Add Logging Throughout Package

[Carrington-dev]

Description

Implement comprehensive logging for debugging and monitoring.

Tasks

• Add logger to all modules
• Log configuration source attempts
• Log cache hits/misses
• Log validation failures
• Log type casting operations
• Log API calls to cloud providers
• Implement sensitive data redaction
• Add structured logging support
• Create logging configuration guide
• Add log level documentation
• Use proper log levels (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR)

Acceptance Criteria

• Logging comprehensive but not verbose
• Sensitive data never logged
• Easy to configure log levels
• Helpful for debugging