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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: src/content/en/2025/accessibility.md
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Color contrast is especially important for older users, people with temporary disabilities, like missing reading glasses, and anyone reading under bright sunlight or in challenging environments.
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WCAG requires contrast ratios of at least 4.5:1 for standard text and 3:1 for large text to achieve AA conformance. AAA conformance demands 7:1 for normal text. [WCAG contrast ratios](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/Guides/Understanding_WCAG/Perceivable/Color_contrast) are an important baseline, but these guidelines don't address every form of color blindness or individual variation in perception.
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WCAG requires contrast ratios of at least 4.5:1 for standard text and 3:1 for large text to achieve AA conformance. AAA conformance demands 7:1 for normal text. [WCAG contrast ratios](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/Accessibility/Guides/Understanding_WCAG/Perceivable/Color_contrast) are an important baseline, but these guidelines don't address every form of color blindness or individual variation in perception.
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Other documents, including the <ahreflang="en"href="https://git.myndex.com/">Accessible Perceptual Contrast Algorithm (APCA)</a>, aim to offer a more perceptually accurate measurement of contrast.
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## User preference
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Modern CSS includes [User Preference Media Queries](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules/@media/prefers-color-scheme) that let websites adapt to a user's operating system or browser settings. Users get a more comfortable, personalized experience. Websites can respond to preferences for motion, contrast, and color schemes.
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Modern CSS includes [User Preference Media Queries](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/CSS/Reference/At-rules/@media/prefers-color-scheme) that let websites adapt to a user's operating system or browser settings. Users get a more comfortable, personalized experience. Websites can respond to preferences for motion, contrast, and color schemes.
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## CMS adoption
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By 2025, CMS adoption reflects a web that’s both mature and increasingly specialized. Almost every site now runs on some kind of CMS, but how these platforms are used varies a lot by region, traffic level, and underlying technology. Instead of everyone standardizing on a single go-to system, the market is clearly fragmenting, with different platforms leading in different parts of the world, for different use cases, and at different scales.
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By 2025, CMS adoption reflects a web that's both mature and increasingly specialized. Almost every site now runs on some kind of CMS, but how these platforms are used varies a lot by region, traffic level, and underlying technology. Instead of everyone standardizing on a single go-to system, the market is clearly fragmenting, with different platforms leading in different parts of the world, for different use cases, and at different scales.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: src/content/en/2025/seo.md
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There are two main ways to implement robots directives:
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1. Using a [`<meta name=robots>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/meta/name/robots) tag (placed within the `<head>` section of a webpage)
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2. Using an [`X-Robots-Tag`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers/X-Robots-Tag) HTTP header
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1. Using a [`<meta name=robots>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/meta/name/robots) tag (placed within the `<head>` section of a webpage)
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2. Using an [`X-Robots-Tag`](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers/X-Robots-Tag) HTTP header
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The method you choose depends on your specific use case, as well as the means and methods at your disposal.
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featured_stat_label_2: The median number of third-party domains present on a page
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featured_stat_3: 18%
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featured_stat_label_3: Percentage of websites that use TCF Standard
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doi: TODO
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---
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## Introduction
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As previously indicated, third parties can be used for various use cases—for example, to include videos, to serve ads, or to include content from social media sites. Similar to the previous year, to categorize the observed third parties in our dataset, we rely on the <ahreflang="en"href="https://github.com/patrickhulce/third-party-web/#third-parties-by-category">Third-Party Web</a> repository from <ahreflang="en"href="https://x.com/patrickhulce">Patrick Hulce</a>. The repository breaks down third parties along the following categories:
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-**Ad:** These scripts are part of advertising networks, either serving or measuring.
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-**Analytics:** These scripts measure or track users and their actions. There’s a wide range of impact here, depending on what’s being tracked.
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-**Analytics:** These scripts measure or track users and their actions. There's a wide range of impact here, depending on what's being tracked.
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-**CDN:** These are a mixture of publicly hosted open source libraries (for example jQuery) served over different public CDNs and private CDN usage.
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-**Content:** These scripts are from content providers or publishing-specific affiliate tracking.
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-**Customer Success:** These scripts are from customer support/marketing providers that offer chat and contact solutions. These scripts are generally heavier in weight.
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-**Tag Manager:** These scripts tend to load many other scripts and initiate many tasks.
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-**Utility:** These scripts are developer utilities (API clients, site monitoring, fraud detection, etc.).
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-**Video:** These scripts enable video player and streaming functionality.
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-**Consent provider:** These scripts allow sites to manage the user consent (e.g. for the [General Data Protection Regulation](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation) compliance). They are also known as the ’Cookie Consent’ popups and are usually loaded on the critical path.
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-**Consent provider:** These scripts allow sites to manage the user consent (e.g. for the [General Data Protection Regulation](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation) compliance). They are also known as the _Cookie Consent_ popups and are usually loaded on the critical path.
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-**Other:** These are miscellaneous scripts delivered via a shared origin with no precise category or attribution.
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### `Content-Type`
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## Consent propagation among third parties
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In this section, we examine how different third parties transmit user consent across the web. <ahreflang="en"href="https://petsymposium.org/popets/2024/popets-2024-0120.pdf">Previous research</a> has shown that third parties often rely on industry-standard frameworks to communicate consent information. In our analysis, we focus primarily on the IAB’s three consent standards: the <ahrefland="en"href="https://iabeurope.eu/transparency-consent-framework/">Transparency and Consent Framework (TCF)</a>, the <ahreflang="en"href="https://iabtechlab.com/standards/ccpa/">CCPA Framework</a>, and the <ahrefland="en"href="https://iabtechlab.com/gpp/">Global Privacy Protocol (GPP)</a>.
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In this section, we examine how different third parties transmit user consent across the web. <ahreflang="en"href="https://petsymposium.org/popets/2024/popets-2024-0120.pdf">Previous research</a> has shown that third parties often rely on industry-standard frameworks to communicate consent information. In our analysis, we focus primarily on the IAB's three consent standards: the <ahrefland="en"href="https://iabeurope.eu/transparency-consent-framework/">Transparency and Consent Framework (TCF)</a>, the <ahreflang="en"href="https://iabtechlab.com/standards/ccpa/">CCPA Framework</a>, and the <ahrefland="en"href="https://iabtechlab.com/gpp/">Global Privacy Protocol (GPP)</a>.
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These frameworks define how consent information is encoded and shared between websites and third parties. We begin by identifying which consent standards are most prevalent among the third parties observed in our dataset. To determine which framework a third party uses, we rely on the presence of specific parameters in the request URLs. Details of the different standards are below:
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