continue;
         const { buffer, stride } = vertexBufferBindings[element.bindingIndex];
         vbo = buffer._platformBuffer._glBuffer;
         // prevent binding the vbo which already bound at the last loop, e.g. a buffer with multiple attributes.
diff --git a/packages/rhi-webgl/src/WebGLGraphicDevice.ts b/packages/rhi-webgl/src/WebGLGraphicDevice.ts
index c937742f36..7394b0409a 100644
--- a/packages/rhi-webgl/src/WebGLGraphicDevice.ts
+++ b/packages/rhi-webgl/src/WebGLGraphicDevice.ts
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ export interface WebGLGraphicDeviceOptions {
  * WebGL graphic device, including WebGL1.0 and WebGL2.0.
  */
 export class WebGLGraphicDevice implements IHardwareRenderer {
+  maxUniformBlockSize: number;
+
   /** @internal */
   _readFrameBuffer: WebGLFramebuffer = null;
   /** @internal */
@@ -280,6 +282,20 @@ export class WebGLGraphicDevice implements IHardwareRenderer {
     return new GLTransformFeedbackPrimitive(<WebGL2RenderingContext>this._gl);
   }
 
+  bindUniformBufferBase(bindingPoint: number, buffer: IPlatformBuffer): void {
+    const gl = <WebGL2RenderingContext>this._gl;
+    gl.bindBufferBase(gl.UNIFORM_BUFFER, bindingPoint, (<GLBuffer>buffer)._glBuffer);
+  }
+
+  bindUniformBlock(program: WebGLProgram, blockName: string, bindingPoint: number): number {
+    const gl = <WebGL2RenderingContext>this._gl;
+    const blockIndex = gl.getUniformBlockIndex(program, blockName);
+    if (blockIndex !== gl.INVALID_INDEX) {
+      gl.uniformBlockBinding(program, blockIndex, bindingPoint);
+    }
+    return blockIndex;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Enable GL_RASTERIZER_DISCARD (WebGL2 only).
    */
@@ -623,6 +639,11 @@ export class WebGLGraphicDevice implements IHardwareRenderer {
     if (debugRenderInfo != null) {
       this._renderer = gl.getParameter(debugRenderInfo.UNMASKED_RENDERER_WEBGL);
     }
+    if (this._isWebGL2) {
+      this.maxUniformBlockSize = (<WebGL2RenderingContext>gl).getParameter(
+        (<WebGL2RenderingContext>gl).MAX_UNIFORM_BLOCK_SIZE
+      );
+    }
   }
 
   destroy(): void {
diff --git a/packages/shader-lab/package.json b/packages/shader-lab/package.json
index c6220b9a53..0d6baf8ea5 100644
--- a/packages/shader-lab/package.json
+++ b/packages/shader-lab/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-shaderlab",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/shader-lab/src/Preprocessor.ts b/packages/shader-lab/src/Preprocessor.ts
index 17e907da73..8f3e1abb27 100644
--- a/packages/shader-lab/src/Preprocessor.ts
+++ b/packages/shader-lab/src/Preprocessor.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { ShaderLib } from "@galacean/engine";
 export enum MacroValueType {
   Number, // 1, 1.1
   Symbol, // variable name
+  MemberAccess, // member access, e.g. input.v_uv, v.rgb
   FunctionCall, // function call, e.g. clamp(a, 0.0, 1.0)
   Other // shaderLab does not check this
 }
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ export class Preprocessor {
   private static readonly _macroRegex =
     /^\s*#define\s+(\w+)[ ]*(\(([^)]*)\))?[ ]+(\(?\w+\)?.*?)(?:\/\/.*|\/\*.*?\*\/)?\s*$/gm;
   private static readonly _symbolReg = /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/;
+  private static readonly _memberAccessReg = /^([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)(\.[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)+$/;
   private static readonly _funcCallReg = /^([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)\s*\((.*)\)$/;
   private static readonly _macroDefineIncludeMap = new Map<string, MacroDefineList>();
 
@@ -61,6 +63,10 @@ export class Preprocessor {
         const referencedName = valueType === MacroValueType.FunctionCall ? info.functionCallName : info.value;
         if (info.params.indexOf(referencedName) !== -1) continue;
         if (out.indexOf(referencedName) === -1) out.push(referencedName);
+      } else if (valueType === MacroValueType.MemberAccess) {
+        // Extract root symbol: "input.v_uv" → "input"
+        const rootName = info.value.substring(0, info.value.indexOf("."));
+        if (out.indexOf(rootName) === -1) out.push(rootName);
       } else if (valueType === MacroValueType.Other) {
         // #if _VERBOSE
         Logger.warn(
@@ -110,6 +116,8 @@ export class Preprocessor {
         valueType = MacroValueType.Number;
       } else if (this._symbolReg.test(value)) {
         valueType = MacroValueType.Symbol;
+      } else if (this._memberAccessReg.test(value)) {
+        valueType = MacroValueType.MemberAccess;
       } else {
         const callMatch = this._funcCallReg.exec(value);
         if (callMatch) {
diff --git a/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/CodeGenVisitor.ts b/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/CodeGenVisitor.ts
index 35beaa1d98..f4d560c987 100644
--- a/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/CodeGenVisitor.ts
+++ b/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/CodeGenVisitor.ts
@@ -31,13 +31,19 @@ export abstract class CodeGenVisitor {
 
   protected static _tmpArrayPool = new ReturnableObjectPool(TempArray<string>, 10);
 
+  protected static readonly _memberAccessReg = /\b(\w+)\.(\w+)\b/g;
+
   defaultCodeGen(children: NodeChild[]) {
     const pool = CodeGenVisitor._tmpArrayPool;
     let ret = pool.get();
     ret.dispose();
     for (const child of children) {
       if (child instanceof BaseToken) {
-        ret.array.push(child.lexeme);
+        if (child.type === Keyword.MACRO_DEFINE_EXPRESSION) {
+          ret.array.push(this._transformMacroDefineValue(child.lexeme));
+        } else {
+          ret.array.push(child.lexeme);
+        }
       } else {
         ret.array.push(child.codeGen(this));
       }
@@ -46,6 +52,32 @@ export abstract class CodeGenVisitor {
     return ret.array.join(" ");
   }
 
+  protected _transformMacroDefineValue(
+    lexeme: string,
+    overrideMap?: Record<string, "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt">
+  ): string {
+    const context = VisitorContext.context;
+    const structVarMap = overrideMap ?? context._structVarMap;
+    if (!structVarMap) return lexeme;
+
+    const spaceIdx = lexeme.indexOf(" ");
+    if (spaceIdx === -1) return lexeme;
+
+    const macroName = lexeme.substring(0, spaceIdx);
+    let value = lexeme.substring(spaceIdx);
+
+    const reg = CodeGenVisitor._memberAccessReg;
+    reg.lastIndex = 0;
+    value = value.replace(reg, (match, varName, propName) => {
+      const role = structVarMap[varName];
+      if (!role) return match;
+      context.referenceStructPropByName(role, propName);
+      return propName;
+    });
+
+    return macroName + value;
+  }
+
   visitPostfixExpression(node: ASTNode.PostfixExpression): string {
     const children = node.children;
     const derivationLength = children.length;
@@ -212,7 +244,19 @@ export abstract class CodeGenVisitor {
     const children = node.children;
     const fullType = children[0];
     if (fullType instanceof ASTNode.FullySpecifiedType && fullType.typeSpecifier.isCustom) {
-      VisitorContext.context.referenceGlobal(<string>fullType.type, ESymbolType.STRUCT);
+      const context = VisitorContext.context;
+      const typeLexeme = fullType.typeSpecifier.lexeme;
+      const role = context.getStructRole(typeLexeme);
+      if (role) {
+        // Global variable of a varying/attribute/mrt struct type (e.g. "Varyings o;").
+        // Don't output as uniform; register the variable in struct var maps instead.
+        const ident = children[1];
+        if (ident instanceof BaseToken) {
+          context.registerStructVar(ident.lexeme, role);
+        }
+        return "";
+      }
+      context.referenceGlobal(<string>fullType.type, ESymbolType.STRUCT);
     }
     return `uniform ${this.defaultCodeGen(children)}`;
   }
@@ -351,6 +395,8 @@ export abstract class CodeGenVisitor {
     const fnName = fnNode.protoType.ident.lexeme;
     const context = VisitorContext.context;
 
+    this._collectStructVars(fnNode, context);
+
     if (fnName == context.stageEntry) {
       const statements = fnNode.statements.codeGen(this);
       return `void main() ${statements}`;
@@ -359,6 +405,74 @@ export abstract class CodeGenVisitor {
     }
   }
 
+  private _collectStructVars(fnNode: ASTNode.FunctionDefinition, context: VisitorContext): void {
+    const map = context._structVarMap;
+    // Clear previous function's mappings
+    for (const key in map) delete map[key];
+
+    // Collect from function parameters
+    const paramList = fnNode.protoType.parameterList;
+    if (paramList) {
+      for (const param of paramList) {
+        if (param.ident && param.typeInfo && typeof param.typeInfo.type === "string") {
+          const role = context.getStructRole(param.typeInfo.typeLexeme);
+          if (role) map[param.ident.lexeme] = role;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Collect from local variable declarations in function body
+    this._collectStructVarsFromNode(fnNode.statements, context, map);
+  }
+
+  private _collectStructVarsFromNode(
+    node: TreeNode,
+    context: VisitorContext,
+    map: Record<string, "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt">
+  ): void {
+    const children = node.children;
+    for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
+      const child = children[i];
+      if (child instanceof ASTNode.InitDeclaratorList) {
+        const typeLexeme = child.typeInfo?.typeLexeme;
+        if (typeLexeme) {
+          const role = context.getStructRole(typeLexeme);
+          if (role) {
+            // Extract variable name from SingleDeclaration or comma-separated identifiers
+            this._extractVarNamesFromInitDeclaratorList(child, map, role);
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (child instanceof TreeNode) {
+        this._collectStructVarsFromNode(child, context, map);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected _extractVarNamesFromInitDeclaratorList(
+    node: ASTNode.InitDeclaratorList,
+    map: Record<string, "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt">,
+    role: "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt"
+  ): void {
+    const children = node.children;
+    if (children.length === 1) {
+      // SingleDeclaration: type ident
+      const singleDecl = children[0] as ASTNode.SingleDeclaration;
+      const identChildren = singleDecl.children;
+      if (identChildren.length >= 2 && identChildren[1] instanceof BaseToken) {
+        map[identChildren[1].lexeme] = role;
+      }
+    } else if (children.length >= 3) {
+      // InitDeclaratorList , ident ...
+      const initDeclList = children[0];
+      if (initDeclList instanceof ASTNode.InitDeclaratorList) {
+        this._extractVarNamesFromInitDeclaratorList(initDeclList, map, role);
+      }
+      if (children[2] instanceof BaseToken) {
+        map[children[2].lexeme] = role;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   protected _reportError(loc: ShaderRange | ShaderPosition, message: string): void {
     // #if _VERBOSE
     this.errors.push(new GSError(GSErrorName.CompilationError, message, loc, ShaderLab._processingPassText));
diff --git a/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/GLES100.ts b/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/GLES100.ts
index 995dccdeec..2c2e0faa93 100644
--- a/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/GLES100.ts
+++ b/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/GLES100.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export class GLES100Visitor extends GLESVisitor {
         return "";
       }
       const expression = node.children[1] as ASTNode.Expression;
-      return `gl_FragColor = ${expression.codeGen(this)}`;
+      return `gl_FragColor = ${expression.codeGen(this)};`;
     }
     return super.visitJumpStatement(node);
   }
diff --git a/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/GLESVisitor.ts b/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/GLESVisitor.ts
index fbf611729f..d7596ae9ab 100644
--- a/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/GLESVisitor.ts
+++ b/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/GLESVisitor.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { Keyword } from "../common/enums/Keyword";
 import { ASTNode, TreeNode } from "../parser/AST";
 import { ShaderData } from "../parser/ShaderInfo";
 import { ESymbolType, FnSymbol, StructSymbol, SymbolInfo } from "../parser/symbolTable";
+import { NodeChild } from "../parser/types";
 import { CodeGenVisitor } from "./CodeGenVisitor";
 import { ICodeSegment } from "./types";
 import { VisitorContext } from "./VisitorContext";
@@ -37,10 +38,15 @@ export abstract class GLESVisitor extends CodeGenVisitor {
     this.reset();
 
     const shaderData = node.shaderData;
-    VisitorContext.context._passSymbolTable = shaderData.symbolTable;
+    const context = VisitorContext.context;
+    context._passSymbolTable = shaderData.symbolTable;
 
     const outerGlobalMacroDeclarations = shaderData.getOuterGlobalMacroDeclarations();
 
+    // Build combined _globalStructVarMap from both entry functions before per-stage processing.
+    // This must happen here because vertex runs first and doesn't yet know fragment's variables.
+    this._buildGlobalStructVarMap(vertexEntry, fragmentEntry, shaderData, outerGlobalMacroDeclarations, context);
+
     return {
       vertex: this._vertexMain(vertexEntry, shaderData, outerGlobalMacroDeclarations),
       fragment: this._fragmentMain(fragmentEntry, shaderData, outerGlobalMacroDeclarations)
@@ -109,6 +115,9 @@ export abstract class GLESVisitor extends CodeGenVisitor {
       }
     });
 
+    // Pre-register global #define member access references for this stage
+    this._registerGlobalMacroReferences(outerGlobalMacroDeclarations, context);
+
     const globalCodeArray = this._globalCodeArray;
     VisitorContext.context.referenceGlobal(entry, ESymbolType.FN);
 
@@ -173,6 +182,9 @@ export abstract class GLESVisitor extends CodeGenVisitor {
       }
     });
 
+    // Pre-register global #define member access references for this stage
+    this._registerGlobalMacroReferences(outerGlobalMacroStatements, context);
+
     const globalCodeArray = this._globalCodeArray;
     VisitorContext.context.referenceGlobal(entry, ESymbolType.FN);
 
@@ -193,10 +205,178 @@ export abstract class GLESVisitor extends CodeGenVisitor {
     return globalCode;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Build _globalStructVarMap from both entry functions before per-stage processing.
+   * Classifies struct types by their position in function signatures:
+   * - vertex param[0] → attribute, vertex return type → varying
+   * - fragment param[0] → varying, fragment return type → mrt
+   */
+  private _buildGlobalStructVarMap(
+    vertexEntry: string,
+    fragmentEntry: string,
+    data: ShaderData,
+    globalMacros: ASTNode.GlobalDeclaration[],
+    context: VisitorContext
+  ): void {
+    const map = context._globalStructVarMap;
+    const lookupSymbol = GLESVisitor._lookupSymbol;
+    const { symbolTable } = data;
+
+    // Map struct type names to roles based on function signature positions
+    const structTypeRoles: Record<string, "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt"> = Object.create(null);
+
+    // Vertex entry: param[0] type → attribute, return type → varying
+    lookupSymbol.set(vertexEntry, ESymbolType.FN);
+    const vertexFns = <FnSymbol[]>symbolTable.getSymbols(lookupSymbol, true, []);
+    for (const fn of vertexFns) {
+      const proto = fn.astNode.protoType;
+      const param0 = proto.parameterList?.[0];
+      if (param0 && typeof param0.typeInfo.type === "string") {
+        structTypeRoles[param0.typeInfo.typeLexeme] = "attribute";
+      }
+      if (typeof proto.returnType.type === "string") {
+        structTypeRoles[<string>proto.returnType.type] = "varying";
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Fragment entry: param[0] type → varying, return type → mrt
+    lookupSymbol.set(fragmentEntry, ESymbolType.FN);
+    const fragmentFns = <FnSymbol[]>symbolTable.getSymbols(lookupSymbol, true, []);
+    for (const fn of fragmentFns) {
+      const proto = fn.astNode.protoType;
+      const param0 = proto.parameterList?.[0];
+      if (param0 && typeof param0.typeInfo.type === "string") {
+        structTypeRoles[param0.typeInfo.typeLexeme] = "varying";
+      }
+      if (typeof proto.returnType.type === "string") {
+        structTypeRoles[<string>proto.returnType.type] = "mrt";
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Scan all entry functions' params and local vars, classify by structTypeRoles
+    for (const fn of [...vertexFns, ...fragmentFns]) {
+      const fnNode = fn.astNode;
+      const paramList = fnNode.protoType.parameterList;
+      if (paramList) {
+        for (const param of paramList) {
+          if (param.ident && param.typeInfo && typeof param.typeInfo.type === "string") {
+            const role = structTypeRoles[param.typeInfo.typeLexeme];
+            if (role) map[param.ident.lexeme] = role;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      this._collectStructVarsFromBody(fnNode.statements, structTypeRoles, map);
+    }
+
+    // Also scan global macros for root variable names that might be global struct variables.
+    // e.g. #define VSOutput_worldPos o.v_worldPos → root "o" → look up in symbol table
+    let hasRoles = false;
+    for (const _ in structTypeRoles) {
+      hasRoles = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (hasRoles) {
+      const checked = new Set<string>();
+      const symOut: SymbolInfo[] = [];
+      this._forEachMacroMemberAccess(globalMacros, (rootName) => {
+        if (map[rootName] || checked.has(rootName)) return;
+        checked.add(rootName);
+        lookupSymbol.set(rootName, ESymbolType.VAR);
+        symbolTable.getSymbols(lookupSymbol, true, symOut);
+        for (const sym of symOut) {
+          if (sym.dataType) {
+            const role = structTypeRoles[sym.dataType.typeLexeme];
+            if (role) {
+              map[rootName] = role;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  private _collectStructVarsFromBody(
+    node: TreeNode,
+    structTypeRoles: Record<string, "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt">,
+    map: Record<string, "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt">
+  ): void {
+    const children = node.children;
+    for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
+      const child = children[i];
+      if (child instanceof ASTNode.InitDeclaratorList) {
+        const typeLexeme = child.typeInfo?.typeLexeme;
+        if (typeLexeme) {
+          const role = structTypeRoles[typeLexeme];
+          if (role) {
+            this._extractVarNamesFromInitDeclaratorList(child, map, role);
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (child instanceof TreeNode) {
+        this._collectStructVarsFromBody(child, structTypeRoles, map);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Pre-register attribute/varying/mrt references from global #define member access patterns,
+   * so that declarations are emitted by _getCustomStruct for the current stage.
+   */
+  private _registerGlobalMacroReferences(globalMacros: ASTNode.GlobalDeclaration[], context: VisitorContext): void {
+    const map = context._globalStructVarMap;
+    let hasEntries = false;
+    for (const _ in map) {
+      hasEntries = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!hasEntries) return;
+    this._forEachMacroMemberAccess(globalMacros, (rootName, propName) => {
+      const role = map[rootName];
+      if (role) context.referenceStructPropByName(role, propName);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Traverse global macro declarations, extracting member access patterns (e.g. "o.v_uv")
+   * and invoking the callback with (rootName, propName) for each match.
+   */
+  private _forEachMacroMemberAccess(
+    macros: ASTNode.GlobalDeclaration[],
+    callback: (rootName: string, propName: string) => void
+  ): void {
+    const reg = CodeGenVisitor._memberAccessReg;
+    for (const macro of macros) {
+      this._walkMacroChildren(macro.children, reg, callback);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private _walkMacroChildren(
+    children: NodeChild[],
+    reg: RegExp,
+    callback: (rootName: string, propName: string) => void
+  ): void {
+    for (const child of children) {
+      if (child instanceof BaseToken && child.type === Keyword.MACRO_DEFINE_EXPRESSION) {
+        const spaceIdx = child.lexeme.indexOf(" ");
+        if (spaceIdx === -1) continue;
+        const value = child.lexeme.substring(spaceIdx);
+        reg.lastIndex = 0;
+        let match: RegExpExecArray | null;
+        while ((match = reg.exec(value)) !== null) {
+          callback(match[1], match[2]);
+        }
+      } else if (child instanceof TreeNode) {
+        this._walkMacroChildren(child.children, reg, callback);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   private _getGlobalSymbol(out: ICodeSegment[]): void {
-    const { _referencedGlobals } = VisitorContext.context;
+    const context = VisitorContext.context;
+    const { _referencedGlobals } = context;
 
-    const lastLength = Object.keys(_referencedGlobals).length;
+    let lastLength = 0;
+    for (const _ in _referencedGlobals) lastLength++;
     if (lastLength === 0) return;
 
     for (const ident in _referencedGlobals) {
@@ -206,7 +386,9 @@ export abstract class GLESVisitor extends CodeGenVisitor {
       const symbols = _referencedGlobals[ident];
       for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
         const sm = symbols[i];
-        const text = sm.astNode.codeGen(this) + (sm.type === ESymbolType.VAR ? ";" : "");
+        const codeGenResult = sm.astNode.codeGen(this);
+        if (!codeGenResult) continue;
+        const text = codeGenResult + (sm.type === ESymbolType.VAR ? ";" : "");
         if (!sm.isInMacroBranch) {
           out.push({
             text,
@@ -216,7 +398,9 @@ export abstract class GLESVisitor extends CodeGenVisitor {
       }
     }
 
-    if (Object.keys(_referencedGlobals).length !== lastLength) {
+    let newLength = 0;
+    for (const _ in _referencedGlobals) newLength++;
+    if (newLength !== lastLength) {
       this._getGlobalSymbol(out);
     }
   }
@@ -233,6 +417,7 @@ export abstract class GLESVisitor extends CodeGenVisitor {
 
   private _getGlobalMacroDeclarations(macros: ASTNode.GlobalDeclaration[], out: ICodeSegment[]): void {
     const context = VisitorContext.context;
+    const globalMap = context._globalStructVarMap;
     const referencedGlobals = context._referencedGlobals;
     const referencedGlobalMacroASTs = context._referencedGlobalMacroASTs;
     referencedGlobalMacroASTs.length = 0;
@@ -253,7 +438,12 @@ export abstract class GLESVisitor extends CodeGenVisitor {
         let result: ICodeSegment[] = [];
         result.push(
           ...macro.macroExpressions.map((item) => ({
-            text: item instanceof BaseToken ? item.lexeme : item.codeGen(this),
+            text:
+              item instanceof BaseToken
+                ? item.type === Keyword.MACRO_DEFINE_EXPRESSION
+                  ? this._transformMacroDefineValue(item.lexeme, globalMap)
+                  : item.lexeme
+                : item.codeGen(this),
             index: item.location.start.index
           }))
         );
@@ -264,6 +454,8 @@ export abstract class GLESVisitor extends CodeGenVisitor {
           .sort((a, b) => a.index - b.index)
           .map((item) => item.text)
           .join("\n");
+      } else if (child instanceof BaseToken && child.type === Keyword.MACRO_DEFINE_EXPRESSION) {
+        text = this._transformMacroDefineValue(child.lexeme, globalMap);
       } else {
         text = macro.codeGen(this);
       }
diff --git a/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/VisitorContext.ts b/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/VisitorContext.ts
index 25211f008a..1c1972c0db 100644
--- a/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/VisitorContext.ts
+++ b/packages/shader-lab/src/codeGen/VisitorContext.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ export class VisitorContext {
   _referencedMRTList: Record<string, StructProp[]>;
   _referencedGlobals: Record<string, SymbolInfo[]>;
   _referencedGlobalMacroASTs: TreeNode[] = [];
+  /** Maps variable names to their struct role for function-body #define value transformation. */
+  _structVarMap: Record<string, "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt">;
+  /** Combined mapping from all entry functions for global #define transformation. */
+  _globalStructVarMap: Record<string, "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt">;
 
   _passSymbolTable: SymbolTable<SymbolInfo>;
 
@@ -56,6 +60,36 @@ export class VisitorContext {
     this._referencedMRTList = Object.create(null);
     this._referencedGlobals = Object.create(null);
     this._referencedGlobalMacroASTs.length = 0;
+    this._structVarMap = Object.create(null);
+    if (resetAll) {
+      this._globalStructVarMap = Object.create(null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  getStructRole(typeLexeme: string): "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt" | undefined {
+    if (this.isAttributeStruct(typeLexeme)) return "attribute";
+    if (this.isVaryingStruct(typeLexeme)) return "varying";
+    if (this.isMRTStruct(typeLexeme)) return "mrt";
+  }
+
+  registerStructVar(varName: string, role: "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt"): void {
+    this._structVarMap[varName] = role;
+    this._globalStructVarMap[varName] = role;
+  }
+
+  referenceStructPropByName(role: "varying" | "attribute" | "mrt", propName: string): void {
+    const list = role === "varying" ? this.varyingList : role === "attribute" ? this.attributeList : this.mrtList;
+    const refList =
+      role === "varying"
+        ? this._referencedVaryingList
+        : role === "attribute"
+          ? this._referencedAttributeList
+          : this._referencedMRTList;
+    if (refList[propName]) return;
+    const props = list.filter((item) => item.ident.lexeme === propName);
+    if (props.length) {
+      refList[propName] = props;
+    }
   }
 
   isAttributeStruct(type: string) {
diff --git a/packages/shader-lab/src/macroProcessor/MacroParser.ts b/packages/shader-lab/src/macroProcessor/MacroParser.ts
index d845102e1a..a2ed90c504 100644
--- a/packages/shader-lab/src/macroProcessor/MacroParser.ts
+++ b/packages/shader-lab/src/macroProcessor/MacroParser.ts
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ export class MacroParser {
       scanner.advance(1);
       scanner.skipSpace(false);
       const parenExpr = this._parseParenthesisExpression(scanner);
-      if ((operator === "!" && typeof parenExpr !== "boolean") || (operator !== "!" && typeof parenExpr !== "number")) {
+      if (operator !== "!" && typeof parenExpr !== "number") {
         this._reportError(opPos, "invalid operator.", scanner.source, scanner.file);
       }
 
diff --git a/packages/shader-lab/src/parser/AST.ts b/packages/shader-lab/src/parser/AST.ts
index 4c90c01444..243944df8f 100644
--- a/packages/shader-lab/src/parser/AST.ts
+++ b/packages/shader-lab/src/parser/AST.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { ETokenType, GalaceanDataType, ShaderRange, TokenType, TypeAny } from ".
 import { BaseToken } from "../common/BaseToken";
 import { Keyword } from "../common/enums/Keyword";
 import { ParserUtils } from "../ParserUtils";
-import { Preprocessor } from "../Preprocessor";
+import { MacroValueType, Preprocessor } from "../Preprocessor";
 import { ShaderLabUtils } from "../ShaderLabUtils";
 import { BuiltinFunction, BuiltinVariable, NonGenericGalaceanType } from "./builtin";
 import { NoneTerminal } from "./GrammarSymbol";
@@ -1424,7 +1424,12 @@ export namespace ASTNode {
           sa.reportWarning(this.location, `Please sure the identifier "${name}" will be declared before used.`);
           // #endif
         } else {
-          this.typeInfo = symbols[0].dataType?.type;
+          // For member access macros (e.g. #define FRAG_UV v.v_uv), the referenceSymbolNames
+          // contains the root variable ("v") whose type is the struct ("Varyings"), not the
+          // member type ("vec2"). Skip type inference in this case — keep TypeAny.
+          if (child instanceof BaseToken || !this._isMemberAccessMacro(sa, child)) {
+            this.typeInfo = symbols[0].dataType?.type;
+          }
           const currentScopeSymbol = <VarSymbol | FnSymbol>sa.symbolTableStack.scope.getSymbol(lookupSymbol, true);
           if (currentScopeSymbol) {
             if (
@@ -1443,6 +1448,12 @@ export namespace ASTNode {
       }
     }
 
+    private _isMemberAccessMacro(sa: SemanticAnalyzer, child: MacroCallSymbol | MacroCallFunction): boolean {
+      const macroName = child.macroName;
+      const infos = sa.macroDefineList[macroName];
+      return infos?.some((info) => info.valueType === MacroValueType.MemberAccess) ?? false;
+    }
+
     override codeGen(visitor: CodeGenVisitor): string {
       return this.setCache(visitor.visitVariableIdentifier(this));
     }
diff --git a/packages/shader-lab/src/parser/builtin/functions.ts b/packages/shader-lab/src/parser/builtin/functions.ts
index 46c0d49d29..859951641c 100644
--- a/packages/shader-lab/src/parser/builtin/functions.ts
+++ b/packages/shader-lab/src/parser/builtin/functions.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,39 @@ function isGenericType(t: BuiltinType) {
   return t >= EGenType.GenType && t <= EGenType.GSampler2DArray;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Resolve a generic return type from the actual type of a generic parameter.
+ *
+ * For GVec4 return type, maps sampler variants to the correct vec4 type:
+ *   sampler2D/sampler3D/samplerCube → vec4
+ *   isampler2D/isampler3D/...       → ivec4
+ *   usampler2D/usampler3D/...       → uvec4
+ *
+ * For all other generic return types (GenType etc.), passes through the actual param type directly.
+ */
+function resolveGenericReturnType(
+  genericReturnType: EGenType,
+  actualParamType: NonGenericGalaceanType
+): NonGenericGalaceanType {
+  if (genericReturnType === EGenType.GVec4) {
+    switch (actualParamType) {
+      case Keyword.I_SAMPLER2D:
+      case Keyword.I_SAMPLER3D:
+      case Keyword.I_SAMPLER_CUBE:
+      case Keyword.I_SAMPLER2D_ARRAY:
+        return Keyword.IVEC4;
+      case Keyword.U_SAMPLER2D:
+      case Keyword.U_SAMPLER3D:
+      case Keyword.U_SAMPLER_CUBE:
+      case Keyword.U_SAMPLER2D_ARRAY:
+        return Keyword.UVEC4;
+      default:
+        return Keyword.VEC4;
+    }
+  }
+  return actualParamType;
+}
+
 const BuiltinFunctionTable: Map<string, BuiltinFunction[]> = new Map();
 
 export class BuiltinFunction {
@@ -78,12 +111,14 @@ export class BuiltinFunction {
         const argLength = fnArgs.length;
         if (argLength !== parameterTypes.length) continue;
         // Try to match generic parameter type.
-        let returnType = TypeAny;
+        let resolvedReturnType: NonGenericGalaceanType = TypeAny;
         let found = true;
         for (let i = 0; i < argLength; i++) {
           const curFnArg = fnArgs[i];
           if (isGenericType(curFnArg)) {
-            if (returnType === TypeAny) returnType = parameterTypes[i];
+            if (resolvedReturnType === TypeAny) {
+              resolvedReturnType = resolveGenericReturnType(fn._returnType as EGenType, parameterTypes[i]);
+            }
           } else {
             if (curFnArg !== parameterTypes[i] && parameterTypes[i] !== TypeAny) {
               found = false;
@@ -92,7 +127,9 @@ export class BuiltinFunction {
           }
         }
         if (found) {
-          fn._realReturnType = returnType;
+          fn._realReturnType = isGenericType(fn._returnType)
+            ? resolvedReturnType
+            : (fn._returnType as NonGenericGalaceanType);
           return fn;
         }
       }
@@ -300,13 +337,14 @@ BuiltinFunction._create("textureLod", EGenType.GVec4, EGenType.GSampler3D, Keywo
 BuiltinFunction._create("textureLod", EGenType.GVec4, EGenType.GSamplerCube, Keyword.VEC3, Keyword.FLOAT);
 BuiltinFunction._create("textureLod", Keyword.FLOAT, Keyword.SAMPLER2D_SHADOW, Keyword.VEC3, Keyword.FLOAT);
 BuiltinFunction._create("textureLod", EGenType.GVec4, EGenType.GSampler2DArray, Keyword.VEC3, Keyword.FLOAT);
+BuiltinFunction._create("texture2DLod", Keyword.VEC4, Keyword.SAMPLER2D, Keyword.VEC2, Keyword.FLOAT);
 BuiltinFunction._create("texture2DLodEXT", EGenType.GVec4, EGenType.GSampler2D, Keyword.VEC2, Keyword.FLOAT);
 BuiltinFunction._create("texture2DLodEXT", EGenType.GVec4, EGenType.GSampler3D, Keyword.VEC3, Keyword.FLOAT);
 
-BuiltinFunction._create("textureCube", Keyword.SAMPLER_CUBE, Keyword.VEC3);
-BuiltinFunction._create("textureCube", Keyword.SAMPLER_CUBE, Keyword.VEC3, Keyword.FLOAT);
+BuiltinFunction._create("textureCube", Keyword.VEC4, Keyword.SAMPLER_CUBE, Keyword.VEC3);
+BuiltinFunction._create("textureCube", Keyword.VEC4, Keyword.SAMPLER_CUBE, Keyword.VEC3, Keyword.FLOAT);
 BuiltinFunction._create("textureCube", EGenType.GVec4, EGenType.GSamplerCube, Keyword.VEC3, Keyword.FLOAT);
-BuiltinFunction._create("textureCubeLod", Keyword.SAMPLER_CUBE, Keyword.VEC3, Keyword.FLOAT);
+BuiltinFunction._create("textureCubeLod", Keyword.VEC4, Keyword.SAMPLER_CUBE, Keyword.VEC3, Keyword.FLOAT);
 BuiltinFunction._create("textureCubeLodEXT", EGenType.GVec4, EGenType.GSamplerCube, Keyword.VEC3, Keyword.FLOAT);
 
 BuiltinFunction._create(
diff --git a/packages/shader/package.json b/packages/shader/package.json
index e7e7eff423..87f12b1510 100644
--- a/packages/shader/package.json
+++ b/packages/shader/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-shader",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/shader/src/global.d.ts b/packages/shader/src/global.d.ts
index d0abf1234f..8ce5f33757 100644
--- a/packages/shader/src/global.d.ts
+++ b/packages/shader/src/global.d.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ declare module "*.glsl" {
   export default value;
 }
 
-declare module "*.gs" {
+declare module "*.shader" {
   const value: string;
   export default value;
 }
diff --git a/packages/shader/src/shaders/PBR.gs b/packages/shader/src/shaders/PBR.shader
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/shader/src/shaders/PBR.gs
rename to packages/shader/src/shaders/PBR.shader
diff --git a/packages/shader/src/shaders/Transform.glsl b/packages/shader/src/shaders/Transform.glsl
index b5d1a52a68..1af76a0f0e 100644
--- a/packages/shader/src/shaders/Transform.glsl
+++ b/packages/shader/src/shaders/Transform.glsl
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 #ifndef TRANSFORM_INCLUDED
 #define TRANSFORM_INCLUDED
 
-mat4 renderer_LocalMat;
-mat4 renderer_ModelMat;
 mat4 camera_ViewMat;
 mat4 camera_ProjMat;
-mat4 renderer_MVMat;
-mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
-mat4 renderer_NormalMat;
+mat4 camera_VPMat;
 
 vec3 camera_Position;
-vec3 camera_Forward; 
+vec3 camera_Forward;
 vec4 camera_ProjectionParams;
 
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
+mat4 renderer_ModelMat;
+mat4 renderer_MVMat;
+mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+mat4 renderer_NormalMat;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/packages/shader/src/shaders/index.ts b/packages/shader/src/shaders/index.ts
index de23d2e392..3a0430c975 100644
--- a/packages/shader/src/shaders/index.ts
+++ b/packages/shader/src/shaders/index.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import Common from "./Common.glsl";
 import Fog from "./Fog.glsl";
 import Light from "./Light.glsl";
 import Normal from "./Normal.glsl";
-import PBRSource from "./PBR.gs";
+import PBRSource from "./PBR.shader";
 import Shadow from "./Shadow.glsl";
 import ShadowSampleTent from "./ShadowSampleTent.glsl";
 import Skin from "./Skin.glsl";
diff --git a/packages/shader/src/shaders/shadingPBR/VertexPBR.glsl b/packages/shader/src/shaders/shadingPBR/VertexPBR.glsl
index 134f2405f2..c9e964d6ec 100644
--- a/packages/shader/src/shaders/shadingPBR/VertexPBR.glsl
+++ b/packages/shader/src/shaders/shadingPBR/VertexPBR.glsl
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ VertexInputs getVertexInputs(Attributes attributes){
 
     // TBN world space
     #ifdef RENDERER_HAS_NORMAL
-        inputs.normalWS = normalize( mat3(renderer_NormalMat) * normal );
+        mat3 normalMat = mat3(renderer_NormalMat);
+        inputs.normalWS = normalize( normalMat * normal );
 
         #ifdef RENDERER_HAS_TANGENT
-            vec3 tangentWS = normalize( mat3(renderer_NormalMat) * tangent.xyz );
+            vec3 tangentWS = normalize( normalMat * tangent.xyz );
             vec3 bitangentWS = cross( inputs.normalWS, tangentWS ) * tangent.w;
 
             inputs.tangentWS = tangentWS;
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ VertexInputs getVertexInputs(Attributes attributes){
     vec4 positionWS = renderer_ModelMat * position;
     inputs.positionWS = positionWS.xyz / positionWS.w;
 
-     #if SCENE_FOG_MODE != 0
+    #if SCENE_FOG_MODE != 0
         vec4 positionVS = renderer_MVMat * position;
         inputs.positionVS = positionVS.xyz / positionVS.w;
     #endif
diff --git a/packages/ui/package.json b/packages/ui/package.json
index 4b51ee5bc2..a225b732c3 100644
--- a/packages/ui/package.json
+++ b/packages/ui/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-ui",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/Utils.ts b/packages/ui/src/Utils.ts
index f47e0a8053..60040d8e75 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/Utils.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/Utils.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,67 @@
-import { Entity } from "@galacean/engine";
+import { Entity, Matrix, Plane, Ray, Vector2, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine";
+import { UITransform } from "./component";
 import { RootCanvasModifyFlags, UICanvas } from "./component/UICanvas";
 import { GroupModifyFlags, UIGroup } from "./component/UIGroup";
+import { CanvasRenderMode } from "./enums/CanvasRenderMode";
 import { IElement } from "./interface/IElement";
 import { IGroupAble } from "./interface/IGroupAble";
 
 export class Utils {
+  static _tempRay: Ray = new Ray();
+  static _tempPlane: Plane = new Plane();
+  static _tempVec3: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+  static _tempMat: Matrix = new Matrix();
+
+  /**
+   * Local position of a screen point in the component
+   */
+  static screenToLocalPoint(position: Vector2, transform: UITransform, out: Vector3): Boolean {
+    const engine = transform.engine;
+    // Get root canvas
+    let entity = transform.entity;
+    let rootCanvas: UICanvas;
+    while (entity) {
+      // @ts-ignore
+      const components = entity._components;
+      for (let i = 0, n = components.length; i < n; i++) {
+        const component = components[i];
+        if (component.enabled && component instanceof UICanvas && component._isRootCanvas) {
+          rootCanvas = component;
+        }
+      }
+      entity = entity.parent;
+    }
+    if (!rootCanvas) return false;
+    // Calculate ray
+    const ray = this._tempRay;
+    switch (rootCanvas._realRenderMode) {
+      case CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceOverlay:
+        // Screen to world ( Assume that world units have a one-to-one relationship with pixel units )
+        ray.origin.set(position.x, engine.canvas.height - position.y, 1);
+        ray.direction.set(0, 0, -1);
+        break;
+      case CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceCamera:
+        rootCanvas.renderCamera.screenPointToRay(position, ray);
+        break;
+      default:
+        // World space not yet supported, see issue #2793
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Intersect ray with UI plane to get local coordinates
+    const plane = this._tempPlane;
+    const normal = plane.normal.copyFrom(transform.worldForward);
+    plane.distance = -Vector3.dot(normal, transform.worldPosition);
+    const curDistance = ray.intersectPlane(plane);
+    if (curDistance >= 0 && curDistance < Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
+      const hitPointWorld = ray.getPoint(curDistance, this._tempVec3);
+      const worldMatrixInv = this._tempMat;
+      Matrix.invert(transform.worldMatrix, worldMatrixInv);
+      Vector3.transformCoordinate(hitPointWorld, worldMatrixInv, out);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
   static setRootCanvasDirty(element: IElement): void {
     if (element._isRootCanvasDirty) return;
     element._isRootCanvasDirty = true;
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/component/UICanvas.ts b/packages/ui/src/component/UICanvas.ts
index 9e5b33c405..77dad56014 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/component/UICanvas.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/component/UICanvas.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import { ResolutionAdaptationMode } from "../enums/ResolutionAdaptationMode";
 import { UIHitResult } from "../input/UIHitResult";
 import { IElement } from "../interface/IElement";
 import { IGroupAble } from "../interface/IGroupAble";
+import { RectMask2D } from "./advanced/RectMask2D";
 import { UIGroup } from "./UIGroup";
 import { UIRenderer } from "./UIRenderer";
 import { UITransform } from "./UITransform";
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ export class UICanvas extends Component implements IElement {
   /** @internal */
   static _hierarchyCounter: number = 1;
   private static _tempGroupAbleList: IGroupAble[] = [];
+  private static _tempRectMaskList: RectMask2D[] = [];
   private static _tempVec3: Vector3 = new Vector3();
   private static _tempMat: Matrix = new Matrix();
 
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ export class UICanvas extends Component implements IElement {
   _isRootCanvas: boolean = false;
   /** @internal */
   @ignoreClone
-  _renderElement: any;
+  _renderElements: any[] = [];
   /** @internal */
   @ignoreClone
   _sortDistance: number = 0;
@@ -307,11 +309,10 @@ export class UICanvas extends Component implements IElement {
     const { engine, _realRenderMode: mode } = this;
     const { enableFrustumCulling, cullingMask, _frustum: frustum } = context.camera;
     const { frameCount } = engine.time;
-    // @ts-ignore
-    const renderElement = (this._renderElement = engine._renderElementPool.get());
+    const renderElements = this._renderElements;
+    renderElements.length = 0;
     const virtualCamera = context.virtualCamera;
     this._updateSortDistance(virtualCamera.isOrthographic, virtualCamera.position, virtualCamera.forward);
-    renderElement.set(this.sortOrder, this._sortDistance);
     const { width, height } = engine.canvas;
     const renderers = this._getRenderers();
     for (let i = 0, n = renderers.length; i < n; i++) {
@@ -418,7 +419,8 @@ export class UICanvas extends Component implements IElement {
     const { _orderedRenderers: renderers, entity } = this;
     const uiHierarchyVersion = entity._uiHierarchyVersion;
     if (this._hierarchyVersion !== uiHierarchyVersion) {
-      renderers.length = this._walk(this.entity, renderers);
+      UICanvas._tempRectMaskList.length = 0;
+      renderers.length = this._walk(this.entity, renderers, 0, null, 0);
       UICanvas._tempGroupAbleList.length = 0;
       this._hierarchyVersion = uiHierarchyVersion;
       ++UICanvas._hierarchyCounter;
@@ -500,10 +502,18 @@ export class UICanvas extends Component implements IElement {
     transform.size.set(curWidth / expectX, curHeight / expectY);
   }
 
-  private _walk(entity: Entity, renderers: UIRenderer[], depth = 0, group: UIGroup = null): number {
+  private _walk(
+    entity: Entity,
+    renderers: UIRenderer[],
+    depth = 0,
+    group: UIGroup = null,
+    rectMaskCount: number = 0
+  ): number {
     // @ts-ignore
     const components: Component[] = entity._components;
     const tempGroupAbleList = UICanvas._tempGroupAbleList;
+    const tempRectMaskList = UICanvas._tempRectMaskList;
+    let rectMask: RectMask2D = null;
     let groupAbleCount = 0;
     for (let i = 0, n = components.length; i < n; i++) {
       const component = components[i];
@@ -515,11 +525,14 @@ export class UICanvas extends Component implements IElement {
         if (component._isGroupDirty) {
           tempGroupAbleList[groupAbleCount++] = component;
         }
+        component._setRectMasks(tempRectMaskList, rectMaskCount);
       } else if (component instanceof UIInteractive) {
         component._isRootCanvasDirty && Utils.setRootCanvas(component, this);
         if (component._isGroupDirty) {
           tempGroupAbleList[groupAbleCount++] = component;
         }
+      } else if (component instanceof RectMask2D) {
+        rectMask = component;
       } else if (component instanceof UIGroup) {
         component._isRootCanvasDirty && Utils.setRootCanvas(component, this);
         component._isGroupDirty && Utils.setGroup(component, group);
@@ -529,10 +542,13 @@ export class UICanvas extends Component implements IElement {
     for (let i = 0; i < groupAbleCount; i++) {
       Utils.setGroup(tempGroupAbleList[i], group);
     }
+    if (rectMask) {
+      tempRectMaskList[rectMaskCount++] = rectMask;
+    }
     const children = entity.children;
     for (let i = 0, n = children.length; i < n; i++) {
       const child = children[i];
-      child.isActive && (depth = this._walk(child, renderers, depth, group));
+      child.isActive && (depth = this._walk(child, renderers, depth, group, rectMaskCount));
     }
     return depth;
   }
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/component/UIRenderer.ts b/packages/ui/src/component/UIRenderer.ts
index 59a2fc434c..527ad3bd23 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/component/UIRenderer.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/component/UIRenderer.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import {
-  BatchUtils,
+  VertexMergeBatcher,
   Color,
   DependentMode,
   Entity,
@@ -11,22 +11,28 @@ import {
   RendererUpdateFlags,
   ShaderMacroCollection,
   ShaderProperty,
+  SpriteMaskInteraction,
+  SpriteMaskLayer,
   Vector3,
   Vector4,
   assignmentClone,
   deepClone,
   dependentComponents,
-  ignoreClone
+  ignoreClone,
+  Vector2
 } from "@galacean/engine";
 import { Utils } from "../Utils";
 import { UIHitResult } from "../input/UIHitResult";
 import { IGraphics } from "../interface/IGraphics";
+import { RectMask2D } from "./advanced/RectMask2D";
 import { EntityUIModifyFlags, UICanvas } from "./UICanvas";
 import { GroupModifyFlags, UIGroup } from "./UIGroup";
 import { UITransform } from "./UITransform";
 
 @dependentComponents(UITransform, DependentMode.AutoAdd)
 export class UIRenderer extends Renderer implements IGraphics {
+  /** @internal */
+  static _tempVec20: Vector2 = new Vector2();
   /** @internal */
   static _tempVec30: Vector3 = new Vector3();
   /** @internal */
@@ -37,6 +43,16 @@ export class UIRenderer extends Renderer implements IGraphics {
   static _tempPlane: Plane = new Plane();
   /** @internal */
   static _textureProperty: ShaderProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_UITexture");
+  /** @internal */
+  static _rectClipRectProperty: ShaderProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_UIRectClipRect");
+  /** @internal */
+  static _rectClipEnabledProperty: ShaderProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_UIRectClipEnabled");
+  /** @internal */
+  static _rectClipSoftnessProperty: ShaderProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_UIRectClipSoftness");
+  /** @internal */
+  static _rectClipHardClipProperty: ShaderProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_UIRectClipHardClip");
+  /** @internal */
+  static _tempRect: Vector4 = new Vector4();
 
   /**
    * Custom boundary for raycast detection.
@@ -69,9 +85,24 @@ export class UIRenderer extends Renderer implements IGraphics {
   /** @internal */
   @ignoreClone
   _subChunk;
+  /** @internal */
+  @ignoreClone
+  _rectMasks: RectMask2D[] = [];
+  /** @internal */
+  @ignoreClone
+  _rectMaskRect: Vector4 = new Vector4();
+  /** @internal */
+  @ignoreClone
+  _rectMaskEnabled: boolean = false;
+  /** @internal */
+  @ignoreClone
+  _rectMaskSoftness: Vector4 = new Vector4();
+  /** @internal */
+  @ignoreClone
+  _rectMaskHardClip: boolean = false;
 
   @assignmentClone
-  private _raycastEnabled: boolean = true;
+  private _raycastEnabled: boolean = false;
   @deepClone
   protected _color: Color = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
 
@@ -88,6 +119,30 @@ export class UIRenderer extends Renderer implements IGraphics {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * The mask layer the ui renderer belongs to.
+   */
+  get maskLayer(): SpriteMaskLayer {
+    return this._maskLayer;
+  }
+
+  set maskLayer(value: SpriteMaskLayer) {
+    this._maskLayer = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Interacts with the masks.
+   */
+  get maskInteraction(): SpriteMaskInteraction {
+    return this._maskInteraction;
+  }
+
+  set maskInteraction(value: SpriteMaskInteraction) {
+    if (this._maskInteraction !== value) {
+      this._maskInteraction = value;
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Whether this renderer be picked up by raycast.
    */
@@ -110,22 +165,25 @@ export class UIRenderer extends Renderer implements IGraphics {
     this._color._onValueChanged = this._onColorChanged;
     this._groupListener = this._groupListener.bind(this);
     this._rootCanvasListener = this._rootCanvasListener.bind(this);
+    this.shaderData.setFloat(UIRenderer._rectClipEnabledProperty, 0);
+    this.shaderData.setVector4(UIRenderer._rectClipSoftnessProperty, this._rectMaskSoftness);
+    this.shaderData.setFloat(UIRenderer._rectClipHardClipProperty, 0);
   }
 
   // @ts-ignore
-  override _canBatch(elementA, elementB): boolean {
-    return BatchUtils.canBatchSprite(elementA, elementB);
+  override _canBatch(preElement, curElement): boolean {
+    return VertexMergeBatcher.canBatchSprite(preElement, curElement);
   }
 
   // @ts-ignore
-  override _batch(elementA, elementB?): void {
-    BatchUtils.batchFor2D(elementA, elementB);
+  override _batch(preElement, curElement): void {
+    VertexMergeBatcher.batch(preElement, curElement);
   }
 
   // @ts-ignore
-  override _updateTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP: boolean, batched: boolean): void {
+  override _updateTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP: boolean): void {
     // @ts-ignore
-    super._updateTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP, true);
+    this._updateWorldSpaceTransformShaderData(context, onlyMVP);
   }
 
   // @ts-ignore
@@ -135,6 +193,7 @@ export class UIRenderer extends Renderer implements IGraphics {
       this._update(context);
     }
 
+    this._updateRectMaskClipState();
     this._render(context);
 
     // union camera global macro and renderer macro.
@@ -237,6 +296,17 @@ export class UIRenderer extends Renderer implements IGraphics {
     return this.engine._batcherManager.primitiveChunkManagerUI;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _setRectMasks(rectMasks: RectMask2D[], count: number): void {
+    const targetMasks = this._rectMasks;
+    targetMasks.length = count;
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      targetMasks[i] = rectMasks[i];
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * @internal
    */
@@ -252,7 +322,11 @@ export class UIRenderer extends Renderer implements IGraphics {
       Matrix.invert(transform.worldMatrix, worldMatrixInv);
       const localPosition = UIRenderer._tempVec31;
       Vector3.transformCoordinate(hitPointWorld, worldMatrixInv, localPosition);
-      if (this._hitTest(localPosition)) {
+      if (
+        this._hitTest(localPosition) &&
+        this._isRaycastVisibleByRectMask(hitPointWorld) &&
+        this._isRaycastVisibleByMask(hitPointWorld)
+      ) {
         out.component = this;
         out.distance = curDistance;
         out.entity = this.entity;
@@ -278,6 +352,143 @@ export class UIRenderer extends Renderer implements IGraphics {
     );
   }
 
+  private _isRaycastVisibleByMask(hitPointWorld: Vector3): boolean {
+    const maskInteraction = this._maskInteraction;
+    if (maskInteraction === SpriteMaskInteraction.None) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    // @ts-ignore
+    return this.scene._maskManager.isVisibleByMask(maskInteraction, this._maskLayer, hitPointWorld);
+  }
+
+  private _isRaycastVisibleByRectMask(hitPointWorld: Vector3): boolean {
+    const rectMasks = this._rectMasks;
+    for (let i = 0, n = rectMasks.length; i < n; i++) {
+      const rectMask = rectMasks[i];
+      if (!rectMask.enabled || !rectMask.entity.isActiveInHierarchy) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (!rectMask._containsWorldPoint(hitPointWorld)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private _updateRectMaskClipState(): void {
+    const rectMasks = this._rectMasks;
+    const count = rectMasks.length;
+    if (count <= 0) {
+      this._resetRectMaskClipState();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let minX = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+    let minY = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+    let maxX = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+    let maxY = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+    let clipSoftnessLeft = 0;
+    let clipSoftnessBottom = 0;
+    let clipSoftnessRight = 0;
+    let clipSoftnessTop = 0;
+    let clipHardClip = false;
+    let hasActiveMask = false;
+    const tempRect = UIRenderer._tempRect;
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      const rectMask = rectMasks[i];
+      if (!rectMask.enabled || !rectMask.entity.isActiveInHierarchy) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      hasActiveMask = true;
+      const softness = rectMask.softness;
+      if (!clipHardClip && rectMask.alphaClip) {
+        clipHardClip = true;
+      }
+      if (!rectMask._getWorldRect(tempRect)) {
+        minX = 1;
+        minY = 1;
+        maxX = 0;
+        maxY = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      if (tempRect.x > minX) {
+        minX = tempRect.x;
+        clipSoftnessLeft = softness.x;
+      }
+      if (tempRect.y > minY) {
+        minY = tempRect.y;
+        clipSoftnessBottom = softness.y;
+      }
+      if (tempRect.z < maxX) {
+        maxX = tempRect.z;
+        clipSoftnessRight = softness.x;
+      }
+      if (tempRect.w < maxY) {
+        maxY = tempRect.w;
+        clipSoftnessTop = softness.y;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!hasActiveMask) {
+      this._resetRectMaskClipState();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (minX >= maxX || minY >= maxY) {
+      minX = 1;
+      minY = 1;
+      maxX = 0;
+      maxY = 0;
+      clipSoftnessLeft = 0;
+      clipSoftnessBottom = 0;
+      clipSoftnessRight = 0;
+      clipSoftnessTop = 0;
+    }
+
+    const rectMaskRect = this._rectMaskRect;
+    if (rectMaskRect.x !== minX || rectMaskRect.y !== minY || rectMaskRect.z !== maxX || rectMaskRect.w !== maxY) {
+      rectMaskRect.set(minX, minY, maxX, maxY);
+      this.shaderData.setVector4(UIRenderer._rectClipRectProperty, rectMaskRect);
+    }
+
+    const rectMaskSoftness = this._rectMaskSoftness;
+    if (
+      rectMaskSoftness.x !== clipSoftnessLeft ||
+      rectMaskSoftness.y !== clipSoftnessBottom ||
+      rectMaskSoftness.z !== clipSoftnessRight ||
+      rectMaskSoftness.w !== clipSoftnessTop
+    ) {
+      rectMaskSoftness.set(clipSoftnessLeft, clipSoftnessBottom, clipSoftnessRight, clipSoftnessTop);
+      this.shaderData.setVector4(UIRenderer._rectClipSoftnessProperty, rectMaskSoftness);
+    }
+
+    if (this._rectMaskHardClip !== clipHardClip) {
+      this._rectMaskHardClip = clipHardClip;
+      this.shaderData.setFloat(UIRenderer._rectClipHardClipProperty, clipHardClip ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+
+    if (!this._rectMaskEnabled) {
+      this._rectMaskEnabled = true;
+      this.shaderData.setFloat(UIRenderer._rectClipEnabledProperty, 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private _resetRectMaskClipState(): void {
+    if (this._rectMaskEnabled) {
+      this._rectMaskEnabled = false;
+      this.shaderData.setFloat(UIRenderer._rectClipEnabledProperty, 0);
+    }
+    const rectMaskSoftness = this._rectMaskSoftness;
+    if (rectMaskSoftness.x !== 0 || rectMaskSoftness.y !== 0 || rectMaskSoftness.z !== 0 || rectMaskSoftness.w !== 0) {
+      rectMaskSoftness.set(0, 0, 0, 0);
+      this.shaderData.setVector4(UIRenderer._rectClipSoftnessProperty, rectMaskSoftness);
+    }
+    if (this._rectMaskHardClip) {
+      this._rectMaskHardClip = false;
+      this.shaderData.setFloat(UIRenderer._rectClipHardClipProperty, 0);
+    }
+  }
+
   protected override _onDestroy(): void {
     if (this._subChunk) {
       this._getChunkManager().freeSubChunk(this._subChunk);
@@ -287,6 +498,8 @@ export class UIRenderer extends Renderer implements IGraphics {
     //@ts-ignore
     this._color._onValueChanged = null;
     this._color = null;
+    this._rectMasks = null;
+    this._rectMaskSoftness = null;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/component/UITransform.ts b/packages/ui/src/component/UITransform.ts
index 9144373472..28e0087575 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/component/UITransform.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/component/UITransform.ts
@@ -251,7 +251,49 @@ export class UITransform extends Transform {
    */
   _parentChange(): void {
     this._isParentDirty = true;
-    this._updateWorldFlagWithParentRectChange(TransformModifyFlags.WmWpWeWqWsWus);
+    // Reparent invalidates the world state of the entire subtree:
+    // 1) `_updateWorldFlagWithParentRectChange` has an early-exit that skips
+    //    propagation when self's world dirty flags are already all set —
+    //    invalid after reparent.
+    // 2) Descendants may have cached a stale `_parentTransformCache`
+    //    (e.g. `_getParentTransform` called while ancestor chain was partially
+    //    constructed during clone/instantiate). Force them to re-resolve on
+    //    next access.
+    this._propagateReparentDirtyUI(TransformModifyFlags.WmWpWeWqWsWus);
+  }
+
+  private _propagateReparentDirtyUI(flags: number): void {
+    let selfChange = false;
+    const { _horizontalAlignment: horizontalAlignment, _verticalAlignment: verticalAlignment } = this;
+    if (horizontalAlignment || verticalAlignment) {
+      if (
+        horizontalAlignment === HorizontalAlignmentMode.LeftAndRight ||
+        verticalAlignment === VerticalAlignmentMode.TopAndBottom
+      ) {
+        this._updateSizeByAlignment();
+        this._updateRectBySizeAndPivot();
+        selfChange = true;
+      }
+      this._updatePositionByAlignment();
+      this._setDirtyFlagTrue(TransformModifyFlags.LocalMatrix);
+      flags |= TransformModifyFlags.WmWp;
+    }
+    this._worldAssociatedChange(flags);
+    const children = this.entity.children;
+    for (let i = 0, n = children.length; i < n; i++) {
+      const transform = children[i].transform as any;
+      if (!transform) continue;
+      transform._isParentDirty = true;
+      if (typeof transform._propagateReparentDirtyUI === "function") {
+        transform._propagateReparentDirtyUI(flags);
+      } else if (typeof transform._propagateReparentDirty === "function") {
+        transform._propagateReparentDirty(flags);
+      }
+    }
+    if (selfChange) {
+      // @ts-ignore
+      this._entity._updateFlagManager.dispatch(UITransformModifyFlags.Size);
+    }
   }
 
   // @ts-ignore
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Image.ts b/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Image.ts
index b8ca6ffe55..cfb2cf41ff 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Image.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Image.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 import {
   BoundingBox,
   Entity,
+  FilledSpriteAssembler,
   ISpriteAssembler,
   ISpriteRenderer,
   MathUtil,
-  RenderQueueFlags,
   RendererUpdateFlags,
   SimpleSpriteAssembler,
   SlicedSpriteAssembler,
   Sprite,
   SpriteDrawMode,
+  SpriteFilledMode,
+  SpriteFilledOrigin,
   SpriteModifyFlags,
   SpriteTileMode,
   TiledSpriteAssembler,
@@ -35,6 +37,14 @@ export class Image extends UIRenderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
   private _tileMode: SpriteTileMode = SpriteTileMode.Continuous;
   @assignmentClone
   private _tiledAdaptiveThreshold: number = 0.5;
+  @assignmentClone
+  private _filledMode: SpriteFilledMode = SpriteFilledMode.Radial360;
+  @assignmentClone
+  private _filledAmount: number = 1;
+  @assignmentClone
+  private _filledOrigin: SpriteFilledOrigin = SpriteFilledOrigin.Bottom;
+  @assignmentClone
+  private _filledClockWise: boolean = true;
 
   /**
    * The draw mode of the image.
@@ -56,6 +66,9 @@ export class Image extends UIRenderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
         case SpriteDrawMode.Tiled:
           this._assembler = TiledSpriteAssembler;
           break;
+        case SpriteDrawMode.Filled:
+          this._assembler = FilledSpriteAssembler;
+          break;
         default:
           break;
       }
@@ -97,6 +110,73 @@ export class Image extends UIRenderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * The fill amount of the image, range from 0 to 1. (Only works in filled mode.)
+   */
+  get filledAmount(): number {
+    return this._filledAmount;
+  }
+
+  set filledAmount(value: number) {
+    value = MathUtil.clamp(value, 0, 1);
+    if (this._filledAmount !== value) {
+      this._filledAmount = value;
+      if (this._drawMode === SpriteDrawMode.Filled) {
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= ImageUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeAndUV;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The fill mode of the image. (Only works in filled mode.)
+   */
+  get filledMode(): SpriteFilledMode {
+    return this._filledMode;
+  }
+
+  set filledMode(value: SpriteFilledMode) {
+    if (this._filledMode !== value) {
+      this._filledMode = value;
+      this._filledOrigin =
+        value === SpriteFilledMode.Radial90 ? SpriteFilledOrigin.BottomLeft : SpriteFilledOrigin.Bottom;
+      if (this._drawMode === SpriteDrawMode.Filled) {
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= ImageUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeAndUV;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The fill origin of the image. (Only works in filled mode.)
+   */
+  get filledOrigin(): SpriteFilledOrigin {
+    return this._filledOrigin;
+  }
+
+  set filledOrigin(value: SpriteFilledOrigin) {
+    if (this._filledOrigin !== value) {
+      this._filledOrigin = value;
+      if (this._drawMode === SpriteDrawMode.Filled) {
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= ImageUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeAndUV;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the fill is clockwise. (Only works in filled radial mode.)
+   */
+  get filledClockWise(): boolean {
+    return this._filledClockWise;
+  }
+
+  set filledClockWise(value: boolean) {
+    if (this._filledClockWise !== value) {
+      this._filledClockWise = value;
+      if (this._drawMode === SpriteDrawMode.Filled) {
+        this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= ImageUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeAndUV;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * The Sprite to render.
    */
@@ -236,16 +316,16 @@ export class Image extends UIRenderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
     }
 
     this._dirtyUpdateFlag = dirtyUpdateFlag;
-    // Init sub render element.
     const { engine } = context.camera;
-    const subRenderElement = engine._subRenderElementPool.get();
+    const renderElement = engine._renderElementPool.get();
     const subChunk = this._subChunk;
-    subRenderElement.set(this, material, subChunk.chunk.primitive, subChunk.subMesh, this.sprite.texture, subChunk);
+    renderElement.set(this, material, subChunk.chunk.primitive, subChunk.subMesh, this.sprite.texture, subChunk);
     if (canvas._realRenderMode === CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceOverlay) {
-      subRenderElement.shaderPasses = material.shader.subShaders[0].passes;
-      subRenderElement.renderQueueFlags = RenderQueueFlags.All;
+      renderElement.subShader = material.shader.subShaders[0];
     }
-    canvas._renderElement.addSubRenderElement(subRenderElement);
+    renderElement.priority = canvas.sortOrder;
+    renderElement.distanceForSort = canvas._sortDistance;
+    canvas._renderElements.push(renderElement);
   }
 
   @ignoreClone
@@ -281,6 +361,9 @@ export class Image extends UIRenderer implements ISpriteRenderer {
           case SpriteDrawMode.Tiled:
             this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= ImageUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeUVAndColor;
             break;
+          case SpriteDrawMode.Filled:
+            this._dirtyUpdateFlag |= ImageUpdateFlags.WorldVolumeUVAndColor;
+            break;
           default:
             break;
         }
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Mask.ts b/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Mask.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cff2fd85ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Mask.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { BoundingBox, Entity, MaskRenderable, Vector2 } from "@galacean/engine";
+import type { IMaskRenderable } from "@galacean/engine";
+import { UIRenderer } from "../UIRenderer";
+import { UITransform } from "../UITransform";
+
+/**
+ * UI component that uses a sprite to mask child UI renderers via stencil.
+ */
+export class Mask extends MaskRenderable(UIRenderer) {
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  override _getChunkManager() {
+    // @ts-ignore
+    return this.engine._batcherManager.primitiveChunkManagerMask;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  constructor(entity: Entity) {
+    super(entity);
+    this._initMask();
+    this.raycastEnabled = false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  // @ts-ignore
+  _cloneTo(target: Mask): void {
+    // @ts-ignore
+    super._cloneTo(target);
+    this._cloneMaskData(target);
+  }
+
+  protected override _updateBounds(worldBounds: BoundingBox): void {
+    const rootCanvas = this._getRootCanvas();
+    if (this.sprite && rootCanvas) {
+      this._updateMaskBounds(worldBounds);
+    } else {
+      const { worldPosition } = this._transformEntity.transform;
+      worldBounds.min.copyFrom(worldPosition);
+      worldBounds.max.copyFrom(worldPosition);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @inheritdoc
+   */
+  protected override _render(context): void {
+    this._renderMask(0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @inheritdoc
+   */
+  protected override _onDestroy(): void {
+    this._destroyMaskResources();
+
+    super._onDestroy();
+
+    if (this._subChunk) {
+      this._getChunkManager().freeSubChunk(this._subChunk);
+      this._subChunk = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  override _getSpriteWidth(): number {
+    return (<UITransform>this._transformEntity.transform).size.x;
+  }
+
+  override _getSpriteHeight(): number {
+    return (<UITransform>this._transformEntity.transform).size.y;
+  }
+
+  override _getSpritePivot(): Vector2 {
+    return (<UITransform>this._transformEntity.transform).pivot;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/RectMask2D.ts b/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/RectMask2D.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9cba135e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/RectMask2D.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+import {
+  Component,
+  DependentMode,
+  Entity,
+  Vector2,
+  Vector3,
+  Vector4,
+  assignmentClone,
+  deepClone,
+  dependentComponents
+} from "@galacean/engine";
+import { UICanvas } from "../UICanvas";
+import { UITransform } from "../UITransform";
+
+/**
+ * UI component that clips descendant graphics by an axis-aligned rectangle.
+ */
+@dependentComponents(UITransform, DependentMode.AutoAdd)
+export class RectMask2D extends Component {
+  private static _tempRect: Vector4 = new Vector4();
+  private static _tempCorner0: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+  private static _tempCorner1: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+  private static _tempCorner2: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+  private static _tempCorner3: Vector3 = new Vector3();
+
+  @deepClone
+  private _softness: Vector2 = new Vector2(0, 0);
+  @assignmentClone
+  private _alphaClip: boolean = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Soft clipping width on X/Y axis in world space.
+   */
+  get softness(): Vector2 {
+    return this._softness;
+  }
+
+  set softness(value: Vector2) {
+    const softness = this._softness;
+    if (softness === value) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (softness.x !== value.x || softness.y !== value.y) {
+      softness.copyFrom(value);
+      this._clampSoftness();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Whether to enable hard clip (discard) when outside the rect.
+   */
+  get alphaClip(): boolean {
+    return this._alphaClip;
+  }
+
+  set alphaClip(value: boolean) {
+    this._alphaClip = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _getWorldRect(out: Vector4): boolean {
+    const transform = <UITransform>this.entity.transform;
+    const { x: width, y: height } = transform.size;
+    if (!width || !height) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const { x: pivotX, y: pivotY } = transform.pivot;
+    const left = -width * pivotX;
+    const right = width * (1 - pivotX);
+    const bottom = -height * pivotY;
+    const top = height * (1 - pivotY);
+
+    const worldMatrix = transform.worldMatrix;
+    const corner0 = RectMask2D._tempCorner0;
+    const corner1 = RectMask2D._tempCorner1;
+    const corner2 = RectMask2D._tempCorner2;
+    const corner3 = RectMask2D._tempCorner3;
+    Vector3.transformCoordinate(corner0.set(left, bottom, 0), worldMatrix, corner0);
+    Vector3.transformCoordinate(corner1.set(left, top, 0), worldMatrix, corner1);
+    Vector3.transformCoordinate(corner2.set(right, bottom, 0), worldMatrix, corner2);
+    Vector3.transformCoordinate(corner3.set(right, top, 0), worldMatrix, corner3);
+
+    const minX = Math.min(corner0.x, corner1.x, corner2.x, corner3.x);
+    const minY = Math.min(corner0.y, corner1.y, corner2.y, corner3.y);
+    const maxX = Math.max(corner0.x, corner1.x, corner2.x, corner3.x);
+    const maxY = Math.max(corner0.y, corner1.y, corner2.y, corner3.y);
+    out.set(minX, minY, maxX, maxY);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _containsWorldPoint(worldPoint: Vector3): boolean {
+    const worldRect = RectMask2D._tempRect;
+    if (!this._getWorldRect(worldRect)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const { x, y } = worldPoint;
+    return x >= worldRect.x && x <= worldRect.z && y >= worldRect.y && y <= worldRect.w;
+  }
+
+  constructor(entity: Entity) {
+    super(entity);
+    this._onSoftnessChanged = this._onSoftnessChanged.bind(this);
+    // @ts-ignore
+    this._softness._onValueChanged = this._onSoftnessChanged;
+  }
+
+  // @ts-ignore
+  override _onEnableInScene(): void {
+    this.entity._updateUIHierarchyVersion(UICanvas._hierarchyCounter);
+  }
+
+  // @ts-ignore
+  override _onDisableInScene(): void {
+    this.entity._updateUIHierarchyVersion(UICanvas._hierarchyCounter);
+  }
+
+  // @ts-ignore
+  override _cloneTo(target: RectMask2D): void {
+    // RectMask2D extends Component directly; Component.prototype 上没有 _cloneTo，
+    // 不能 super._cloneTo(target) — 会拿到 undefined 报 "Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'call')"。
+    // (Image/Mask 走 Renderer 链路所以能 super；RectMask2D 不在 Renderer 链路里。)
+    const targetSoftness = target._softness;
+    // @ts-ignore
+    targetSoftness._onValueChanged = null;
+    targetSoftness.copyFrom(this._softness);
+    target._clampSoftness();
+    // @ts-ignore
+    targetSoftness._onValueChanged = target._onSoftnessChanged;
+  }
+
+  protected override _onDestroy(): void {
+    // @ts-ignore
+    this._softness._onValueChanged = null;
+    this._softness = null;
+    super._onDestroy();
+  }
+
+  private _onSoftnessChanged(): void {
+    this._clampSoftness();
+  }
+
+  private _clampSoftness(): void {
+    const softness = this._softness;
+    if (softness.x < 0) {
+      softness.x = 0;
+    }
+    if (softness.y < 0) {
+      softness.y = 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Text.ts b/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Text.ts
index 0eb5edeb93..638fc2e97d 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Text.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/component/advanced/Text.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import {
   BoundingBox,
   CharRenderInfo,
+  Color,
   Engine,
   Entity,
   Font,
   FontStyle,
   ITextRenderer,
   OverflowMode,
-  RenderQueueFlags,
   RendererUpdateFlags,
   ShaderData,
   ShaderDataGroup,
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ import {
   TextVerticalAlignment,
   Texture2D,
   Vector3,
+  VertexMergeBatcher,
   assignmentClone,
+  deepClone,
   ignoreClone
 } from "@galacean/engine";
 import { CanvasRenderMode } from "../../enums/CanvasRenderMode";
@@ -31,6 +33,9 @@ import { UITransform, UITransformModifyFlags } from "../UITransform";
  */
 export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
   private static _textTextureProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderElement_TextTexture");
+  private static _textTextureSizeProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderElement_TextTextureSize");
+  private static _outlineColorProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_OutlineColor");
+  private static _outlineWidthProperty = ShaderProperty.getByName("renderer_OutlineWidth");
   private static _worldPositions = [new Vector3(), new Vector3(), new Vector3(), new Vector3()];
   private static _charRenderInfos: CharRenderInfo[] = [];
 
@@ -60,6 +65,10 @@ export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
   private _enableWrapping: boolean = false;
   @assignmentClone
   private _overflowMode: OverflowMode = OverflowMode.Overflow;
+  @deepClone
+  private _outlineColor: Color = new Color(0, 0, 0, 1);
+  @ignoreClone
+  private _outlineWidth: number = 0;
 
   /**
    * Rendering string for the Text.
@@ -206,14 +215,32 @@ export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
   }
 
   /**
-   * The mask layer the sprite renderer belongs to.
+   * The outline width in pixels. 0 means outline is disabled. Clamped to [0, 8].
+   */
+  get outlineWidth(): number {
+    return this._outlineWidth;
+  }
+
+  set outlineWidth(value: number) {
+    value = Math.max(0, Math.min(value, 3));
+    if (this._outlineWidth !== value) {
+      this._outlineWidth = value;
+      this.shaderData.setFloat(Text._outlineWidthProperty, value);
+      this._setDirtyFlagTrue(DirtyFlag.Position);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The outline color. Only effective when outlineWidth > 0.
    */
-  get maskLayer(): number {
-    return this._maskLayer;
+  get outlineColor(): Color {
+    return this._outlineColor;
   }
 
-  set maskLayer(value: number) {
-    this._maskLayer = value;
+  set outlineColor(value: Color) {
+    if (this._outlineColor !== value) {
+      this._outlineColor.copyFrom(value);
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -247,6 +274,11 @@ export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
     this.raycastEnabled = false;
     // @ts-ignore
     this.setMaterial(engine._basicResources.textDefaultMaterial);
+    const shaderData = this.shaderData;
+    shaderData.setFloat(Text._outlineWidthProperty, this._outlineWidth);
+    shaderData.setColor(Text._outlineColorProperty, this._outlineColor);
+    // @ts-ignore
+    this._outlineColor._onValueChanged = this._onOutlineColorChanged.bind(this);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -272,6 +304,7 @@ export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
     super._cloneTo(target);
     target.font = this._font;
     target._subFont = this._subFont;
+    target.outlineWidth = this._outlineWidth;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -310,10 +343,17 @@ export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
    */
   _onRootCanvasModify(flag: RootCanvasModifyFlags): void {
     if (flag === RootCanvasModifyFlags.ReferenceResolutionPerUnit) {
-      this._setDirtyFlagTrue(DirtyFlag.LocalPositionBounds);
+      this._setDirtyFlagTrue(DirtyFlag.Position);
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  override _canBatch(preElement, curElement): boolean {
+    return VertexMergeBatcher.canBatchText(preElement, curElement);
+  }
+
   protected override _updateBounds(worldBounds: BoundingBox): void {
     const transform = <UITransform>this._transformEntity.transform;
     const { x: width, y: height } = transform.size;
@@ -350,23 +390,31 @@ export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
     }
 
     const engine = context.camera.engine;
-    const textSubRenderElementPool = engine._textSubRenderElementPool;
+    const textRenderElementPool = engine._textRenderElementPool;
     const material = this.getMaterial();
-    const renderElement = canvas._renderElement;
+    const renderElements = canvas._renderElements;
+    const priority = canvas.sortOrder;
+    const distanceForSort = canvas._sortDistance;
     const textChunks = this._textChunks;
     const isOverlay = canvas._realRenderMode === CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceOverlay;
+    const textTextureSize = Text._tempVec20;
     for (let i = 0, n = textChunks.length; i < n; ++i) {
       const { subChunk, texture } = textChunks[i];
-      const subRenderElement = textSubRenderElementPool.get();
-      subRenderElement.set(this, material, subChunk.chunk.primitive, subChunk.subMesh, texture, subChunk);
+      const renderElement = textRenderElementPool.get();
+      renderElement.set(this, material, subChunk.chunk.primitive, subChunk.subMesh, texture, subChunk);
       // @ts-ignore
-      subRenderElement.shaderData ||= new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.RenderElement);
-      subRenderElement.shaderData.setTexture(Text._textTextureProperty, texture);
+      renderElement.shaderData ||= new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.RenderElement);
+      renderElement.shaderData.setTexture(Text._textTextureProperty, texture);
+      renderElement.shaderData.setVector2(
+        Text._textTextureSizeProperty,
+        textTextureSize.set(texture.width, texture.height)
+      );
       if (isOverlay) {
-        subRenderElement.shaderPasses = material.shader.subShaders[0].passes;
-        subRenderElement.renderQueueFlags = RenderQueueFlags.All;
+        renderElement.subShader = material.shader.subShaders[0];
       }
-      renderElement.addSubRenderElement(subRenderElement);
+      renderElement.priority = priority;
+      renderElement.distanceForSort = distanceForSort;
+      renderElements.push(renderElement);
     }
   }
 
@@ -532,10 +580,11 @@ export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
               charRenderInfo.texture = charFont._getTextureByIndex(charInfo.index);
               charRenderInfo.uvs = charInfo.uvs;
               const { w, ascent, descent } = charInfo;
-              const left = (startX + offsetWidth) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
-              const right = (startX + w + offsetWidth) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
-              const top = (startY + ascent + offsetHeight) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
-              const bottom = (startY - descent + offsetHeight) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
+              const ow = this._outlineWidth * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal;
+              const left = (startX + offsetWidth) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal - ow;
+              const right = (startX + w + offsetWidth) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal + ow;
+              const top = (startY + ascent + offsetHeight) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal + ow;
+              const bottom = (startY - descent + offsetHeight) * pixelsPerUnitReciprocal - ow;
               localPositions.set(left, top, right, bottom);
               i === firstLine && (maxY = Math.max(maxY, top));
               minY = Math.min(minY, bottom);
@@ -632,6 +681,10 @@ export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
     const vertices = subChunk.chunk.vertices;
     const indices = (subChunk.indices = []);
     const charRenderInfos = textChunk.charRenderInfos;
+    const ow = this._outlineWidth;
+    const texture = textChunk.texture;
+    const owU = ow > 0 ? ow / texture.width : 0;
+    const owV = ow > 0 ? ow / texture.height : 0;
     for (let i = 0, ii = 0, io = 0, vo = subChunk.vertexArea.start + 3; i < count; ++i, io += 4) {
       const charRenderInfo = charRenderInfos[i];
       charRenderInfo.indexInChunk = i;
@@ -641,10 +694,13 @@ export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
         indices[ii++] = tempIndices[j] + io;
       }
 
-      // Set uv and color for vertices
+      // Set uv and color for vertices, expand uv outward by outline width
       for (let j = 0; j < 4; ++j, vo += 9) {
         const uv = charRenderInfo.uvs[j];
-        uv.copyToArray(vertices, vo);
+        const su = j === 1 || j === 2 ? 1 : -1;
+        const sv = j >= 2 ? 1 : -1;
+        vertices[vo] = uv.x + owU * su;
+        vertices[vo + 1] = uv.y + owV * sv;
         vertices[vo + 2] = r;
         vertices[vo + 3] = g;
         vertices[vo + 4] = b;
@@ -673,6 +729,11 @@ export class Text extends UIRenderer implements ITextRenderer {
     }
     textChunks.length = 0;
   }
+
+  @ignoreClone
+  private _onOutlineColorChanged(): void {
+    this.shaderData.setColor(Text._outlineColorProperty, this._outlineColor);
+  }
 }
 
 class TextChunk {
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/component/index.ts b/packages/ui/src/component/index.ts
index 1f89431265..8329d1f39a 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/component/index.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/component/index.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-export { UICanvas } from "./UICanvas";
-export { UIGroup } from "./UIGroup";
-export { UIRenderer } from "./UIRenderer";
-export { UITransform } from "./UITransform";
 export { Button } from "./advanced/Button";
 export { Image } from "./advanced/Image";
+export { Mask } from "./advanced/Mask";
+export { RectMask2D } from "./advanced/RectMask2D";
 export { Text } from "./advanced/Text";
 export { ColorTransition } from "./interactive/transition/ColorTransition";
 export { ScaleTransition } from "./interactive/transition/ScaleTransition";
 export { SpriteTransition } from "./interactive/transition/SpriteTransition";
 export { Transition } from "./interactive/transition/Transition";
+export { UICanvas } from "./UICanvas";
+export { UIGroup } from "./UIGroup";
+export { UIRenderer } from "./UIRenderer";
+export { UITransform } from "./UITransform";
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/input/UIPointerEventEmitter.ts b/packages/ui/src/input/UIPointerEventEmitter.ts
index 83bf8f1484..d36e529876 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/input/UIPointerEventEmitter.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/input/UIPointerEventEmitter.ts
@@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ export class UIPointerEventEmitter extends PointerEventEmitter {
           }
         }
         if (camera.clearFlags & CameraClearFlags.Color) {
-          this._updateRaycast(null);
+          this._updateRaycast(null, pointer);
           return;
         }
       }
-      this._updateRaycast(null);
+      this._updateRaycast(null, pointer);
     }
   }
 
@@ -128,10 +128,7 @@ export class UIPointerEventEmitter extends PointerEventEmitter {
       if (pressedPath.length > 0) {
         const common = UIPointerEventEmitter._tempArray0;
         if (this._findCommonInPath(enteredPath, pressedPath, common)) {
-          const eventData = this._createEventData(pointer);
-          for (let i = 0, n = common.length; i < n; i++) {
-            this._fireClick(common[i], eventData);
-          }
+          this._bubble(common, pointer, this._fireClick);
           common.length = 0;
         }
       }
@@ -170,18 +167,17 @@ export class UIPointerEventEmitter extends PointerEventEmitter {
     this._enteredPath.length = this._pressedPath.length = this._draggedPath.length = 0;
   }
 
-  private _updateRaycast(element: UIRenderer, pointer: Pointer = null): void {
+  private _updateRaycast(element: UIRenderer | null, pointer: Pointer): void {
     const enteredPath = this._enteredPath;
     const curPath = this._composedPath(element, UIPointerEventEmitter._path);
     const add = UIPointerEventEmitter._tempArray0;
     const del = UIPointerEventEmitter._tempArray1;
     if (this._findDiffInPath(enteredPath, curPath, add, del)) {
-      const eventData = this._createEventData(pointer);
       for (let i = 0, n = add.length; i < n; i++) {
-        this._fireEnter(add[i], eventData);
+        this._fireEnter(add[i], this._createEventData(pointer, add[i], add[i]));
       }
       for (let i = 0, n = del.length; i < n; i++) {
-        this._fireExit(del[i], eventData);
+        this._fireExit(del[i], this._createEventData(pointer, del[i], del[i]));
       }
 
       const length = (enteredPath.length = curPath.length);
@@ -193,7 +189,7 @@ export class UIPointerEventEmitter extends PointerEventEmitter {
     curPath.length = 0;
   }
 
-  private _composedPath(element: UIRenderer, path: Entity[]): Entity[] {
+  private _composedPath(element: UIRenderer | null, path: Entity[]): Entity[] {
     if (!element) {
       path.length = 0;
       return path;
@@ -256,8 +252,9 @@ export class UIPointerEventEmitter extends PointerEventEmitter {
   private _bubble(path: Entity[], pointer: Pointer, fireEvent: FireEvent): void {
     const length = path.length;
     if (length <= 0) return;
-    const eventData = this._createEventData(pointer);
+    const eventData = this._createEventData(pointer, path[0]);
     for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      eventData.currentTarget = path[i];
       fireEvent(path[i], eventData);
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/shader/global.d.ts b/packages/ui/src/shader/global.d.ts
index d0abf1234f..8ce5f33757 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/shader/global.d.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/src/shader/global.d.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ declare module "*.glsl" {
   export default value;
 }
 
-declare module "*.gs" {
+declare module "*.shader" {
   const value: string;
   export default value;
 }
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/shader/uiDefault.fs.glsl b/packages/ui/src/shader/uiDefault.fs.glsl
index e4028405de..aa4ca2e0e9 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/shader/uiDefault.fs.glsl
+++ b/packages/ui/src/shader/uiDefault.fs.glsl
@@ -1,14 +1,43 @@
 #include <common>
 uniform sampler2D renderer_UITexture;
+uniform vec4 renderer_UIRectClipRect;
+uniform float renderer_UIRectClipEnabled;
+uniform vec4 renderer_UIRectClipSoftness;
+uniform float renderer_UIRectClipHardClip;
 
 varying vec2 v_uv;
 varying vec4 v_color;
+varying vec2 v_worldPosition;
+
+float getUIRectClipAlpha() {
+    vec4 edgeDistance = vec4(
+        v_worldPosition.x - renderer_UIRectClipRect.x,
+        v_worldPosition.y - renderer_UIRectClipRect.y,
+        renderer_UIRectClipRect.z - v_worldPosition.x,
+        renderer_UIRectClipRect.w - v_worldPosition.y
+    );
+    vec4 hardClipFactor = step(vec4(0.0), edgeDistance);
+    vec4 softness = max(renderer_UIRectClipSoftness, vec4(1e-5));
+    vec4 softClipFactor = clamp(edgeDistance / softness, 0.0, 1.0);
+    vec4 useSoftness = step(vec4(1e-5), renderer_UIRectClipSoftness);
+    vec4 clipFactor = mix(hardClipFactor, softClipFactor, useSoftness);
+    return clipFactor.x * clipFactor.y * clipFactor.z * clipFactor.w;
+}
 
 void main() {
+    float rectClipAlpha = 1.0;
+    if (renderer_UIRectClipEnabled > 0.5) {
+        rectClipAlpha = getUIRectClipAlpha();
+    }
+
     vec4 baseColor = texture2DSRGB(renderer_UITexture, v_uv);
     vec4 finalColor = baseColor * v_color;
+    finalColor.a *= rectClipAlpha;
+    if (renderer_UIRectClipEnabled > 0.5 && renderer_UIRectClipHardClip > 0.5 && finalColor.a < 0.001) {
+        discard;
+    }
     #ifdef ENGINE_SHOULD_SRGB_CORRECT
         finalColor = outputSRGBCorrection(finalColor);
     #endif
     gl_FragColor = finalColor;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/shader/uiDefault.vs.glsl b/packages/ui/src/shader/uiDefault.vs.glsl
index 2a6b45be4e..52345d9abf 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/shader/uiDefault.vs.glsl
+++ b/packages/ui/src/shader/uiDefault.vs.glsl
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 uniform mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+uniform mat4 renderer_ModelMat;
 
 attribute vec3 POSITION;
 attribute vec2 TEXCOORD_0;
@@ -6,10 +7,12 @@ attribute vec4 COLOR_0;
 
 varying vec2 v_uv;
 varying vec4 v_color;
+varying vec2 v_worldPosition;
 
 void main() {
     gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * vec4(POSITION, 1.0);
 
     v_uv = TEXCOORD_0;
     v_color = COLOR_0;
+    v_worldPosition = POSITION.xy;
 }
diff --git a/packages/xr-webxr/package.json b/packages/xr-webxr/package.json
index 9663c2321f..f87fbc528a 100644
--- a/packages/xr-webxr/package.json
+++ b/packages/xr-webxr/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-xr-webxr",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/packages/xr/package.json b/packages/xr/package.json
index ec2e3cc79e..14945b47d9 100644
--- a/packages/xr/package.json
+++ b/packages/xr/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-xr",
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public",
     "registry": "https://registry.npmjs.org"
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index ed565e145b..f6dbf1d371 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ importers:
         specifier: latest
         version: 0.5.22
       '@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin':
-        specifier: ^6.1.0
-        version: 6.21.0(@typescript-eslint/parser@6.21.0(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3))(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
+        specifier: ^8.58.1
+        version: 8.58.1(@typescript-eslint/parser@8.58.1(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3))(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
       '@typescript-eslint/parser':
-        specifier: ^6.1.0
-        version: 6.21.0(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
+        specifier: ^8.58.1
+        version: 8.58.1(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
       '@vitest/coverage-v8':
         specifier: 2.1.3
         version: 2.1.3(@vitest/browser@2.1.3(@types/node@18.19.64)(@vitest/spy@2.1.3)(typescript@5.6.3)(vite@5.4.11(@types/node@18.19.64)(sass@1.81.0)(terser@5.44.1))(vitest@2.1.3))(vitest@2.1.3(@types/node@18.19.64)(@vitest/browser@2.1.3)(msw@2.6.5(@types/node@18.19.64)(typescript@5.6.3))(sass@1.81.0)(terser@5.44.1))
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^13
         version: 13.6.9
       eslint:
-        specifier: ^8.44.0
+        specifier: ^8.57.1
         version: 8.57.1
       eslint-config-prettier:
         specifier: ^8.8.0
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^8.0.0
         version: 8.0.3
       lint-staged:
-        specifier: ^10.5.3
-        version: 10.5.4
+        specifier: ^16.4.0
+        version: 16.4.0
       nyc:
         specifier: ^15.1.0
         version: 15.1.0
@@ -188,6 +188,9 @@ importers:
       '@galacean/engine-toolkit':
         specifier: latest
         version: 1.5.3(@galacean/engine-ui@packages+ui)(@galacean/engine@packages+galacean)
+      '@galacean/engine-toolkit-stats':
+        specifier: latest
+        version: 1.6.0(@galacean/engine@packages+galacean)
       '@galacean/engine-ui':
         specifier: workspace:*
         version: link:../packages/ui
@@ -804,10 +807,20 @@ packages:
     peerDependencies:
       eslint: ^6.0.0 || ^7.0.0 || >=8.0.0
 
+  '@eslint-community/eslint-utils@4.9.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-phrYmNiYppR7znFEdqgfWHXR6NCkZEK7hwWDHZUjit/2/U0r6XvkDl0SYnoM51Hq7FhCGdLDT6zxCCOY1hexsQ==}
+    engines: {node: ^12.22.0 || ^14.17.0 || >=16.0.0}
+    peerDependencies:
+      eslint: ^6.0.0 || ^7.0.0 || >=8.0.0
+
   '@eslint-community/regexpp@4.12.1':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-CCZCDJuduB9OUkFkY2IgppNZMi2lBQgD2qzwXkEia16cge2pijY/aXi96CJMquDMn3nJdlPV1A5KrJEXwfLNzQ==}
     engines: {node: ^12.0.0 || ^14.0.0 || >=16.0.0}
 
+  '@eslint-community/regexpp@4.12.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-EriSTlt5OC9/7SXkRSCAhfSxxoSUgBm33OH+IkwbdpgoqsSsUg7y3uh+IICI/Qg4BBWr3U2i39RpmycbxMq4ew==}
+    engines: {node: ^12.0.0 || ^14.0.0 || >=16.0.0}
+
   '@eslint/eslintrc@2.1.4':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-269Z39MS6wVJtsoUl10L60WdkhJVdPG24Q4eZTH3nnF6lpvSShEK3wQjDX9JRWAUPvPh7COouPpU9IrqaZFvtQ==}
     engines: {node: ^12.22.0 || ^14.17.0 || >=16.0.0}
@@ -935,6 +948,11 @@ packages:
     peerDependencies:
       '@galacean/engine': ^1.5.0
 
+  '@galacean/engine-toolkit-stats@1.6.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-63LLxTWg15xR000jbtEONnK6lBBMylvl5m+3VqqC7b09YAuMWlm9CuPfaM8dlbctOYT6nmPu9bpQiq3JfdgtWg==}
+    peerDependencies:
+      '@galacean/engine': '>=1.6.0-0'
+
   '@galacean/engine-toolkit@1.3.9':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-sxE7QfzH61O9Q1wtwnjIEjcg3n0ZZVz9B6CyqBLOWyWgWsZmefcjZLnnH4HIkvc5ZLNA+gMuJ1ekmwJgfkck+g==}
 
@@ -1481,9 +1499,6 @@ packages:
   '@types/estree@1.0.6':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-AYnb1nQyY49te+VRAVgmzfcgjYS91mY5P0TKUDCLEM+gNnA+3T6rWITXRLYCpahpqSQbN5cE+gHpnPyXjHWxcw==}
 
-  '@types/json-schema@7.0.15':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-5+fP8P8MFNC+AyZCDxrB2pkZFPGzqQWUzpSeuuVLvm8VMcorNYavBqoFcxK8bQz4Qsbn4oUEEem4wDLfcysGHA==}
-
   '@types/keyv@3.1.4':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-BQ5aZNSCpj7D6K2ksrRCTmKRLEpnPvWDiLPfoGyhZ++8YtiK9d/3DBKPJgry359X/P1PfruyYwvnvwFjuEiEIg==}
 
@@ -1508,9 +1523,6 @@ packages:
   '@types/responselike@1.0.3':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-H/+L+UkTV33uf49PH5pCAUBVPNj2nDBXTN+qS1dOwyyg24l3CcicicCA7ca+HMvJBZcFgl5r8e+RR6elsb4Lyw==}
 
-  '@types/semver@7.5.8':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-I8EUhyrgfLrcTkzV3TSsGyl1tSuPrEDzr0yd5m90UgNxQkyDXULk3b6MlQqTCpZpNtWe1K0hzclnZkTcLBe2UQ==}
-
   '@types/statuses@2.0.5':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-jmIUGWrAiwu3dZpxntxieC+1n/5c3mjrImkmOSQ2NC5uP6cYO4aAZDdSmRcI5C1oiTmqlZGHC+/NmJrKogbP5A==}
 
@@ -1520,63 +1532,64 @@ packages:
   '@types/webxr@0.5.22':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Vr6Stjv5jPRqH690f5I5GLjVk8GSsoQSYJ2FVd/3jJF7KaqfwPi3ehfBS96mlQ2kPCwZaX6U0rG2+NGHBKkA/A==}
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin@6.21.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-oy9+hTPCUFpngkEZUSzbf9MxI65wbKFoQYsgPdILTfbUldp5ovUuphZVe4i30emU9M/kP+T64Di0mxl7dSw3MA==}
-    engines: {node: ^16.0.0 || >=18.0.0}
+  '@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin@8.58.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-eSkwoemjo76bdXl2MYqtxg51HNwUSkWfODUOQ3PaTLZGh9uIWWFZIjyjaJnex7wXDu+TRx+ATsnSxdN9YWfRTQ==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0}
     peerDependencies:
-      '@typescript-eslint/parser': ^6.0.0 || ^6.0.0-alpha
-      eslint: ^7.0.0 || ^8.0.0
-      typescript: '*'
-    peerDependenciesMeta:
-      typescript:
-        optional: true
+      '@typescript-eslint/parser': ^8.58.1
+      eslint: ^8.57.0 || ^9.0.0 || ^10.0.0
+      typescript: '>=4.8.4 <6.1.0'
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/parser@6.21.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-tbsV1jPne5CkFQCgPBcDOt30ItF7aJoZL997JSF7MhGQqOeT3svWRYxiqlfA5RUdlHN6Fi+EI9bxqbdyAUZjYQ==}
-    engines: {node: ^16.0.0 || >=18.0.0}
+  '@typescript-eslint/parser@8.58.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-gGkiNMPqerb2cJSVcruigx9eHBlLG14fSdPdqMoOcBfh+vvn4iCq2C8MzUB89PrxOXk0y3GZ1yIWb9aOzL93bw==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0}
     peerDependencies:
-      eslint: ^7.0.0 || ^8.0.0
-      typescript: '*'
-    peerDependenciesMeta:
-      typescript:
-        optional: true
+      eslint: ^8.57.0 || ^9.0.0 || ^10.0.0
+      typescript: '>=4.8.4 <6.1.0'
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager@6.21.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-OwLUIWZJry80O99zvqXVEioyniJMa+d2GrqpUTqi5/v5D5rOrppJVBPa0yKCblcigC0/aYAzxxqQ1B+DS2RYsg==}
-    engines: {node: ^16.0.0 || >=18.0.0}
+  '@typescript-eslint/project-service@8.58.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-gfQ8fk6cxhtptek+/8ZIqw8YrRW5048Gug8Ts5IYcMLCw18iUgrZAEY/D7s4hkI0FxEfGakKuPK/XUMPzPxi5g==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0}
+    peerDependencies:
+      typescript: '>=4.8.4 <6.1.0'
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/type-utils@6.21.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-rZQI7wHfao8qMX3Rd3xqeYSMCL3SoiSQLBATSiVKARdFGCYSRvmViieZjqc58jKgs8Y8i9YvVVhRbHSTA4VBag==}
-    engines: {node: ^16.0.0 || >=18.0.0}
+  '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager@8.58.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-TPYUEqJK6avLcEjumWsIuTpuYODTTDAtoMdt8ZZa93uWMTX13Nb8L5leSje1NluammvU+oI3QRr5lLXPgihX3w==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0}
+
+  '@typescript-eslint/tsconfig-utils@8.58.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-JAr2hOIct2Q+qk3G+8YFfqkqi7sC86uNryT+2i5HzMa2MPjw4qNFvtjnw1IiA1rP7QhNKVe21mSSLaSjwA1Olw==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0}
     peerDependencies:
-      eslint: ^7.0.0 || ^8.0.0
-      typescript: '*'
-    peerDependenciesMeta:
-      typescript:
-        optional: true
+      typescript: '>=4.8.4 <6.1.0'
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/types@6.21.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-1kFmZ1rOm5epu9NZEZm1kckCDGj5UJEf7P1kliH4LKu/RkwpsfqqGmY2OOcUs18lSlQBKLDYBOGxRVtrMN5lpg==}
-    engines: {node: ^16.0.0 || >=18.0.0}
+  '@typescript-eslint/type-utils@8.58.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-HUFxvTJVroT+0rXVJC7eD5zol6ID+Sn5npVPWoFuHGg9Ncq5Q4EYstqR+UOqaNRFXi5TYkpXXkLhoCHe3G0+7w==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0}
+    peerDependencies:
+      eslint: ^8.57.0 || ^9.0.0 || ^10.0.0
+      typescript: '>=4.8.4 <6.1.0'
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree@6.21.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-6npJTkZcO+y2/kr+z0hc4HwNfrrP4kNYh57ek7yCNlrBjWQ1Y0OS7jiZTkgumrvkX5HkEKXFZkkdFNkaW2wmUQ==}
-    engines: {node: ^16.0.0 || >=18.0.0}
+  '@typescript-eslint/types@8.58.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-io/dV5Aw5ezwzfPBBWLoT+5QfVtP8O7q4Kftjn5azJ88bYyp/ZMCsyW1lpKK46EXJcaYMZ1JtYj+s/7TdzmQMw==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0}
+
+  '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree@8.58.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-w4w7WR7GHOjqqPnvAYbazq+Y5oS68b9CzasGtnd6jIeOIeKUzYzupGTB2T4LTPSv4d+WPeccbxuneTFHYgAAWg==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0}
     peerDependencies:
-      typescript: '*'
-    peerDependenciesMeta:
-      typescript:
-        optional: true
+      typescript: '>=4.8.4 <6.1.0'
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/utils@6.21.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-NfWVaC8HP9T8cbKQxHcsJBY5YE1O33+jpMwN45qzWWaPDZgLIbo12toGMWnmhvCpd3sIxkpDw3Wv1B3dYrbDQQ==}
-    engines: {node: ^16.0.0 || >=18.0.0}
+  '@typescript-eslint/utils@8.58.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Ln8R0tmWC7pTtLOzgJzYTXSCjJ9rDNHAqTaVONF4FEi2qwce8mD9iSOxOpLFFvWp/wBFlew0mjM1L1ihYWfBdQ==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0}
     peerDependencies:
-      eslint: ^7.0.0 || ^8.0.0
+      eslint: ^8.57.0 || ^9.0.0 || ^10.0.0
+      typescript: '>=4.8.4 <6.1.0'
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys@6.21.0':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-JJtkDduxLi9bivAB+cYOVMtbkqdPOhZ+ZI5LC47MIRrDV4Yn2o+ZnW10Nkmr28xRpSpdJ6Sm42Hjf2+REYXm0A==}
-    engines: {node: ^16.0.0 || >=18.0.0}
+  '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys@8.58.1':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-y+vH7QE8ycjoa0bWciFg7OpFcipUuem1ujhrdLtq1gByKwfbC7bPeKsiny9e0urg93DqwGcHey+bGRKCnF1nZQ==}
+    engines: {node: ^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0}
 
   '@ungap/structured-clone@1.2.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-zuVdFrMJiuCDQUMCzQaD6KL28MjnqqN8XnAqiEq9PNm/hCPTSGfrXCOfwj1ow4LFb/tNymJPwsNbVePc1xFqrQ==}
@@ -1694,14 +1707,14 @@ packages:
   ajv@6.12.6:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-j3fVLgvTo527anyYyJOGTYJbG+vnnQYvE0m5mmkc1TK+nxAppkCLMIL0aZ4dblVCNoGShhm+kzE4ZUykBoMg4g==}
 
-  ansi-colors@4.1.3:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-/6w/C21Pm1A7aZitlI5Ni/2J6FFQN8i1Cvz3kHABAAbw93v/NlvKdVOqz7CCWz/3iv/JplRSEEZ83XION15ovw==}
-    engines: {node: '>=6'}
-
   ansi-escapes@4.3.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-gKXj5ALrKWQLsYG9jlTRmR/xKluxHV+Z9QEwNIgCfM1/uwPMCuzVVnh5mwTd+OuBZcwSIMbqssNWRm1lE51QaQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
 
+  ansi-escapes@7.3.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-BvU8nYgGQBxcmMuEeUEmNTvrMVjJNSH7RgW24vXexN4Ven6qCvy4TntnvlnwnMLTVlcRQQdbRY8NKnaIoeWDNg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+
   ansi-regex@5.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-quJQXlTSUGL2LH9SUXo8VwsY4soanhgo6LNSm84E1LBcE8s3O0wpdiRzyR9z/ZZJMlMWv37qOOb9pdJlMUEKFQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -1710,6 +1723,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-7HSX4QQb4CspciLpVFwyRe79O3xsIZDDLER21kERQ71oaPodF8jL725AgJMFAYbooIqolJoRLuM81SpeUkpkvA==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
+  ansi-regex@6.2.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Bq3SmSpyFHaWjPk8If9yc6svM8c56dB5BAtW4Qbw5jHTwwXXcTLoRMkpDJp6VL0XzlWaCHTXrkFURMYmD0sLqg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=12'}
+
   ansi-styles@4.3.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-zbB9rCJAT1rbjiVDb2hqKFHNYLxgtk8NURxZ3IZwD3F6NtxbXZQCnnSi1Lkx+IDohdPlFp222wVALIheZJQSEg==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -1722,6 +1739,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-bN798gFfQX+viw3R7yrGWRqnrN2oRkEkUjjl4JNn4E8GxxbjtG3FbrEIIY3l8/hrwUwIeCZvi4QuOTP4MErVug==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
+  ansi-styles@6.2.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-4Dj6M28JB+oAH8kFkTLUo+a2jwOFkuqb3yucU0CANcRRUbxS0cP0nZYCGjcc3BNXwRIsUVmDGgzawme7zvJHvg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=12'}
+
   anymatch@3.1.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-KMReFUr0B4t+D+OBkjR3KYqvocp2XaSzO55UcB6mgQMd3KbcE+mWTyvVV7D/zsdEbNnV6acZUutkiHQXvTr1Rw==}
     engines: {node: '>= 8'}
@@ -1748,10 +1769,6 @@ packages:
   array-ify@1.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-c5AMf34bKdvPhQ7tBGhqkgKNUzMr4WUs+WDtC2ZUGOUncbxKMTvqxYctiseW3+L4bA8ec+GcZ6/A/FW4m8ukng==}
 
-  array-union@2.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-HGyxoOTYUyCM6stUe6EJgnd4EoewAI7zMdfqO+kGjnlZmBDz/cR5pf8r/cR4Wq60sL/p0IkcjUEEPwS3GFrIyw==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8'}
-
   arrify@1.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-3CYzex9M9FGQjCGMGyi6/31c8GJbgb0qGyrx5HWxPd0aCwh4cB2YjMb2Xf9UuoogrMrlO9cTqnB5rI5GHZTcUA==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
@@ -1760,10 +1777,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Izi8RQcffqCeNVgFigKli1ssklIbpHnCYc6AknXGYoB6grJqyeby7jv12JUQgmTAnIDnbck1uxksT4dzN3PWBA==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
-  astral-regex@2.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Z7tMw1ytTXt5jqMcOP+OQteU1VuNK9Y02uuJtKQ1Sv69jXQKKg5cibLwGJow8yzZP+eAc18EmLGPal0bp36rvQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8'}
-
   at-least-node@1.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+q/t7Ekv1EDY2l6Gda6LLiX14rU9TV20Wa3ofeQmwPFZbOMo9DXrLbOjFaaclkXKWidIaopwAObQDqwWtGUjqg==}
     engines: {node: '>= 4.0.0'}
@@ -1771,6 +1784,10 @@ packages:
   balanced-match@1.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-3oSeUO0TMV67hN1AmbXsK4yaqU7tjiHlbxRDZOpH0KW9+CeX4bRAaX0Anxt0tx2MrpRpWwQaPwIlISEJhYU5Pw==}
 
+  balanced-match@4.0.4:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-BLrgEcRTwX2o6gGxGOCNyMvGSp35YofuYzw9h1IMTRmKqttAZZVU67bdb9Pr2vUHA8+j3i2tJfjO6C6+4myGTA==}
+    engines: {node: 18 || 20 || >=22}
+
   binary-extensions@2.3.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Ceh+7ox5qe7LJuLHoY0feh3pHuUDHAcRUeyL2VYghZwfpkNIy/+8Ocg0a3UuSoYzavmylwuLWQOf3hl0jjMMIw==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -1785,6 +1802,10 @@ packages:
   brace-expansion@2.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-XnAIvQ8eM+kC6aULx6wuQiwVsnzsi9d3WxzV3FpWTGA19F621kwdbsAcFKXgKUHZWsy+mY6iL1sHTxWEFCytDA==}
 
+  brace-expansion@5.0.5:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-VZznLgtwhn+Mact9tfiwx64fA9erHH/MCXEUfB/0bX/6Fz6ny5EGTXYltMocqg4xFAQZtnO3DHWWXi8RiuN7cQ==}
+    engines: {node: 18 || 20 || >=22}
+
   braces@3.0.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-yQbXgO/OSZVD2IsiLlro+7Hf6Q18EJrKSEsdoMzKePKXct3gvD8oLcOQdIzGupr5Fj+EDe8gO/lxc1BzfMpxvA==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -1882,13 +1903,13 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-4diC9HaTE+KRAMWhDhrGOECgWZxoevMc5TlkObMqNSsVU62PYzXZ/SMTjzyGAFF1YusgxGcSWTEXBhp0CPwQ1A==}
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
 
-  cli-cursor@3.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-I/zHAwsKf9FqGoXM4WWRACob9+SNukZTd94DWF57E4toouRulbCxcUh6RKUEOQlYTHJnzkPMySvPNaaSLNfLZw==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8'}
+  cli-cursor@5.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-aCj4O5wKyszjMmDT4tZj93kxyydN/K5zPWSCe6/0AV/AA1pqe5ZBIw0a2ZfPQV7lL5/yb5HsUreJ6UFAF1tEQw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
 
-  cli-truncate@2.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-n8fOixwDD6b/ObinzTrp1ZKFzbgvKZvuz/TvejnLn1aQfC6r52XEx85FmuC+3HI+JM7coBRXUvNqEU2PHVrHpg==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8'}
+  cli-truncate@5.2.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-xRwvIOMGrfOAnM1JYtqQImuaNtDEv9v6oIYAs4LIHwTiKee8uwvIi363igssOC0O5U04i4AlENs79LQLu9tEMw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
 
   cli-width@4.1.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ouuZd4/dm2Sw5Gmqy6bGyNNNe1qt9RpmxveLSO7KcgsTnU7RXfsw+/bukWGo1abgBiMAic068rclZsO4IWmmxQ==}
@@ -1914,13 +1935,13 @@ packages:
   colorette@2.0.20:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-IfEDxwoWIjkeXL1eXcDiow4UbKjhLdq6/EuSVR9GMN7KVH3r9gQ83e73hsz1Nd1T3ijd5xv1wcWRYO+D6kCI2w==}
 
+  commander@14.0.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-H+y0Jo/T1RZ9qPP4Eh1pkcQcLRglraJaSLoyOtHxu6AapkjWVCy2Sit1QQ4x3Dng8qDlSsZEet7g5Pq06MvTgw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
+
   commander@2.20.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-GpVkmM8vF2vQUkj2LvZmD35JxeJOLCwJ9cUkugyk2nuhbv3+mJvpLYYt+0+USMxE+oj+ey/lJEnhZw75x/OMcQ==}
 
-  commander@6.2.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-U7VdrJFnJgo4xjrHpTzu0yrHPGImdsmD95ZlgYSEajAn2JKzDhDTPG9kBTefmObL2w/ngeZnilk+OV9CG3d7UA==}
-    engines: {node: '>= 6'}
-
   commondir@1.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-W9pAhw0ja1Edb5GVdIF1mjZw/ASI0AlShXM83UUGe2DVr5TdAPEA1OA8m/g8zWp9x6On7gqufY+FatDbC3MDQg==}
 
@@ -2017,6 +2038,15 @@ packages:
       supports-color:
         optional: true
 
+  debug@4.4.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-RGwwWnwQvkVfavKVt22FGLw+xYSdzARwm0ru6DhTVA3umU5hZc28V3kO4stgYryrTlLpuvgI9GiijltAjNbcqA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6.0'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      supports-color: '*'
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      supports-color:
+        optional: true
+
   decamelize-keys@1.1.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-WiPxgEirIV0/eIOMcnFBA3/IJZAZqKnwAwWyvvdi4lsr1WCN22nhdf/3db3DoZcUjTV2SqfzIwNyp6y2xs3nmg==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
@@ -2029,9 +2059,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-BzRPQuY1ip+qDonAOz42gRm/pg9F768C+npV/4JOsxRC2sq+Rlk+Q4ZCAsOhnIaMrgarILY+RMUIvMmmX1qAEA==}
     engines: {node: '>=4'}
 
-  dedent@0.7.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Q6fKUPqnAHAyhiUgFU7BUzLiv0kd8saH9al7tnu5Q/okj6dnupxyTgFIBjVzJATdfIAm9NAsvXNzjaKa+bxVyA==}
-
   deep-eql@5.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-h5k/5U50IJJFpzfL6nO9jaaumfjO/f2NjK/oYB2Djzm4p9L+3T9qWpZqZ2hAbLPuuYq9wrU08WQyBTL5GbPk5Q==}
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
@@ -2080,10 +2107,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-58lmxKSA4BNyLz+HHMUzlOEpg09FV+ev6ZMe3vJihgdxzgcwZ8VoEEPmALCZG9LmqfVoNMMKpttIYTVG6uDY7A==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.3.1'}
 
-  dir-glob@3.0.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-WkrWp9GR4KXfKGYzOLmTuGVi1UWFfws377n9cc55/tb6DuqyF6pcQ5AbiHEshaDpY9v6oaSr2XCDidGmMwdzIA==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8'}
-
   doctrine@3.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-yS+Q5i3hBf7GBkd4KG8a7eBNNWNGLTaEwwYWUijIYM7zrlYDM0BFXHjjPWlWZ1Rg7UaddZeIDmi9jF3HmqiQ2w==}
     engines: {node: '>=6.0.0'}
@@ -2113,6 +2136,9 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>= 8.6'}
     hasBin: true
 
+  emoji-regex@10.6.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-toUI84YS5YmxW219erniWD0CIVOo46xGKColeNQRgOzDorgBi1v4D71/OFzgD9GO2UGKIv1C3Sp8DAn0+j5w7A==}
+
   emoji-regex@8.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-MSjYzcWNOA0ewAHpz0MxpYFvwg6yjy1NG3xteoqz644VCo/RPgnr1/GGt+ic3iJTzQ8Eu3TdM14SawnVUmGE6A==}
 
@@ -2126,14 +2152,14 @@ packages:
   end-of-stream@1.4.4:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+uw1inIHVPQoaVuHzRyXd21icM+cnt4CzD5rW+NC1wjOUSTOs+Te7FOv7AhN7vS9x/oIyhLP5PR1H+phQAHu5Q==}
 
-  enquirer@2.4.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-rRqJg/6gd538VHvR3PSrdRBb/1Vy2YfzHqzvbhGIQpDRKIa4FgV/54b5Q1xYSxOOwKvjXweS26E0Q+nAMwp2pQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8.6'}
-
   env-paths@2.2.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+h1lkLKhZMTYjog1VEpJNG7NZJWcuc2DDk/qsqSTRRCOXiLjeQ1d1/udrUGhqMxUgAlwKNZ0cf2uqan5GLuS2A==}
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
 
+  environment@1.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-xUtoPkMggbz0MPyPiIWr1Kp4aeWJjDZ6SMvURhimjdZgsRuDplF5/s9hcgGhyXMhs+6vpnuoiZ2kFiu3FMnS8Q==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+
   error-ex@1.3.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-7dFHNmqeFSEt2ZBsCriorKnn3Z2pj+fd9kmI6QoWw4//DL+icEBfc0U7qJCisqrTsKTjw4fNFy2pW9OqStD84g==}
 
@@ -2322,6 +2348,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-wpc+LXeiyiisxPlEkUzU6svyS1frIO3Mgxj1fdy7Pm8Ygzguax2N3Fa/D/ag1WqbOprdI+uY6wMUl8/a2G+iag==}
     engines: {node: ^12.22.0 || ^14.17.0 || >=16.0.0}
 
+  eslint-visitor-keys@5.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-tD40eHxA35h0PEIZNeIjkHoDR4YjjJp34biM0mDvplBe//mB+IHCqHDGV7pxF+7MklTvighcCPPZC7ynWyjdTA==}
+    engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || ^22.13.0 || >=24}
+
   eslint@8.57.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ypowyDxpVSYpkXr9WPv2PAZCtNip1Mv5KTW0SCurXv/9iOpcrH9PaqUElksqEB6pChqHGDRCFTyrZlGhnLNGiA==}
     engines: {node: ^12.22.0 || ^14.17.0 || >=16.0.0}
@@ -2365,9 +2395,8 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-kVscqXk4OCp68SZ0dkgEKVi6/8ij300KBWTJq32P/dYeWTSwK41WyTxalN1eRmA5Z9UU/LX9D7FWSmV9SAYx6g==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
 
-  execa@4.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-j5W0//W7f8UxAn8hXVnwG8tLwdiUy4FJLcSupCg6maBYZDpyBvTApK7KyuI4bKj8KOh1r2YH+6ucuYtJv1bTZA==}
-    engines: {node: '>=10'}
+  eventemitter3@5.0.4:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-mlsTRyGaPBjPedk6Bvw+aqbsXDtoAyAzm5MO7JgU+yVRyMQ5O8bD4Kcci7BS85f93veegeCPkL8R4GLClnjLFw==}
 
   execa@8.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-VyhnebXciFV2DESc+p6B+y0LjSm0krU4OgJN44qFAhBY0TJ+1V61tYD2+wHusZ6F9n5K+vl8k0sTy7PEfV4qpg==}
@@ -2387,10 +2416,6 @@ packages:
   fast-diff@1.3.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-VxPP4NqbUjj6MaAOafWeUn2cXWLcCtljklUtZf0Ind4XQ+QPtmA0b18zZy0jIQx+ExRVCR/ZQpBmik5lXshNsw==}
 
-  fast-glob@3.3.2:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-oX2ruAFQwf/Orj8m737Y5adxDQO0LAB7/S5MnxCdTNDd4p6BsyIVsv9JQsATbTSq8KHRpLwIHbVlUNatxd+1Ow==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8.6.0'}
-
   fast-json-stable-stringify@2.1.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-lhd/wF+Lk98HZoTCtlVraHtfh5XYijIjalXck7saUtuanSDyLMxnHhSXEDJqHxD7msR8D0uCmqlkwjCV8xvwHw==}
 
@@ -2411,6 +2436,15 @@ packages:
       picomatch:
         optional: true
 
+  fdir@6.5.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-tIbYtZbucOs0BRGqPJkshJUYdL+SDH7dVM8gjy+ERp3WAUjLEFJE+02kanyHtwjWOnwrKYBiwAmM0p4kLJAnXg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=12.0.0'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      picomatch: ^3 || ^4
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      picomatch:
+        optional: true
+
   file-entry-cache@6.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-7Gps/XWymbLk2QLYK4NzpMOrYjMhdIxXuIvy2QBsLE6ljuodKvdkWs/cpyJJ3CVIVpH0Oi1Hvg1ovbMzLdFBBg==}
     engines: {node: ^10.12.0 || >=12.0.0}
@@ -2489,13 +2523,14 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-DyFP3BM/3YHTQOCUL/w0OZHR0lpKeGrxotcHWcqNEdnltqFwXVfhEBQ94eIo34AfQpo0rGki4cyIiftY06h2Fg==}
     engines: {node: 6.* || 8.* || >= 10.*}
 
+  get-east-asian-width@1.5.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-CQ+bEO+Tva/qlmw24dCejulK5pMzVnUOFOijVogd3KQs07HnRIgp8TGipvCCRT06xeYEbpbgwaCxglFyiuIcmA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+
   get-intrinsic@1.2.4:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-5uYhsJH8VJBTv7oslg4BznJYhDoRI6waYCxMmCdnTrcCrHA/fCFKoTFz2JKKE0HdDFUF7/oQuhzumXJK7paBRQ==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.4'}
 
-  get-own-enumerable-property-symbols@3.0.2:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-I0UBV/XOz1XkIJHEUDMZAbzCThU/H8DxmSfmdGcKPnVhu2VfFqr34jr9777IyaTYvxjedWhqVIilEDsCdP5G6g==}
-
   get-package-type@0.1.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-pjzuKtY64GYfWizNAJ0fr9VqttZkNiK2iS430LtIHzjBEr6bX8Am2zm4sW4Ro5wjWW5cAlRL1qAMTcXbjNAO2Q==}
     engines: {node: '>=8.0.0'}
@@ -2568,10 +2603,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-DpLKbNU4WylpxJykQujfCcwYWiV/Jhm50Goo0wrVILAv5jOr9d+H+UR3PhSCD2rCCEIg0uc+G+muBTwD54JhDQ==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.4'}
 
-  globby@11.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-jhIXaOzy1sb8IyocaruWSn1TjmnBVs8Ayhcy83rmxNJ8q2uWKCAj3CnJY+KpGSXCueAPc0i05kVvVKtP1t9S3g==}
-    engines: {node: '>=10'}
-
   gopd@1.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-d65bNlIadxvpb/A2abVdlqKqV563juRnZ1Wtk6s1sIR8uNsXR70xqIzVqxVf1eTqDunwT2MkczEeaezCKTZhwA==}
 
@@ -2632,10 +2663,6 @@ packages:
   http-cache-semantics@4.1.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-er295DKPVsV82j5kw1Gjt+ADA/XYHsajl82cGNQG2eyoPkvgUhX+nDIyelzhIWbbsXP39EHcI6l5tYs2FYqYXQ==}
 
-  human-signals@1.1.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-SEQu7vl8KjNL2eoGBLF3+wAjpsNfA9XMlXAYj/3EdaNfAlxKthD1xjEQfGOUhllCGGJVNY34bRr6lPINhNjyZw==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8.12.0'}
-
   human-signals@5.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-AXcZb6vzzrFAUE61HnN4mpLqd/cSIwNQjtNWR0euPm6y0iqx3G4gOXaIDdtdDwZmhwe82LA6+zinmW4UBWVePQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=16.17.0'}
@@ -2649,6 +2676,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-hsBTNUqQTDwkWtcdYI2i06Y/nUBEsNEDJKjWdigLvegy8kDuJAS8uRlpkkcQpyEXL0Z/pjDy5HBmMjRCJ2gq+g==}
     engines: {node: '>= 4'}
 
+  ignore@7.0.5:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Hs59xBNfUIunMFgWAbGX5cq6893IbWg4KnrjbYwX3tx0ztorVgTDA6B2sxf8ejHJ4wz8BqGUMYlnzNBer5NvGg==}
+    engines: {node: '>= 4'}
+
   immutable@5.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-1NU7hWZDkV7hJ4PJ9dur9gTNQ4ePNPN4k9/0YhwjzykTi/+3Q5pF93YU5QoVj8BuOnhLgaY8gs0U2pj4kSYVcw==}
 
@@ -2693,6 +2724,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-zymm5+u+sCsSWyD9qNaejV3DFvhCKclKdizYaJUuHA83RLjb7nSuGnddCHGv0hk+KY7BMAlsWeK4Ueg6EV6XQg==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
 
+  is-fullwidth-code-point@5.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-5XHYaSyiqADb4RnZ1Bdad6cPp8Toise4TzEjcOYDHZkTCbKgiUl7WTUCpNWHuxmDt91wnsZBc9xinNzopv3JMQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+
   is-glob@4.0.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-xelSayHH36ZgE7ZWhli7pW34hNbNl8Ojv5KVmkJD4hBdD3th8Tfk9vYasLM+mXWOZhFkgZfxhLSnrwRr4elSSg==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
@@ -2707,10 +2742,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-41Cifkg6e8TylSpdtTpeLVMqvSBEVzTttHvERD741+pnZ8ANv0004MRL43QKPDlK9cGvNp6NZWZUBlbGXYxxng==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.12.0'}
 
-  is-obj@1.0.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-l4RyHgRqGN4Y3+9JHVrNqO+tN0rV5My76uW5/nuO4K1b6vw5G8d/cmFjP9tRfEsdhZNt0IFdZuK/c2Vr4Nb+Qg==}
-    engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
-
   is-obj@2.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-drqDG3cbczxxEJRoOXcOjtdp1J/lyp1mNn0xaznRs8+muBhgQcrnbspox5X5fOw0HnMnbfDzvnEMEtqDEJEo8w==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -2726,10 +2757,6 @@ packages:
   is-reference@1.2.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-U82MsXXiFIrjCK4otLT+o2NA2Cd2g5MLoOVXUZjIOhLurrRxpEXzI8O0KZHr3IjLvlAH1kTPYSuqer5T9ZVBKQ==}
 
-  is-regexp@1.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-7zjFAPO4/gwyQAAgRRmqeEeyIICSdmCqa3tsVHMdBzaXXRiqopZL4Cyghg/XulGWrtABTpbnYYzzIRffLkP4oA==}
-    engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
-
   is-stream@2.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-hFoiJiTl63nn+kstHGBtewWSKnQLpyb155KHheA1l39uvtO9nWIop1p3udqPcUd/xbF1VLMO4n7OI6p7RbngDg==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -2745,10 +2772,6 @@ packages:
   is-typedarray@1.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-cyA56iCMHAh5CdzjJIa4aohJyeO1YbwLi3Jc35MmRU6poroFjIGZzUzupGiRPOjgHg9TLu43xbpwXk523fMxKA==}
 
-  is-unicode-supported@0.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-knxG2q4UC3u8stRGyAVJCOdxFmv5DZiRcdlIaAQXAbSfJya+OhopNotLQrstBhququ4ZpuKbDc/8S6mgXgPFPw==}
-    engines: {node: '>=10'}
-
   is-windows@1.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-eXK1UInq2bPmjyX6e3VHIzMLobc4J94i4AWn+Hpq3OU5KkrRC96OAcR3PRJ/pGu6m8TRnBHP9dkXQVsT/COVIA==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
@@ -2875,18 +2898,14 @@ packages:
   lines-and-columns@1.2.4:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-7ylylesZQ/PV29jhEDl3Ufjo6ZX7gCqJr5F7PKrqc93v7fzSymt1BpwEU8nAUXs8qzzvqhbjhK5QZg6Mt/HkBg==}
 
-  lint-staged@10.5.4:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-EechC3DdFic/TdOPgj/RB3FicqE6932LTHCUm0Y2fsD9KGlLB+RwJl2q1IYBIvEsKzDOgn0D4gll+YxG5RsrKg==}
+  lint-staged@16.4.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-lBWt8hujh/Cjysw5GYVmZpFHXDCgZzhrOm8vbcUdobADZNOK/bRshr2kM3DfgrrtR1DQhfupW9gnIXOfiFi+bw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20.17'}
     hasBin: true
 
-  listr2@3.14.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-TyWI8G99GX9GjE54cJ+RrNMcIFBfwMPxc3XTFiAYGN4s10hWROGtOg7+O6u6LE3mNkyld7RSLE6nrKBvTfcs3g==}
-    engines: {node: '>=10.0.0'}
-    peerDependencies:
-      enquirer: '>= 2.3.0 < 3'
-    peerDependenciesMeta:
-      enquirer:
-        optional: true
+  listr2@9.0.5:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-ME4Fb83LgEgwNw96RKNvKV4VTLuXfoKudAmm2lP8Kk87KaMK0/Xrx/aAkMWmT8mDb+3MlFDspfbCs7adjRxA2g==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20.0.0'}
 
   locate-path@5.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-t7hw9pI+WvuwNJXwk5zVHpyhIqzg2qTlklJOf0mVxGSbe3Fp2VieZcduNYjaLDoy6p9uGpQEGWG87WpMKlNq8g==}
@@ -2905,13 +2924,9 @@ packages:
   lodash@4.17.21:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-v2kDEe57lecTulaDIuNTPy3Ry4gLGJ6Z1O3vE1krgXZNrsQ+LFTGHVxVjcXPs17LhbZVGedAJv8XZ1tvj5FvSg==}
 
-  log-symbols@4.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-8XPvpAA8uyhfteu8pIvQxpJZ7SYYdpUivZpGy6sFsBuKRY/7rQGavedeB8aK+Zkyq6upMFVL/9AW6vOYzfRyLg==}
-    engines: {node: '>=10'}
-
-  log-update@4.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9fkkDevMefjg0mmzWFBW8YkFP91OrizzkW3diF7CpG+S2EYdy4+TVfGwz1zeF8x7hCx1ovSPTOE9Ngib74qqUg==}
-    engines: {node: '>=10'}
+  log-update@6.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9ie8ItPR6tjY5uYJh8K/Zrv/RMZ5VOlOWvtZdEHYSTFKZfIBPQa9tOAEeAWhd+AnIneLJ22w5fjOYtoutpWq5w==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
 
   loupe@3.1.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-23I4pFZHmAemUnz8WZXbYRSKYj801VDaNv9ETuMh7IrMc7VuVVSo+Z9iLE3ni30+U48iDWfi30d3twAXBYmnCg==}
@@ -2977,10 +2992,6 @@ packages:
   merge-stream@2.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-abv/qOcuPfk3URPfDzmZU1LKmuw8kT+0nIHvKrKgFrwifol/doWcdA4ZqsWQ8ENrFKkd67Mfpo/LovbIUsbt3w==}
 
-  merge2@1.4.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-8q7VEgMJW4J8tcfVPy8g09NcQwZdbwFEqhe/WZkoIzjn/3TGDwtOCYtXGxA3O8tPzpczCCDgv+P2P5y00ZJOOg==}
-    engines: {node: '>= 8'}
-
   micromatch@4.0.8:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-PXwfBhYu0hBCPw8Dn0E+WDYb7af3dSLVWKi3HGv84IdF4TyFoC0ysxFd0Goxw7nSv4T/PzEJQxsYsEiFCKo2BA==}
     engines: {node: '>=8.6'}
@@ -2990,14 +3001,14 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=4.0.0'}
     hasBin: true
 
-  mimic-fn@2.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-OqbOk5oEQeAZ8WXWydlu9HJjz9WVdEIvamMCcXmuqUYjTknH/sqsWvhQ3vgwKFRR1HpjvNBKQ37nbJgYzGqGcg==}
-    engines: {node: '>=6'}
-
   mimic-fn@4.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-vqiC06CuhBTUdZH+RYl8sFrL096vA45Ok5ISO6sE/Mr1jRbGH4Csnhi8f3wKVl7x8mO4Au7Ir9D3Oyv1VYMFJw==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
+  mimic-function@5.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-VP79XUPxV2CigYP3jWwAUFSku2aKqBH7uTAapFWCBqutsbmDo96KY5o8uh6U+/YSIn5OxJnXp73beVkpqMIGhA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+
   mimic-response@1.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-j5EctnkH7amfV/q5Hgmoal1g2QHFJRraOtmx0JpIqkxhBhI/lJSl1nMpQ45hVarwNETOoWEimndZ4QK0RHxuxQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=4'}
@@ -3006,13 +3017,13 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-I9jwMn07Sy/IwOj3zVkVik2JTvgpaykDZEigL6Rx6N9LbMywwUSMtxET+7lVoDLLd3O3IXwJwvuuns8UB/HeAg==}
     engines: {node: '>=4'}
 
+  minimatch@10.2.5:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-MULkVLfKGYDFYejP07QOurDLLQpcjk7Fw+7jXS2R2czRQzR56yHRveU5NDJEOviH+hETZKSkIk5c+T23GjFUMg==}
+    engines: {node: 18 || 20 || >=22}
+
   minimatch@3.1.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-J7p63hRiAjw1NDEww1W7i37+ByIrOWO5XQQAzZ3VOcL0PNybwpfmV/N05zFAzwQ9USyEcX6t3UO+K5aqBQOIHw==}
 
-  minimatch@9.0.3:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-RHiac9mvaRw0x3AYRgDC1CxAP7HTcNrrECeA8YYJeWnpo+2Q5CegtZjaotWTWxDG3UeGA1coE05iH1mPjT/2mg==}
-    engines: {node: '>=16 || 14 >=14.17'}
-
   minimatch@9.0.5:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-G6T0ZX48xgozx7587koeX9Ys2NYy6Gmv//P89sEte9V9whIapMNF4idKxnW2QtCcLiTWlb/wfCabAtAFWhhBow==}
     engines: {node: '>=16 || 14 >=14.17'}
@@ -3119,10 +3130,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Yic4bZHJOt9RCFbRP3GgpqhScOY4HH3V2P8yBj6CeYq118Qr+BLXqT2JvpJ00mryLESpgOxf5XlFv4ZjXxLScw==}
     engines: {node: '>=4'}
 
-  npm-run-path@4.0.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-S48WzZW777zhNIrn7gxOlISNAqi9ZC/uQFnRdbeIHhZhCA6UqpkOT8T1G7BvfdgP4Er8gF4sUbaS0i7QvIfCWw==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8'}
-
   npm-run-path@5.3.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ppwTtiJZq0O/ai0z7yfudtBpWIoxM8yE6nHi1X47eFR2EWORqfbu6CnPlNsjeN683eT0qG6H/Pyf9fCcvjnnnQ==}
     engines: {node: ^12.20.0 || ^14.13.1 || >=16.0.0}
@@ -3151,14 +3158,14 @@ packages:
   once@1.4.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-lNaJgI+2Q5URQBkccEKHTQOPaXdUxnZZElQTZY0MFUAuaEqe1E+Nyvgdz/aIyNi6Z9MzO5dv1H8n58/GELp3+w==}
 
-  onetime@5.1.2:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-kbpaSSGJTWdAY5KPVeMOKXSrPtr8C8C7wodJbcsd51jRnmD+GZu8Y0VoU6Dm5Z4vWr0Ig/1NKuWRKf7j5aaYSg==}
-    engines: {node: '>=6'}
-
   onetime@6.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-1FlR+gjXK7X+AsAHso35MnyN5KqGwJRi/31ft6x0M194ht7S+rWAvd7PHss9xSKMzE0asv1pyIHaJYq+BbacAQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
+  onetime@7.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-VXJjc87FScF88uafS3JllDgvAm+c/Slfz06lorj2uAY34rlUu0Nt+v8wreiImcrgAjjIHp1rXpTDlLOGw29WwQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+
   opener@1.5.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ur5UIdyw5Y7yEj9wLzhqXiy6GZ3Mwx0yGI+5sMn2r0N0v3cKJvUmFH5yPP+WXh9e0xfyzyJX95D8l088DNFj7A==}
     hasBin: true
@@ -3194,10 +3201,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-d3qXVTF/s+W+CdJ5A29wywV2n8CQQYahlgz2bFiA+4eVNJbHJodPZ+/gXwPGh0bOqA+j8S+6+ckmvLGPk1QpxQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
 
-  p-map@4.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-/bjOqmgETBYB5BoEeGVea8dmvHb2m9GLy1E9W43yeyfP6QQCZGFNa+XRceJEuDB6zqr+gKpIAmlLebMpykw/MQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=10'}
-
   p-try@2.2.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-R4nPAVTAU0B9D35/Gk3uJf/7XYbQcyohSKdvAxIRSNghFl4e71hVoGnBNQz9cWaXxO2I10KTC+3jMdvvoKw6dQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
@@ -3279,6 +3282,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-M7BAV6Rlcy5u+m6oPhAPFgJTzAioX/6B0DxyvDlo9l8+T3nLKbrczg2WLUyzd45L8RqfUMyGPzekbMvX2Ldkwg==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
+  picomatch@4.0.4:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-QP88BAKvMam/3NxH6vj2o21R6MjxZUAd6nlwAS/pnGvN9IVLocLHxGYIzFhg6fUQ+5th6P4dv4eW9jX3DSIj7A==}
+    engines: {node: '>=12'}
+
   pify@3.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-C3FsVNH1udSEX48gGX1xfvwTWfsYWj5U+8/uK15BGzIGrKoUpghX8hWZwa/OFnakBiiVNmBvemTJR5mcy7iPcg==}
     engines: {node: '>=4'}
@@ -3300,9 +3307,6 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=18'}
     hasBin: true
 
-  please-upgrade-node@3.2.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-gQR3WpIgNIKwBMVLkpMUeR3e1/E1y42bqDQZfql+kDeXd8COYfM8PQA4X6y7a8u9Ua9FHmsrrmirW2vHs45hWg==}
-
   postcss@8.4.49:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-OCVPnIObs4N29kxTjzLfUryOkvZEq+pf8jTF0lg8E7uETuWHA+v7j3c/xJmiqpX450191LlmZfUKkXxkTry7nA==}
     engines: {node: ^10 || ^12 || >=14}
@@ -3446,9 +3450,9 @@ packages:
   responselike@1.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-/Fpe5guzJk1gPqdJLJR5u7eG/gNY4nImjbRDaVWVMRhne55TCmj2i9Q+54PBRfatRC8v/rIiv9BN0pMd9OV5EQ==}
 
-  restore-cursor@3.1.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-l+sSefzHpj5qimhFSE5a8nufZYAM3sBSVMAPtYkmC+4EH2anSGaEMXSD0izRQbu9nfyQ9y5JrVmp7E8oZrUjvA==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8'}
+  restore-cursor@5.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-oMA2dcrw6u0YfxJQXm342bFKX/E4sG9rbTzO9ptUcR/e8A33cHuvStiYOwH7fszkZlZ1z/ta9AAoPk2F4qIOHA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
 
   reusify@1.0.4:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-U9nH88a3fc/ekCF1l0/UP1IosiuIjyTh7hBvXVMHYgVcfGvt897Xguj2UOLDeI5BG2m7/uwyaLVT6fbtCwTyzw==}
@@ -3514,9 +3518,6 @@ packages:
   run-parallel@1.2.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-5l4VyZR86LZ/lDxZTR6jqL8AFE2S0IFLMP26AbjsLVADxHdhB/c0GUsH+y39UfCi3dzz8OlQuPmnaJOMoDHQBA==}
 
-  rxjs@7.8.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-AA3TVj+0A2iuIoQkWEK/tqFjBq2j+6PO6Y0zJcvzLAFhEFIO3HL0vls9hWLncZbAAbK0mar7oZ4V079I/qPMxg==}
-
   safe-buffer@5.1.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Gd2UZBJDkXlY7GbJxfsE8/nvKkUEU1G38c1siN6QP6a9PT9MmHB8GnpscSmMJSoF8LOIrt8ud/wPtojys4G6+g==}
 
@@ -3549,6 +3550,11 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=10'}
     hasBin: true
 
+  semver@7.7.4:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-vFKC2IEtQnVhpT78h1Yp8wzwrf8CM+MzKMHGJZfBtzhZNycRFnXsHk6E5TxIkkMsgNS7mdX3AGB7x2QM2di4lA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=10'}
+    hasBin: true
+
   serialize-error@7.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-8I8TjW5KMOKsZQTvoxjuSIa7foAwPWGOts+6o7sgjz41/qMD9VQHEDxi6PBvK2l0MXUmqZyNpUK+T2tQaaElvw==}
     engines: {node: '>=10'}
@@ -3593,17 +3599,13 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-pEjMUbwJ5Pl/6Vn6FsamXHXItJXSRftcibixDmNCWbWhic0hzHrwkMZo0IZ7fMRH9KxcWDFSkzhccB4285PutA==}
     engines: {node: '>=4.2'}
 
-  slash@3.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-g9Q1haeby36OSStwb4ntCGGGaKsaVSjQ68fBxoQcutl5fS1vuY18H3wSt3jFyFtrkx+Kz0V1G85A4MyAdDMi2Q==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8'}
-
-  slice-ansi@3.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-pSyv7bSTC7ig9Dcgbw9AuRNUb5k5V6oDudjZoMBSr13qpLBG7tB+zgCkARjq7xIUgdz5P1Qe8u+rSGdouOOIyQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=8'}
+  slice-ansi@7.1.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-iOBWFgUX7caIZiuutICxVgX1SdxwAVFFKwt1EvMYYec/NWO5meOJ6K5uQxhrYBdQJne4KxiqZc+KptFOWFSI9w==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
 
-  slice-ansi@4.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-qMCMfhY040cVHT43K9BFygqYbUPFZKHOg7K73mtTWJRb8pyP3fzf4Ixd5SzdEJQ6MRUg/WBnOLxghZtKKurENQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=10'}
+  slice-ansi@8.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-stxByr12oeeOyY2BlviTNQlYV5xOj47GirPr4yA1hE9JCtxfQN0+tVbkxwCtYDQWhEKWFHsEK48ORg5jrouCAg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
 
   source-map-js@1.2.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-UXWMKhLOwVKb728IUtQPXxfYU+usdybtUrK/8uGE8CQMvrhOpwvzDBwj0QhSL7MQc7vIsISBG8VQ8+IDQxpfQA==}
@@ -3658,10 +3660,6 @@ packages:
   strict-event-emitter@0.5.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-vMgjE/GGEPEFnhFub6pa4FmJBRBVOLpIII2hvCZ8Kzb7K0hlHo7mQv6xYrBvCL2LtAIBwFUK8wvuJgTVSQ5MFQ==}
 
-  string-argv@0.3.1:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-a1uQGz7IyVy9YwhqjZIZu1c8JO8dNIe20xBmSS6qu9kv++k3JGzCVmprbNN5Kn+BgzD5E7YYwg1CcjuJMRNsvg==}
-    engines: {node: '>=0.6.19'}
-
   string-argv@0.3.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-aqD2Q0144Z+/RqG52NeHEkZauTAUWJO8c6yTftGJKO3Tja5tUgIfmIl6kExvhtxSDP7fXB6DvzkfMpCd/F3G+Q==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.6.19'}
@@ -3674,16 +3672,20 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-HnLOCR3vjcY8beoNLtcjZ5/nxn2afmME6lhrDrebokqMap+XbeW8n9TXpPDOqdGK5qcI3oT0GKTW6wC7EMiVqA==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
+  string-width@7.2.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-tsaTIkKW9b4N+AEj+SVA+WhJzV7/zMhcSu78mLKWSk7cXMOSHsBKFWUs0fWwq8QyK3MgJBQRX6Gbi4kYbdvGkQ==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+
+  string-width@8.2.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-6hJPQ8N0V0P3SNmP6h2J99RLuzrWz2gvT7VnK5tKvrNqJoyS9W4/Fb8mo31UiPvy00z7DQXkP2hnKBVav76thw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20'}
+
   string_decoder@1.1.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-n/ShnvDi6FHbbVfviro+WojiFzv+s8MPMHBczVePfUpDJLwoLT0ht1l4YwBCbi8pJAveEEdnkHyPyTP/mzRfwg==}
 
   string_decoder@1.3.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-hkRX8U1WjJFd8LsDJ2yQ/wWWxaopEsABU1XfkM8A+j0+85JAGppt16cr1Whg6KIbb4okU6Mql6BOj+uup/wKeA==}
 
-  stringify-object@3.3.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-rHqiFh1elqCQ9WPLIC8I0Q/g/wj5J1eMkyoiD6eoQApWHP0FtlK7rqnhmabL5VUY9JQCcqwwvlOaSuutekgyrw==}
-    engines: {node: '>=4'}
-
   strip-ansi@6.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -3692,14 +3694,14 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-iq6eVVI64nQQTRYq2KtEg2d2uU7LElhTJwsH4YzIHZshxlgZms/wIc4VoDQTlG/IvVIrBKG06CrZnp0qv7hkcQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
+  strip-ansi@7.2.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-yDPMNjp4WyfYBkHnjIRLfca1i6KMyGCtsVgoKe/z1+6vukgaENdgGBZt+ZmKPc4gavvEZ5OgHfHdrazhgNyG7w==}
+    engines: {node: '>=12'}
+
   strip-bom@4.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-3xurFv5tEgii33Zi8Jtp55wEIILR9eh34FAW00PZf+JnSsTmV/ioewSgQl97JHvgjoRGwPShsWm+IdrxB35d0w==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
 
-  strip-final-newline@2.0.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-BrpvfNAE3dcvq7ll3xVumzjKjZQ5tI1sEUIKr3Uoks0XUl45St3FlatVqef9prk4jRDzhW6WZg+3bk93y6pLjA==}
-    engines: {node: '>=6'}
-
   strip-final-newline@3.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dOESqjYr96iWYylGObzd39EuNTa5VJxyvVAEm5Jnh7KGo75V43Hk1odPQkNDyXNmUR6k+gEiDVXnjB8HJ3crXw==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
@@ -3764,10 +3766,18 @@ packages:
   tinyexec@0.3.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-WiCJLEECkO18gwqIp6+hJg0//p23HXp4S+gGtAKu3mI2F2/sXC4FvHvXvB0zJVVaTPhx1/tOwdbRsa1sOBIKqQ==}
 
+  tinyexec@1.1.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-VKS/ZaQhhkKFMANmAOhhXVoIfBXblQxGX1myCQ2faQrfmobMftXeJPcZGp0gS07ocvGJWDLZGyOZDadDBqYIJg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+
   tinyglobby@0.2.10:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Zc+8eJlFMvgatPZTl6A9L/yht8QqdmUNtURHaKZLmKBE12hNPSrqNkUp2cs3M/UKmNVVAMFQYSjYIVHDjW5zew==}
     engines: {node: '>=12.0.0'}
 
+  tinyglobby@0.2.16:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-pn99VhoACYR8nFHhxqix+uvsbXineAasWm5ojXoN8xEwK5Kd3/TrhNn1wByuD52UxWRLy8pu+kRMniEi6Eq9Zg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=12.0.0'}
+
   tinypool@1.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-al6n+QEANGFOMf/dmUMsuS5/r9B06uwlyNjZZql/zv8J7ybHCgoihBNORZCY2mzUuAnomQa2JdhyHKzZxPCrFA==}
     engines: {node: ^18.0.0 || >=20.0.0}
@@ -3800,11 +3810,11 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-c1PTsA3tYrIsLGkJkzHF+w9F2EyxfXGo4UyJc4pFL++FMjnq0HJS69T3M7d//gKrFKwy429bouPescbjecU+Zw==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
 
-  ts-api-utils@1.4.0:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-032cPxaEKwM+GT3vA5JXNzIaizx388rhsSW79vGRNGXfRRAdEAn2mvk36PvK5HnOchyWZ7afLEXqYCvPCrzuzQ==}
-    engines: {node: '>=16'}
+  ts-api-utils@2.5.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-OJ/ibxhPlqrMM0UiNHJ/0CKQkoKF243/AEmplt3qpRgkW8VG7IfOS41h7V8TjITqdByHzrjcS/2si+y4lIh8NA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18.12'}
     peerDependencies:
-      typescript: '>=4.2.0'
+      typescript: '>=4.8.4'
 
   ts-node@10.9.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-f0FFpIdcHgn8zcPSbf1dRevwt047YMnaiJM3u2w2RewrB+fob/zePZcrOyQoLMMO7aBIddLcQIEK5dYjkLnGrQ==}
@@ -4092,6 +4102,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-si7QWI6zUMq56bESFvagtmzMdGOtoxfR+Sez11Mobfc7tm+VkUckk9bW2UeffTGVUbOksxmSw0AA2gs8g71NCQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=12'}
 
+  wrap-ansi@9.0.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-42AtmgqjV+X1VpdOfyTGOYRi0/zsoLqtXQckTmqTeybT+BDIbM/Guxo7x3pE2vtpr1ok6xRqM9OpBe+Jyoqyww==}
+    engines: {node: '>=18'}
+
   wrappy@1.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-l4Sp/DRseor9wL6EvV2+TuQn63dMkPjZ/sp9XkghTEbV9KlPS1xUsZ3u7/IQO4wxtcFB4bgpQPRcR3QCvezPcQ==}
 
@@ -4127,6 +4141,11 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-r3vXyErRCYJ7wg28yvBY5VSoAF8ZvlcW9/BwUzEtUsjvX/DKs24dIkuwjtuprwJJHsbyUbLApepYTR1BN4uHrg==}
     engines: {node: '>= 6'}
 
+  yaml@2.8.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-AvbaCLOO2Otw/lW5bmh9d/WEdcDFdQp2Z2ZUH3pX9U2ihyUY0nvLv7J6TrWowklRGPYbB/IuIMfYgxaCPg5Bpg==}
+    engines: {node: '>= 14.6'}
+    hasBin: true
+
   yargs-parser@18.1.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-o50j0JeToy/4K6OZcaQmW6lyXXKhq7csREXcDwk2omFPJEwUNOVtJKvmDr9EI1fAJZUyZcRF7kxGBWmRXudrCQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
@@ -4539,8 +4558,15 @@ snapshots:
       eslint: 8.57.1
       eslint-visitor-keys: 3.4.3
 
+  '@eslint-community/eslint-utils@4.9.1(eslint@8.57.1)':
+    dependencies:
+      eslint: 8.57.1
+      eslint-visitor-keys: 3.4.3
+
   '@eslint-community/regexpp@4.12.1': {}
 
+  '@eslint-community/regexpp@4.12.2': {}
+
   '@eslint/eslintrc@2.1.4':
     dependencies:
       ajv: 6.12.6
@@ -4662,6 +4688,10 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@galacean/engine': link:packages/galacean
 
+  '@galacean/engine-toolkit-stats@1.6.0(@galacean/engine@packages+galacean)':
+    dependencies:
+      '@galacean/engine': link:packages/galacean
+
   '@galacean/engine-toolkit@1.3.9(@galacean/engine@packages+galacean)':
     dependencies:
       '@galacean/engine-toolkit-auxiliary-lines': 1.3.9(@galacean/engine@packages+galacean)
@@ -5149,8 +5179,6 @@ snapshots:
 
   '@types/estree@1.0.6': {}
 
-  '@types/json-schema@7.0.15': {}
-
   '@types/keyv@3.1.4':
     dependencies:
       '@types/node': 18.19.64
@@ -5175,99 +5203,102 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@types/node': 18.19.64
 
-  '@types/semver@7.5.8': {}
-
   '@types/statuses@2.0.5': {}
 
   '@types/tough-cookie@4.0.5': {}
 
   '@types/webxr@0.5.22': {}
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin@6.21.0(@typescript-eslint/parser@6.21.0(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3))(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)':
+  '@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin@8.58.1(@typescript-eslint/parser@8.58.1(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3))(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)':
     dependencies:
-      '@eslint-community/regexpp': 4.12.1
-      '@typescript-eslint/parser': 6.21.0(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
-      '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager': 6.21.0
-      '@typescript-eslint/type-utils': 6.21.0(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
-      '@typescript-eslint/utils': 6.21.0(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
-      '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys': 6.21.0
-      debug: 4.3.7
+      '@eslint-community/regexpp': 4.12.2
+      '@typescript-eslint/parser': 8.58.1(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager': 8.58.1
+      '@typescript-eslint/type-utils': 8.58.1(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/utils': 8.58.1(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys': 8.58.1
       eslint: 8.57.1
-      graphemer: 1.4.0
-      ignore: 5.3.2
+      ignore: 7.0.5
       natural-compare: 1.4.0
-      semver: 7.6.3
-      ts-api-utils: 1.4.0(typescript@5.6.3)
-    optionalDependencies:
+      ts-api-utils: 2.5.0(typescript@5.6.3)
       typescript: 5.6.3
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/parser@6.21.0(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)':
+  '@typescript-eslint/parser@8.58.1(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)':
     dependencies:
-      '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager': 6.21.0
-      '@typescript-eslint/types': 6.21.0
-      '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree': 6.21.0(typescript@5.6.3)
-      '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys': 6.21.0
-      debug: 4.3.7
+      '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager': 8.58.1
+      '@typescript-eslint/types': 8.58.1
+      '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree': 8.58.1(typescript@5.6.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys': 8.58.1
+      debug: 4.4.3
       eslint: 8.57.1
-    optionalDependencies:
       typescript: 5.6.3
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager@6.21.0':
+  '@typescript-eslint/project-service@8.58.1(typescript@5.6.3)':
+    dependencies:
+      '@typescript-eslint/tsconfig-utils': 8.58.1(typescript@5.6.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/types': 8.58.1
+      debug: 4.4.3
+      typescript: 5.6.3
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - supports-color
+
+  '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager@8.58.1':
     dependencies:
-      '@typescript-eslint/types': 6.21.0
-      '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys': 6.21.0
+      '@typescript-eslint/types': 8.58.1
+      '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys': 8.58.1
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/type-utils@6.21.0(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)':
+  '@typescript-eslint/tsconfig-utils@8.58.1(typescript@5.6.3)':
     dependencies:
-      '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree': 6.21.0(typescript@5.6.3)
-      '@typescript-eslint/utils': 6.21.0(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
-      debug: 4.3.7
+      typescript: 5.6.3
+
+  '@typescript-eslint/type-utils@8.58.1(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)':
+    dependencies:
+      '@typescript-eslint/types': 8.58.1
+      '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree': 8.58.1(typescript@5.6.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/utils': 8.58.1(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)
+      debug: 4.4.3
       eslint: 8.57.1
-      ts-api-utils: 1.4.0(typescript@5.6.3)
-    optionalDependencies:
+      ts-api-utils: 2.5.0(typescript@5.6.3)
       typescript: 5.6.3
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/types@6.21.0': {}
+  '@typescript-eslint/types@8.58.1': {}
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree@6.21.0(typescript@5.6.3)':
+  '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree@8.58.1(typescript@5.6.3)':
     dependencies:
-      '@typescript-eslint/types': 6.21.0
-      '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys': 6.21.0
-      debug: 4.3.7
-      globby: 11.1.0
-      is-glob: 4.0.3
-      minimatch: 9.0.3
-      semver: 7.6.3
-      ts-api-utils: 1.4.0(typescript@5.6.3)
-    optionalDependencies:
+      '@typescript-eslint/project-service': 8.58.1(typescript@5.6.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/tsconfig-utils': 8.58.1(typescript@5.6.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/types': 8.58.1
+      '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys': 8.58.1
+      debug: 4.4.3
+      minimatch: 10.2.5
+      semver: 7.7.4
+      tinyglobby: 0.2.16
+      ts-api-utils: 2.5.0(typescript@5.6.3)
       typescript: 5.6.3
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/utils@6.21.0(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)':
+  '@typescript-eslint/utils@8.58.1(eslint@8.57.1)(typescript@5.6.3)':
     dependencies:
-      '@eslint-community/eslint-utils': 4.4.1(eslint@8.57.1)
-      '@types/json-schema': 7.0.15
-      '@types/semver': 7.5.8
-      '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager': 6.21.0
-      '@typescript-eslint/types': 6.21.0
-      '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree': 6.21.0(typescript@5.6.3)
+      '@eslint-community/eslint-utils': 4.9.1(eslint@8.57.1)
+      '@typescript-eslint/scope-manager': 8.58.1
+      '@typescript-eslint/types': 8.58.1
+      '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree': 8.58.1(typescript@5.6.3)
       eslint: 8.57.1
-      semver: 7.6.3
+      typescript: 5.6.3
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
-      - typescript
 
-  '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys@6.21.0':
+  '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys@8.58.1':
     dependencies:
-      '@typescript-eslint/types': 6.21.0
-      eslint-visitor-keys: 3.4.3
+      '@typescript-eslint/types': 8.58.1
+      eslint-visitor-keys: 5.0.1
 
   '@ungap/structured-clone@1.2.0': {}
 
@@ -5455,16 +5486,20 @@ snapshots:
       json-schema-traverse: 0.4.1
       uri-js: 4.4.1
 
-  ansi-colors@4.1.3: {}
-
   ansi-escapes@4.3.2:
     dependencies:
       type-fest: 0.21.3
 
+  ansi-escapes@7.3.0:
+    dependencies:
+      environment: 1.1.0
+
   ansi-regex@5.0.1: {}
 
   ansi-regex@6.1.0: {}
 
+  ansi-regex@6.2.2: {}
+
   ansi-styles@4.3.0:
     dependencies:
       color-convert: 2.0.1
@@ -5473,6 +5508,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   ansi-styles@6.2.1: {}
 
+  ansi-styles@6.2.3: {}
+
   anymatch@3.1.3:
     dependencies:
       normalize-path: 3.0.0
@@ -5498,18 +5535,16 @@ snapshots:
 
   array-ify@1.0.0: {}
 
-  array-union@2.1.0: {}
-
   arrify@1.0.1: {}
 
   assertion-error@2.0.1: {}
 
-  astral-regex@2.0.0: {}
-
   at-least-node@1.0.0: {}
 
   balanced-match@1.0.2: {}
 
+  balanced-match@4.0.4: {}
+
   binary-extensions@2.3.0: {}
 
   boolean@3.2.0:
@@ -5524,6 +5559,10 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       balanced-match: 1.0.2
 
+  brace-expansion@5.0.5:
+    dependencies:
+      balanced-match: 4.0.4
+
   braces@3.0.3:
     dependencies:
       fill-range: 7.1.1
@@ -5649,14 +5688,14 @@ snapshots:
 
   clean-stack@2.2.0: {}
 
-  cli-cursor@3.1.0:
+  cli-cursor@5.0.0:
     dependencies:
-      restore-cursor: 3.1.0
+      restore-cursor: 5.1.0
 
-  cli-truncate@2.1.0:
+  cli-truncate@5.2.0:
     dependencies:
-      slice-ansi: 3.0.0
-      string-width: 4.2.3
+      slice-ansi: 8.0.0
+      string-width: 8.2.0
 
   cli-width@4.1.0: {}
 
@@ -5684,11 +5723,11 @@ snapshots:
 
   colorette@2.0.20: {}
 
+  commander@14.0.3: {}
+
   commander@2.20.3:
     optional: true
 
-  commander@6.2.1: {}
-
   commondir@1.0.1: {}
 
   compare-func@2.0.0:
@@ -5785,6 +5824,10 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       ms: 2.1.3
 
+  debug@4.4.3:
+    dependencies:
+      ms: 2.1.3
+
   decamelize-keys@1.1.1:
     dependencies:
       decamelize: 1.2.0
@@ -5796,8 +5839,6 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       mimic-response: 1.0.1
 
-  dedent@0.7.0: {}
-
   deep-eql@5.0.2: {}
 
   deep-is@0.1.4: {}
@@ -5838,10 +5879,6 @@ snapshots:
 
   diff@4.0.2: {}
 
-  dir-glob@3.0.1:
-    dependencies:
-      path-type: 4.0.0
-
   doctrine@3.0.0:
     dependencies:
       esutils: 2.0.3
@@ -5868,6 +5905,8 @@ snapshots:
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
+  emoji-regex@10.6.0: {}
+
   emoji-regex@8.0.0: {}
 
   emoji-regex@9.2.2: {}
@@ -5879,13 +5918,10 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       once: 1.4.0
 
-  enquirer@2.4.1:
-    dependencies:
-      ansi-colors: 4.1.3
-      strip-ansi: 6.0.1
-
   env-paths@2.2.1: {}
 
+  environment@1.1.0: {}
+
   error-ex@1.3.2:
     dependencies:
       is-arrayish: 0.2.1
@@ -6062,6 +6098,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   eslint-visitor-keys@3.4.3: {}
 
+  eslint-visitor-keys@5.0.1: {}
+
   eslint@8.57.1:
     dependencies:
       '@eslint-community/eslint-utils': 4.4.1(eslint@8.57.1)
@@ -6135,17 +6173,7 @@ snapshots:
 
   esutils@2.0.3: {}
 
-  execa@4.1.0:
-    dependencies:
-      cross-spawn: 7.0.5
-      get-stream: 5.2.0
-      human-signals: 1.1.1
-      is-stream: 2.0.1
-      merge-stream: 2.0.0
-      npm-run-path: 4.0.1
-      onetime: 5.1.2
-      signal-exit: 3.0.7
-      strip-final-newline: 2.0.0
+  eventemitter3@5.0.4: {}
 
   execa@8.0.1:
     dependencies:
@@ -6174,14 +6202,6 @@ snapshots:
 
   fast-diff@1.3.0: {}
 
-  fast-glob@3.3.2:
-    dependencies:
-      '@nodelib/fs.stat': 2.0.5
-      '@nodelib/fs.walk': 1.2.8
-      glob-parent: 5.1.2
-      merge2: 1.4.1
-      micromatch: 4.0.8
-
   fast-json-stable-stringify@2.1.0: {}
 
   fast-levenshtein@2.0.6: {}
@@ -6198,6 +6218,10 @@ snapshots:
     optionalDependencies:
       picomatch: 4.0.2
 
+  fdir@6.5.0(picomatch@4.0.4):
+    optionalDependencies:
+      picomatch: 4.0.4
+
   file-entry-cache@6.0.1:
     dependencies:
       flat-cache: 3.2.0
@@ -6279,6 +6303,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   get-caller-file@2.0.5: {}
 
+  get-east-asian-width@1.5.0: {}
+
   get-intrinsic@1.2.4:
     dependencies:
       es-errors: 1.3.0
@@ -6288,8 +6314,6 @@ snapshots:
       hasown: 2.0.2
     optional: true
 
-  get-own-enumerable-property-symbols@3.0.2: {}
-
   get-package-type@0.1.0: {}
 
   get-stdin@8.0.0: {}
@@ -6387,15 +6411,6 @@ snapshots:
       gopd: 1.0.1
     optional: true
 
-  globby@11.1.0:
-    dependencies:
-      array-union: 2.1.0
-      dir-glob: 3.0.1
-      fast-glob: 3.3.2
-      ignore: 5.3.2
-      merge2: 1.4.1
-      slash: 3.0.0
-
   gopd@1.0.1:
     dependencies:
       get-intrinsic: 1.2.4
@@ -6459,14 +6474,14 @@ snapshots:
 
   http-cache-semantics@4.1.1: {}
 
-  human-signals@1.1.1: {}
-
   human-signals@5.0.0: {}
 
   husky@8.0.3: {}
 
   ignore@5.3.2: {}
 
+  ignore@7.0.5: {}
+
   immutable@5.0.2: {}
 
   import-fresh@3.3.0:
@@ -6501,6 +6516,10 @@ snapshots:
 
   is-fullwidth-code-point@3.0.0: {}
 
+  is-fullwidth-code-point@5.1.0:
+    dependencies:
+      get-east-asian-width: 1.5.0
+
   is-glob@4.0.3:
     dependencies:
       is-extglob: 2.1.1
@@ -6511,8 +6530,6 @@ snapshots:
 
   is-number@7.0.0: {}
 
-  is-obj@1.0.1: {}
-
   is-obj@2.0.0: {}
 
   is-path-inside@3.0.3: {}
@@ -6523,8 +6540,6 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@types/estree': 1.0.6
 
-  is-regexp@1.0.0: {}
-
   is-stream@2.0.1: {}
 
   is-stream@3.0.0: {}
@@ -6535,8 +6550,6 @@ snapshots:
 
   is-typedarray@1.0.0: {}
 
-  is-unicode-supported@0.1.0: {}
-
   is-windows@1.0.2: {}
 
   isarray@1.0.0: {}
@@ -6671,38 +6684,23 @@ snapshots:
 
   lines-and-columns@1.2.4: {}
 
-  lint-staged@10.5.4:
+  lint-staged@16.4.0:
     dependencies:
-      chalk: 4.1.2
-      cli-truncate: 2.1.0
-      commander: 6.2.1
-      cosmiconfig: 7.1.0
-      debug: 4.3.7
-      dedent: 0.7.0
-      enquirer: 2.4.1
-      execa: 4.1.0
-      listr2: 3.14.0(enquirer@2.4.1)
-      log-symbols: 4.1.0
-      micromatch: 4.0.8
-      normalize-path: 3.0.0
-      please-upgrade-node: 3.2.0
-      string-argv: 0.3.1
-      stringify-object: 3.3.0
-    transitivePeerDependencies:
-      - supports-color
+      commander: 14.0.3
+      listr2: 9.0.5
+      picomatch: 4.0.4
+      string-argv: 0.3.2
+      tinyexec: 1.1.1
+      yaml: 2.8.3
 
-  listr2@3.14.0(enquirer@2.4.1):
+  listr2@9.0.5:
     dependencies:
-      cli-truncate: 2.1.0
+      cli-truncate: 5.2.0
       colorette: 2.0.20
-      log-update: 4.0.0
-      p-map: 4.0.0
+      eventemitter3: 5.0.4
+      log-update: 6.1.0
       rfdc: 1.4.1
-      rxjs: 7.8.1
-      through: 2.3.8
-      wrap-ansi: 7.0.0
-    optionalDependencies:
-      enquirer: 2.4.1
+      wrap-ansi: 9.0.2
 
   locate-path@5.0.0:
     dependencies:
@@ -6718,17 +6716,13 @@ snapshots:
 
   lodash@4.17.21: {}
 
-  log-symbols@4.1.0:
-    dependencies:
-      chalk: 4.1.2
-      is-unicode-supported: 0.1.0
-
-  log-update@4.0.0:
+  log-update@6.1.0:
     dependencies:
-      ansi-escapes: 4.3.2
-      cli-cursor: 3.1.0
-      slice-ansi: 4.0.0
-      wrap-ansi: 6.2.0
+      ansi-escapes: 7.3.0
+      cli-cursor: 5.0.0
+      slice-ansi: 7.1.2
+      strip-ansi: 7.1.0
+      wrap-ansi: 9.0.2
 
   loupe@3.1.2: {}
 
@@ -6797,30 +6791,29 @@ snapshots:
 
   merge-stream@2.0.0: {}
 
-  merge2@1.4.1: {}
-
   micromatch@4.0.8:
     dependencies:
       braces: 3.0.3
       picomatch: 2.3.1
+    optional: true
 
   mime@2.6.0: {}
 
-  mimic-fn@2.1.0: {}
-
   mimic-fn@4.0.0: {}
 
+  mimic-function@5.0.1: {}
+
   mimic-response@1.0.1: {}
 
   min-indent@1.0.1: {}
 
-  minimatch@3.1.2:
+  minimatch@10.2.5:
     dependencies:
-      brace-expansion: 1.1.11
+      brace-expansion: 5.0.5
 
-  minimatch@9.0.3:
+  minimatch@3.1.2:
     dependencies:
-      brace-expansion: 2.0.1
+      brace-expansion: 1.1.11
 
   minimatch@9.0.5:
     dependencies:
@@ -6934,10 +6927,6 @@ snapshots:
       pify: 3.0.0
     optional: true
 
-  npm-run-path@4.0.1:
-    dependencies:
-      path-key: 3.1.1
-
   npm-run-path@5.3.0:
     dependencies:
       path-key: 4.0.0
@@ -6994,14 +6983,14 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       wrappy: 1.0.2
 
-  onetime@5.1.2:
-    dependencies:
-      mimic-fn: 2.1.0
-
   onetime@6.0.0:
     dependencies:
       mimic-fn: 4.0.0
 
+  onetime@7.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      mimic-function: 5.0.1
+
   opener@1.5.2: {}
 
   optionator@0.9.4:
@@ -7037,10 +7026,6 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       aggregate-error: 3.1.0
 
-  p-map@4.0.0:
-    dependencies:
-      aggregate-error: 3.1.0
-
   p-try@2.2.0: {}
 
   package-hash@4.0.0:
@@ -7100,6 +7085,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   picomatch@4.0.2: {}
 
+  picomatch@4.0.4: {}
+
   pify@3.0.0:
     optional: true
 
@@ -7121,10 +7108,6 @@ snapshots:
     optionalDependencies:
       fsevents: 2.3.2
 
-  please-upgrade-node@3.2.0:
-    dependencies:
-      semver-compare: 1.0.0
-
   postcss@8.4.49:
     dependencies:
       nanoid: 3.3.7
@@ -7261,10 +7244,10 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       lowercase-keys: 1.0.1
 
-  restore-cursor@3.1.0:
+  restore-cursor@5.1.0:
     dependencies:
-      onetime: 5.1.2
-      signal-exit: 3.0.7
+      onetime: 7.0.0
+      signal-exit: 4.1.0
 
   reusify@1.0.4: {}
 
@@ -7355,10 +7338,6 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       queue-microtask: 1.2.3
 
-  rxjs@7.8.1:
-    dependencies:
-      tslib: 2.8.1
-
   safe-buffer@5.1.2: {}
 
   safe-buffer@5.2.1: {}
@@ -7371,7 +7350,8 @@ snapshots:
     optionalDependencies:
       '@parcel/watcher': 2.5.0
 
-  semver-compare@1.0.0: {}
+  semver-compare@1.0.0:
+    optional: true
 
   semver@5.7.2: {}
 
@@ -7381,6 +7361,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   semver@7.6.3: {}
 
+  semver@7.7.4: {}
+
   serialize-error@7.0.1:
     dependencies:
       type-fest: 0.13.1
@@ -7416,19 +7398,15 @@ snapshots:
 
   skip-regex@1.0.2: {}
 
-  slash@3.0.0: {}
-
-  slice-ansi@3.0.0:
+  slice-ansi@7.1.2:
     dependencies:
-      ansi-styles: 4.3.0
-      astral-regex: 2.0.0
-      is-fullwidth-code-point: 3.0.0
+      ansi-styles: 6.2.1
+      is-fullwidth-code-point: 5.1.0
 
-  slice-ansi@4.0.0:
+  slice-ansi@8.0.0:
     dependencies:
-      ansi-styles: 4.3.0
-      astral-regex: 2.0.0
-      is-fullwidth-code-point: 3.0.0
+      ansi-styles: 6.2.3
+      is-fullwidth-code-point: 5.1.0
 
   source-map-js@1.2.1: {}
 
@@ -7482,8 +7460,6 @@ snapshots:
 
   strict-event-emitter@0.5.1: {}
 
-  string-argv@0.3.1: {}
-
   string-argv@0.3.2: {}
 
   string-width@4.2.3:
@@ -7498,6 +7474,17 @@ snapshots:
       emoji-regex: 9.2.2
       strip-ansi: 7.1.0
 
+  string-width@7.2.0:
+    dependencies:
+      emoji-regex: 10.6.0
+      get-east-asian-width: 1.5.0
+      strip-ansi: 7.1.0
+
+  string-width@8.2.0:
+    dependencies:
+      get-east-asian-width: 1.5.0
+      strip-ansi: 7.2.0
+
   string_decoder@1.1.1:
     dependencies:
       safe-buffer: 5.1.2
@@ -7506,12 +7493,6 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       safe-buffer: 5.2.1
 
-  stringify-object@3.3.0:
-    dependencies:
-      get-own-enumerable-property-symbols: 3.0.2
-      is-obj: 1.0.1
-      is-regexp: 1.0.0
-
   strip-ansi@6.0.1:
     dependencies:
       ansi-regex: 5.0.1
@@ -7520,9 +7501,11 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       ansi-regex: 6.1.0
 
-  strip-bom@4.0.0: {}
+  strip-ansi@7.2.0:
+    dependencies:
+      ansi-regex: 6.2.2
 
-  strip-final-newline@2.0.0: {}
+  strip-bom@4.0.0: {}
 
   strip-final-newline@3.0.0: {}
 
@@ -7592,11 +7575,18 @@ snapshots:
 
   tinyexec@0.3.1: {}
 
+  tinyexec@1.1.1: {}
+
   tinyglobby@0.2.10:
     dependencies:
       fdir: 6.4.2(picomatch@4.0.2)
       picomatch: 4.0.2
 
+  tinyglobby@0.2.16:
+    dependencies:
+      fdir: 6.5.0(picomatch@4.0.4)
+      picomatch: 4.0.4
+
   tinypool@1.0.2: {}
 
   tinyrainbow@1.2.0: {}
@@ -7620,7 +7610,7 @@ snapshots:
 
   trim-newlines@3.0.1: {}
 
-  ts-api-utils@1.4.0(typescript@5.6.3):
+  ts-api-utils@2.5.0(typescript@5.6.3):
     dependencies:
       typescript: 5.6.3
 
@@ -7738,7 +7728,7 @@ snapshots:
   vite-node@2.1.5(@types/node@18.19.64)(sass@1.81.0)(terser@5.44.1):
     dependencies:
       cac: 6.7.14
-      debug: 4.3.7
+      debug: 4.4.3
       es-module-lexer: 1.5.4
       pathe: 1.1.2
       vite: 5.4.11(@types/node@18.19.64)(sass@1.81.0)(terser@5.44.1)
@@ -7831,7 +7821,7 @@ snapshots:
       '@vitest/spy': 2.1.5
       '@vitest/utils': 2.1.5
       chai: 5.1.2
-      debug: 4.3.7
+      debug: 4.4.3
       expect-type: 1.1.0
       magic-string: 0.30.12
       pathe: 1.1.2
@@ -7892,6 +7882,12 @@ snapshots:
       string-width: 5.1.2
       strip-ansi: 7.1.0
 
+  wrap-ansi@9.0.2:
+    dependencies:
+      ansi-styles: 6.2.1
+      string-width: 7.2.0
+      strip-ansi: 7.1.0
+
   wrappy@1.0.2: {}
 
   write-file-atomic@3.0.3:
@@ -7913,6 +7909,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   yaml@1.10.2: {}
 
+  yaml@2.8.3: {}
+
   yargs-parser@18.1.3:
     dependencies:
       camelcase: 5.3.1
diff --git a/rollup-plugin-glsl.js b/rollup-plugin-glsl.js
index cc545c623b..3a48c3efc9 100644
--- a/rollup-plugin-glsl.js
+++ b/rollup-plugin-glsl.js
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ function compressShader(code) {
 export default function glsl(userOptions = {}) {
   const options = Object.assign(
     {
-      include: ["**/*.vs", "**/*.fs", "**/*.vert", "**/*.frag", "**/*.glsl"]
+      include: ["**/*.vs", "**/*.fs", "**/*.vert", "**/*.frag", "**/*.glsl", "**/*.shader"]
     },
     userOptions
   );
diff --git a/rollup.config.js b/rollup.config.js
index b72def7cb8..dd57ae8a1b 100644
--- a/rollup.config.js
+++ b/rollup.config.js
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ const extensions = [".js", ".jsx", ".ts", ".tsx"];
 const mainFields = NODE_ENV === "development" ? ["debug", "module", "main"] : undefined;
 
 const glslPlugin = glsl({
-  include: [/\.(glsl|gs)$/],
+  include: [/\.(glsl|shader)$/],
   compress: false
 });
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ function config({ location, pkgJson, verboseMode }) {
           glslifyPluginIdx,
           1,
           glsl({
-            include: [/\.(glsl|gs)$/],
+            include: [/\.(glsl|shader)$/],
             compress: true
           })
         );
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ function config({ location, pkgJson, verboseMode }) {
           glslifyPluginIdx,
           1,
           glsl({
-            include: [/\.(glsl|gs)$/],
+            include: [/\.(glsl|shader)$/],
             compress: true
           })
         );
diff --git a/tests/package.json b/tests/package.json
index bcf0debcb4..54d04b4aa5 100644
--- a/tests/package.json
+++ b/tests/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@galacean/engine-tests",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "2.0.0-alpha.24",
+  "version": "0.0.0-experimental-2.0-game.14",
   "license": "MIT",
   "main": "dist/main.js",
   "module": "dist/module.js",
diff --git a/tests/src/core/Animator.test.ts b/tests/src/core/Animator.test.ts
index c37d476a92..69026b5a1e 100644
--- a/tests/src/core/Animator.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/core/Animator.test.ts
@@ -238,6 +238,89 @@ describe("Animator test", function () {
     expect(layerState).to.eq(2);
   });
 
+  it("crossFade advances with per-instance playData speed instead of shared AnimatorState speed", () => {
+    const sharedStates = animator.animatorController.layers[0].stateMachine.states;
+    const sharedWalkState = sharedStates.find((state) => state.name === "Walk");
+    const sharedRunState = sharedStates.find((state) => state.name === "Run");
+    const oldWalkSpeed = sharedWalkState.speed;
+    const oldRunSpeed = sharedRunState.speed;
+
+    try {
+      animator.play("Walk");
+      animator.crossFade("Run", 1.0, 0);
+
+      const layerData = animator["_animatorLayersData"][0];
+      layerData.srcPlayData.speed = 0.25;
+      layerData.destPlayData.speed = 0.25;
+      sharedWalkState.speed = 10;
+      sharedRunState.speed = 10;
+
+      const srcPlayedTime = layerData.srcPlayData.playedTime;
+      const destPlayedTime = layerData.destPlayData.playedTime;
+      // @ts-ignore
+      animator.engine.time._frameCount++;
+      animator.update(0.2);
+
+      expect(layerData.srcPlayData.playedTime - srcPlayedTime).toBeCloseTo(0.05, 5);
+      expect(layerData.destPlayData.playedTime - destPlayedTime).toBeCloseTo(0.05, 5);
+    } finally {
+      sharedWalkState.speed = oldWalkSpeed;
+      sharedRunState.speed = oldRunSpeed;
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("playData wrapMode overrides shared AnimatorState wrapMode per instance", () => {
+    const sharedWalkState = animator.animatorController.layers[0].stateMachine.states.find(
+      (state) => state.name === "Walk"
+    );
+    const oldWrapMode = sharedWalkState.wrapMode;
+
+    try {
+      sharedWalkState.wrapMode = WrapMode.Loop;
+      animator.play("Walk");
+
+      const layerData = animator["_animatorLayersData"][0];
+      const playData = layerData.srcPlayData;
+      playData.wrapMode = WrapMode.Once;
+
+      expect(sharedWalkState.wrapMode).to.eq(WrapMode.Loop);
+
+      // @ts-ignore
+      animator.engine.time._frameCount++;
+      animator.update(playData.state.clip.length + 0.1);
+
+      expect(layerData.layerState).to.eq(LayerState.Finished);
+    } finally {
+      sharedWalkState.wrapMode = oldWrapMode;
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("playData wrapMode does not leak between animators sharing one controller", () => {
+    const sharedWalkState = animator.animatorController.layers[0].stateMachine.states.find(
+      (state) => state.name === "Walk"
+    );
+    const oldWrapMode = sharedWalkState.wrapMode;
+    const otherEntity = new Entity(engine);
+    const otherAnimator = otherEntity.addComponent(Animator);
+    otherAnimator.animatorController = animator.animatorController;
+
+    try {
+      sharedWalkState.wrapMode = WrapMode.Loop;
+      animator.play("Walk");
+      otherAnimator.play("Walk");
+
+      const playData = animator["_animatorLayersData"][0].srcPlayData;
+      const otherPlayData = otherAnimator["_animatorLayersData"][0].srcPlayData;
+      playData.wrapMode = WrapMode.Once;
+
+      expect(otherPlayData.wrapMode).to.eq(WrapMode.Loop);
+      expect(sharedWalkState.wrapMode).to.eq(WrapMode.Loop);
+    } finally {
+      sharedWalkState.wrapMode = oldWrapMode;
+      otherEntity.destroy();
+    }
+  });
+
   it("cross fade in fixed time", () => {
     const runState = animator.findAnimatorState("Run");
     animator.play("Walk");
@@ -307,7 +390,7 @@ describe("Animator test", function () {
     const additiveLayer = new AnimatorControllerLayer("additiveLayer");
     additiveLayer.stateMachine = animatorStateMachine;
     const mask = AnimatorLayerMask.createByEntity(animator.entity);
-    mask.setPathMaskActive("_rootJoint/b_Root_00/b_Hip_01/b_Spine01_02/b_Spine02_03/b_Neck_04", false, true);
+    mask.setPathMaskActive("root/_rootJoint/b_Root_00/b_Hip_01/b_Spine01_02/b_Spine02_03/b_Neck_04", false, true);
     additiveLayer.mask = mask;
     additiveLayer.blendingMode = AnimatorLayerBlendingMode.Additive;
     animatorController.addLayer(additiveLayer);
@@ -319,12 +402,12 @@ describe("Animator test", function () {
     animator.play("Walk", 0);
     animator.play("Run", 1);
 
-    const parentEntity = animator.entity.findByPath("_rootJoint/b_Root_00/b_Hip_01/b_Spine01_02/b_Spine02_03/");
+    const parentEntity = animator.entity.findByPath("root/_rootJoint/b_Root_00/b_Hip_01/b_Spine01_02/b_Spine02_03/");
     const targetEntity = animator.entity.findByPath(
-      "_rootJoint/b_Root_00/b_Hip_01/b_Spine01_02/b_Spine02_03/b_Neck_04"
+      "root/_rootJoint/b_Root_00/b_Hip_01/b_Spine01_02/b_Spine02_03/b_Neck_04"
     );
     const childEntity = animator.entity.findByPath(
-      "_rootJoint/b_Root_00/b_Hip_01/b_Spine01_02/b_Spine02_03/b_Neck_04/b_Head_05"
+      "root/_rootJoint/b_Root_00/b_Hip_01/b_Spine01_02/b_Spine02_03/b_Neck_04/b_Head_05"
     );
 
     let layerData = animator["_animatorLayersData"][1];
@@ -338,7 +421,7 @@ describe("Animator test", function () {
     expect(childLayerCurveOwner.isActive).to.eq(false);
 
     animator.animatorController.removeLayer(1);
-    mask.removePathMask("_rootJoint/b_Root_00/b_Hip_01/b_Spine01_02/b_Spine02_03/b_Neck_04/b_Head_05");
+    mask.removePathMask("root/_rootJoint/b_Root_00/b_Hip_01/b_Spine01_02/b_Spine02_03/b_Neck_04/b_Head_05");
     animator.animatorController.addLayer(additiveLayer);
     animator.play("Run", 1);
     layerData = animator["_animatorLayersData"][1];
@@ -350,7 +433,7 @@ describe("Animator test", function () {
     animator.play("Walk");
 
     class TestScript extends Script {
-      event0(): void { }
+      event0(): void {}
     }
 
     const testScript = animator.entity.addComponent(TestScript);
@@ -366,6 +449,58 @@ describe("Animator test", function () {
     expect(testScriptSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
+  it("does not refire animation events when a once clip reaches the end", () => {
+    const entity = new Entity(engine);
+    const onceAnimator = entity.addComponent(Animator);
+    const controller = new AnimatorController(engine);
+    const layer = new AnimatorControllerLayer("Base Layer");
+    controller.addLayer(layer);
+
+    const state = layer.stateMachine.addState("once");
+    state.wrapMode = WrapMode.Once;
+
+    const clip = new AnimationClip("once-clip");
+    const curve = new AnimationFloatCurve();
+    const start = new Keyframe<number>();
+    const end = new Keyframe<number>();
+    start.time = 0;
+    start.value = 0;
+    end.time = 1;
+    end.value = 1;
+    curve.addKey(start);
+    curve.addKey(end);
+    clip.addCurveBinding("", Transform, "position.x", curve);
+
+    class TestScript extends Script {
+      event0(): void {}
+    }
+
+    const event0 = new AnimationEvent();
+    event0.functionName = "event0";
+    event0.time = 0.5;
+    clip.addEvent(event0);
+    state.clip = clip;
+    onceAnimator.animatorController = controller;
+
+    const testScript = entity.addComponent(TestScript);
+    const testScriptSpy = vi.spyOn(testScript, "event0");
+
+    try {
+      onceAnimator.play("once");
+      // @ts-ignore
+      onceAnimator.engine.time._frameCount++;
+      onceAnimator.update(0.75);
+      expect(testScriptSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+      // @ts-ignore
+      onceAnimator.engine.time._frameCount++;
+      onceAnimator.update(0.5);
+      expect(testScriptSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    } finally {
+      entity.destroy();
+    }
+  });
+
   it("stateMachine", () => {
     animator.animatorController.addParameter("playerSpeed", 1);
     const stateMachine = animator.animatorController.layers[0].stateMachine;
@@ -792,8 +927,8 @@ describe("Animator test", function () {
     animator.animatorController = animatorController;
 
     class TestScript extends StateMachineScript {
-      onStateEnter(animator) { }
-      onStateExit(animator) { }
+      onStateEnter(animator) {}
+      onStateExit(animator) {}
     }
 
     const testScript = state1.addStateMachineScript(TestScript);
@@ -1046,6 +1181,48 @@ describe("Animator test", function () {
     expect(animator.entity.clone().getComponent(Animator).animatorController).to.eq(animator.animatorController);
   });
 
+  it("samples self-name-prefixed curve paths on wrapped roots", () => {
+    const wrappedRoot = new Entity(engine, "GLTF_ROOT");
+    const hips = new Entity(engine, "mixamorig:Hips");
+    const spine = new Entity(engine, "mixamorig:Spine");
+    hips.parent = wrappedRoot;
+    spine.parent = hips;
+
+    const clip = new AnimationClip("idle");
+    const hipsCurve = new AnimationFloatCurve();
+    const spineCurve = new AnimationFloatCurve();
+    const hipsStart = new Keyframe<number>();
+    const hipsEnd = new Keyframe<number>();
+    hipsStart.time = 0;
+    hipsStart.value = 0;
+    hipsEnd.time = 0.1;
+    hipsEnd.value = 1;
+    hipsCurve.addKey(hipsStart);
+    hipsCurve.addKey(hipsEnd);
+
+    const spineStart = new Keyframe<number>();
+    const spineEnd = new Keyframe<number>();
+    spineStart.time = 0;
+    spineStart.value = 0;
+    spineEnd.time = 0.1;
+    spineEnd.value = 1;
+    spineCurve.addKey(spineStart);
+    spineCurve.addKey(spineEnd);
+
+    clip.addCurveBinding("mixamorig:Hips", Transform, "position.x", hipsCurve);
+    clip.addCurveBinding("mixamorig:Hips/mixamorig:Spine", Transform, "position.y", spineCurve);
+
+    expect(wrappedRoot.findByPath("mixamorig:Hips")).to.eq(hips);
+    expect(wrappedRoot.findByPath("mixamorig:Hips/mixamorig:Spine")).to.eq(spine);
+
+    // @ts-ignore
+    clip._sampleAnimation(wrappedRoot, 0.1);
+
+    expect(wrappedRoot.transform.position.x).to.eq(0);
+    expect(hips.transform.position.x).to.eq(1);
+    expect(spine.transform.position.y).to.eq(1);
+  });
+
   it("anyState transition interrupts crossFade", () => {
     const { animatorController } = animator;
     animatorController.addParameter("interrupt", false);
diff --git a/tests/src/core/AnimatorHang.test.ts b/tests/src/core/AnimatorHang.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99a8a5ba14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/core/AnimatorHang.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { Animator, Camera } from "@galacean/engine-core";
+import "@galacean/engine-loader";
+import type { GLTFResource } from "@galacean/engine-loader";
+import { WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine-rhi-webgl";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { glbResource } from "./model/fox";
+const canvasDOM = document.createElement("canvas");
+canvasDOM.width = 1024;
+canvasDOM.height = 1024;
+describe("Canvas 1024 test", async function () {
+  const engine = await WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: canvasDOM });
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity();
+  rootEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+  const resource = await engine.resourceManager.load<GLTFResource>(glbResource);
+  const defaultSceneRoot = resource.defaultSceneRoot;
+  rootEntity.addChild(defaultSceneRoot);
+  const animator = defaultSceneRoot.getComponent(Animator);
+  it("loaded", () => { expect(animator).not.eq(null); });
+});
diff --git a/tests/src/core/Camera.test.ts b/tests/src/core/Camera.test.ts
index 52ae7890d1..5f77077f7f 100644
--- a/tests/src/core/Camera.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/core/Camera.test.ts
@@ -245,10 +245,64 @@ describe("camera test", function () {
     expect(Math.abs(ray.direction.z)).not.eq(Infinity);
   });
 
+  it("screenPointToRay should ignore inherited scale from parent entity", () => {
+    // Simulate UICanvas scenario: camera is a child of a scaled parent entity
+    const scene = engine.sceneManager.scenes[0];
+    const parentEntity = scene.createRootEntity("scaledParent");
+    parentEntity.transform.setScale(1.5, 1.5, 1.5);
+    parentEntity.transform.setPosition(100, 200, 0);
+
+    const childEntity = parentEntity.createChild("cameraChild");
+    childEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 500);
+    const scaledCamera = childEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+    scaledCamera.isOrthographic = true;
+    scaledCamera.orthographicSize = 5;
+    scaledCamera.nearClipPlane = 0.1;
+    scaledCamera.farClipPlane = 1000;
+
+    // A camera without inherited scale at the same world position/rotation for comparison
+    const refEntity = scene.createRootEntity("refCamera");
+    refEntity.transform.setWorldPosition(
+      childEntity.transform.worldPosition.x,
+      childEntity.transform.worldPosition.y,
+      childEntity.transform.worldPosition.z
+    );
+    const refCamera = refEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+    refCamera.isOrthographic = true;
+    refCamera.orthographicSize = 5;
+    refCamera.nearClipPlane = 0.1;
+    refCamera.farClipPlane = 1000;
+
+    // Both cameras should produce the same ray for the same screen point
+    const screenPoint = new Vector2(128, 128);
+    const rayScaled = scaledCamera.screenPointToRay(screenPoint, new Ray());
+    const rayRef = refCamera.screenPointToRay(screenPoint, new Ray());
+
+    expect(rayScaled.origin.x).to.be.closeTo(rayRef.origin.x, 0.001);
+    expect(rayScaled.origin.y).to.be.closeTo(rayRef.origin.y, 0.001);
+    expect(rayScaled.direction.x).to.be.closeTo(rayRef.direction.x, 0.001);
+    expect(rayScaled.direction.y).to.be.closeTo(rayRef.direction.y, 0.001);
+    expect(rayScaled.direction.z).to.be.closeTo(rayRef.direction.z, 0.001);
+
+    // Round-trip: worldToViewportPoint -> viewportToWorldPoint should be accurate
+    const worldPoint = new Vector3(105, 210, 0);
+    const viewportPoint = scaledCamera.worldToViewportPoint(worldPoint, new Vector3());
+    const recoveredPoint = scaledCamera.viewportToWorldPoint(viewportPoint, new Vector3());
+    expect(recoveredPoint.x).to.be.closeTo(worldPoint.x, 0.01);
+    expect(recoveredPoint.y).to.be.closeTo(worldPoint.y, 0.01);
+    expect(recoveredPoint.z).to.be.closeTo(worldPoint.z, 0.01);
+
+    // Clean up
+    scaledCamera.destroy();
+    refCamera.destroy();
+    parentEntity.destroy();
+    refEntity.destroy();
+  });
+
   /*
     Attention:
-    Below methods will change the default view of current Camera. 
-    If executed in advance, it will affect the expected results of other test cases, 
+    Below methods will change the default view of current Camera.
+    If executed in advance, it will affect the expected results of other test cases,
     so it should be placed at the end of the test case execution.
   */
   it("projection matrix", () => {
diff --git a/tests/src/core/CloneUtils.test.ts b/tests/src/core/CloneUtils.test.ts
index 7d7195f323..80ffbe27dd 100644
--- a/tests/src/core/CloneUtils.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/core/CloneUtils.test.ts
@@ -87,6 +87,26 @@ class NestedObjectScript extends Script {
   config: { target: Entity; label: string } = { target: null, label: "" };
 }
 
+/** Script with UNDECORATED array of entities (no @deepClone) */
+class UndecoratedArrayScript extends Script {
+  entities: Entity[] = [];
+}
+
+/** Script with UNDECORATED nested object containing entity refs */
+class UndecoratedObjectScript extends Script {
+  config: { target: Entity; label: string } = { target: null, label: "" };
+}
+
+/** Script with UNDECORATED nested array of arrays containing entities */
+class NestedArrayScript extends Script {
+  groups: Entity[][] = [];
+}
+
+/** Script with UNDECORATED Map containing entity values */
+class MapRefScript extends Script {
+  entityMap: Map<string, Entity> = new Map();
+}
+
 /** Script for testing multiple same-type components on one entity */
 class CounterScript extends Script {
   value: number = 0;
@@ -244,7 +264,9 @@ describe("Clone remap", async () => {
       expect(clonedScript.speed).eq(42);
       expect(clonedScript.name2).eq("test");
       expect(clonedScript.flag).eq(true);
-      expect(clonedScript.data).eq(obj);
+      // Plain objects are now deep cloned (independent copy) for undecorated properties
+      expect(clonedScript.data).not.eq(obj);
+      expect((<any>clonedScript.data).x).eq(1);
 
       rootEntity.destroy();
     });
@@ -873,4 +895,142 @@ describe("Clone remap", async () => {
       rootEntity.destroy();
     });
   });
+
+  describe("Undecorated array auto clone + remap (type inference)", () => {
+    it("undecorated entity array should create new array and remap elements", () => {
+      const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("root");
+      const parent = rootEntity.createChild("parent");
+      const childA = parent.createChild("childA");
+      const childB = parent.createChild("childB");
+      const script = parent.addComponent(UndecoratedArrayScript);
+      script.entities = [childA, childB];
+
+      const cloned = parent.clone();
+      const cs = cloned.getComponent(UndecoratedArrayScript);
+
+      expect(cs.entities).not.eq(script.entities);
+      expect(cs.entities.length).eq(2);
+      expect(cs.entities[0]).not.eq(childA);
+      expect(cs.entities[1]).not.eq(childB);
+      expect(cs.entities[0]).eq(cloned.children[0]);
+      expect(cs.entities[1]).eq(cloned.children[1]);
+
+      rootEntity.destroy();
+    });
+
+    it("undecorated entity array with external ref keeps original", () => {
+      const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("root");
+      const parent = rootEntity.createChild("parent");
+      const child = parent.createChild("child");
+      const external = rootEntity.createChild("external");
+      const script = parent.addComponent(UndecoratedArrayScript);
+      script.entities = [child, external];
+
+      const cloned = parent.clone();
+      const cs = cloned.getComponent(UndecoratedArrayScript);
+
+      expect(cs.entities[0]).eq(cloned.children[0]);
+      expect(cs.entities[1]).eq(external);
+
+      rootEntity.destroy();
+    });
+
+    it("undecorated empty array stays empty with independent reference", () => {
+      const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("root");
+      const parent = rootEntity.createChild("parent");
+      const script = parent.addComponent(UndecoratedArrayScript);
+      script.entities = [];
+
+      const cloned = parent.clone();
+      const cs = cloned.getComponent(UndecoratedArrayScript);
+
+      expect(cs.entities).not.eq(script.entities);
+      expect(cs.entities.length).eq(0);
+
+      rootEntity.destroy();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("Undecorated nested object auto clone + remap (type inference)", () => {
+    it("undecorated object with entity ref should deep clone and remap", () => {
+      const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("root");
+      const parent = rootEntity.createChild("parent");
+      const child = parent.createChild("child");
+      const script = parent.addComponent(UndecoratedObjectScript);
+      script.config = { target: child, label: "hello" };
+
+      const cloned = parent.clone();
+      const cs = cloned.getComponent(UndecoratedObjectScript);
+
+      expect(cs.config).not.eq(script.config);
+      expect(cs.config.label).eq("hello");
+      expect(cs.config.target).not.eq(child);
+      expect(cs.config.target).eq(cloned.children[0]);
+
+      rootEntity.destroy();
+    });
+
+    it("undecorated object with external entity ref keeps original", () => {
+      const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("root");
+      const parent = rootEntity.createChild("parent");
+      const external = rootEntity.createChild("external");
+      const script = parent.addComponent(UndecoratedObjectScript);
+      script.config = { target: external, label: "ext" };
+
+      const cloned = parent.clone();
+      const cs = cloned.getComponent(UndecoratedObjectScript);
+
+      expect(cs.config.target).eq(external);
+      expect(cs.config.label).eq("ext");
+
+      rootEntity.destroy();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("Nested array of arrays with entity refs (type inference)", () => {
+    it("undecorated nested entity arrays should recursively clone and remap", () => {
+      const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("root");
+      const parent = rootEntity.createChild("parent");
+      const childA = parent.createChild("childA");
+      const childB = parent.createChild("childB");
+      const childC = parent.createChild("childC");
+      const script = parent.addComponent(NestedArrayScript);
+      script.groups = [[childA, childB], [childC]];
+
+      const cloned = parent.clone();
+      const cs = cloned.getComponent(NestedArrayScript);
+
+      expect(cs.groups).not.eq(script.groups);
+      expect(cs.groups.length).eq(2);
+      expect(cs.groups[0]).not.eq(script.groups[0]);
+      expect(cs.groups[1]).not.eq(script.groups[1]);
+      expect(cs.groups[0][0]).eq(cloned.children[0]);
+      expect(cs.groups[0][1]).eq(cloned.children[1]);
+      expect(cs.groups[1][0]).eq(cloned.children[2]);
+
+      rootEntity.destroy();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("Map with entity values (type inference)", () => {
+    it("undecorated Map should create new Map and remap entity values", () => {
+      const rootEntity = scene.createRootEntity("root");
+      const parent = rootEntity.createChild("parent");
+      const child = parent.createChild("child");
+      const external = rootEntity.createChild("external");
+      const script = parent.addComponent(MapRefScript);
+      script.entityMap.set("internal", child);
+      script.entityMap.set("external", external);
+
+      const cloned = parent.clone();
+      const cs = cloned.getComponent(MapRefScript);
+
+      expect(cs.entityMap).not.eq(script.entityMap);
+      expect(cs.entityMap.size).eq(2);
+      expect(cs.entityMap.get("internal")).eq(cloned.children[0]);
+      expect(cs.entityMap.get("external")).eq(external);
+
+      rootEntity.destroy();
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/tests/src/core/Entity.test.ts b/tests/src/core/Entity.test.ts
index 2fe8f908ad..212ee84286 100644
--- a/tests/src/core/Entity.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/core/Entity.test.ts
@@ -320,6 +320,19 @@ describe("Entity", async () => {
       expect(parent.findByPath("child/grandson")).eq(grandson2);
     });
 
+    it("findByPath accepts self-name prefix", () => {
+      const parent = new Entity(engine, "parent");
+      parent.parent = scene.getRootEntity();
+      const child = new Entity(engine, "child");
+      child.parent = parent;
+      const grandson = new Entity(engine, "grandson");
+      grandson.parent = child;
+
+      expect(parent.findByPath("parent")).eq(parent);
+      expect(parent.findByPath("parent/child")).eq(child);
+      expect(parent.findByPath("parent/child/grandson")).eq(grandson);
+    });
+
     it("clearChildren", () => {
       const parent = new Entity(engine, "parent");
 
@@ -328,8 +341,29 @@ describe("Entity", async () => {
       child.parent = parent;
       const child2 = new Entity(engine, "child2");
       child2.parent = parent;
+
+      const parentModifyCount = [0, 0, 0];
+      const childModifyCount = [0, 0, 0];
+      const child2ModifyCount = [0, 0, 0];
+      // @ts-ignore
+      parent._registerModifyListener((flag: EntityModifyFlags) => ++parentModifyCount[flag]);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      child._registerModifyListener((flag: EntityModifyFlags) => ++childModifyCount[flag]);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      child2._registerModifyListener((flag: EntityModifyFlags) => ++child2ModifyCount[flag]);
+
       parent.clearChildren();
       expect(parent.children.length).eq(0);
+
+      // Parent should receive a single `Child` modify event for the whole clear so
+      // listeners (e.g. UICanvas) can invalidate their cached state.
+      expect(parentModifyCount[EntityModifyFlags.Child]).eq(1);
+      // Each detached child should receive a `Parent` modify event.
+      expect(childModifyCount[EntityModifyFlags.Parent]).eq(1);
+      expect(child2ModifyCount[EntityModifyFlags.Parent]).eq(1);
+      // Sibling index must be reset so the entity is treated as lonely afterwards.
+      expect(child.siblingIndex).eq(-1);
+      expect(child2.siblingIndex).eq(-1);
     });
     it("sibling index", () => {
       const root = scene.createRootEntity();
@@ -681,4 +715,4 @@ describe("Entity", async () => {
       expect(script.onDestroy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     });
   });
-});
\ No newline at end of file
+});
diff --git a/tests/src/core/ShaderData.test.ts b/tests/src/core/ShaderData.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6903c67150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/core/ShaderData.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+import { CloneManager, ShaderData, ShaderDataGroup, ShaderMacro } from "@galacean/engine-core";
+import { CloneMode } from "@galacean/engine-core/src/clone/enums/CloneMode";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+describe("ShaderData", () => {
+  describe("Macro operations", () => {
+    it("enableMacro and disableMacro", () => {
+      const shaderData = new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.Renderer);
+      const macro = ShaderMacro.getByName("TEST_ENABLE_DISABLE");
+
+      shaderData.enableMacro("TEST_ENABLE_DISABLE");
+      expect(shaderData._macroCollection.isEnable(macro)).to.be.true;
+
+      const macros = shaderData.getMacros() as ShaderMacro[];
+      expect(macros).to.have.lengthOf(1);
+      expect(macros[0]).to.equal(macro);
+
+      shaderData.disableMacro("TEST_ENABLE_DISABLE");
+      expect(shaderData._macroCollection.isEnable(macro)).to.be.false;
+      expect(shaderData.getMacros() as ShaderMacro[]).to.have.lengthOf(0);
+    });
+
+    it("enableMacro with value replaces same-name macro", () => {
+      const shaderData = new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.Renderer);
+
+      shaderData.enableMacro("TEST_VALUE_MACRO", "1");
+      const macro1 = ShaderMacro.getByName("TEST_VALUE_MACRO", "1");
+      expect(shaderData._macroCollection.isEnable(macro1)).to.be.true;
+
+      shaderData.enableMacro("TEST_VALUE_MACRO", "2");
+      const macro2 = ShaderMacro.getByName("TEST_VALUE_MACRO", "2");
+      expect(shaderData._macroCollection.isEnable(macro1)).to.be.false;
+      expect(shaderData._macroCollection.isEnable(macro2)).to.be.true;
+      expect(shaderData.getMacros() as ShaderMacro[]).to.have.lengthOf(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("cloneTo", () => {
+    it("should produce identical macros in target", () => {
+      const source = new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.Renderer);
+      source.enableMacro("CLONE_MACRO_A");
+      source.enableMacro("CLONE_MACRO_B");
+
+      const target = new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.Renderer);
+      source.cloneTo(target);
+
+      const macroA = ShaderMacro.getByName("CLONE_MACRO_A");
+      const macroB = ShaderMacro.getByName("CLONE_MACRO_B");
+      expect(target._macroCollection.isEnable(macroA)).to.be.true;
+      expect(target._macroCollection.isEnable(macroB)).to.be.true;
+
+      const targetMacros = target.getMacros() as ShaderMacro[];
+      expect(targetMacros).to.have.lengthOf(2);
+    });
+
+    it("should clear stale macros in target before cloning", () => {
+      const source = new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.Renderer);
+      source.enableMacro("SOURCE_ONLY_MACRO");
+
+      const target = new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.Renderer);
+      target.enableMacro("TARGET_STALE_MACRO");
+
+      source.cloneTo(target);
+
+      const staleMacro = ShaderMacro.getByName("TARGET_STALE_MACRO");
+      const sourceMacro = ShaderMacro.getByName("SOURCE_ONLY_MACRO");
+
+      expect(target._macroCollection.isEnable(staleMacro)).to.be.false;
+      const targetMacros = target.getMacros() as ShaderMacro[];
+      expect(targetMacros).to.have.lengthOf(1);
+      expect(targetMacros[0]).to.equal(sourceMacro);
+
+      const macroMap = (target as any)._macroMap;
+      for (const key in macroMap) {
+        expect(Number(key)).to.equal(macroMap[key]._nameId);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it("should not have duplicate macros with same name under different keys", () => {
+      const target = new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.Renderer);
+      target.enableMacro("MACRO_X");
+      target.enableMacro("MACRO_Y");
+      target.enableMacro("MACRO_Z");
+
+      const source = new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.Renderer);
+      source.enableMacro("MACRO_Y");
+
+      source.cloneTo(target);
+
+      const targetMacros = target.getMacros() as ShaderMacro[];
+      expect(targetMacros).to.have.lengthOf(1);
+      expect(targetMacros[0].name).to.equal("MACRO_Y");
+
+      const names = targetMacros.map((m) => m.name);
+      const uniqueNames = [...new Set(names)];
+      expect(names.length).to.equal(uniqueNames.length);
+    });
+
+    it("clone() should produce a clean independent copy", () => {
+      const source = new ShaderData(ShaderDataGroup.Renderer);
+      source.enableMacro("CLONE_INDEPENDENT_A");
+      source.enableMacro("CLONE_INDEPENDENT_B");
+
+      const cloned = source.clone();
+
+      const macroA = ShaderMacro.getByName("CLONE_INDEPENDENT_A");
+      const macroB = ShaderMacro.getByName("CLONE_INDEPENDENT_B");
+      expect(cloned._macroCollection.isEnable(macroA)).to.be.true;
+      expect(cloned._macroCollection.isEnable(macroB)).to.be.true;
+
+      source.disableMacro("CLONE_INDEPENDENT_A");
+      expect(cloned._macroCollection.isEnable(macroA)).to.be.true;
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("CloneManager", () => {
+    it("default cloneMode deep-clones same-constructor objects", () => {
+      const sourceObj = { name: "B", id: 2 };
+      const targetObj = { name: "A", id: 1 };
+      const source = { _field: sourceObj };
+      const target = { _field: targetObj };
+
+      CloneManager.cloneProperty(source, target, "_field", undefined, null, null, new Map());
+
+      expect(target._field).to.equal(targetObj);
+      expect(targetObj.name).to.equal("B");
+      expect(targetObj.id).to.equal(2);
+    });
+
+    it("CloneMode.Assignment prevents singleton corruption", () => {
+      const macroA = ShaderMacro.getByName("SINGLETON_FIX_A");
+      const macroB = ShaderMacro.getByName("SINGLETON_FIX_B");
+
+      const source = { _macro: macroB };
+      const target = { _macro: macroA };
+
+      CloneManager.cloneProperty(source, target, "_macro", CloneMode.Assignment, null, null, new Map());
+
+      expect(macroA.name).to.equal("SINGLETON_FIX_A");
+      expect(macroA._nameId).to.not.equal(macroB._nameId);
+      expect(target._macro).to.equal(macroB);
+    });
+
+    it("should not infinite loop on circular references", () => {
+      // Simulate AnimatorState ↔ AnimatorStateTransition cycle:
+      // State has transitions array, each Transition has destinationState pointing back to a State
+      class FakeState {
+        transitions: FakeTransition[] = [];
+      }
+      class FakeTransition {
+        destinationState: FakeState = null;
+      }
+
+      // Build circular graph: stateA → transitionAB → stateB → transitionBA → stateA
+      const srcStateA = new FakeState();
+      const srcStateB = new FakeState();
+      const srcTransAB = new FakeTransition();
+      const srcTransBA = new FakeTransition();
+      srcTransAB.destinationState = srcStateB;
+      srcTransBA.destinationState = srcStateA;
+      srcStateA.transitions = [srcTransAB];
+      srcStateB.transitions = [srcTransBA];
+
+      // Target has its own independent state graph
+      const tgtStateA = new FakeState();
+      const tgtStateB = new FakeState();
+      const tgtTransAB = new FakeTransition();
+      const tgtTransBA = new FakeTransition();
+      tgtTransAB.destinationState = tgtStateB;
+      tgtTransBA.destinationState = tgtStateA;
+      tgtStateA.transitions = [tgtTransAB];
+      tgtStateB.transitions = [tgtTransBA];
+
+      const source = { state: srcStateA };
+      const target = { state: tgtStateA };
+
+      // This must not hang — should complete within milliseconds
+      CloneManager.cloneProperty(source, target, "state", CloneMode.Deep, null, null, new Map());
+
+      // After clone, target's state graph should reflect source's data
+      expect(target.state.transitions).to.have.lengthOf(1);
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/src/core/Transform.test.ts b/tests/src/core/Transform.test.ts
index 58ffe3f4a8..bdc8dbc884 100644
--- a/tests/src/core/Transform.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/core/Transform.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { deepClone, Entity, Scene, Transform } from "@galacean/engine-core";
+import { deepClone, Entity, Scene, Transform, TransformModifyFlags } from "@galacean/engine-core";
 import { Vector2, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine-rhi-webgl";
 import { beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
@@ -74,6 +74,174 @@ describe("Transform test", function () {
     expect(parent.transform.instanceId).eq(child.transform._getParentTransform()?.instanceId);
   });
 
+  it("Reparent propagates world matrix dirty to deep descendants after clone", () => {
+    // Build source hierarchy: source -> middle -> inner (with local offset)
+    const source = new Entity(engine, "source");
+    const srcMiddle = source.createChild("middle");
+    const srcInner = srcMiddle.createChild("inner");
+    srcInner.transform.setPosition(10, 20, 30);
+
+    // Clone (equivalent to PrefabResource.instantiate)
+    const clone = source.clone();
+    const cloneMiddle = clone.findByName("middle")!;
+    const cloneInner = cloneMiddle.findByName("inner")!;
+
+    // Access cloneInner.worldMatrix before adding clone to a positioned parent.
+    const worldBeforeReparent = cloneInner.transform.worldMatrix;
+    expect(worldBeforeReparent.elements[12]).to.equal(10);
+    expect(worldBeforeReparent.elements[13]).to.equal(20);
+    expect(worldBeforeReparent.elements[14]).to.equal(30);
+
+    // Reparent the clone under a positioned root — same as `table.addChild(levelNode)`.
+    const root = scene.createRootEntity("reparent-root");
+    root.transform.setPosition(1000, 2000, 3000);
+    root.addChild(clone);
+
+    // cloneInner.worldMatrix must reflect root's offset (deep descendant of moved subtree).
+    const worldAfterReparent = cloneInner.transform.worldMatrix;
+    expect(worldAfterReparent.elements[12]).to.equal(1010);
+    expect(worldAfterReparent.elements[13]).to.equal(2020);
+    expect(worldAfterReparent.elements[14]).to.equal(3030);
+  });
+
+  it("Reparent invalidates descendant world caches even when parent has all world flags set (engine dirty-flag bug)", () => {
+    // Reproduces a Galacean 2.0-alpha.24 engine bug observed in Screw game:
+    //   Transform._parentChange() calls _updateAllWorldFlag which early-exits
+    //   if `this` already has all target world dirty flags set. This skips
+    //   propagation to descendants. After reparent, a descendant whose
+    //   WorldMatrix flag was previously cleared keeps returning stale cache.
+    const parent = new Entity(engine, "parent");
+    const child = parent.createChild("child");
+    child.transform.setPosition(10, 20, 30);
+
+    // 1) Access child.worldMatrix to CLEAR child's WorldMatrix dirty flag.
+    //    The access also clears parent's WorldMatrix flag (chain compute).
+    const cached = child.transform.worldMatrix;
+    expect(cached.elements[12]).to.equal(10);
+
+    // 2) Force parent into the failure state:
+    //    "all world dirty flags set" (as if never accessed) — simulates the
+    //    post-clone / lifecycle state where PARENT's world hasn't been read
+    //    but a DESCENDANT's world was.
+    // @ts-ignore - white-box access for precise engine bug reproduction
+    parent.transform._dirtyFlag |= TransformModifyFlags.WmWpWeWqWsWus;
+
+    // Sanity: child's WorldMatrix is CLEAR, parent has ALL world flags SET.
+    // @ts-ignore
+    expect(child.transform._dirtyFlag & TransformModifyFlags.WorldMatrix).to.equal(0);
+    // @ts-ignore
+    expect(parent.transform._dirtyFlag & TransformModifyFlags.WmWpWeWqWsWus).to.equal(
+      TransformModifyFlags.WmWpWeWqWsWus
+    );
+
+    // 3) Reparent `parent` under a positioned root (triggers _parentChange on parent).
+    const root = scene.createRootEntity("reparent-root");
+    root.transform.setPosition(1000, 2000, 3000);
+    root.addChild(parent);
+
+    // 4) Child's worldMatrix MUST now reflect root's offset.
+    //    Under the bug: early-exit in _updateAllWorldFlag skips propagation → child's
+    //    WorldMatrix flag stays CLEAR → getter returns stale cached (10, 20, 30).
+    const afterReparent = child.transform.worldMatrix;
+    expect(afterReparent.elements[12]).to.equal(1010);
+    expect(afterReparent.elements[13]).to.equal(2020);
+    expect(afterReparent.elements[14]).to.equal(3030);
+  });
+
+  it("Reparent re-resolves descendant parent cache even when cached as null", () => {
+    // Reproduces the second half of the Galacean 2.0-alpha.24 bug: a descendant
+    // whose `_parentTransformCache` was resolved to `null` (because
+    // `_getParentTransform` was called while its ancestor chain was partially
+    // constructed) keeps returning identity worldMatrix even after the
+    // ancestor chain is fully wired up.
+    const parent = new Entity(engine, "parent");
+    const child = parent.createChild("child");
+    child.transform.setPosition(10, 20, 30);
+
+    // Force child's parent cache to null with `_isParentDirty = false` —
+    // simulates the state observed in Screw where layer-001 had
+    // `_parentTransformCache = null, _isParentDirty = false` after clone.
+    // @ts-ignore
+    child.transform._parentTransformCache = null;
+    // @ts-ignore
+    child.transform._isParentDirty = false;
+
+    // Add parent under a positioned root. If _parentChange on parent fails to
+    // invalidate child's parent cache, child.worldMatrix returns identity.
+    const root = scene.createRootEntity("cache-null-root");
+    root.transform.setPosition(500, 600, 700);
+    root.addChild(parent);
+
+    const after = child.transform.worldMatrix;
+    expect(after.elements[12]).to.equal(510); // 500 + 10
+    expect(after.elements[13]).to.equal(620); // 600 + 20
+    expect(after.elements[14]).to.equal(730); // 700 + 30
+  });
+
+  it("_cloneTo invalidates world cache cleared by other components' ctor reads", () => {
+    // Reproduces the Transform._cloneTo dirty-flag bug surfaced by the
+    // billiard-aim-line fix (see notes/3D台球游戏联机版/2026-05-15-billiard-aim-line-kinematic-pair.md).
+    //
+    // The cloneComponent sequence calls Component._cloneTo for each component
+    // in order. Components added BEFORE Transform on a cloned entity may read
+    // `entity.transform.worldPosition` in their ctor (DynamicCollider does this
+    // to seed the native PxRigidDynamic pose) — that getter clears WorldPosition
+    // & WorldMatrix dirty flags as a side effect of caching the computed value.
+    //
+    // When Transform._cloneTo later writes new local values, those world-derived
+    // caches are stale (they still hold the pre-clone defaults). The fix re-dirties
+    // & dispatches the world flag set so subsequent reads recompute correctly.
+    const source = new Entity(engine, "source");
+    source.transform.setPosition(1, 2, 3);
+
+    // Target entity in pre-_cloneTo state: default transform, but a "Component ctor"
+    // already queried worldPosition (simulates DynamicCollider native ctor side effect).
+    const target = new Entity(engine, "target");
+    const beforeClone = target.transform.worldPosition;
+    expect(beforeClone.x).to.equal(0);
+    // White-box: WorldPosition dirty flag was cleared by the getter call above.
+    // @ts-ignore
+    expect(target.transform._dirtyFlag & TransformModifyFlags.WorldPosition).to.equal(0);
+
+    // Exercise _cloneTo (the same call the cloneComponent path makes).
+    // @ts-ignore - internal API
+    source.transform._cloneTo(target.transform);
+
+    // After _cloneTo, target.worldPosition must reflect cloned (1,2,3), not stale (0,0,0).
+    const afterClone = target.transform.worldPosition;
+    expect(afterClone.x).to.equal(1);
+    expect(afterClone.y).to.equal(2);
+    expect(afterClone.z).to.equal(3);
+  });
+
+  it("_cloneTo dispatches world-flag change to registered listeners (Collider._updateFlag fires)", () => {
+    // Reproduces the listener-side of the same bug. Collider._updateFlag is a
+    // BoolUpdateFlag registered via entity.registerWorldChangeFlag(); Collider._onUpdate
+    // checks it to decide whether to push transform to the native physics actor.
+    //
+    // If Transform._cloneTo only re-dirties local flags but doesn't dispatch the
+    // world flag set, the listener stays `false` after clone → Collider never
+    // re-syncs the native actor pose → physics state mismatch (Bug A / Joint clone
+    // box2 flies at 299 m/s).
+    const source = new Entity(engine, "source");
+    source.transform.setPosition(7, 8, 9);
+
+    const target = new Entity(engine, "target");
+    // Simulate Component ctor: register a world-change listener BEFORE _cloneTo.
+    const updateFlag = target.registerWorldChangeFlag();
+    // Then read worldPosition (mirrors DynamicCollider native ctor) — this clears
+    // both the dirty flag AND the listener's `flag` if it was true.
+    target.transform.worldPosition;
+    updateFlag.flag = false;
+
+    // @ts-ignore - internal API
+    source.transform._cloneTo(target.transform);
+
+    // The listener MUST observe the change; otherwise downstream consumers
+    // (Collider._onUpdate, animation rigs, etc.) silently miss the clone update.
+    expect(updateFlag.flag).to.equal(true);
+  });
+
   it("Subclasses of Transform", () => {
     // Create by constructor
     const entity0 = new Entity(engine, "entity");
diff --git a/tests/src/core/audio/AudioSourcePendingPlayback.test.ts b/tests/src/core/audio/AudioSourcePendingPlayback.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e7e4645a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/core/audio/AudioSourcePendingPlayback.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { AudioManager, AudioSource } from "@galacean/engine-core";
+
+class MockGainNode {
+  gain = {
+    setValueAtTime: vi.fn()
+  };
+
+  connect = vi.fn();
+}
+
+class MockBufferSourceNode {
+  buffer: unknown = null;
+  loop = false;
+  onended: (() => void) | null = null;
+  playbackRate = {
+    value: 1
+  };
+
+  connect = vi.fn();
+  disconnect = vi.fn();
+  start = vi.fn();
+  stop = vi.fn();
+}
+
+class MockAudioContext {
+  static shouldResumeSucceed = true;
+  static resumeResultQueue: Array<Promise<void> | Error> | null = null;
+
+  currentTime = 0;
+  destination = {};
+  onstatechange: (() => void) | null = null;
+  state: AudioContextState = "suspended";
+
+  createBufferSource(): AudioBufferSourceNode {
+    return new MockBufferSourceNode() as unknown as AudioBufferSourceNode;
+  }
+
+  createGain(): GainNode {
+    return new MockGainNode() as unknown as GainNode;
+  }
+
+  resume(): Promise<void> {
+    const queuedResult = MockAudioContext.resumeResultQueue?.shift();
+    if (queuedResult instanceof Promise) {
+      return queuedResult;
+    }
+    if (queuedResult instanceof Error) {
+      return Promise.reject(queuedResult);
+    }
+    if (!MockAudioContext.shouldResumeSucceed) {
+      return Promise.reject(new Error("autoplay blocked"));
+    }
+    this.state = "running";
+    this.onstatechange?.();
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+
+  suspend(): Promise<void> {
+    this.state = "suspended";
+    this.onstatechange?.();
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+}
+
+async function flushAsync(): Promise<void> {
+  await Promise.resolve();
+  await Promise.resolve();
+}
+
+function createAudioSource(): AudioSource {
+  const audioSource = new AudioSource({
+    _isActiveInHierarchy: true,
+    _isActiveInScene: true,
+    _removeComponent() {},
+    engine: {}
+  } as any);
+
+  audioSource.clip = {
+    _addReferCount() {},
+    _getAudioSource() {
+      return {};
+    }
+  } as any;
+
+  return audioSource;
+}
+
+describe("AudioSource pending playback", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    (window as any).AudioContext = MockAudioContext;
+    (AudioManager as any)._context = null;
+    (AudioManager as any)._gainNode = null;
+    (AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume = false;
+    (AudioManager as any)._pendingSources = new Set();
+    (AudioManager as any)._playingSources = new Set();
+    (AudioManager as any)._interruptedSources = new Set();
+    (AudioManager as any)._foregroundRestoreTimer = undefined;
+    (AudioManager as any)._hidden = false;
+    MockAudioContext.shouldResumeSucceed = true;
+    MockAudioContext.resumeResultQueue = null;
+    AudioManager._playingCount = 0;
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+    vi.restoreAllMocks();
+    document.replaceChildren();
+  });
+
+  it("replays pending playback on the next user gesture after autoplay blocking", async () => {
+    const audioSource = createAudioSource();
+
+    vi.spyOn(console, "warn").mockImplementation(() => {});
+    MockAudioContext.shouldResumeSucceed = false;
+
+    audioSource.play();
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect((audioSource as any)._pendingPlay).to.be.true;
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._pendingSources.size).to.equal(1);
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.false;
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.false;
+
+    MockAudioContext.shouldResumeSucceed = true;
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("click"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.true;
+    expect((audioSource as any)._pendingPlay).to.be.false;
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._pendingSources.size).to.equal(0);
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.false;
+  });
+
+  it("cancels pending playback before the unlocking gesture arrives", async () => {
+    const audioSource = createAudioSource();
+
+    vi.spyOn(console, "warn").mockImplementation(() => {});
+    MockAudioContext.shouldResumeSucceed = false;
+
+    audioSource.play();
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    audioSource.stop();
+    expect((audioSource as any)._pendingPlay).to.be.false;
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._pendingSources.size).to.equal(0);
+
+    MockAudioContext.shouldResumeSucceed = true;
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("click"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.false;
+    expect((audioSource as any)._pendingPlay).to.be.false;
+  });
+
+  it("keeps resume a no-op until a context already exists", async () => {
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._context).to.be.null;
+
+    await AudioManager.resume();
+
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._context).to.be.null;
+  });
+
+  it("does not resume foreground audio before a hide event", async () => {
+    createAudioSource();
+    const context = (AudioManager as any)._context as MockAudioContext;
+
+    vi.spyOn(document, "hidden", "get").mockReturnValue(false);
+    const resumeSpy = vi.spyOn(context, "resume");
+    const suspendSpy = vi.spyOn(AudioManager, "suspend");
+
+    context.state = "suspended";
+    AudioManager._playingCount = 1;
+
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("visibilitychange"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(resumeSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(suspendSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.false;
+  });
+
+  it("recreates interrupted source nodes from a foreground gesture", async () => {
+    const audioSource = createAudioSource();
+    const context = (AudioManager as any)._context as MockAudioContext;
+
+    context.state = "running";
+    audioSource.play();
+
+    const firstSourceNode = (audioSource as any)._sourceNode as MockBufferSourceNode;
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.true;
+    expect(AudioManager._playingCount).to.equal(1);
+
+    const hiddenSpy = vi.spyOn(document, "hidden", "get").mockReturnValue(true);
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("visibilitychange"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(firstSourceNode.stop).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.false;
+    expect(AudioManager._playingCount).to.equal(0);
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._interruptedSources.size).to.equal(1);
+
+    hiddenSpy.mockReturnValue(false);
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("visibilitychange"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.false;
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._interruptedSources.size).to.equal(1);
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.true;
+
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("touchend"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.true;
+    expect(AudioManager._playingCount).to.equal(1);
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._interruptedSources.size).to.equal(0);
+    expect((audioSource as any)._sourceNode).not.to.equal(firstSourceNode);
+  });
+
+  it("recovers interrupted source nodes from foreground retry after the restore delay", async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    const audioSource = createAudioSource();
+    const context = (AudioManager as any)._context as MockAudioContext;
+
+    context.state = "running";
+    audioSource.play();
+
+    const hiddenSpy = vi.spyOn(document, "hidden", "get").mockReturnValue(true);
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("visibilitychange"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    hiddenSpy.mockReturnValue(false);
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("visibilitychange"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.false;
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(299);
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.false;
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1);
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.true;
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._interruptedSources.size).to.equal(0);
+  });
+
+  it("handles document pagehide/pageshow and mouseup recovery", async () => {
+    const audioSource = createAudioSource();
+    const context = (AudioManager as any)._context as MockAudioContext;
+
+    context.state = "running";
+    audioSource.play();
+
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("pagehide"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.false;
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._interruptedSources.size).to.equal(1);
+
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("pageshow"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.false;
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.true;
+
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("mouseup"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(audioSource.isPlaying).to.be.true;
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._interruptedSources.size).to.equal(0);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps gesture recovery when foreground resume fails", async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    const audioSource = createAudioSource();
+    const context = (AudioManager as any)._context as MockAudioContext;
+
+    vi.spyOn(console, "warn").mockImplementation(() => {});
+    const hiddenSpy = vi.spyOn(document, "hidden", "get").mockReturnValue(true);
+    const resumeSpy = vi.spyOn(context, "resume");
+    const suspendSpy = vi.spyOn(AudioManager, "suspend");
+
+    context.state = "running";
+    audioSource.play();
+
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("visibilitychange"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    MockAudioContext.shouldResumeSucceed = false;
+    hiddenSpy.mockReturnValue(false);
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("visibilitychange"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(resumeSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(suspendSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.true;
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(299);
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(resumeSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(suspendSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.true;
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1);
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(resumeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(suspendSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.true;
+
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("click"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(resumeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.true;
+
+    MockAudioContext.shouldResumeSucceed = true;
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("click"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(resumeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(context.state).to.equal("running");
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.false;
+  });
+
+  it("retries context.resume inside a later user gesture even if an earlier resume is still pending", async () => {
+    createAudioSource();
+    const context = (AudioManager as any)._context as MockAudioContext;
+    const firstResume = new Promise<void>(() => {});
+
+    MockAudioContext.resumeResultQueue = [firstResume];
+    const resumeSpy = vi.spyOn(context, "resume");
+
+    AudioManager.resume().catch(() => {});
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(resumeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+    MockAudioContext.resumeResultQueue = [
+      Promise.resolve().then(() => {
+        context.state = "running";
+        context.onstatechange?.();
+      })
+    ];
+    (AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume = true;
+
+    document.dispatchEvent(new Event("click"));
+    await flushAsync();
+
+    expect(resumeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(context.state).to.equal("running");
+    expect((AudioManager as any)._needsUserGestureResume).to.be.false;
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/src/core/particle/ParticleStopResume.test.ts b/tests/src/core/particle/ParticleStopResume.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e0db6ac05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/core/particle/ParticleStopResume.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+import {
+  Burst,
+  Camera,
+  ParticleCompositeCurve,
+  ParticleRenderer,
+  ParticleStopMode,
+  Scene
+} from "@galacean/engine-core";
+import { WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine-rhi-webgl";
+import { beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+describe("ParticleGenerator stop/resume timeline", () => {
+  let engine: WebGLEngine;
+  let scene: Scene;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    engine = await WebGLEngine.create({ canvas: document.createElement("canvas") });
+    scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+    const root = scene.createRootEntity("root");
+    const camera = root.createChild("Camera");
+    camera.addComponent(Camera);
+    camera.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 10);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Drive `generator._update(dt)` directly so we control the timeline.
+   * `ParticleRenderer._update` would call this with `engine.time.deltaTime`,
+   * which is wall-clock and not reproducible.
+   */
+  function tick(generator: any, frames: number, dt: number): void {
+    for (let i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
+      generator._update(dt);
+    }
+  }
+
+  it("rate-over-time: stop -> idle -> play emits a catch-up batch in one frame", () => {
+    const entity = scene.createRootEntity("rate");
+    const renderer = entity.addComponent(ParticleRenderer);
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    generator.useAutoRandomSeed = false;
+    generator.main.duration = 1;
+    generator.main.startLifetime.constant = 1;
+    generator.main.maxParticles = 10000;
+    generator.emission.rateOverTime.constant = 100;
+
+    let totalEmitted = 0;
+    const origEmit = (generator as any)._emit.bind(generator);
+    (generator as any)._emit = (playTime: number, count: number) => {
+      totalEmitted += count;
+      origEmit(playTime, count);
+    };
+
+    generator.play();
+    // Run 0.5s at 60fps -> ~50 particles
+    tick(generator, 30, 1 / 60);
+    const emittedDuringPlay = totalEmitted;
+    const playTimeAfterPlay = generator._playTime;
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmitting);
+    const playTimeAtStop = generator._playTime;
+    const emittedAtStop = totalEmitted;
+
+    // Idle 4.5s while stopped -> _emit must not run, but _playTime drifts
+    tick(generator, 270, 1 / 60);
+    const playTimeAfterIdle = generator._playTime;
+    const emittedDuringIdle = totalEmitted - emittedAtStop;
+
+    generator.play();
+    // Single frame after resume
+    tick(generator, 1, 1 / 60);
+    const emittedFirstFrameAfterResume = totalEmitted - emittedAtStop;
+
+    entity.destroy();
+
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    console.log("[bug-repro/rate]", {
+      emittedDuringPlay,
+      playTimeAfterPlay,
+      playTimeAtStop,
+      playTimeAfterIdle,
+      emittedDuringIdle,
+      emittedFirstFrameAfterResume
+    });
+
+    expect(emittedDuringIdle).toBe(0);
+    // Buggy behavior: emits a large catch-up batch (~ idleSeconds * rate).
+    expect(emittedFirstFrameAfterResume).toBeGreaterThan(100);
+    expect(playTimeAfterIdle - playTimeAtStop).toBeGreaterThan(4);
+  });
+
+  it("burst: stop -> idle -> play replays multiple cycles of bursts", () => {
+    const entity = scene.createRootEntity("burst");
+    const renderer = entity.addComponent(ParticleRenderer);
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    generator.useAutoRandomSeed = false;
+    generator.main.duration = 1;
+    generator.main.isLoop = true;
+    generator.main.startLifetime.constant = 1;
+    generator.main.maxParticles = 10000;
+    generator.emission.rateOverTime.constant = 0;
+    generator.emission.addBurst(new Burst(0, new ParticleCompositeCurve(10)));
+
+    let totalEmitted = 0;
+    const origEmit = (generator as any)._emit.bind(generator);
+    (generator as any)._emit = (playTime: number, count: number) => {
+      totalEmitted += count;
+      origEmit(playTime, count);
+    };
+
+    generator.play();
+    // 1 full cycle -> burst at t=0 fires once (10 particles at frame 0)
+    tick(generator, 60, 1 / 60);
+    const emittedAfterOneSecond = totalEmitted;
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmitting);
+    const playTimeAtStop = generator._playTime;
+    const emittedAtStop = totalEmitted;
+
+    // Idle 4 cycles
+    tick(generator, 240, 1 / 60);
+    const playTimeAfterIdle = generator._playTime;
+
+    generator.play();
+    tick(generator, 1, 1 / 60); // first frame after resume
+    const emittedFirstFrameAfterResume = totalEmitted - emittedAtStop;
+
+    entity.destroy();
+
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    console.log("[bug-repro/burst]", {
+      emittedAfterOneSecond,
+      playTimeAtStop,
+      playTimeAfterIdle,
+      emittedFirstFrameAfterResume
+    });
+
+    // After fix this should be 0 (next burst at t=0 of the new cycle hasn't reached yet).
+    // Buggy behavior: replays the burst once because `_currentBurstIndex` is 0 and
+    // `_emitBySubBurst(lastPlayTime, playTime, ...)` sees burst.time === startTime.
+    expect(emittedFirstFrameAfterResume).toBe(10);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/src/core/particle/RateOverDistance.test.ts b/tests/src/core/particle/RateOverDistance.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..483892f109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/core/particle/RateOverDistance.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+import {
+  Camera,
+  Engine,
+  Entity,
+  ParticleMaterial,
+  ParticleRenderer,
+  ParticleSimulationSpace,
+  ParticleStopMode
+} from "@galacean/engine-core";
+import { Color, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine";
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+function tick(engine: Engine, times: { value: number }, deltaMs: number = 100): void {
+  //@ts-ignore
+  engine._vSyncCount = Infinity;
+  //@ts-ignore
+  engine._time._lastSystemTime = 0;
+  performance.now = function () {
+    times.value += deltaMs;
+    return times.value;
+  };
+  engine.update();
+}
+
+function buildEmitter(engine: Engine, name: string): { entity: Entity; renderer: ParticleRenderer } {
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+  const entity = scene.createRootEntity(name);
+  const renderer = entity.addComponent(ParticleRenderer);
+  const material = new ParticleMaterial(engine);
+  material.baseColor = new Color(1, 1, 1, 1);
+  renderer.setMaterial(material);
+
+  const generator = renderer.generator;
+  generator.useAutoRandomSeed = false;
+  generator.main.duration = 5;
+  generator.main.isLoop = false;
+  generator.main.maxParticles = 1000;
+  generator.main.startLifetime.constant = 10;
+  // Zero out the time-based path so only rateOverDistance contributes.
+  generator.emission.rateOverTime.constant = 0;
+  return { entity, renderer };
+}
+
+describe("EmissionModule rateOverDistance", () => {
+  let engine: Engine;
+  let elapsed: { value: number };
+
+  beforeAll(async function () {
+    engine = await WebGLEngine.create({
+      canvas: document.createElement("canvas")
+    });
+
+    const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+    const cameraEntity = scene.createRootEntity("Camera");
+    cameraEntity.addComponent(Camera);
+    cameraEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 10);
+
+    engine.run();
+    elapsed = { value: 0 };
+  });
+
+  afterAll(function () {
+    engine.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("defaults to 0 (no emission triggered by movement)", () => {
+    const { entity, renderer } = buildEmitter(engine, "default-zero");
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    expect(generator.emission.rateOverDistance.evaluate(undefined, undefined)).to.eq(0);
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    generator.play();
+
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    entity.transform.setPosition(10, 0, 0);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(0);
+    entity.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("emits ratePerUnit × distance particles", () => {
+    const { entity, renderer } = buildEmitter(engine, "rate-times-distance");
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    generator.emission.rateOverDistance.constant = 10;
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    generator.play();
+
+    // First tick syncs the baseline position.
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(0);
+
+    // Move 2 units → 10 * 2 = 20 particles.
+    entity.transform.setPosition(2, 0, 0);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(20);
+
+    entity.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("accumulates sub-interval movement across frames", () => {
+    const { entity, renderer } = buildEmitter(engine, "subinterval-carry");
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    // 1 particle per 0.5 units → 2 particles per unit.
+    generator.emission.rateOverDistance.constant = 2;
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    generator.play();
+    tick(engine, elapsed); // baseline sync
+
+    // 3 moves of 0.3 units each = 0.9 total. With interval 0.5, that's
+    // exactly 1 emission (at 0.5) plus 0.4 carried forward.
+    entity.transform.setPosition(0.3, 0, 0);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    entity.transform.setPosition(0.6, 0, 0);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    entity.transform.setPosition(0.9, 0, 0);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(1);
+
+    // Move another 0.6 units → accumulator hits 1.0, then 0 carried fwd. Emit 2 more.
+    entity.transform.setPosition(1.5, 0, 0);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(3);
+
+    entity.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("static emitter never emits via distance", () => {
+    const { entity, renderer } = buildEmitter(engine, "static-emitter");
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    generator.emission.rateOverDistance.constant = 100;
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    generator.play();
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(0);
+    entity.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("stop+clear resets the distance accumulator", () => {
+    const { entity, renderer } = buildEmitter(engine, "reset-on-clear");
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    generator.emission.rateOverDistance.constant = 10;
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    generator.play();
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    entity.transform.setPosition(0.5, 0, 0);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(5);
+
+    // After clear+play, the next tick must re-sync from the *current* position,
+    // not diff against the pre-clear baseline — so jumping back to origin
+    // should not emit anything until the next move.
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    entity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 0);
+    generator.play();
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(0);
+
+    entity.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("distributes particles along the movement path in World space", () => {
+    const { entity, renderer } = buildEmitter(engine, "world-space-distribution");
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    generator.main.simulationSpace = ParticleSimulationSpace.World;
+    // 1 particle per unit; move 4 units → 4 particles spaced at world x = 1, 2, 3, 4
+    generator.emission.rateOverDistance.constant = 1;
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    generator.play();
+
+    tick(engine, elapsed); // baseline sync at (0,0,0)
+
+    entity.transform.setPosition(4, 0, 0);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(4);
+
+    // Verify each particle's stored world position is along [0,4] on x axis, not all at x=4.
+    // Particles are written sequentially starting at firstActiveElement=0.
+    //@ts-ignore - test reaches into instance buffer to verify spatial distribution
+    const verts = (generator as any)._instanceVertices as Float32Array;
+    // Per-instance stride = 168 bytes / 4 = 42 floats; world position lives at offset 27.
+    const stride = 42;
+    const xs: number[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      xs.push(verts[i * stride + 27]);
+    }
+    xs.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+    // Expect roughly [1, 2, 3, 4] — accept loose tolerance for float ops.
+    expect(xs[0]).to.be.closeTo(1, 1e-4);
+    expect(xs[1]).to.be.closeTo(2, 1e-4);
+    expect(xs[2]).to.be.closeTo(3, 1e-4);
+    expect(xs[3]).to.be.closeTo(4, 1e-4);
+
+    entity.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("distributes emit time along the movement path in World space", () => {
+    const { entity, renderer } = buildEmitter(engine, "world-space-time-distribution");
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    generator.main.simulationSpace = ParticleSimulationSpace.World;
+    // 1 particle per unit; move 4 units across one 100ms tick → 4 particles,
+    // each born at a sub-frame offset.
+    generator.emission.rateOverDistance.constant = 1;
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    generator.play();
+
+    tick(engine, elapsed); // baseline sync at (0,0,0)
+    entity.transform.setPosition(4, 0, 0);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(4);
+
+    //@ts-ignore - reach into instance buffer to read per-particle emit time
+    const verts = (generator as any)._instanceVertices as Float32Array;
+    const stride = 42;
+    // a_DirectionTime is at byte 16 → float 4; the .w slot (emit time) is float 4+3=7.
+    const timeFloatOffset = 7;
+    const times: number[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      times.push(verts[i * stride + timeFloatOffset]);
+    }
+    times.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+
+    // The 4 emit times must form an arithmetic sequence (constant step = sStep * dt),
+    // and they must not all be equal — that's exactly the bug we're guarding against,
+    // where COL / SOL / FOL would otherwise render them as a uniform stamp.
+    const diff0 = times[1] - times[0];
+    const diff1 = times[2] - times[1];
+    const diff2 = times[3] - times[2];
+    expect(diff0).to.be.greaterThan(1e-4);
+    expect(diff1).to.be.closeTo(diff0, 1e-4);
+    expect(diff2).to.be.closeTo(diff0, 1e-4);
+
+    entity.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("clamps count and discards accumulator on teleport-sized moves", () => {
+    const { entity, renderer } = buildEmitter(engine, "teleport-clamp");
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    generator.main.maxParticles = 50;
+    // Rate 10/unit × 10000 unit jump would otherwise demand 100,000 emissions
+    // in one frame — millions of `_addNewParticle` calls hitting the buffer-full
+    // early return.
+    generator.emission.rateOverDistance.constant = 10;
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    generator.play();
+    tick(engine, elapsed); // baseline sync at (0,0,0)
+
+    entity.transform.setPosition(10000, 0, 0); // teleport
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+
+    // Alive count must not exceed the configured cap.
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.be.lessThanOrEqual(50);
+
+    // Next frame without movement: accumulator should have been reset to 0
+    // (residue dropped), so no further emission.
+    const aliveAfterTeleport = generator._getAliveParticleCount();
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(aliveAfterTeleport);
+
+    entity.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("does not burst on play() after emitter moves while stopped", () => {
+    const { entity, renderer } = buildEmitter(engine, "no-burst-on-replay");
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    generator.emission.rateOverDistance.constant = 10;
+
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    generator.play();
+    tick(engine, elapsed); // baseline sync at (0,0,0)
+
+    // Stop *without* clear — accumulator/baseline retained by the old impl.
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmitting);
+    // Emitter teleports a few units while stopped (kept inside the camera frustum
+    // so renderer culling doesn't mask the test).
+    entity.transform.setPosition(3, 0, 0);
+    generator.play();
+
+    // First tick after play() must resync the baseline at the new position,
+    // not diff (3 - 0) and dump 30 particles in one shot.
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(0);
+
+    // Subsequent movement still emits normally — diffed against the resynced baseline.
+    entity.transform.setPosition(4, 0, 0);
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+    expect(generator._getAliveParticleCount()).to.eq(10);
+
+    entity.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("returns actual emitted count when buffer is full", () => {
+    // Documents the `_emit` return-value contract that lets distance emission detect
+    // mid-loop buffer exhaustion (and drop residual accumulator to avoid spinning
+    // through millions of no-op iterations on a teleport).
+    const { entity, renderer } = buildEmitter(engine, "emit-returns-actual");
+    const generator = renderer.generator;
+    generator.main.maxParticles = 10;
+    generator.stop(true, ParticleStopMode.StopEmittingAndClear);
+    generator.play();
+    tick(engine, elapsed);
+
+    // Request 100, buffer only has 10 slots.
+    //@ts-ignore — reach into the internal _emit contract
+    const emitted = generator._emit(generator._playTime, 100);
+    expect(emitted).to.eq(10);
+
+    // Subsequent request returns 0 — buffer is saturated.
+    //@ts-ignore
+    expect(generator._emit(generator._playTime, 5)).to.eq(0);
+
+    entity.destroy();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/src/core/physics/Collision.test.ts b/tests/src/core/physics/Collision.test.ts
index 870bc546bc..6f7e886df3 100644
--- a/tests/src/core/physics/Collision.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/core/physics/Collision.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
-import { BoxColliderShape, DynamicCollider, Entity, Engine, Script, StaticCollider } from "@galacean/engine-core";
+import {
+  BoxColliderShape,
+  DynamicCollider,
+  DynamicColliderConstraints,
+  Entity,
+  Engine,
+  Script,
+  SphereColliderShape,
+  StaticCollider
+} from "@galacean/engine-core";
 import { Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { PhysXPhysics } from "@galacean/engine-physics-physx";
 import { WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine-rhi-webgl";
@@ -22,6 +31,20 @@ describe("Collision", function () {
     return boxEntity;
   }
 
+  function addSphere(radius: number, pos: Vector3) {
+    const sphereEntity = rootEntity.createChild("SphereEntity");
+    sphereEntity.transform.setPosition(pos.x, pos.y, pos.z);
+
+    const sphereShape = new SphereColliderShape();
+    sphereShape.material.dynamicFriction = 0;
+    sphereShape.material.staticFriction = 0;
+    sphereShape.radius = radius;
+    const sphereCollider = sphereEntity.addComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    sphereCollider.addShape(sphereShape);
+    sphereCollider.useGravity = false;
+    return sphereEntity;
+  }
+
   function formatValue(value: number) {
     return Math.round(value * 100000) / 100000;
   }
@@ -164,4 +187,239 @@ describe("Collision", function () {
       engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1);
     });
   });
+
+  it("reports contact normal from static other shape to dynamic self shape", function () {
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics.gravity = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
+    const dynamicBox = addBox(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(-3, 0, 0));
+    const staticBox = addBox(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), StaticCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+
+    return new Promise<void>((done) => {
+      dynamicBox.addComponent(
+        class extends Script {
+          onCollisionEnter(other: Collision): void {
+            expect(other.shape).toBe(staticBox.getComponent(StaticCollider).shapes[0]);
+            const contacts = [];
+            other.getContacts(contacts);
+            expect(contacts.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+            expect(formatValue(contacts[0].normal.x)).toBe(-1);
+
+            done();
+          }
+        }
+      );
+
+      dynamicBox.getComponent(DynamicCollider).applyForce(new Vector3(1000, 0, 0));
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("reports billiard hitBall sphere normal from kinematic other to dynamic target self", function () {
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics.gravity = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
+    const targetBall = addSphere(0.5, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+    const hitBall = addSphere(0.5, new Vector3(-3, 0, 0));
+    const hitCollider = hitBall.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    hitCollider.isKinematic = true;
+
+    return new Promise<void>((done) => {
+      targetBall.addComponent(
+        class extends Script {
+          onCollisionEnter(other: Collision): void {
+            expect(other.shape).toBe(hitCollider.shapes[0]);
+            const contacts = [];
+            other.getContacts(contacts);
+            expect(contacts.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+            const contactNormal = contacts[0].normal;
+            expect(formatValue(contactNormal.x)).toBe(1);
+            expect(formatValue(contactNormal.y)).toBe(0);
+            expect(formatValue(contactNormal.z)).toBe(0);
+
+            const hitToTarget = new Vector3();
+            Vector3.subtract(targetBall.transform.worldPosition, hitBall.transform.worldPosition, hitToTarget);
+            hitToTarget.normalize();
+            expect(formatValue(Vector3.dot(contactNormal, hitToTarget))).toBe(1);
+
+            const scaledNormal = new Vector3();
+            Vector3.scale(contactNormal, 2 * Vector3.dot(hitToTarget, contactNormal), scaledNormal);
+            const reflected = new Vector3();
+            Vector3.subtract(hitToTarget, scaledNormal, reflected);
+            reflected.normalize();
+            expect(formatValue(reflected.x)).toBe(-1);
+
+            done();
+          }
+        }
+      );
+
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      hitCollider.move(new Vector3(-0.9, 0, 0));
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Kinematic-pair collision callback (3D billiard aim-line use case).
+  // PhysX 4.x defaults suppress kineKine + staticKine pairs. SceneBinding already
+  // sets kineKineFilteringMode = eKEEP and staticKineFilteringMode = eKEEP, and
+  // filter shader returns eNOTIFY_TOUCH_FOUND/PERSISTS/LOST for all pairs.
+  // Question: does the kinematic pair actually fire onCollisionEnter when a
+  // kinematic actor is moved into another actor's volume via setWorldTransform
+  // (i.e. setGlobalPose teleport, NOT setKinematicTarget)?
+  //
+  // Cocos parity expectation: yes — Cocos PhysX backend fires onCollisionEnter
+  // for kinematic↔dynamic and kinematic↔kinematic pairs on overlap.
+  // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  function probeKinematicCallback(opts: {
+    aKine: boolean;
+    bKine: boolean;
+    timeoutMs?: number;
+  }): Promise<{ fired: boolean }> {
+    return new Promise((resolve) => {
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics.gravity = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
+      const boxA = addBox(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(-3, 0, 0));
+      const boxB = addBox(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(3, 0, 0));
+      const colA = boxA.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      const colB = boxB.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      colA.useGravity = false;
+      colB.useGravity = false;
+      colA.isKinematic = opts.aKine;
+      colB.isKinematic = opts.bKine;
+
+      let fired = false;
+      boxA.addComponent(
+        class extends Script {
+          onCollisionEnter(_other: Collision): void {
+            fired = true;
+            resolve({ fired: true });
+          }
+        }
+      );
+
+      // Step a few frames to let PhysX settle initial state.
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      // Teleport B onto A → expect onCollisionEnter.
+      boxB.transform.setPosition(-3, 0, 0);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+
+      if (!fired) resolve({ fired: false });
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Probes that the standard transform→PhysX sync path routes correctly for
+  // kinematic actors. With the fix in PhysXDynamicCollider.setWorldTransform,
+  // moving a kinematic actor via transform.setPosition() goes through
+  // setKinematicTarget(), which lets PhysX detect contact and fire the callback.
+  it("kinematic-kinematic overlap via transform.setPosition fires onCollisionEnter", async function () {
+    const r = await probeKinematicCallback({ aKine: true, bKine: true });
+    expect(r.fired).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("kinematic-dynamic overlap via transform.setPosition fires onCollisionEnter", async function () {
+    const r = await probeKinematicCallback({ aKine: true, bKine: false });
+    expect(r.fired).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("dynamic-dynamic overlap via transform.setPosition fires onCollisionEnter", async function () {
+    const r = await probeKinematicCallback({ aKine: false, bKine: false });
+    expect(r.fired).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  // Probe whether "dynamic actor + freeze 6 constraints + teleport via setGlobalPose"
+  // can substitute for a kinematic actor and still trigger contact callbacks.
+  // This is the proposed fix path for the 3D billiard hitBall: ditch kinematic,
+  // use a fully-frozen dynamic actor that is moved via setWorldPosition.
+  it("HYPOTHESIS: kine-kine fires onCollisionEnter when moved via setKinematicTarget (not setGlobalPose)", function () {
+    return new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics.gravity = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
+      const boxA = addBox(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(-3, 0, 0));
+      const boxB = addBox(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(3, 0, 0));
+      const colA = boxA.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      const colB = boxB.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      colA.useGravity = false;
+      colB.useGravity = false;
+      colA.isKinematic = true;
+      colB.isKinematic = true;
+
+      let fired = false;
+      boxA.addComponent(
+        class extends Script {
+          onCollisionEnter(_other: Collision): void {
+            fired = true;
+            resolve();
+          }
+        }
+      );
+
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      // Move B onto A via DynamicCollider.move() — this internally calls setKinematicTarget.
+      colB.move(new Vector3(-3, 0, 0));
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+
+      if (!fired) reject(new Error("kine-kine setKinematicTarget did NOT fire onCollisionEnter"));
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("dynamic + frozen-6 + teleport: overlap fires onCollisionEnter (fix candidate)", function () {
+    return new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics.gravity = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
+      const boxA = addBox(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(-3, 0, 0));
+      const boxB = addBox(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(3, 0, 0));
+      const colA = boxA.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      const colB = boxB.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      // Both fully frozen — emulates the cocos kinematic semantics (no gravity, no movement).
+      const FREEZE_ALL =
+        DynamicColliderConstraints.FreezePositionX |
+        DynamicColliderConstraints.FreezePositionY |
+        DynamicColliderConstraints.FreezePositionZ |
+        DynamicColliderConstraints.FreezeRotationX |
+        DynamicColliderConstraints.FreezeRotationY |
+        DynamicColliderConstraints.FreezeRotationZ;
+      colA.constraints = FREEZE_ALL;
+      colB.constraints = FREEZE_ALL;
+      colA.useGravity = false;
+      colB.useGravity = false;
+      colA.isKinematic = false;
+      colB.isKinematic = false;
+
+      let fired = false;
+      boxA.addComponent(
+        class extends Script {
+          onCollisionEnter(_other: Collision): void {
+            fired = true;
+            resolve();
+          }
+        }
+      );
+
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      boxB.transform.setPosition(-3, 0, 0);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+
+      if (!fired) {
+        expect.fail("expected onCollisionEnter to fire for dynamic-frozen pair after teleport");
+      }
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/tests/src/core/physics/DynamicCollider.test.ts b/tests/src/core/physics/DynamicCollider.test.ts
index ae6771d05a..b441f300d4 100644
--- a/tests/src/core/physics/DynamicCollider.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/core/physics/DynamicCollider.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   DynamicCollider,
   DynamicColliderConstraints,
   CollisionDetectionMode,
+  DynamicColliderKinematicTransformSyncMode,
   StaticCollider,
   PlaneColliderShape
 } from "@galacean/engine-core";
@@ -278,6 +279,256 @@ describe("DynamicCollider", function () {
     expect(formatValue(boxCollider.inertiaTensor.y)).eq(1);
   });
 
+  it("applyForceAtPosition - at center of mass produces only linear acceleration", function () {
+    const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+    const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    boxCollider.mass = 1;
+    boxCollider.useGravity = false;
+    boxCollider.centerOfMass = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
+    boxCollider.inertiaTensor = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
+
+    boxCollider.applyForceAtPosition(new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1);
+
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.linearVelocity.x)).eq(0.01667);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.x)).eq(0);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.y)).eq(0);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.z)).eq(0);
+  });
+
+  it("applyForceAtPosition - offset produces torque = (position - CoM) × force", function () {
+    // Reference: same physical setup but using applyForce + applyTorque(τ) directly.
+    // applyForceAtPosition(F, P) must produce the same result.
+    const setupBox = () => {
+      const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+      const collider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      collider.mass = 1;
+      collider.useGravity = false;
+      collider.centerOfMass = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
+      collider.inertiaTensor = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
+      return collider;
+    };
+
+    const force = new Vector3(1, 0, 0);
+    const worldPos = new Vector3(0, 1, 0); // r = (0,1,0) - (0,0,0) = (0,1,0); r × F = (0,0,-1)
+
+    const reference = setupBox();
+    reference.applyForce(force);
+    reference.applyTorque(new Vector3(0, 0, -1));
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1);
+    const refLinear = reference.linearVelocity.clone();
+    const refAngular = reference.angularVelocity.clone();
+
+    rootEntity.clearChildren();
+
+    const target = setupBox();
+    target.applyForceAtPosition(force, worldPos);
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1);
+
+    expect(formatValue(target.linearVelocity.x)).eq(formatValue(refLinear.x));
+    expect(formatValue(target.linearVelocity.y)).eq(formatValue(refLinear.y));
+    expect(formatValue(target.linearVelocity.z)).eq(formatValue(refLinear.z));
+    expect(formatValue(target.angularVelocity.x)).eq(formatValue(refAngular.x));
+    expect(formatValue(target.angularVelocity.y)).eq(formatValue(refAngular.y));
+    expect(formatValue(target.angularVelocity.z)).eq(formatValue(refAngular.z));
+    expect(formatValue(target.angularVelocity.z)).lessThan(0);
+  });
+
+  it("applyForceAtPosition - respects centerOfMass offset (no torque when applied at CoM)", function () {
+    const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+    const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    boxCollider.mass = 1;
+    boxCollider.useGravity = false;
+    // Shift CoM to local (1, 0, 0). With entity at origin and identity rotation, world CoM = (1, 0, 0).
+    boxCollider.centerOfMass = new Vector3(1, 0, 0);
+    boxCollider.inertiaTensor = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
+
+    // Applying force at world (1,0,0) means r = 0 → no torque.
+    boxCollider.applyForceAtPosition(new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(1, 0, 0));
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1);
+
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.linearVelocity.z)).eq(0.01667);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.x)).eq(0);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.y)).eq(0);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.z)).eq(0);
+  });
+
+  it("applyForceAtPosition - respects entity world rotation when transforming local CoM", function () {
+    // entity rotated 90° around Y, CoM local (1, 0, 0) → world CoM offset (0, 0, -1)
+    // Apply force at world (0,0,-1), r=0, expect no torque.
+    const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+    box.transform.rotate(new Vector3(0, 90, 0));
+    const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    boxCollider.mass = 1;
+    boxCollider.useGravity = false;
+    boxCollider.centerOfMass = new Vector3(1, 0, 0);
+    boxCollider.inertiaTensor = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
+
+    boxCollider.applyForceAtPosition(new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, -1));
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1);
+
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.linearVelocity.x)).eq(0.01667);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.x)).eq(0);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.y)).eq(0);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.z)).eq(0);
+  });
+
+  it("applyForceAtPosition - position + rotation + CoM offset + r != 0 (full worldCoM coverage)", function () {
+    // Stress-test all three terms of worldCoM = entity.worldPos + worldRot * localCoM:
+    //   entity position (5, 0, 0)         — exercises the translation term
+    //   entity rotation 90° around Y       — exercises the rotation term (localCoM (1,0,0) → world (0,0,-1))
+    //   CoM local (1, 0, 0)               — exercises the local CoM lookup
+    //   worldCoM = (5,0,0) + (0,0,-1) = (5, 0, -1)
+    //   force F = (1, 0, 0) at P = (5, 1, -1)
+    //   r = P - worldCoM = (0, 1, 0)
+    //   τ = r × F = (0, 0, -1)
+    // If any single term in worldCoM is wrong (missing translate / wrong quat / wrong localCoM),
+    // r becomes non-(0,1,0) and τ has spurious x/y components → catches the bug.
+    const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(5, 0, 0));
+    box.transform.rotate(new Vector3(0, 90, 0));
+    const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    boxCollider.mass = 1;
+    boxCollider.useGravity = false;
+    boxCollider.centerOfMass = new Vector3(1, 0, 0);
+    boxCollider.inertiaTensor = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
+
+    boxCollider.applyForceAtPosition(new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(5, 1, -1));
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1);
+
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.linearVelocity.x)).eq(0.01667);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.x)).eq(0);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.y)).eq(0);
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.angularVelocity.z)).lessThan(0);
+  });
+
+  it("applyForceAtPosition - works after entity.clone() (defends prefab clone path)", function () {
+    // R6/R8 both surfaced because clone() bypasses setters and leaves native state inconsistent.
+    // applyForceAtPosition reads native getCenterOfMass + entity.transform.worldRotationQuaternion.
+    // If a future change adds @ignoreClone fields or relies on setter side-effects, this test
+    // will catch the regression by exercising the API on a cloned collider.
+    const source = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+    const sourceCollider = source.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    sourceCollider.mass = 1;
+    sourceCollider.useGravity = false;
+    sourceCollider.centerOfMass = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
+    sourceCollider.inertiaTensor = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
+
+    const cloneEntity = source.clone();
+    source.destroy();
+    rootEntity.addChild(cloneEntity);
+    cloneEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 0);
+
+    const cloneCollider = cloneEntity.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    // r = (0,1,0), F = (1,0,0), τ = (0,0,-1) → expect negative angular z
+    cloneCollider.applyForceAtPosition(new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1);
+
+    expect(formatValue(cloneCollider.linearVelocity.x)).eq(0.01667);
+    expect(formatValue(cloneCollider.angularVelocity.z)).lessThan(0);
+    expect(formatValue(cloneCollider.angularVelocity.x)).eq(0);
+    expect(formatValue(cloneCollider.angularVelocity.y)).eq(0);
+  });
+
+  it("applyForce on sleeping actor must wake up and apply force", function () {
+    // Validates whether PhysX wasm `addForce(force, eFORCE, autowake=true)` actually wakes a
+    // sleeping actor on its own — or whether the engine's explicit wakeUp() call is required.
+    const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+    const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    boxCollider.mass = 1;
+    boxCollider.useGravity = false;
+    boxCollider.linearDamping = 0;
+
+    boxCollider.sleep();
+    expect(boxCollider.isSleeping()).toBe(true);
+
+    boxCollider.applyForce(new Vector3(1, 0, 0));
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.linearVelocity.x)).eq(0.01667);
+    expect(boxCollider.isSleeping()).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("applyForce after kinematic→dynamic switch (mimic billiards game break flow)", function () {
+    // Game pattern: all balls set kinematic at init, switched back to dynamic on break,
+    // then applyForce. Verifies the original 'force lost' bug was actually from this path.
+    const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+    const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    boxCollider.mass = 1;
+    boxCollider.useGravity = false;
+    boxCollider.linearDamping = 0;
+
+    boxCollider.isKinematic = true;
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+    boxCollider.isKinematic = false;
+
+    boxCollider.applyForce(new Vector3(1, 0, 0));
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+
+    expect(formatValue(boxCollider.linearVelocity.x)).eq(0.01667);
+  });
+
+  it("fixedTimeStep 1/60 vs 1/480: PhysX applyForce delivers 8x smaller dv at finer step", function () {
+    // ultrathink probe: does cocos-style `fixedTimeStep(true)→1/480` actually give
+    // *more force* than `fixedTimeStep(false)→1/60` in PhysX?
+    //
+    // Theory:
+    //   Bullet (Cocos): clearForces runs ONCE after all substeps → dv = F·frame_dt/m
+    //     → substep count doesn't affect dv.
+    //   PhysX (Galacean): force cleared per simulate() call → only the first substep
+    //     in a frame applies the force → dv = F·fixedTimeStep/m
+    //     → 1/480 gives dv 8x smaller than 1/60.
+    //
+    // This test confirms the PhysX behavior empirically and quantifies the gap.
+    const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+    const originalFTS = scene.physics.fixedTimeStep;
+
+    const probe = (fts: number) => {
+      rootEntity.clearChildren();
+      scene.physics.fixedTimeStep = fts;
+      const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+      const c = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      c.mass = 1;
+      c.useGravity = false;
+      c.linearDamping = 0;
+      c.angularDamping = 0;
+      c.applyForce(new Vector3(100, 0, 0));
+      // Advance exactly one *frame* of wall time. Galacean's _update loops simulate
+      // until frame_dt accumulates: 1/60 → 1 substep; 1/480 → 8 substeps.
+      // @ts-ignore
+      scene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+      return c.linearVelocity.x;
+    };
+
+    const dv_1_60 = probe(1 / 60);
+    const dv_1_480 = probe(1 / 480);
+
+    console.info(
+      `[fixedTimeStep probe] applyForce(F=100) over 1 frame (1/60s):\n` +
+        `  1/60  step → dv = ${dv_1_60.toFixed(4)} m/s\n` +
+        `  1/480 step → dv = ${dv_1_480.toFixed(4)} m/s\n` +
+        `  ratio (1/60 / 1/480) = ${(dv_1_60 / dv_1_480).toFixed(3)}  (theory: 8)`
+    );
+
+    scene.physics.fixedTimeStep = originalFTS;
+
+    // Theory: dv_1_60 = F·(1/60)/m = 100/60 ≈ 1.667
+    expect(dv_1_60).toBeCloseTo(100 / 60, 2);
+    // Theory: dv_1_480 = F·(1/480)/m = 100/480 ≈ 0.208
+    expect(dv_1_480).toBeCloseTo(100 / 480, 2);
+    // Ratio must be 8 (PhysX clears force per simulate)
+    expect(dv_1_60 / dv_1_480).toBeCloseTo(8, 1);
+  });
+
   it("maxAngularVelocity", function () {
     const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
     const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
@@ -398,6 +649,48 @@ describe("DynamicCollider", function () {
     expect(box.transform.position.y).below(1);
   });
 
+  it("teleports kinematic target collider on re-enable instead of sweeping from stale native pose", function () {
+    const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(-10, 0, 0));
+    const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    boxCollider.useGravity = false;
+    boxCollider.isKinematic = true;
+    boxCollider.kinematicTransformSyncMode = DynamicColliderKinematicTransformSyncMode.Target;
+
+    // @ts-ignore
+    engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+
+    // @ts-ignore - intentionally observe the native boundary used by Collider sync.
+    const nativeCollider = boxCollider._nativeCollider;
+    const originalMove = nativeCollider.move.bind(nativeCollider);
+    const originalSetWorldTransform = nativeCollider.setWorldTransform.bind(nativeCollider);
+    let moveCalls = 0;
+    let setWorldTransformCalls = 0;
+    nativeCollider.move = (...args: Parameters<typeof nativeCollider.move>) => {
+      moveCalls++;
+      return originalMove(...args);
+    };
+    nativeCollider.setWorldTransform = (...args: Parameters<typeof nativeCollider.setWorldTransform>) => {
+      setWorldTransformCalls++;
+      return originalSetWorldTransform(...args);
+    };
+
+    try {
+      box.isActive = false;
+      box.transform.setPosition(10, 0, 0);
+      box.isActive = true;
+
+      // @ts-ignore
+      engine.sceneManager.activeScene.physics._update(1 / 60);
+
+      expect(moveCalls).eq(0);
+      expect(setWorldTransformCalls).eq(1);
+      expect(formatValue(box.transform.position.x)).eq(10);
+    } finally {
+      nativeCollider.move = originalMove;
+      nativeCollider.setWorldTransform = originalSetWorldTransform;
+    }
+  });
+
   it("constraints", function () {
     const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
     const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
@@ -442,6 +735,52 @@ describe("DynamicCollider", function () {
     ).toBeTruthy();
   });
 
+  it("R0: CCD mode survives kinematic toggle (PhysX rejects CCD on kinematic)", function () {
+    // RED verification for R0 fix:
+    //   PhysX 4.1.1 forbids CCD on kinematic actors. The fix caches the user-intended mode
+    //   and re-applies on kinematic→dynamic. Without the fix, switching to kinematic loses
+    //   the CCD flag and a subsequent dynamic switch does not restore it.
+    const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+    const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    // @ts-ignore
+    const physX = boxCollider._nativeCollider._physXPhysics._physX;
+    const ccdFlag = () =>
+      // @ts-ignore
+      boxCollider._nativeCollider._pxActor.getRigidBodyFlags(physX.PxRigidBodyFlag.eENABLE_CCD);
+
+    boxCollider.collisionDetectionMode = CollisionDetectionMode.Continuous;
+    expect(ccdFlag()).toBeTruthy();
+
+    boxCollider.isKinematic = true;
+    expect(ccdFlag()).toBeFalsy();
+
+    boxCollider.isKinematic = false;
+    expect(ccdFlag()).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(boxCollider.collisionDetectionMode).toEqual(CollisionDetectionMode.Continuous);
+  });
+
+  it("R0: setCollisionDetectionMode in kinematic state defers application", function () {
+    // RED verification: while kinematic, the CCD flag should not be touched (PhysX warns).
+    // User's intent is cached and applied on next dynamic switch.
+    const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+    const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+    // @ts-ignore
+    const physX = boxCollider._nativeCollider._physXPhysics._physX;
+    const ccdFlag = () =>
+      // @ts-ignore
+      boxCollider._nativeCollider._pxActor.getRigidBodyFlags(physX.PxRigidBodyFlag.eENABLE_CCD);
+
+    boxCollider.isKinematic = true;
+    expect(ccdFlag()).toBeFalsy();
+
+    boxCollider.collisionDetectionMode = CollisionDetectionMode.Continuous;
+    expect(ccdFlag()).toBeFalsy();
+    expect(boxCollider.collisionDetectionMode).toEqual(CollisionDetectionMode.Continuous);
+
+    boxCollider.isKinematic = false;
+    expect(ccdFlag()).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
   it("sleep", function () {
     const box = addBox(new Vector3(2, 2, 2), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
     const boxCollider = box.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
diff --git a/tests/src/core/physics/MeshColliderShape.test.ts b/tests/src/core/physics/MeshColliderShape.test.ts
index dfb12cf5c0..1b85709d29 100644
--- a/tests/src/core/physics/MeshColliderShape.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/core/physics/MeshColliderShape.test.ts
@@ -31,11 +31,7 @@ class CollisionScript extends Script {
  * @param indices - Optional triangle indices
  * @returns A ModelMesh with readable data
  */
-function createModelMesh(
-  engine: WebGLEngine,
-  positions: number[],
-  indices?: number[]
-): ModelMesh {
+function createModelMesh(engine: WebGLEngine, positions: number[], indices?: number[]): ModelMesh {
   const mesh = new ModelMesh(engine);
   const vec3Positions: Vector3[] = [];
   for (let i = 0; i < positions.length; i += 3) {
@@ -107,11 +103,7 @@ describe("MeshColliderShape PhysX", () => {
       const meshShape = new MeshColliderShape();
       const meshMaterial = meshShape.material;
       // Ground plane at y=0, CCW winding -> normal +Y
-      const mesh = createModelMesh(
-        engine,
-        [-10, 0, -10, 10, 0, -10, -10, 0, 10, 10, 0, 10],
-        [0, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3]
-      );
+      const mesh = createModelMesh(engine, [-10, 0, -10, 10, 0, -10, -10, 0, 10, 10, 0, 10], [0, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3]);
       meshShape.mesh = mesh;
       groundCollider.addShape(meshShape);
 
@@ -190,6 +182,57 @@ describe("MeshColliderShape PhysX", () => {
       defaultMaterial?.destroy();
       material?.destroy();
     });
+
+    it("R6: cloned MeshColliderShape rebuilds its native PhysX shape", async () => {
+      // RED verification for R6 fix:
+      //   MeshColliderShape's `_nativeShape` is `@ignoreClone` — without an
+      //   override of `_cloneTo` cooking a fresh shape from cloned vertex/index
+      //   buffers, the cloned entity has no physical surface (sphere falls
+      //   straight through).
+      const groundEntity = root.createChild("meshGroundForClone");
+      groundEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 0);
+      const groundCollider = groundEntity.addComponent(StaticCollider);
+      const meshShape = new MeshColliderShape();
+      const meshMaterial = meshShape.material;
+      const mesh = createModelMesh(engine, [-10, 0, -10, 10, 0, -10, -10, 0, 10, 10, 0, 10], [0, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3]);
+      meshShape.mesh = mesh;
+      groundCollider.addShape(meshShape);
+
+      const clonedGround = groundEntity.clone();
+      // Move the original aside so the cloned ground is the only surface below the sphere.
+      groundEntity.transform.setPosition(1000, 0, 0);
+      root.addChild(clonedGround);
+      clonedGround.transform.setPosition(0, 0, 0);
+
+      const clonedShape = clonedGround.getComponent(StaticCollider).shapes[0] as MeshColliderShape;
+      // @ts-ignore — inspect that the cloned shape actually has a usable native PhysX handle
+      expect(clonedShape._nativeShape).not.toBeNull();
+      // @ts-ignore
+      expect(clonedShape._nativeShape._pxShape).toBeDefined();
+
+      const sphereEntity = root.createChild("sphereForClone");
+      sphereEntity.transform.setPosition(0, 2, 0);
+      const dynamicCollider = sphereEntity.addComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      const sphereShape = new SphereColliderShape();
+      const sphereMaterial = sphereShape.material;
+      sphereShape.radius = 0.5;
+      dynamicCollider.addShape(sphereShape);
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
+        physicsScene._update(1 / 60);
+      }
+
+      // Sphere lands on cloned ground (y > -1), not falls forever (y < -10).
+      const sphereY = sphereEntity.transform.position.y;
+      expect(sphereY).toBeGreaterThan(-1);
+      expect(sphereY).toBeLessThan(2);
+
+      groundEntity.destroy();
+      clonedGround.destroy();
+      sphereEntity.destroy();
+      meshMaterial?.destroy();
+      sphereMaterial?.destroy();
+    });
   });
 
   describe("Convex Mesh (Dynamic)", () => {
@@ -265,9 +308,10 @@ describe("MeshColliderShape PhysX", () => {
       const meshShape = new MeshColliderShape();
       const meshMaterial = meshShape.material;
       meshShape.isConvex = true;
-      const mesh = createModelMesh(engine, [
-        -1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1
-      ]);
+      const mesh = createModelMesh(
+        engine,
+        [-1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1]
+      );
       meshShape.mesh = mesh;
       meshShape.isTrigger = true;
       triggerCollider.addShape(meshShape);
@@ -417,11 +461,7 @@ describe("MeshColliderShape PhysX", () => {
       staticCollider.addShape(meshShape);
 
       // Update mesh
-      const mesh2 = createModelMesh(
-        engine,
-        [0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0],
-        [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
-      );
+      const mesh2 = createModelMesh(engine, [0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
       meshShape.mesh = mesh2;
 
       expect(staticCollider.shapes.length).toBe(1);
@@ -695,11 +735,7 @@ describe("MeshColliderShape PhysX", () => {
       expect(meshShape._nativeShape).toBeNull();
 
       // Re-enable with new mesh
-      const mesh2 = createModelMesh(
-        engine,
-        [0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0],
-        [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
-      );
+      const mesh2 = createModelMesh(engine, [0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
       meshShape.mesh = mesh2;
       // @ts-ignore
       expect(meshShape._nativeShape).not.toBeNull();
diff --git a/tests/src/core/physics/PhysicsMaterial.test.ts b/tests/src/core/physics/PhysicsMaterial.test.ts
index 7433197ade..7bfd0e0e88 100644
--- a/tests/src/core/physics/PhysicsMaterial.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/core/physics/PhysicsMaterial.test.ts
@@ -79,6 +79,56 @@ describe("PhysicsMaterial", () => {
     expect(formatValue(boxEntity2.transform.position.y)).eq(0);
   });
 
+  it("cloned collider shape material keeps native values", () => {
+    const scene = engine.sceneManager.activeScene;
+    const originalGravity = scene.physics.gravity.clone();
+    const originalFixedTimeStep = scene.physics.fixedTimeStep;
+    scene.physics.gravity = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
+    scene.physics.fixedTimeStep = 1 / 60;
+
+    try {
+      const wallEntity = addBox(new Vector3(1, 8, 8), StaticCollider, new Vector3(0, 0, 0));
+      const wallMaterial = wallEntity.getComponent(StaticCollider).shapes[0].material;
+      wallMaterial.bounciness = 1;
+      wallMaterial.dynamicFriction = 0;
+      wallMaterial.staticFriction = 0;
+      wallMaterial.bounceCombine = PhysicsMaterialCombineMode.Multiply;
+      wallMaterial.frictionCombine = PhysicsMaterialCombineMode.Multiply;
+
+      const sourceEntity = addBox(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(-3, 0, 0));
+      const sourceCollider = sourceEntity.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      sourceCollider.linearDamping = 0;
+      sourceCollider.angularDamping = 0;
+      sourceCollider.automaticCenterOfMass = false;
+      sourceCollider.automaticInertiaTensor = false;
+
+      const sourceMaterial = sourceCollider.shapes[0].material;
+      sourceMaterial.bounciness = 1;
+      sourceMaterial.dynamicFriction = 0;
+      sourceMaterial.staticFriction = 0;
+      sourceMaterial.bounceCombine = PhysicsMaterialCombineMode.Multiply;
+      sourceMaterial.frictionCombine = PhysicsMaterialCombineMode.Multiply;
+
+      const cloneEntity = sourceEntity.clone();
+      sourceEntity.destroy();
+      rootEntity.addChild(cloneEntity);
+      cloneEntity.transform.setPosition(-3, 0, 0);
+
+      const cloneCollider = cloneEntity.getComponent(DynamicCollider);
+      cloneCollider.linearVelocity = new Vector3(10, 0, 0);
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+        // @ts-ignore
+        scene.physics._update(scene.physics.fixedTimeStep);
+      }
+
+      expect(cloneCollider.linearVelocity.x).lessThan(-1);
+    } finally {
+      scene.physics.gravity = originalGravity;
+      scene.physics.fixedTimeStep = originalFixedTimeStep;
+    }
+  });
+
   it("bounceCombine Average", () => {
     const boxEntity = addBox(new Vector3(1, 1, 1), DynamicCollider, new Vector3(0, 5, 0));
     const ground = addPlane(0, -0.5, 0);
diff --git a/tests/src/core/physics/PhysicsScene.test.ts b/tests/src/core/physics/PhysicsScene.test.ts
index 406306a4b6..a62067db59 100644
--- a/tests/src/core/physics/PhysicsScene.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/core/physics/PhysicsScene.test.ts
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ import {
   Scene,
   Script,
   SphereColliderShape,
-  StaticCollider,
-  OverlapHitResult
+  StaticCollider
 } from "@galacean/engine-core";
 import { Ray, Vector3, Quaternion } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { LitePhysics } from "@galacean/engine-physics-lite";
@@ -469,16 +468,15 @@ describe("Physics Test", () => {
       expect(outHitResult.normal).to.be.deep.include({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 });
       expect(outHitResult.entity).to.be.null;
 
-      // Test that return origin point if origin is inside collider.
+      // Test that initial overlap is skipped when ray origin is inside collider.
+      // Use a strictly-inside origin (2.9,2.9,2.9) rather than the box corner
+      // (3,3,3), which is a boundary point whose hit/miss depends on PhysX edge
+      // tolerance and can flake regardless of the initial-overlap-skip behavior.
       boxShape.size = new Vector3(6, 6, 6);
-      ray = new Ray(new Vector3(3, 3, 3), new Vector3(0, -1, 0).normalize());
-      expect(physicsScene.raycast(ray, outHitResult)).to.eq(true);
+      ray = new Ray(new Vector3(2.9, 2.9, 2.9), new Vector3(0, -1, 0).normalize());
+      expect(physicsScene.raycast(ray, outHitResult)).to.eq(false);
       expect(outHitResult.distance).to.be.eq(0);
-      expect(outHitResult.point).to.be.deep.include({ x: 3, y: 3, z: 3 });
-      expect(outHitResult.normal.x).to.be.eq(0);
-      expect(outHitResult.normal.y).to.be.eq(1);
-      expect(outHitResult.normal.z).to.be.eq(0);
-      expect(outHitResult.entity).to.be.eq(raycastTestRoot);
+      expect(outHitResult.entity).to.be.null;
 
       // Test that raycast works correctly if shape is not at origin of coordinate.
       boxShape.size = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
@@ -508,6 +506,7 @@ describe("Physics Test", () => {
       rootEntityCharacter.transform.position = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
 
       const characterController = rootEntityCharacter.addComponent(CharacterController);
+      characterController.collisionLayer = Layer.Layer3;
       const boxShape2 = new BoxColliderShape();
       boxShape2.size.set(1, 1, 1);
       boxShape2.position = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);
@@ -554,7 +553,7 @@ describe("Physics Test", () => {
       const halfExtents = new Vector3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
       const direction = new Vector3(0, 1, 0);
       const orientation = new Quaternion();
-      expect(physicsScene.boxCast(center, halfExtents, direction, orientation)).to.eq(false);
+      expect(physicsScene.boxCast(center, halfExtents, direction)).to.eq(false);
 
       // Test boxCast with hit
       direction.set(-1, -1, -1);
@@ -584,7 +583,7 @@ describe("Physics Test", () => {
         physicsScene.boxCast(center, halfExtents, direction, orientation, 0.1, Layer.Everything, outHitResult)
       ).to.eq(false);
 
-      // Test boxCast when box is inside collider
+      // Test that initial overlap is skipped when sweep starts inside a collider.
       center.set(0, 0, 0);
       expect(
         physicsScene.boxCast(
@@ -596,8 +595,7 @@ describe("Physics Test", () => {
           Layer.Everything,
           outHitResult
         )
-      ).to.eq(true);
-      expect(outHitResult.distance).to.be.eq(0);
+      ).to.eq(false);
 
       // Test boxCast with rotation
       Quaternion.rotationEuler(0, Math.PI / 4, 0, orientation);
@@ -728,12 +726,11 @@ describe("Physics Test", () => {
       // Test sphereCast with distance limit
       expect(physicsScene.sphereCast(center, radius, direction, 0.1, Layer.Everything, outHitResult)).to.eq(false);
 
-      // Test sphereCast when sphere is inside collider
+      // Test that initial overlap is skipped when sphere starts inside a collider.
       center.set(0, 0, 0);
       expect(
         physicsScene.sphereCast(center, radius, direction, Number.MAX_VALUE, Layer.Everything, outHitResult)
-      ).to.eq(true);
-      expect(outHitResult.distance).to.be.eq(0);
+      ).to.eq(false);
 
       // Test sphereCast with multiple colliders
       const collider2 = sweepTestRoot.addComponent(StaticCollider);
@@ -855,7 +852,7 @@ describe("Physics Test", () => {
         physicsScene.capsuleCast(center, radius, height, direction, orientation, 0.1, Layer.Everything, outHitResult)
       ).to.eq(false);
 
-      // Test capsuleCast when capsule is inside collider
+      // Test that initial overlap is skipped when capsule starts inside a collider.
       center.set(0, 0, 0);
       expect(
         physicsScene.capsuleCast(
@@ -868,8 +865,7 @@ describe("Physics Test", () => {
           Layer.Everything,
           outHitResult
         )
-      ).to.eq(true);
-      expect(outHitResult.distance).to.be.eq(0);
+      ).to.eq(false);
 
       // Test capsuleCast with rotation
       Quaternion.rotationEuler(0, Math.PI / 4, 0, orientation);
@@ -1511,14 +1507,16 @@ describe("Physics Test", () => {
         collisionTestScript.useLite = false;
 
         // Test that collision works correctly, A is dynamic and kinematic, B is static.
+        // SceneDesc.staticKineFilteringMode = eKEEP + Collider.move() routing kinematic
+        // to setKinematicTarget make static-kinematic pairs generate contact events.
         resetSpy();
         setColliderProps(entity1, true, false, true);
         setColliderProps(entity2, false, false, false);
         updatePhysics(physicsMgr);
 
-        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionEnter).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionStay).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionEnter).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionStay).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionExit).toHaveBeenCalled();
         expect(collisionTestScript.onTriggerEnter).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
         expect(collisionTestScript.onTriggerStay).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
         expect(collisionTestScript.onTriggerExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -1631,14 +1629,16 @@ describe("Physics Test", () => {
         collisionTestScript.useLite = false;
 
         // Test that collision works correctly, both A,B are dynamic, kinematic.
+        // SceneDesc.kineKineFilteringMode = eKEEP + Collider.move() routing kinematic
+        // to setKinematicTarget make kine-kine pairs generate contact events.
         resetSpy();
         setColliderProps(entity1, true, false, true);
         setColliderProps(entity2, true, false, true);
         updatePhysics(physicsMgr);
 
-        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionEnter).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionStay).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionEnter).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionStay).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(collisionTestScript.onCollisionExit).toHaveBeenCalled();
         expect(collisionTestScript.onTriggerEnter).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
         expect(collisionTestScript.onTriggerStay).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
         expect(collisionTestScript.onTriggerExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
diff --git a/tests/src/loader/GLTFLoader.test.ts b/tests/src/loader/GLTFLoader.test.ts
index 7b35b7b330..164dd788aa 100644
--- a/tests/src/loader/GLTFLoader.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/loader/GLTFLoader.test.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,156 @@ beforeAll(async function () {
   @registerGLTFParser(GLTFParserType.Schema)
   class GLTFCustomJSONParser extends GLTFParser {
     parse(context: GLTFParserContext) {
+      if (context.glTFResource.url.endsWith("testSkinRoot.gltf")) {
+        context.buffers = [new ArrayBuffer(128)];
+        return Promise.resolve({
+          asset: {
+            version: "2.0"
+          },
+          scene: 0,
+          scenes: [
+            {
+              nodes: [0, 1]
+            }
+          ],
+          nodes: [
+            {
+              name: "Character_Man",
+              skin: 0
+            },
+            {
+              name: "mixamorig:Hips",
+              children: [2]
+            },
+            {
+              name: "mixamorig:Spine"
+            }
+          ],
+          skins: [
+            {
+              inverseBindMatrices: 0,
+              joints: [1, 2]
+            }
+          ],
+          accessors: [
+            {
+              bufferView: 0,
+              byteOffset: 0,
+              componentType: 5126,
+              count: 2,
+              type: "MAT4"
+            }
+          ],
+          bufferViews: [
+            {
+              buffer: 0,
+              byteOffset: 0,
+              byteLength: 128
+            }
+          ],
+          buffers: [
+            {
+              byteLength: 128
+            }
+          ]
+        });
+      }
+
+      if (context.glTFResource.url.endsWith("testSkinRootBounds.gltf")) {
+        const buffer = new ArrayBuffer(152);
+        const floats = new Float32Array(buffer);
+        // Inverse bind matrices for Hips and Spine. Their bind pose world x is
+        // Character_Group(3) + Hips(10), so inverse bind translates by -13.
+        floats.set([1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -13, 0, 0, 1], 0);
+        floats.set([1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -13, 0, 0, 1], 16);
+        floats.set([9, -1, -1, 11, 1, 1], 32);
+        context.buffers = [buffer];
+        return Promise.resolve({
+          asset: {
+            version: "2.0"
+          },
+          scene: 0,
+          scenes: [
+            {
+              nodes: [0]
+            }
+          ],
+          nodes: [
+            {
+              name: "Character_Group",
+              translation: [3, 0, 0],
+              children: [1, 2]
+            },
+            {
+              name: "Character_Man",
+              mesh: 0,
+              skin: 0
+            },
+            {
+              name: "mixamorig:Hips",
+              translation: [10, 0, 0],
+              children: [3]
+            },
+            {
+              name: "mixamorig:Spine"
+            }
+          ],
+          skins: [
+            {
+              inverseBindMatrices: 0,
+              joints: [2, 3]
+            }
+          ],
+          meshes: [
+            {
+              primitives: [
+                {
+                  attributes: {
+                    POSITION: 1
+                  },
+                  mode: 4
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          ],
+          accessors: [
+            {
+              bufferView: 0,
+              byteOffset: 0,
+              componentType: 5126,
+              count: 2,
+              type: "MAT4"
+            },
+            {
+              bufferView: 1,
+              byteOffset: 0,
+              componentType: 5126,
+              count: 2,
+              type: "VEC3",
+              min: [9, -1, -1],
+              max: [11, 1, 1]
+            }
+          ],
+          bufferViews: [
+            {
+              buffer: 0,
+              byteOffset: 0,
+              byteLength: 128
+            },
+            {
+              buffer: 0,
+              byteOffset: 128,
+              byteLength: 24
+            }
+          ],
+          buffers: [
+            {
+              byteLength: 152
+            }
+          ]
+        });
+      }
+
       const glTF = <any>{
         buffers: [
           {
@@ -393,7 +543,7 @@ beforeAll(async function () {
 
 afterAll(() => {
   @registerGLTFParser(GLTFParserType.Schema)
-  class test extends GLTFSchemaParser { }
+  class test extends GLTFSchemaParser {}
 });
 
 describe("glTF Loader test", function () {
@@ -481,6 +631,17 @@ describe("glTF Loader test", function () {
     expect(renderer).to.exist;
     expect(renderer.blendShapeWeights).to.deep.include([1, 1]);
   });
+
+  it("single-root animation root channel should bind to the root node path", async () => {
+    const glTFResource: GLTFResource = await engine.resourceManager.load({
+      type: AssetType.GLTF,
+      url: "mock/path/testA.gltf"
+    });
+
+    const clip = glTFResource.animations?.[0];
+    expect(clip).to.exist;
+    expect(clip.curveBindings[0].relativePath).to.equal("entity1");
+  });
 });
 
 describe("glTF instance test", function () {
@@ -517,6 +678,50 @@ describe("glTF instance test", function () {
   });
 });
 
+describe("glTF scene root structure", function () {
+  it("Single root scene should have GLTF_ROOT container", async () => {
+    const glTFResource: GLTFResource = await engine.resourceManager.load({
+      type: AssetType.GLTF,
+      url: "mock/path/testRoot.gltf"
+    });
+    const { defaultSceneRoot } = glTFResource;
+
+    // Should always create GLTF_ROOT container, even for single-root scenes
+    expect(defaultSceneRoot.name).to.equal("GLTF_ROOT");
+    expect(defaultSceneRoot.children.length).to.equal(1);
+    expect(defaultSceneRoot.children[0].name).to.equal("entity1");
+  });
+
+  it("Multi-root skins without skeleton should use the scene wrapper as rootBone", async () => {
+    const glTFResource: GLTFResource = await engine.resourceManager.load({
+      type: AssetType.GLTF,
+      url: "mock/path/testSkinRoot.gltf"
+    });
+    const { defaultSceneRoot, skins } = glTFResource;
+
+    expect(defaultSceneRoot.name).to.equal("GLTF_ROOT");
+    expect(defaultSceneRoot.children.length).to.equal(2);
+    expect(skins[0].rootBone).to.equal(defaultSceneRoot);
+  });
+
+  it("Skinned mesh bounds should stay in rootBone space when inferred rootBone is outside joints", async () => {
+    const glTFResource: GLTFResource = await engine.resourceManager.load({
+      type: AssetType.GLTF,
+      url: "mock/path/testSkinRootBounds.gltf"
+    });
+    const { defaultSceneRoot, skins } = glTFResource;
+    const characterGroup = defaultSceneRoot.children[0];
+    const characterMesh = characterGroup.children[0];
+    const renderer = characterMesh.getComponent(SkinnedMeshRenderer);
+
+    expect(skins[0].rootBone).to.equal(characterGroup);
+    expect(renderer.localBounds.min.x).to.be.closeTo(6, 1e-5);
+    expect(renderer.localBounds.max.x).to.be.closeTo(8, 1e-5);
+    expect(renderer.bounds.min.x).to.be.closeTo(9, 1e-5);
+    expect(renderer.bounds.max.x).to.be.closeTo(11, 1e-5);
+  });
+});
+
 describe("glTF instance test", function () {
   it("GLTFResource destroy directly", async () => {
     const glTFResource: GLTFResource = await engine.resourceManager.load({
diff --git a/tests/src/loader/ScenePhysics.test.ts b/tests/src/loader/ScenePhysics.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74a1a452cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/loader/ScenePhysics.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import { AssetType, BackgroundMode, Scene } from "@galacean/engine";
+import "@galacean/engine-loader";
+import { PhysXPhysics } from "@galacean/engine-physics-physx";
+import { WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine-rhi-webgl";
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+let engine: WebGLEngine;
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+  engine = await WebGLEngine.create({
+    canvas: document.createElement("canvas"),
+    physics: new PhysXPhysics()
+  });
+});
+
+afterAll(() => {
+  engine?.destroy();
+});
+
+describe("SceneLoader physics settings", () => {
+  it("applies serialized scene physics settings to PhysicsScene", async () => {
+    const sceneData = {
+      name: "physics-scene",
+      entities: [],
+      scene: {
+        background: {
+          mode: BackgroundMode.SolidColor,
+          color: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 1 }
+        },
+        physics: {
+          gravity: { x: 0, y: -3200, z: 0 },
+          fixedTimeStep: 1 / 120
+        }
+      },
+      files: []
+    };
+    const sceneUrl =
+      URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([JSON.stringify(sceneData)], { type: "application/json" })) + "#.scene";
+
+    const scene = await engine.resourceManager.load<Scene>({
+      url: sceneUrl,
+      type: AssetType.Scene
+    });
+
+    expect(scene.physics.gravity.x).toBe(0);
+    expect(scene.physics.gravity.y).toBe(-3200);
+    expect(scene.physics.gravity.z).toBe(0);
+    expect(scene.physics.fixedTimeStep).toBe(1 / 120);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/src/loader/StrippedEntity.test.ts b/tests/src/loader/StrippedEntity.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f078d1d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/loader/StrippedEntity.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+/**
+ * Tests stripped entities that proxy internal prefab-instance entities.
+ *
+ * A stripped entity can resolve to an entity inside a nested prefab instance and
+ * serve as the parent for newly added entities.
+ */
+import { expect, beforeAll, afterAll, describe, it } from "vitest";
+import { WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine-rhi-webgl";
+import type { IHierarchyFile } from "@galacean/engine-loader";
+import { Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { PrefabParser } from "../../../packages/loader/src/prefab/PrefabParser";
+
+let engine: WebGLEngine;
+
+function getResourceObjectPool(): Record<string, unknown> {
+  return (engine.resourceManager as unknown as { _objectPool: Record<string, unknown> })._objectPool;
+}
+
+function cachePrefab(url: string, prefab: unknown): void {
+  getResourceObjectPool()[url] = prefab;
+}
+
+function removeCachedPrefab(url: string): void {
+  delete getResourceObjectPool()[url];
+}
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+  const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+  canvas.width = 256;
+  canvas.height = 256;
+  engine = await WebGLEngine.create({ canvas });
+});
+
+afterAll(() => {
+  engine?.destroy();
+});
+
+describe("IStrippedEntity as addedEntities mechanism", () => {
+  it("keeps nested prefab children after instantiation", async () => {
+    const nestedPrefabData: IHierarchyFile = {
+      entities: [
+        { id: "0", name: "nestedRoot", components: [], children: ["1", "2"] },
+        { id: "1", name: "boneHand", parent: "0", components: [] },
+        { id: "2", name: "otherChild", parent: "0", components: [] }
+      ]
+    };
+    const nestedPrefab = await PrefabParser.parse(engine, "sanity.prefab", nestedPrefabData);
+    const inst = nestedPrefab.instantiate();
+    const names = inst.children.map((c) => c.name);
+    expect(names).toContain("boneHand");
+    expect(names).toContain("otherChild");
+    inst.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it("should attach new child entity under an internal entity of a nested prefab", async () => {
+    // Nested prefab:
+    //   root
+    //     - boneHand    (proxied by the stripped entity)
+    //     - otherChild
+    const nestedPrefabData: IHierarchyFile = {
+      entities: [
+        { id: "0", name: "nestedRoot", components: [], children: ["1", "2"] },
+        { id: "1", name: "boneHand", parent: "0", components: [] },
+        { id: "2", name: "otherChild", parent: "0", components: [] }
+      ]
+    };
+    const nestedPrefab = await PrefabParser.parse(engine, "char.prefab", nestedPrefabData);
+    cachePrefab("char.prefab", nestedPrefab);
+
+    // Outer prefab:
+    //   - IRefEntity instantiating the nested prefab (only direct child of outerRoot)
+    //   - IStrippedEntity proxying to boneHand, not in outerRoot.children
+    //   - weaponslot listed in stripped entity's children
+    const outerPrefabData: IHierarchyFile = {
+      entities: [
+        {
+          id: "outerRoot",
+          name: "Character",
+          components: [],
+          children: ["charInst"]
+        },
+        {
+          id: "charInst",
+          name: "char",
+          parent: "outerRoot",
+          components: [],
+          assetUrl: "char.prefab",
+          isClone: true,
+          modifications: [],
+          removedEntities: [],
+          removedComponents: []
+        } as any,
+        {
+          // Do not set `name`: _applyEntityData would override the internal entity's name.
+          strippedId: "boneHandle",
+          prefabInstanceId: "charInst",
+          prefabSource: { assetId: "", entityId: "0" },
+          components: [],
+          children: ["weaponslot"]
+        } as any,
+        {
+          id: "weaponslot",
+          name: "weaponslot1",
+          parent: "boneHandle",
+          components: [],
+          position: { x: 0.5, y: 0.25, z: 0 }
+        }
+      ]
+    };
+
+    const outerPrefab = await PrefabParser.parse(engine, "outer.prefab", outerPrefabData);
+    const root = outerPrefab.instantiate();
+
+    const charInst = root.children.find((c) => c.name === "char");
+    expect(charInst, "char instance should be a child of outerRoot").not.toBeUndefined();
+
+    const boneHand = charInst!.children.find((c) => c.name === "boneHand");
+    expect(boneHand, "boneHand should exist inside nested prefab").not.toBeUndefined();
+
+    const weaponslot = boneHand!.children.find((c) => c.name === "weaponslot1");
+    expect(weaponslot, "weaponslot1 should be attached as child of boneHand via stripped entity").not.toBeUndefined();
+    expect(weaponslot!.transform.position.x).toBeCloseTo(0.5, 5);
+    expect(weaponslot!.transform.position.y).toBeCloseTo(0.25, 5);
+    expect(weaponslot!.transform.position.z).toBeCloseTo(0, 5);
+
+    root.destroy();
+    removeCachedPrefab("char.prefab");
+  });
+
+  it("should support multiple stripped entities targeting different internal entities (LeftHand / RightHand socket case)", async () => {
+    // Nested prefab: root -> [LeftHand, RightHand]
+    const nestedPrefabData: IHierarchyFile = {
+      entities: [
+        { id: "0", name: "nestedRoot", components: [], children: ["1", "2"] },
+        { id: "1", name: "LeftHand", parent: "0", components: [] },
+        { id: "2", name: "RightHand", parent: "0", components: [] }
+      ]
+    };
+    const nestedPrefab = await PrefabParser.parse(engine, "body.prefab", nestedPrefabData);
+    cachePrefab("body.prefab", nestedPrefab);
+
+    // entityId is the path string generated by _generateInstanceContext:
+    //   nestedRoot = ""
+    //   nestedRoot.children[0] = LeftHand  -> "0"
+    //   nestedRoot.children[1] = RightHand -> "1"
+    const outerPrefabData: IHierarchyFile = {
+      entities: [
+        {
+          id: "outerRoot",
+          name: "Player",
+          components: [],
+          children: ["bodyInst"]
+        },
+        {
+          id: "bodyInst",
+          name: "body",
+          parent: "outerRoot",
+          components: [],
+          assetUrl: "body.prefab",
+          isClone: true,
+          modifications: [],
+          removedEntities: [],
+          removedComponents: []
+        } as any,
+        {
+          strippedId: "lhHandle",
+          prefabInstanceId: "bodyInst",
+          prefabSource: { assetId: "", entityId: "0" },
+          components: [],
+          children: ["ws1"]
+        } as any,
+        {
+          strippedId: "rhHandle",
+          prefabInstanceId: "bodyInst",
+          prefabSource: { assetId: "", entityId: "1" },
+          components: [],
+          children: ["ws2", "ws3"]
+        } as any,
+        { id: "ws1", name: "weaponslot1", parent: "lhHandle", components: [] },
+        { id: "ws2", name: "weaponslot2", parent: "rhHandle", components: [] },
+        { id: "ws3", name: "weaponslot3", parent: "rhHandle", components: [] }
+      ]
+    };
+
+    const outerPrefab = await PrefabParser.parse(engine, "player.prefab", outerPrefabData);
+    const root = outerPrefab.instantiate();
+    const bodyInst = root.children.find((c) => c.name === "body")!;
+    const leftHand = bodyInst.children.find((c) => c.name === "LeftHand")!;
+    const rightHand = bodyInst.children.find((c) => c.name === "RightHand")!;
+
+    const slot1 = leftHand.children.find((c) => c.name === "weaponslot1");
+    const slot2 = rightHand.children.find((c) => c.name === "weaponslot2");
+    const slot3 = rightHand.children.find((c) => c.name === "weaponslot3");
+
+    expect(slot1, "weaponslot1 under LeftHand").not.toBeUndefined();
+    expect(slot2, "weaponslot2 under RightHand").not.toBeUndefined();
+    expect(slot3, "weaponslot3 under RightHand").not.toBeUndefined();
+
+    // No new entities should remain as direct children of outerRoot after reparenting
+    expect(root.children.find((c) => c.name === "weaponslot1")).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(root.children.find((c) => c.name === "lh-proxy")).toBeUndefined();
+
+    root.destroy();
+    removeCachedPrefab("body.prefab");
+  });
+
+  it("should propagate internal entity transform changes to the attached child (bone-drives-weapon behavior)", async () => {
+    // When an internal entity moves, the child attached through the stripped
+    // entity follows through normal hierarchy transforms.
+    const nestedPrefabData: IHierarchyFile = {
+      entities: [
+        { id: "0", name: "nestedRoot", components: [], children: ["1"] },
+        { id: "1", name: "bone", parent: "0", components: [] }
+      ]
+    };
+    const nestedPrefab = await PrefabParser.parse(engine, "skel.prefab", nestedPrefabData);
+    cachePrefab("skel.prefab", nestedPrefab);
+
+    const outerPrefabData: IHierarchyFile = {
+      entities: [
+        {
+          id: "outerRoot",
+          name: "Actor",
+          components: [],
+          children: ["skelInst"]
+        },
+        {
+          id: "skelInst",
+          name: "skel",
+          parent: "outerRoot",
+          components: [],
+          assetUrl: "skel.prefab",
+          isClone: true,
+          modifications: [],
+          removedEntities: [],
+          removedComponents: []
+        } as any,
+        {
+          strippedId: "boneHandle",
+          prefabInstanceId: "skelInst",
+          prefabSource: { assetId: "", entityId: "0" },
+          components: [],
+          children: ["weapon"]
+        } as any,
+        {
+          id: "weapon",
+          name: "weapon",
+          parent: "boneHandle",
+          components: [],
+          position: { x: 1, y: 0, z: 0 }
+        }
+      ]
+    };
+
+    const outerPrefab = await PrefabParser.parse(engine, "actor.prefab", outerPrefabData);
+    const root = outerPrefab.instantiate();
+    const bone = root.children.find((c) => c.name === "skel")!.children.find((c) => c.name === "bone")!;
+    const weapon = bone.children.find((c) => c.name === "weapon")!;
+
+    // Initial: bone at origin, weapon world position = (1, 0, 0)
+    const worldPos = new Vector3();
+    worldPos.copyFrom(weapon.transform.worldPosition);
+    expect(worldPos.x).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+    expect(worldPos.y).toBeCloseTo(0, 5);
+    expect(worldPos.z).toBeCloseTo(0, 5);
+
+    // Simulate transform animation: move bone to (10, 5, -3)
+    bone.transform.setPosition(10, 5, -3);
+    worldPos.copyFrom(weapon.transform.worldPosition);
+    expect(worldPos.x).toBeCloseTo(11, 5); // 10 + 1
+    expect(worldPos.y).toBeCloseTo(5, 5); //  5 + 0
+    expect(worldPos.z).toBeCloseTo(-3, 5); // -3 + 0
+
+    root.destroy();
+    removeCachedPrefab("skel.prefab");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/ShaderLab.test.ts b/tests/src/shader-lab/ShaderLab.test.ts
index e998533e5e..b1d5085044 100644
--- a/tests/src/shader-lab/ShaderLab.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/ShaderLab.test.ts
@@ -247,8 +247,128 @@ describe("ShaderLab", async () => {
     glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabRelease);
   });
 
+  it("macro-negate-number (!0, !1 in #if expressions)", async () => {
+    const shaderSource = await readFile("./shaders/macro-negate-number.shader");
+    glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabVerbose);
+    glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabRelease);
+  });
+
   it("mrt-struct", async () => {
     const shaderSource = await readFile("./shaders/mrt-struct.shader");
     glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabRelease);
   });
+
+  it("texture-generic (GVec4 → vec4 resolve)", async () => {
+    const shaderSource = await readFile("./shaders/texture-generic.shader");
+    glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabRelease);
+  });
+
+  it("generic-return-type (builtin generic return as arg to user function)", async () => {
+    const shaderSource = await readFile("./shaders/generic-return-type.shader");
+    glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabRelease);
+  });
+
+  it("define-struct-access-global (global #define with struct member access)", async () => {
+    const shaderSource = await readFile("./shaders/define-struct-access-global.shader");
+    glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabRelease);
+
+    const shader = shaderLabVerbose._parseShaderSource(shaderSource);
+    const passSource = shader.subShaders[0].passes[0];
+    const { vertex, fragment } = shaderLabVerbose._parseShaderPass(
+      passSource.contents,
+      passSource.vertexEntry,
+      passSource.fragmentEntry,
+      0,
+      ""
+    )!;
+
+    const expectedVert = await readFile("./expected/define-struct-access-global.vert.glsl");
+    const expectedFrag = await readFile("./expected/define-struct-access-global.frag.glsl");
+    expect(vertex).to.equal(expectedVert);
+    expect(fragment).to.equal(expectedFrag);
+  });
+
+  it("define-struct-access (function-body #define with struct member access)", async () => {
+    const shaderSource = await readFile("./shaders/define-struct-access.shader");
+    glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabRelease);
+
+    const shader = shaderLabVerbose._parseShaderSource(shaderSource);
+    const passSource = shader.subShaders[0].passes[0];
+    const { vertex, fragment } = shaderLabVerbose._parseShaderPass(
+      passSource.contents,
+      passSource.vertexEntry,
+      passSource.fragmentEntry,
+      0,
+      ""
+    )!;
+
+    const expectedVert = await readFile("./expected/define-struct-access.vert.glsl");
+    const expectedFrag = await readFile("./expected/define-struct-access.frag.glsl");
+    expect(vertex).to.equal(expectedVert);
+    expect(fragment).to.equal(expectedFrag);
+  });
+
+  it("macro-member-access-builtin-arg (Cocos FSInput pattern: member access macro as builtin fn arg)", async () => {
+    const shaderSource = await readFile("./shaders/macro-member-access-builtin-arg.shader");
+    glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabRelease);
+
+    // Also verify verbose mode (semantic analysis) succeeds — this was the original bug:
+    // member access macros like #define FSInput_worldNormal v.v_normal.xyz resolved to
+    // struct type "Varyings" instead of TypeAny, causing builtin overload matching to fail.
+    const shader = shaderLabVerbose._parseShaderSource(shaderSource);
+    const passSource = shader.subShaders[0].passes[0];
+    const { vertex, fragment } = shaderLabVerbose._parseShaderPass(
+      passSource.contents,
+      passSource.vertexEntry,
+      passSource.fragmentEntry,
+      0,
+      ""
+    )!;
+
+    expect(vertex).to.be.a("string").and.not.empty;
+    expect(fragment).to.be.a("string").and.not.empty;
+
+    // Verify key builtins are present in output (macros expanded correctly)
+    expect(fragment).to.contain("normalize");
+    expect(fragment).to.contain("dot");
+    expect(fragment).to.contain("texture2D");
+  });
+
+  it("global-varying-var (Cocos VSOutput pattern: global Varyings var with #define macros)", async () => {
+    const shaderSource = await readFile("./shaders/global-varying-var.shader");
+    glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabRelease);
+
+    // Verify verbose mode: global "Varyings o;" should not produce "uniform Varyings o;"
+    // and should not duplicate varying declarations.
+    const shader = shaderLabVerbose._parseShaderSource(shaderSource);
+    const passSource = shader.subShaders[0].passes[0];
+    const { vertex, fragment } = shaderLabVerbose._parseShaderPass(
+      passSource.contents,
+      passSource.vertexEntry,
+      passSource.fragmentEntry,
+      0,
+      ""
+    )!;
+
+    expect(vertex).to.be.a("string").and.not.empty;
+    expect(fragment).to.be.a("string").and.not.empty;
+
+    // No "uniform Varyings o;" in output
+    expect(vertex).to.not.contain("uniform Varyings");
+    expect(fragment).to.not.contain("uniform Varyings");
+
+    // Macros should be transformed: "o.v_worldPos" → "v_worldPos"
+    expect(vertex).to.contain("#define VSOutput_worldPos v_worldPos");
+    expect(vertex).to.contain("#define VSOutput_worldNormal v_normal.xyz");
+
+    // No duplicate varying declarations
+    const varyingMatches = vertex.match(/varying vec3 v_worldPos/g);
+    expect(varyingMatches).to.have.lengthOf(1);
+  });
+
+  it("frag-return-vec4 (Cocos pattern: fragment entry returns vec4 instead of void)", async () => {
+    const shaderSource = await readFile("./shaders/frag-return-vec4.shader");
+    glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabRelease);
+    glslValidate(engine, shaderSource, shaderLabVerbose);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/ShaderValidate.ts b/tests/src/shader-lab/ShaderValidate.ts
index da6d83407b..7689c721bd 100644
--- a/tests/src/shader-lab/ShaderValidate.ts
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/ShaderValidate.ts
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export function glslValidate(
         });
 
         // @ts-ignore
-        const shaderProgram = shaderPass._getCanonicalShaderProgram(engine, macroMockCollection);
+        const shaderProgram = shaderPass._compileShaderProgram(engine, macroMockCollection);
         expect(shaderProgram.isValid).to.be.true;
       });
     });
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access-global.frag.glsl b/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access-global.frag.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e766b6e6a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access-global.frag.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+varying vec2 v_uv;
+
+uniform sampler2D u_texture;
+#define ATTR_POS POSITION
+
+#define VARYING_UV v_uv
+
+#define FRAG_UV v_uv
+
+void main() { gl_FragColor = texture2D ( u_texture , FRAG_UV ) ; }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access-global.vert.glsl b/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access-global.vert.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..782ad3ee52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access-global.vert.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+uniform mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+attribute vec4 POSITION;
+attribute vec2 TEXCOORD_0;
+
+varying vec2 v_uv;
+
+#define ATTR_POS POSITION
+
+#define VARYING_UV v_uv
+
+#define FRAG_UV v_uv
+
+void main() { 
+gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * ATTR_POS ;
+VARYING_UV = TEXCOORD_0 ;
+ }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access.frag.glsl b/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access.frag.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c8ba502ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access.frag.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+varying vec2 v_uv;
+varying vec3 v_normal;
+
+uniform sampler2D u_texture;
+uniform vec3 u_lightDir;
+void main() { #define FRAG_UV v_uv
+
+#define FRAG_NORMAL v_normal
+
+float NdotL = dot ( FRAG_NORMAL , u_lightDir ) ;
+gl_FragColor = texture2D ( u_texture , FRAG_UV ) * NdotL ; }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access.vert.glsl b/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access.vert.glsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ee6d28522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/expected/define-struct-access.vert.glsl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+uniform mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+attribute vec4 POSITION;
+attribute vec2 TEXCOORD_0;
+
+varying vec2 v_uv;
+varying vec3 v_normal;
+
+void main() { 
+#define ATTR_POS POSITION
+
+#define VARYING_UV v_uv
+
+#define VARYING_NORMAL v_normal
+
+gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * ATTR_POS ;
+VARYING_UV = TEXCOORD_0 ;
+VARYING_NORMAL = vec3 ( 0.0 , 1.0 , 0.0 ) ;
+ }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/define-struct-access-global.shader b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/define-struct-access-global.shader
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a8abffe570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/define-struct-access-global.shader
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Shader "define-struct-access-global-test" {
+  SubShader "Default" {
+    Pass "Forward" {
+      mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+
+      struct Attributes { vec4 POSITION; vec2 TEXCOORD_0; };
+      struct Varyings { vec2 v_uv; };
+
+      VertexShader = vert;
+      FragmentShader = frag;
+
+      sampler2D u_texture;
+
+      // Global #define referencing entry function parameter names
+      #define ATTR_POS attr.POSITION
+      #define VARYING_UV o.v_uv
+      #define FRAG_UV v.v_uv
+
+      Varyings vert(Attributes attr) {
+        Varyings o;
+        gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * ATTR_POS;
+        VARYING_UV = attr.TEXCOORD_0;
+        return o;
+      }
+
+      void frag(Varyings v) {
+        gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_texture, FRAG_UV);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/define-struct-access.shader b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/define-struct-access.shader
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a28171dc40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/define-struct-access.shader
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Shader "define-struct-access-test" {
+  SubShader "Default" {
+    Pass "Forward" {
+      mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+
+      struct Attributes { vec4 POSITION; vec2 TEXCOORD_0; };
+      struct Varyings { vec2 v_uv; vec3 v_normal; };
+
+      VertexShader = vert;
+      FragmentShader = frag;
+
+      sampler2D u_texture;
+      vec3 u_lightDir;
+
+      Varyings vert(Attributes attr) {
+        Varyings o;
+        #define ATTR_POS attr.POSITION
+        #define VARYING_UV o.v_uv
+        #define VARYING_NORMAL o.v_normal
+        gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * ATTR_POS;
+        VARYING_UV = attr.TEXCOORD_0;
+        VARYING_NORMAL = vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
+        return o;
+      }
+
+      void frag(Varyings v) {
+        #define FRAG_UV v.v_uv
+        #define FRAG_NORMAL v.v_normal
+        float NdotL = dot(FRAG_NORMAL, u_lightDir);
+        gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_texture, FRAG_UV) * NdotL;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/frag-return-vec4.shader b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/frag-return-vec4.shader
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b3ea3d4ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/frag-return-vec4.shader
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+Shader "frag-return-vec4-test" {
+  SubShader "Default" {
+    Pass "Forward" {
+      mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+
+      struct Attributes { vec3 POSITION; vec3 NORMAL; vec2 TEXCOORD_0; };
+      struct Varyings { vec3 v_worldPos; vec4 v_normal; vec2 v_uv; };
+
+      VertexShader = vert;
+      FragmentShader = frag;
+
+      sampler2D u_texture;
+      vec3 u_lightDir;
+
+      vec3 SRGBToLinear(vec3 gamma) { return gamma * gamma; }
+      vec3 LinearToSRGB(vec3 linear) { return sqrt(linear); }
+
+      vec4 SurfacesFragmentModifyBaseColorAndTransparency(Varyings input) {
+        vec4 color = texture2D(u_texture, input.v_uv);
+        color.rgb = SRGBToLinear(color.rgb);
+        return color;
+      }
+
+      Varyings vert(Attributes attr) {
+        Varyings o;
+        vec4 pos = renderer_MVPMat * vec4(attr.POSITION, 1.0);
+        o.v_worldPos = pos.xyz;
+        o.v_normal = vec4(attr.NORMAL, 1.0);
+        o.v_uv = attr.TEXCOORD_0;
+        gl_Position = pos;
+        return o;
+      }
+
+      vec4 frag(Varyings input) {
+        vec4 color = SurfacesFragmentModifyBaseColorAndTransparency(input);
+        color.rgb = LinearToSRGB(color.rgb);
+        return color;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/generic-return-type.shader b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/generic-return-type.shader
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..72e96b7f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/generic-return-type.shader
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+Shader "generic-return-type-test" {
+  SubShader "Default" {
+    Pass "Forward" {
+      mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+
+      struct Attributes { vec4 POSITION; };
+      struct Varyings { vec2 uv; vec3 worldNormal; vec3 worldTangent; };
+
+      VertexShader = vert;
+      FragmentShader = frag;
+
+      // Test: user-defined function with concrete parameter types
+      vec3 CalculateNormalFromTangentSpace(vec3 normalFromTangentSpace, float normalStrength, vec3 normal, vec3 tangent, float mirrorNormal) {
+        vec3 binormal = cross(normal, tangent) * mirrorNormal;
+        return (normalFromTangentSpace.x * normalStrength) * normalize(tangent) +
+               (normalFromTangentSpace.y * normalStrength) * normalize(binormal) +
+                normalFromTangentSpace.z * normalize(normal);
+      }
+
+      sampler2D u_normalMap;
+      vec4 u_scaleAndStrength;
+
+      Varyings vert(Attributes attr) {
+        Varyings o;
+        gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * attr.POSITION;
+        o.uv = attr.POSITION.xy;
+        o.worldNormal = attr.POSITION.xyz;
+        o.worldTangent = attr.POSITION.xyz;
+        return o;
+      }
+
+      void frag(Varyings v) {
+        vec3 normal = v.worldNormal;
+
+        // Test: builtin generic functions (normalize) on swizzled values,
+        // passed as arguments to a user-defined function.
+        // normalize(vec3) should not produce EGenType.GenType (200) as return type,
+        // it should produce TypeAny so overload matching succeeds.
+        vec3 nmmp = texture(u_normalMap, v.uv).xyz - vec3(0.5);
+        normal = CalculateNormalFromTangentSpace(
+          nmmp,
+          u_scaleAndStrength.w,
+          normalize(normal.xyz),
+          normalize(v.worldTangent),
+          1.0
+        );
+
+        gl_FragColor = vec4(normalize(normal), 1.0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/global-varying-var.shader b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/global-varying-var.shader
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd6a5cf477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/global-varying-var.shader
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+Shader "global-varying-var-test" {
+  SubShader "Default" {
+    Pass "Forward" {
+      mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+
+      struct Attributes { vec3 POSITION; vec3 NORMAL; vec2 TEXCOORD_0; };
+      struct Varyings { vec3 v_worldPos; vec4 v_normal; vec2 v_uv; vec4 v_shadowBiasAndProbeId; };
+
+      VertexShader = vert;
+      FragmentShader = frag;
+
+      sampler2D u_texture;
+      vec3 u_lightDir;
+
+      #define VSOutput_worldPos o.v_worldPos
+      #define VSOutput_worldNormal o.v_normal.xyz
+      #define VSOutput_faceSideSign o.v_normal.w
+      #define VSOutput_texcoord o.v_uv
+      #define VSOutput_shadowBias o.v_shadowBiasAndProbeId.xy
+
+      Varyings o;
+
+      Varyings vert(Attributes input) {
+        mat4 matWorld = renderer_MVPMat;
+        vec4 pos = matWorld * vec4(input.POSITION, 1.0);
+        VSOutput_worldPos = pos.xyz;
+        VSOutput_worldNormal = input.NORMAL;
+        VSOutput_faceSideSign = 1.0;
+        VSOutput_texcoord = input.TEXCOORD_0;
+        VSOutput_shadowBias = vec2(0.0, 0.0);
+        gl_Position = pos;
+        return o;
+      }
+
+      void frag(Varyings v) {
+        vec3 N = normalize(v.v_normal.xyz);
+        float NdotL = dot(N, u_lightDir);
+        gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_texture, v.v_uv) * NdotL;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/macro-member-access-builtin-arg.shader b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/macro-member-access-builtin-arg.shader
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70ae36f3bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/macro-member-access-builtin-arg.shader
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+Shader "macro-member-access-builtin-arg-test" {
+  SubShader "Default" {
+    Pass "Forward" {
+      mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+
+      struct Attributes { vec4 POSITION; vec3 NORMAL; vec2 TEXCOORD_0; };
+      struct Varyings { vec2 v_uv; vec4 v_normal; vec3 v_worldPos; };
+
+      VertexShader = vert;
+      FragmentShader = frag;
+
+      sampler2D u_texture;
+      vec3 u_lightDir;
+      vec3 u_cameraPos;
+
+      // Cocos-style FSInput macros: member access used as builtin function args
+      #define FSInput_worldNormal v.v_normal.xyz
+      #define FSInput_faceSideSign v.v_normal.w
+      #define FSInput_worldPos v.v_worldPos
+      #define FSInput_texcoord v.v_uv
+
+      Varyings vert(Attributes attr) {
+        Varyings o;
+        gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * attr.POSITION;
+        o.v_uv = attr.TEXCOORD_0;
+        o.v_normal = vec4(attr.NORMAL, 1.0);
+        o.v_worldPos = attr.POSITION.xyz;
+        return o;
+      }
+
+      void frag(Varyings v) {
+        // normalize() with member access macro as arg
+        vec3 N = normalize(FSInput_worldNormal);
+
+        // dot() with member access macro as arg
+        float NdotL = dot(N, u_lightDir);
+
+        // texture2D() with member access macro as arg
+        vec4 albedo = texture2D(u_texture, FSInput_texcoord);
+
+        // mix() with member access macro and scalar macro
+        vec3 viewDir = normalize(u_cameraPos - FSInput_worldPos);
+        float rim = 1.0 - dot(N, viewDir);
+
+        gl_FragColor = albedo * NdotL + vec4(vec3(rim), 0.0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/macro-negate-number.shader b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/macro-negate-number.shader
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a224605393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/macro-negate-number.shader
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+Shader "macro-negate-number-test" {
+  SubShader "default" {
+    Pass "default" {
+      struct a2v {
+        vec4 POSITION;
+      };
+
+      mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+
+      #define SCENE_FOG_MODE 1
+
+      VertexShader = vert;
+      FragmentShader = frag;
+
+      void vert(a2v v) {
+        gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * v.POSITION;
+      }
+
+      void frag() {
+        vec4 color = vec4(1.0);
+
+        // Test: !0 should evaluate to true (like C preprocessor)
+        #if SCENE_FOG_MODE != 4 && (!0 || SCENE_FOG_MODE)
+          color = vec4(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+        #endif
+
+        // Test: !1 should evaluate to false
+        #if !1
+          color = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+        #endif
+
+        // Test: !0 alone
+        #if !0
+          color = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+        #endif
+
+        gl_FragColor = color;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/mrt-struct.shader b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/mrt-struct.shader
index f29056199e..85a47193c9 100644
--- a/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/mrt-struct.shader
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/mrt-struct.shader
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Shader "/mrt-test.gs" {
+Shader "/mrt-test.shader" {
 
     SubShader "Default" {
 
diff --git a/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/texture-generic.shader b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/texture-generic.shader
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a27789175c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/shader-lab/shaders/texture-generic.shader
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+Shader "texture-generic-test" {
+  SubShader "Default" {
+    Pass "Forward" {
+      mat4 renderer_MVPMat;
+
+      struct Attributes { vec4 POSITION; };
+      struct Varyings { vec2 uv; };
+
+      VertexShader = vert;
+      FragmentShader = frag;
+
+      // Test: user-defined function taking vec4, called with texture() return value.
+      // texture(sampler2D, vec2) returns GVec4 which must resolve to vec4.
+      float decode32(vec4 rgba) {
+        rgba = rgba * 255.0;
+        float Sign = 1.0 - step(128.0, rgba[3] + 0.5) * 2.0;
+        float Exponent = 2.0 * mod(float(int(rgba[3] + 0.5)), 128.0) + step(128.0, rgba[2] + 0.5) - 127.0;
+        float Mantissa = mod(float(int(rgba[2] + 0.5)), 128.0) * 65536.0 + rgba[1] * 256.0 + rgba[0] + 8388608.0;
+        return Sign * exp2(Exponent - 23.0) * Mantissa;
+      }
+
+      sampler2D u_texture;
+
+      // Test: texture() result passed to user function (GVec4 → vec4 resolve)
+      mat4 getJointMatrix(float i) {
+        float x = 4.0 * i;
+        vec4 v1 = vec4(
+          decode32(texture(u_texture, vec2((x + 0.5) / 1024.0, 0.5))),
+          decode32(texture(u_texture, vec2((x + 1.5) / 1024.0, 0.5))),
+          decode32(texture(u_texture, vec2((x + 2.5) / 1024.0, 0.5))),
+          decode32(texture(u_texture, vec2((x + 3.5) / 1024.0, 0.5)))
+        );
+        return mat4(v1, v1, v1, vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
+      }
+
+      // Test: texture() result used directly in arithmetic (GVec4 → vec4)
+      vec4 sampleAndScale(sampler2D tex, vec2 coord, float scale) {
+        vec4 color = texture(tex, coord);
+        return color * scale;
+      }
+
+      // Test: textureLod also returns GVec4
+      vec4 sampleLod(sampler2D tex, vec2 coord, float lod) {
+        vec4 color = textureLod(tex, coord, lod);
+        return color;
+      }
+
+      // Test: texture2DLod (ES 1.0 function, concrete types)
+      vec4 sampleLod2D(sampler2D tex, vec2 coord, float lod) {
+        return texture2DLod(tex, coord, lod);
+      }
+
+      // Test: texture2DLod result passed to user function
+      float decodeLod2D(sampler2D tex, vec2 coord) {
+        return decode32(texture2DLod(tex, coord, 0.0));
+      }
+
+      // Test: texture() with samplerCube (GVec4 → vec4 resolve via GSamplerCube)
+      samplerCube u_cubeMap;
+      vec4 sampleCube(samplerCube tex, vec3 dir) {
+        return texture(tex, dir);
+      }
+
+      // Test: textureLod with samplerCube (GVec4 → vec4 resolve via GSamplerCube)
+      vec4 sampleCubeLod(samplerCube tex, vec3 dir, float lod) {
+        return textureLod(tex, dir, lod);
+      }
+
+      // Test: texture(samplerCube) result passed to user function (vec4 param matching)
+      float decodeCube(vec4 rgba) {
+        return rgba.r + rgba.g;
+      }
+      float sampleAndDecode(samplerCube tex, vec3 dir) {
+        return decodeCube(texture(tex, dir));
+      }
+
+      Varyings vert(Attributes attr) {
+        Varyings o;
+        gl_Position = renderer_MVPMat * attr.POSITION;
+        o.uv = attr.POSITION.xy;
+        return o;
+      }
+
+      void frag(Varyings v) {
+        vec4 sampled = sampleAndScale(u_texture, v.uv, 1.0);
+        vec4 lodSampled = sampleLod(u_texture, v.uv, 0.0);
+        vec4 cubeSampled = sampleCube(u_cubeMap, vec3(v.uv, 1.0));
+        vec4 cubeLodSampled = sampleCubeLod(u_cubeMap, vec3(v.uv, 1.0), 0.0);
+        float decoded = sampleAndDecode(u_cubeMap, vec3(v.uv, 1.0));
+        gl_FragColor = sampled + lodSampled + cubeSampled + cubeLodSampled + vec4(decoded);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/ui/Mask.test.ts b/tests/src/ui/Mask.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d002fb27d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/ui/Mask.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import { Sprite, SpriteMaskInteraction, SpriteMaskLayer, Texture2D } from "@galacean/engine-core";
+import { WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine-rhi-webgl";
+import { CanvasRenderMode, Image, Mask, UICanvas, UITransform } from "@galacean/engine-ui";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+describe("Mask", async () => {
+  const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+  const engine = await WebGLEngine.create({ canvas });
+  const webCanvas = engine.canvas;
+  webCanvas.width = 300;
+  webCanvas.height = 300;
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.scenes[0];
+  const root = scene.createRootEntity("root");
+
+  const canvasEntity = root.createChild("canvas");
+  const rootCanvas = canvasEntity.addComponent(UICanvas);
+  rootCanvas.renderMode = CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceOverlay;
+  rootCanvas.referenceResolutionPerUnit = 50;
+  rootCanvas.referenceResolution.set(300, 300);
+
+  const imageEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("image");
+  const image = imageEntity.addComponent(Image);
+  (<UITransform>imageEntity.transform).size.set(300, 300);
+
+  const maskEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("mask");
+  const mask = maskEntity.addComponent(Mask);
+  (<UITransform>maskEntity.transform).size.set(100, 100);
+  mask.sprite = createSolidSprite(engine);
+
+  it("Set and Get sprite", () => {
+    const texture = new Texture2D(engine, 1, 1);
+    const sprite = new Sprite(engine, texture);
+    mask.sprite = sprite;
+    expect(mask.sprite).to.eq(sprite);
+
+    mask.sprite = null;
+    expect(mask.sprite).to.eq(null);
+
+    mask.sprite = createSolidSprite(engine);
+    expect(mask.sprite).not.to.eq(null);
+  });
+
+  it("Set and Get alphaCutoff", () => {
+    expect(mask.alphaCutoff).to.eq(0.5);
+    mask.alphaCutoff = 0.2;
+    expect(mask.alphaCutoff).to.eq(0.2);
+  });
+
+  it("Set and Get influenceLayers", () => {
+    expect(mask.influenceLayers).to.eq(SpriteMaskLayer.Everything);
+    mask.influenceLayers = SpriteMaskLayer.Layer1;
+    expect(mask.influenceLayers).to.eq(SpriteMaskLayer.Layer1);
+    mask.influenceLayers = SpriteMaskLayer.Everything;
+  });
+
+  it("Set and Get flipX/flipY", () => {
+    mask.flipX = true;
+    expect(mask.flipX).to.eq(true);
+    mask.flipY = true;
+    expect(mask.flipY).to.eq(true);
+    mask.flipX = false;
+    mask.flipY = false;
+  });
+
+  it("UI image maskInteraction default is None", () => {
+    expect(image.maskInteraction).to.eq(SpriteMaskInteraction.None);
+    image.maskInteraction = SpriteMaskInteraction.VisibleInsideMask;
+    expect(image.maskInteraction).to.eq(SpriteMaskInteraction.VisibleInsideMask);
+  });
+});
+
+function createSolidSprite(engine: WebGLEngine): Sprite {
+  const texture = new Texture2D(engine, 1, 1);
+  texture.setPixelBuffer(new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255]));
+  return new Sprite(engine, texture);
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/ui/RectMask2D.test.ts b/tests/src/ui/RectMask2D.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47286e97eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/ui/RectMask2D.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import { Vector2, Vector3, Vector4 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
+import { WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine-rhi-webgl";
+import { CanvasRenderMode, RectMask2D, UICanvas, UITransform } from "@galacean/engine-ui";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+describe("RectMask2D", async () => {
+  const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+  const engine = await WebGLEngine.create({ canvas });
+  const webCanvas = engine.canvas;
+  webCanvas.width = 300;
+  webCanvas.height = 300;
+  const scene = engine.sceneManager.scenes[0];
+  const root = scene.createRootEntity("root");
+
+  const canvasEntity = root.createChild("canvas");
+  const rootCanvas = canvasEntity.addComponent(UICanvas);
+  rootCanvas.renderMode = CanvasRenderMode.ScreenSpaceOverlay;
+  rootCanvas.referenceResolutionPerUnit = 1;
+  rootCanvas.referenceResolution.set(300, 300);
+
+  it("should return false when mask size is zero", () => {
+    const maskEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("mask-zero");
+    const rectMask = maskEntity.addComponent(RectMask2D);
+    const transform = maskEntity.transform as UITransform;
+    transform.size.set(0, 100);
+    const worldRect = new Vector4();
+
+    expect(rectMask._getWorldRect(worldRect)).to.eq(false);
+  });
+
+  it("should clamp negative softness values", () => {
+    const rectMask = canvasEntity.createChild("mask-softness").addComponent(RectMask2D);
+
+    rectMask.softness.set(-4, 6);
+    expect(rectMask.softness.x).to.eq(0);
+    expect(rectMask.softness.y).to.eq(6);
+
+    rectMask.softness = new Vector2(5, -3);
+    expect(rectMask.softness.x).to.eq(5);
+    expect(rectMask.softness.y).to.eq(0);
+  });
+
+  it("should toggle alphaClip", () => {
+    const rectMask = canvasEntity.createChild("mask-alphaclip").addComponent(RectMask2D);
+    expect(rectMask.alphaClip).to.eq(false);
+    rectMask.alphaClip = true;
+    expect(rectMask.alphaClip).to.eq(true);
+  });
+
+  it("should compute world rect when size and pivot set", () => {
+    const maskEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("mask-rect");
+    const transform = maskEntity.transform as UITransform;
+    transform.pivot.set(0.5, 0.5);
+    transform.size.set(100, 80);
+    transform.setPosition(0, 0, 0);
+    const rectMask = maskEntity.addComponent(RectMask2D);
+    const worldRect = new Vector4();
+    expect(rectMask._getWorldRect(worldRect)).to.eq(true);
+    // The canvas applies adaptation; just verify width/height match
+    expect(worldRect.z - worldRect.x).to.be.closeTo(100, 1);
+    expect(worldRect.w - worldRect.y).to.be.closeTo(80, 1);
+  });
+
+  it("should test contains world point", () => {
+    const maskEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("mask-contains");
+    const transform = maskEntity.transform as UITransform;
+    transform.pivot.set(0.5, 0.5);
+    transform.size.set(100, 100);
+    transform.setPosition(0, 0, 0);
+    const rectMask = maskEntity.addComponent(RectMask2D);
+
+    const rect = new Vector4();
+    rectMask._getWorldRect(rect);
+    const cx = (rect.x + rect.z) * 0.5;
+    const cy = (rect.y + rect.w) * 0.5;
+    expect(rectMask._containsWorldPoint(new Vector3(cx, cy, 0))).to.eq(true);
+    expect(rectMask._containsWorldPoint(new Vector3(rect.x - 5, rect.y - 5, 0))).to.eq(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/src/ui/UIEvent.test.ts b/tests/src/ui/UIEvent.test.ts
index d2057a26cb..dc49457ba1 100644
--- a/tests/src/ui/UIEvent.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/ui/UIEvent.test.ts
@@ -74,17 +74,20 @@ describe("UIEvent", async () => {
 
   // Add Image
   const imageEntity1 = canvasEntity.createChild("Image1");
-  imageEntity1.addComponent(Image);
+  const image1 = imageEntity1.addComponent(Image);
+  image1.raycastEnabled = true;
   (<UITransform>imageEntity1.transform).size.set(300, 300);
   const script1 = imageEntity1.addComponent(TestScript);
 
   const imageEntity2 = imageEntity1.createChild("Image2");
-  imageEntity2.addComponent(Image);
+  const image2 = imageEntity2.addComponent(Image);
+  image2.raycastEnabled = true;
   (<UITransform>imageEntity2.transform).size.set(200, 200);
   const script2 = imageEntity2.addComponent(TestScript);
 
   const imageEntity3 = imageEntity2.createChild("Image3");
   const image3 = imageEntity3.addComponent(Image);
+  image3.raycastEnabled = true;
   (<UITransform>imageEntity3.transform).size.set(100, 100);
   const script3 = imageEntity3.addComponent(TestScript);
 
@@ -93,6 +96,7 @@ describe("UIEvent", async () => {
     const { _pointerManager: pointerManager } = inputManager;
     const { _target: target } = pointerManager;
     const { left, top } = target.getBoundingClientRect();
+
     target.dispatchEvent(generatePointerEvent("pointerdown", 2, left + 2, top + 2));
     engine.update();
 
diff --git a/tests/src/ui/UIInteractive.test.ts b/tests/src/ui/UIInteractive.test.ts
index 8ee57381a8..96ab8be99f 100644
--- a/tests/src/ui/UIInteractive.test.ts
+++ b/tests/src/ui/UIInteractive.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,16 @@
 import { Camera, PointerEventData, Script, SpriteDrawMode } from "@galacean/engine-core";
 import { Color, Vector3 } from "@galacean/engine-math";
 import { WebGLEngine } from "@galacean/engine-rhi-webgl";
-import { Button, ColorTransition, Image, ScaleTransition, Text, UICanvas, UIGroup, UITransform } from "@galacean/engine-ui";
+import {
+  Button,
+  ColorTransition,
+  Image,
+  ScaleTransition,
+  Text,
+  UICanvas,
+  UIGroup,
+  UITransform
+} from "@galacean/engine-ui";
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 
 class ClickHandler extends Script {
@@ -12,7 +21,7 @@ class ClickHandler extends Script {
     this.callCount++;
   }
 
-  handleClickWithPrefix(prefix: string) {
+  handleClickWithPrefix(_event: PointerEventData, prefix: string) {
     this.callCount++;
     this.lastPrefix = prefix;
   }
@@ -40,7 +49,7 @@ describe("Button", async () => {
   const canvasEntity = root.createChild("canvas");
   canvasEntity.addComponent(UIGroup);
 
-  const commonTextEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("commonText")
+  const commonTextEntity = canvasEntity.createChild("commonText");
   const commonText = commonTextEntity.addComponent(Text);
 
   // Create button
@@ -55,7 +64,6 @@ describe("Button", async () => {
   text.color.set(0, 0, 0, 1);
   const button = buttonEntity.addComponent(Button);
 
-
   it("Set and Get", () => {
     // Click
     let clickCount = 0;
@@ -135,7 +143,7 @@ describe("Button", async () => {
     const cloneButton = cloneButtonEntity.getComponent(Button);
     const cloneTransitions = cloneButton.transitions;
     const cloneTransition = cloneTransitions[0];
-    expect(cloneTransition.target).to.eq(cloneButtonEntity.getComponent(Image))
+    expect(cloneTransition.target).to.eq(cloneButtonEntity.getComponent(Image));
 
     const cloneTransitionOne = cloneTransitions[1];
     expect(cloneTransitionOne.target).to.eq(cloneButtonEntity.findByName("Text").getComponent(Text));
diff --git a/tests/vitest.config.ts b/tests/vitest.config.ts
index 91a68ffbca..e11fe737fa 100644
--- a/tests/vitest.config.ts
+++ b/tests/vitest.config.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
+import glsl from "../rollup-plugin-glsl";
 import { defineProject } from "vitest/config";
 
 export default defineProject({
   server: {
     port: 51204
   },
+  plugins: [
+    glsl({
+      include: [/\.(glsl|gs)$/]
+    })
+  ],
+  resolve: {
+    mainFields: ["debug", "module", "main"]
+  },
   optimizeDeps: {
     exclude: [
       "@galacean/engine",